专题01.冠词、名词、数词、介词精讲(外研版)-2025届中考英语总复习(外研版)

2025-03-03
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 名词,数词,介词,冠词
使用场景 中考复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
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地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2025-03-03
更新时间 2025-04-17
作者 小米夏
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审核时间 2025-03-03
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专题01.冠词、名词、数词、介词精讲 冠词 一.冠词易错点 (1) a/an 的区分: 注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母 u 本身的音/ju:/,前面加a. 如.a useful book, a university, . a usual chair; 如果发以外的音, 前面加 an:如an unusual chair, an unimportant, an umbrella, 常考还有 an honest boy . a European country (2) 球类,棋类运动和三餐饭前不加 the play football ,play chess. have breakfast.西洋乐器前加 the play the violin,play the piano (3)高难度题 a“u” ;an“h” ;an “s” ;an “x” 二.冠词常考点 考点一 不定冠词a/an (一)不定冠词a/an的用法 用法 例句 首次提到某人或某物 I saw a bird in the tree. 泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物 A boy is waiting for a bus at the bus stop. a/an+单数名词,表示人或事物的某一种类 A plane goes faster than a train. 用于抽象名词前,使抽象名词具体化 Working with you is a great pleasure. A heavy rain fell this morning. 表示数量“一”,但数的概念没有one强烈 He has got an apple and a pear. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前,表示“每一” fifty kilometers an hour 用于序数词前,a+序数词,表示“又一;再一” This pear is very sweet and I want a second one. (二)不定冠词a和an的区别 a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a tiger,a European country,a university an用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an apple,an hour,an honest boy 注意 判断一个单词前用 a 还是 an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其首字母。如下所示: u开头的单词 发/ju:/时用a a university,a useful book 发/ʌ/时用an an umbrella,an unusual story,an unhappy boy 其他特殊:a European country;an hour;an honest (三)不定冠词a和an的固定搭配     考点二 定冠词 (一)定冠词the的用法 定冠词 the 与指示代词 this 和 that 同源,有“那(这)个”“那(这)些”的意思,但较弱,和名词连用,特指某个或某些人或物。 用法 例句 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)物(有限制性定语修饰) The man in a blue shirt is my uncle. 说话双方都知道的人或物 Please pass the sugar to me. 上文提到过的人或物 There is a boy over there and the boy is crying. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun is bigger than the moon. 用于序数词或形容词最高级前 He is the first one to be here. Who is the tallest? the+姓氏的复数形式,表示一家人或夫妇俩 The Whites are watching TV. the+形容词,表示一类人 the poor穷人the rich富人the young年轻人 用于表示被演奏的西洋乐器的名词前 play the piano/violin/guitar/drum 用于next,last,same,only等词前 She is the only child in her family. 用于某些普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall长城 the Yellow River黄河 the United States美国 用于表示方位的名词前 in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北部 on the right在右边 (二)定冠词the的固定搭配    考点三 零冠词 1.表示三餐;与play连用的球类、棋类和游戏;季节、月份、星期;语言;学科;颜色的名词前。 Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。 2.节日的名称前。 National Day国庆节 Children's Day儿童节 Dragon- Boat Festival 端午节 3.专有名词前或抽象名词、物质名同用来表示一般概念时。 Beijing is the capital of China. 4.不可数名词或复数名词表示泛指时 Bikes are useful. 5.名词前如果有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时。 Which book would you like? 6.家庭成员的名称、称呼语职位或头衔前。 Father is on business in Shanghai 7.在与by连用的交通工具名称前。 We often come to school by bus. 1.(2024·天津·中考真题)My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填 2.(2023·天津·中考真题)My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece. A.a; an B.a; 不填 C.an; a D.an; 不填 3.(2022·天津·中考真题)After ________ school, I bought ________ present for my mother. A./; a B.a; / C.a; the D.the; / 4.(2021·天津·中考真题)This is ________ story of friendship. Let’s read ________ story together. A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a D.a; the 5.(2020·天津·中考真题)Lao She is ________ great writer. He’s especially famous for ________ play Teahouse. A.an; the B.a; the C.an; a D.a; an 6.(2024·天津河西·二模)—Jenny, why not go for ________ picnic this Saturday? —Sounds great. A.a B.an C.the D./ 7.(2024·天津武清·三模)We can have ________ lunch in the dining hall and then have ________ break. A.the; a B./; a C./; the D.a; the 8.(2024·天津和平·三模)This is __________ map of our school. In the middle of the school is __________ office building. A.the; a B.a; / C./; an D.a; an 9.(2024·天津·二模)Look, there’s ______ notice. It says, “Help! Protect ______ animals in danger.” A.a; an B.an; 不填 C.an; a D.a; the 10.(2024·天津红桥·二模)Stonehenge is _________ ancient circle of stones in _________ south of England. A.an; the B.an; 不填 C.a; the D.a; a 11.(2024·天津南开·二模)________ best time to visit New England in a year is in _______ September. A./; the B.A; / C.A; the D.The; / 12.(2024·天津河北·二模)Paper cutting is ________ art form with ________ long history in China. A.a; the B.a; an C.an; a D.an; the 13.(2024·天津河东·二模)There are ______ days in a week and Tuesday is ______ day of the week. A.seven; the third B.seven; third C.seventh; three D.the seventh; three 14.(2024·天津西青·二模)I want to go on ________ trip with my family in ________ summer holiday. A.a; a B.a; the C.an; the D.the; a 15.(2024·天津和平·二模)Cambridge is on ________ River Cam and has ________ population of about 120, 000. A.the; a B.a; a C.the; the D.a; / 16.(2024·天津·一模)Jerry is eating _______ ice cream in _______ sun. A.an; the B.an; / C.a; the D.a; a 17.(2024·天津滨海新·一模)Fangfang enjoys playing ________ piano and listening to ________ music as well. A./; the B./; / C.the; / D.the; the 18.(2024·天津西青·一模)—Hello! Is there ________ underground station near here? —Yes. Look! ________ station is on the left. A.a; The B.a; A C.an; The D.an; A 19.(2024·天津河北·一模)Beijing is ________ capital city of China. It’s ________ ancient city full of places of interest. A.a; an B.a; the C.the; a D.the; an 20.(2024·江苏扬州·一模)Paris, a romantic city, is chosen to be ________ host of the 2024 Olympic Games. A.a B.an C./ D.the 21.(2024·天津河东·一模)Lucy is ________ honest girl and ________ good friend of mine. A.a; the B.the; an C.a; an D.an; a 名词 一.名词易错点 (1) 单复数特殊变化: 男man-men、女woman-women、脚 foot-feet、牙tooth-teeth、鹅 goose-geese、孩子child-children、 people(可数名词),sheep, deer(鹿)fish 单复数同形。 中日不变,英法变,其余后面加s Americans,Germans (2) 名词的复数重心转移: This is an old pair of shoes. I want a new pair . (3) 带性别的复合词组: 有woman 和man两个表示性别的词做定语修饰后面的名词时变复数,两者同时变复数。Two women(变)doctors(变),two men teachers 二.名词常考点 考点一 可数名词的复数形式 1. 规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 pen—pens; doctor—doctors; map—maps 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 bus—buses; box—boxes; watch—watches; brush—brushes 以辅音字母加 y 结尾 factory—factories; family—families 以 o 结尾 hero—heroes; potato—potatoes; tomato—tomatoes 巧记:英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。 photo—photos; radio—radios; piano—pianos;zoo-zoos 以 f 或 fe 结尾 树叶(leaf—leaves)半数(half—halves)自己(self-selves)黄;妻子(wife—wives)拿刀(knife—knives)去杀狼(wolf—wolves);架(shelf—shelves)后小偷(thief—thieves)逃命(life—lives)忙。 2. 不规则变化 (1) 字母变化: man— ; woman— ; child— ; foot— ; tooth— ; goose— ; mouse— (2) 单复数相同:sheep—sheep; deer—deer; fish—fish 注意:fish 强调鱼的条数的时候,单复数同形;强调鱼的种类的时候,复数形式要加-es,即 fishes。 (3) 某国人变复数的歌诀:中日不变英法变,其余国家加s。 Chinese— ; Japanese— ; Englishman— ; Frenchman--- ; American— ;German--- (4) 有些名词本身是复数形式,如:clothes; pants; trousers; jeans; shorts; glasses; people 等。 注意:people 当“人们”讲时,本身是复数形式;当“民族”讲时,是单数形式,其复数要在末尾加-s。a people; 56 peoples 3. 复合名词的数 (1) 一般情况下把后面一个名词变为复数,作定语的名词不变。 a girl student—five girl students; an apple tree—ten apple trees (2) 由 man 和 woman 构成的复合名词,变复数时要把名词和 man/ woman 同时变为复数。 a man doctor— ; a woman teacher— (3) sport 作定语修饰其他名词时,无论主题词是单数还是复数,sport 通常用复数形式 a sports club; sports shoes 考点二 不可数名词 1. 不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词 a/ an 修饰,但可用 much, a lot of / lots of, plenty of, some, little, a little 等修饰。 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 There is some tea in the cup. 茶杯里有些茶。 2. 不可数名词还常用“数词/ 不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示不可数名词的量。 a piece of paper 一张纸, two cups of tea 两杯茶,a glass of water 一玻璃杯水,three bottles of pop 三瓶汽水。 作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于 of 前面的量词的数。 There are three glasses of orange juice on the table. 桌子上有三杯橙汁。 常见的不可数名词: 类别 例词 饮食 milk;water;juice;tea;coffee;beer;soup;oil;beef;pork;rice;wheat;corn;bread;salt;cheese;butter 材料 gold;glass;silk;cotton;wool 自然 earth;light;sunshine;rain;snow;ice;grass;weather 抽象名词 advice;time;money;news;energy;work;knowledge;information;music;patience;help;fun 考点三 名词所有格 1. ’s 所有格 情况 方法 例子 单数名词 my friend’s uncle 我朋友的叔叔 Father’s Day/Mother’s Day 不以 s 结尾的复数名词 Children's Day 儿童节 以 s 结尾的复数名词 Teachers’ Day 教师节 表示两人共有 Lucy and Lily's mother 露西和莉莉的妈妈 表示各自所有 Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间 2. of 所有格 主要用于表示无生命事物的所有关系。 the name of the film 电影的名字 the cover of the book 书的封面 3. 双重所有格 “名词+of+名词性物主代词/ 名词所有格”构成双重所有格形式。 a friend of hers 她的一个朋友 a friend of Mike's 迈克的一个朋友 1.(2024·天津·一模)All _______ received fresh flowers on Women's Day. A.woman teachers B.women teacher C.women teachers D.woman teacher 2.(2023·天津河东·二模)—Who’s the old man in blue? —He’s __________ grandfather. A.Jim and Lily B.Jim’s and Lily C.Jim’s and Lily’s D.Jim and Lily’s 3.(2022·天津河北·一模)Tom runs six miles every morning, so he is in very excellent ________. A.suggestion B.condition C.tradition D.pollution 4.(2022·江苏盐城·一模)— Dad, what is the loudspeaker saying? — It is to the _________. The flight to Beijing is checking tickets now. A.customers B.tourists C.members D.passengers 5.(2021·天津河东·模拟预测)This bedroom is mine. That bedroom is ________. A.Jim’s and Tom’s B.Jim’s and Tom C.Jim and Tom’s D.Jim and Tom 6.(2021·天津·二模)Once a term, there is a ________ meeting, so our parents and teachers can talk about our progress. A.parents B.parent’s C.parents’ D.parent 7.(2024·天津武清·三模)我们应该好好利用我们的零花钱。 We should make good use of our . 8.(2024·天津河西·二模)政府正在建设几个自然公园。 The government is setting up a few . 9.(2024·天津和平·三模)上下班高峰期时,交通堵塞随处可见。 There are always at rush hour. 10.(2024·天津南开·二模)她的日常生活忙碌且多彩。 Her is busy but colorful. 11.(2024·天津和平·二模)有些孩子喜欢午餐吃热狗喝可乐。 Some children like eating and drinking cola for lunch. 12.(2024·天津滨海新·一模)我们学校有一个食堂和一个大操场。 There is a and a large playground in our school. 13.(2024·天津西青·一模)请好好使用你的零花钱。 Please make good use of your . 14.(2024·天津河东·一模)在你的日常生活中,制定一个健康的时间表是很重要的。 It is important to make a healthy schedule in your . 15.(2024·天津南开·一模)我们应该学习如何实施基本的急救。 We should learn how to do basic . 16.(2024·天津和平·一模)我们都为小玛丽感到骄傲,因为她在钢琴比赛中获得了第一名。 We are all proud of little Mary because she won the in the piano competition. 17.(22-23九年级上·天津红桥·阶段练习)悉尼歌剧院像一艘巨大的帆船。 The Sydney Opera House is like a huge . 18.(2023九年级·天津·专题练习)为了保护野生大熊猫,政府建立了许多自然公园。 In order to protect pandas in the wild, the government set up many . 19.(2023·天津和平·三模)不可能查出是谁帮了我们。 There is to find out who helped us. 20.(2023·天津南开·二模)她每天都给妈妈发短信。 She sends her mother a every day. 21.(2023·天津南开·三模)儿童节那天我们每个人都会得到一份礼物。 Everyone of us can get a present on . 22.(2023·天津南开·三模)地球是太阳系中的一颗行星。 The earth is one of the planets in the . 数词 一.数词易错点 1.three sixths= 3/6 2.three and three is six 3+3=6 3.I want a few more.还要一点 once more. 再来一遍 two books more 再来两本书 4.a quarter =1/4 three quarters / three fourths = 3/4 5.200 个 two hundred 几百个:hundreds of 二.数词常考点 考点一 基数词的构成 1. 1-12的基数词是独立的词:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。 2. 13-19的基数词以-teen结尾:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen。 3. 20-90的整十位数的基数词以-ty结尾:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety。 4. 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符“-” : twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three, sixty-five 5. 百位和十位或百位和个位之间加and : 365 — three hundred and sixty-five; 101— one hundred and one 6. 四位数以上的基数词:借用科学记数法,从后往前数,每三位数加“,”,第一个逗号为千(thousand);第二个逗号为百万(million),第三个逗号为十亿(billion)。如: 2, 009 two thousand and nine 54, 321 fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one 7, 654,321 seven million, six hundred and fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one 7.hundred, thousand, million, billion的特殊用法 用法 举例 说明 前面有基数词,用来修饰后面的名词表示精确数量时,本身不用复数形式,名词才用复数形式。 800 (eight hundred students ) 3, 000 ( three thousand trees) / 否则,在表示含糊数量时要用复数形式,并要与of连用。 hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上万 millions of 数百万计 billions of 数十亿的 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of前面可被many, several, a few修饰,如:many/several thousands of 成千上万的 考点二:基数词的用法 (1) 基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 Twenty of them are Young Pioneers. 他们当中有二十个是少先队员。 (2) 用于名词之后表示顺序编号。 Please open your books and turn to Page 28. 请打开书翻到第 28 页。 (3) 基数词可表示年份、时间(钟点)、电话号码、年龄等。 I was born on July 12, 1989. 我出生在 1989 年 7 月 12 日。 时刻表示法: 情况 顺读法 示例 整点 基数词(+o’clock) 9:00 nine(o’clock) 几点零几分 钟点数 + 分钟数 9:40 nine forty 情况 逆读法 示例 “几点过几分” 30分钟内(包括半小时) 用介词past 9:10 ten(minutes) past nine 9:30 half past nine 9:15 a quarter past nine “几点差几分” 30分钟以外 用介词to 9:50 ten(minutes) to ten 9:45 a quarter to ten (4) 表示“世纪年代”,用“in + the +基数词复数”。 in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代 (5) in one's+整十的基数词复数表示“在某人……多岁时”。 The old woman is in her nineties. 这位老太太九十多岁了。 (6) “数词+连字符+单数名词”或“数词+连字符+单数名词+连字符+形容词”构成复合形容词作定语。 We have a seven-day holiday in October. 在 10 月我们有一个 7 天的假期。 She is an eight-year-old Chinese girl. 她是一个 8 岁的中国女孩。 (7)倍数表示法:一倍once;两倍twice;三倍或三倍以上:基数词+times 用法 举例 表示“是……几倍”: 倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as The room is three times as big as that one. “比……大几倍”: 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than The room is three times bigger than that one. 考点三 :序数词的构成及用法 1.基数词变序数词 口诀巧记:“一、二、三,特殊记(first/second/third);八去t(eighth),九去e(ninth);ve要用f替(fifth/twelfth);ty变为tie,再加th别忘记(twentieth);若是遇到几十几 ,只变个位就可以。” 数字 基数词 序数词 缩略式 数字 基数词 序数词 缩略式 1 one 1st 15 fifteen 15th 2 two 2nd 16 sixteen 16th 3 three 3rd 17 seventeen 17th 4 four 4th 18 eighteen 18th 5 five 5th 19 nineteen 19th 6 six 6th 20 twenty 20th 7 seven 7th 30 thirty 30th 8 eight 8th 40 forty 40th 9 nine 9th 50 fifty 50th 10 ten 10th 60 sixty 60th 11 eleven 11th 70 seventy 70th 12 twelve 12th 80 eighty 80th 13 thirteen 13th 90 ninety 90th 14 fourteen 14th 100 a hundred 100th 2.序数词的用法 用法 举例 (1) 日期用序数词来表示 May 1st 五月一日;September 10th 九月十日 (2) 一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用 Tom is the first child of the family. Tom is his first child. (2) 与a/ an连用时,表示数量上“又一” “再一” Though he failed twice, he would like to have a third time. (3) 表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母要用复数 1/4 写作 one fourth 或 one quarter 1/2 写作 one second 或 a half 2/3 写作 two thirds 3/4 写作 three fourths 或 three quarters (4) 分数作主语时,谓语动词要根据分数后的名词来确定,如果是不可数名词就要用单数,是可数名词则用复数 One third of the students have been to the Great Wall. Four fifths of the water is drunk by the children. 1.(2024·天津河东·二模)There are ______ days in a week and Tuesday is ______ day of the week. A.seven; the third B.seven; third C.seventh; three D.the seventh; three 2.(2024·天津·一模)—What day is it today? —It is Wednesday, and it’s my _______ birthday. A.sixteen B.the sixteenth C.sixteenth D.the sixteen 3.(2023九年级·天津·专题练习)Everybody knows that the earth is home to ________ animals. A.million B.millions C.million of D.millions of 4.(2023·天津河东·二模)The writer I admire most is Shakespeare. A book says that ________ of his plays were written in his ________. A.one third; fifties B.one third; fifty C.one thirds; fifties D.one thirds; fifty 5.(2023·天津河东·一模)Teahouse has three acts and shows the lives of common people in China from the end of ________ century to the middle of ________ century. A.the nineteenth, twentieth B.the nineteenth, the twentieth C.nineteen, twenty D.nineteenth, the twentieth 6.(2023·天津和平·一模)—About ________ of the children ________ homeless after the earthquake. —Yes, we should help them rebuild the houses. A. three fourths; was B.three fourth; were C.three fourths; were D.three fourth; was 二、完成句子 7.(2023·天津西青·二模)每天成百上千的人去失物招领处。 people go to lost and found office every day. 8.(2023·天津河北·一模)珍妮喜欢阅读,她每年买成百上千本书。 Jenny likes reading and she buys books every year. 9.(2023·天津河西·一模)这个大教室里有好几百名学生。 There are students in the big classroom. 10.(2023·天津和平·一模)托尼在写作比赛中赢得了第一名。 Tony has won in the writing competition. 11.(2022·天津·二模)在2012年,刘翔回到了国际110米栏赛第一的位置。 Liu Xiang returned to the in the world 110m hurdles race in 2012. 介词 一.介词易错点 (1) 介词+doing 介词+ 代词宾格形式 Neither of us is late. The book is for you. The knife is used for cutting things. Tom is sitting between him and me.(禁用“I” ) 关联记忆:介意 Mind + doing Would you mind my smoking here? (2) on in at 的用法: 表时间:on(天优先,只要涉及天的概念就用 on) in(时段) at (时刻) ;on the morning of April 1st. on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜晚 at the same time (3) 表伴随: with / without ,或 doing She is a girl with long hair. She is a girl wearing a new dress. (4)表方式: by bike,on foot 没有冠词“a”或名词复数 What time is it by your watch. . The boss pays us by week. He beat her with a book.(with 后要带 a 或复数) speak in English Write in ink (5)介词(不加 the)+名词 at table 在桌旁,且在吃饭(两层意思)at the table 在桌旁,具体干什么不清楚 in hospital(生病住院)和in the hospital(在医院)的区别 (6)in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。如:in English,in the hat (7)in the tree 表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree 表示“在树上(为树本身所 有)”。如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. (8)in the wall 表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall 表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。 如:There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 二.介词常考点 考点一:表示时间的介词 介词 用法 示例 in in年in月in季节,in早in晚in下午 in2024,in the 20th century, in August, in spring, in the morning/evening/afternoon in + 一段时间表示“在(多久)之后”,常用在一般将来时,用how soon提问 She will come back in three days. on on周on日on具体,on加形容词修饰的时间 on Sunday, on May 1st , on Sunday morning, on a rainy morning at at加具体的时刻,正午夜里和黎明 at seven o’clock,at night/noon/dawn after after + 时间点表示“在……之后”,常用于一般将来时 I will call you after 8 o’clock. after + 一段时间,常用于一般过去时 After three days, he left the town. before 表示“在……之前” Please take a shower before going to bed. during 表示“在……期间” We enjoyed ourselves during the summer vocation. from 说明开始的时间,可用于过去、现在、将来的时态,from...to... We go to school from Monday to Friday. for for + 一段时间,持续一段时间,指动作延续贯穿整个过程,多用于完成时,用how long提问 I have learnt English for four years. since since + 时间点/时间段+ago/一般过去的句子,表示起始时间,指从某时一直延续至今,用于完成时,用how long 提问 He has lived here since 1978. until 意为“直到……为止”,谓语动词为延续性动词;用于否定句(not...until)时,意为“直到…才”,谓语动词为瞬间动词 I will work here until 6 o’clock. I didn’t go to bed until my mother came home yesterday. 考点二:表示地点或方位的介词 介词 用法 示例 at 表示“在某一点位置或具体位置(范围小) at the library, at the crossing, at the village in 表示“在某一个范围内(大地方)” in the classroom, in China 在某一个范围内 Zhuhai is in Guangdong. (广东内) on 两地接壤 The Pacific is on the east of China.(中国接壤) to 两地相隔 Japan is to the east of China.(中国范围外) between 在两者之间 between...and... I sit between Jane and Mary. among 在(三者或以上)之中 The song is very popular among teenagers. across 表面横过,如过桥、过河、过马路 Be careful while walking across the street. through 内部穿过,如穿过森林、门、玻璃、隧道 The light goes into the room through the window. past 侧面经过、路过 Please call me when walking past my house. on 表示“在…的表面上”,两者有接触 There is a book on the desk. over 表示“在…的正上方”,多暗示悬空,反义词为under There is a bridge over the river. above 表示“在…的上方”,但不一定在正上方, 也不接触另一物,反义词为be1ow There is a bird f1ying above the bridge. below 表示“在…的下方” Please do not write below this 1ine. under 表示“在…的正下方” There is a book under the desk. in a car/on the train 考点三:表示手段、工具或方式的介词 介词 用法 举例 by 接某种具体的方法、手段或交通工具 by selling flowers, by bike,by hand in 接语言、声音、颜色、材料 in English, in a low voice,in red, in black ink,in pencil with 接某种具体的工具或身体的某部分 write with a pen, see with our eyes on 接表示交通工具、手段、通讯方式 on the train, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV, on computers, through 表示“以,通过,经由” through hard work 注意:在表示手段时,by, through, with有时也可互换,但with 的意思更明确 Through / By / with her efforts, she succeeded in making so many useful, inventions. 考点四:其他常用介词 介词 用法 示例 except 表示“除……之外,其余都”(指从整体中排除,不包含在内) We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. besides 表示“除……之外,还有”(包含在内) They also study maths, Chinese besides English. but 表示“除了…什么也没有”,只能用于everyone/ everything/ nothing等不定代词后 There is nothing to do but do have no choice but to do There is nothing but a chair in the room. against 反对,对抗,常用play against(与…对抗或比赛),be strongly against(强烈反对) Who are you going to play against ? beyond 表示“超出,多于”,修饰范围、水平、限度和能力等 The problem is far beyond me. I’m afraid I can’t work it out. as 表示“当作;作为,以…身份”,后接表示职业、身份的名词 As a student, we should get to school on time. like 表示“像…一样”,用于说明相似关系 Ling Feng jumped like a monkey. with “和,同,与…”,表带着、具有、伴随 China is a country with long history. I often go shopping with my mother. without 表示“没有” I can’t finish the task without your help. along 沿着 He walked up and down along the street. around 周围;大约(后接数字) She looked at the papers around her. from 表示时间、方位、场所(从…) from today to tomorrow; from school to hospital 表示来自 a letter from Jim for 表示目的,为了;表示原因,因为;对某人来说 go for a walk;We could hardly see for the fog.(表示原因) of 表示所属关系,...的 This is a friend of mine. 考点五:介词用法注意事项 1.当介词后面跟动词或动词短语时,动词必须用它的-ing形式。如: She is good at drawing. 她擅长画画。 He is very interested in playing computer games. 他对玩电脑游戏很感兴趣。 2. 在表示时间时,通常要用介词,但含有next, last, this, one, every, all的词组以及today, yesterday, tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow等就不用介词。如: 在下星期要说next week,而不能说 in next week 考点六:固定搭配 be angry with be busy with be popular with be filled with=be full of be afraid of be proud of=take pride in be interested in be talented in be good at=do well in be late for be ready for be famous for/as be excited about be worried about be amazed at be different from be born with be good with/for/to be patient with sb. be close to be far from be similar to be crazy about feel like doing look after=take care of =care for stop/ prevent/keep…from spend…(in)doing prefer…to… be used to doing 习惯于 look forward to doing pay attention to doing 知识点一:用at的 at night 在夜间 at a time 一次 at noon 在中午 at the beginning 在…开始时 at the same time 同时 at the age of 在…岁时 at the moment 此刻;现在 at the bottom of 在…底部 at once 立刻;马上 at the end of … 在…结束时,在…末端 at first 首先;起初;当初 at school/ home/ work 上学/在家/ 上班 at last 最后,终于 at the gate 在门口 at least 至少 at table/ the table 吃饭/ 在桌旁 at the bus stop 在公共汽车站 at Tom’s 在汤姆家 at the doctor’s 在医生的诊所 at the foot/ bottom of mountain 在山脚下 知识点二:用in的 in the middle/centre of 在…中间 in (the) front (of) 在…前面 in class 上课时 in hospital 住院 in the corner of 在(室内的)角落 in place of 代替 in bed 躺着 in turn 轮流 in spite of 尽管 in the world 在世界上 in a hurry 匆忙地 in surprise 惊奇地 in the sun 在阳光下 in the open air 在露天;在户外 in danger 处于危险之中 in peace 安宁地 in time 及时 in the sky 在天空中 in the air 在空中 in the future 在将来 in future 今后 in space 在太空中 in person 亲自 in one’s opinion 某人看来;以某人的观点 in trouble 处于麻烦中 in English / Japanese 用英语/日语 in the end 最后 in red/ a red dress 穿红色衣服 in this way 用这种方法 in a way 在某种程度上 in fact 事实上 in many ways 在许多方面 in loud/ low/ strong 大声/小声/坚定地说 in the field/ park 在田/公园里 知识点三:用on的 on time 按时;准时 on the earth 在地球上 on one’s/ the way to 在去…的路上 on one’s way back from 在从…回去的路上 be on 上演(电影、表演) on the right/ left 在右边/左边 on one’s own 独自;自己 on the other side of 在…另一边 on the farm 在农场 on holiday 在度假 on TV/the radio/ the telephone/ the Internet 在电视上/收音机里/电话里/网上 on the corner of 在…的拐角处 on the edge of 处于…的边缘 on business 做生意;出差 on foot 步行 1.(2024·天津南开·二模)I can’t see the blackboard clearly because two tall boys sit ________ me. A.next to B.behind C.in front of D.on 2.(2024·天津和平·二模)Last Friday, we went camping in the countryside ________ Tony because he was ill. A.besides B.expect C.beside D.except 3.(2024·天津和平·一模)We should hang the food ________ the tree because bears can smell food ________ a long way away. A.on; from B.in; from C.on; for D.in; for 4.(2023·江苏宿迁·一模)A big earthquake shook Türkiye _______ 4:17 _______ February 6th, 2023. Many people lost their lives in this earthquake. A.at; on B.in; on C.on; at D.at; at 5.(2024·云南昆明·一模)The Chinese women’s table tennis team won the championship ______ February 24th, 2024. A.in B.on C.at D.for 二、完成句子 6.(2024·天津红桥·二模)我1995年离开学校,从那以后就在伦敦生活。 I left school in 1995, and I’ve lived in London . 7.(2024·天津河东·一模)人生正如一场旅行,我们应该好好享受它。 Life is a journey, so we should enjoy it. 8.(2023·天津河北·一模)卢浮宫是塞纳河旁一座美丽古老的宫殿。 The Louvre is in a beautiful old palace the River Seine. 9.(2023·天津滨海新·一模)就像在家,每个人都希望在整洁的教室里学习。 home, everyone would like to study in a clean classroom. 10.(2022·天津河东·二模)莉莉坐在芳芳的旁边。 Lily sits Fangfang. 11.(2021·天津南开·三模)玲玲坐在大明旁边。 Lingling sits Daming. 12.(2020·天津红桥·模拟预测)今天我迟到是由于下雨的缘故。 I was late the rain today. 三.语法填空 (2024深圳二模) The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. The Spring Equinox (春分), as 1 fourth term of the year starts on 20 March and ends on 3 April this year. On the day of the Spring Equinox, the Sun is directly above the equator (赤道). After the equinox, the Sun moves northwards, which results 2 longer daytime in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) and longer nights in the Southern Hemisphere. Here are three of the 3 (thing) you may not know about the Spring Equinox. Standing an egg upright 4 (be) a popular game across the country during the Spring Equinox since 4,000 years ago. People practise it 5 (celebrate) the coming of spring. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future. Eating spring vegetables during the Spring Equinox is a tradition in many places of China. Spring vegetables are seasonal vegetables 6 are different from place to place. The ancient teachings of the Chinese classic, Huangdi Neijing, suggest that people eat seasonal foods to help stay 7 (health) and bring good luck. 8 (usual), rewarding cattle is popular in the southern area of the Yangtze River. As the Spring Equinox comes, farm work starts, and the farmers and the cattle become busy. Farmers will reward cattle with sticky rice balls to express 9 (they) thanks. Meanwhile, to thank the birds for 10 (bring) signals for farm work and to wish them not to eat grains later in the year, people will also offer sacrifices to them. These are what the farmers often do to wish for the harvest of the coming year. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!15 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题01.冠词、名词、数词、介词精讲 冠词 一.冠词易错点 (1) a/an 的区分: 注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母 u 本身的音/ju:/,前面加a. 如.a useful book, a university, . a usual chair; 如果发以外的音, 前面加 an:如an unusual chair, an unimportant, an umbrella, 常考还有 an honest boy . a European country (2) 球类,棋类运动和三餐饭前不加 the play football ,play chess. have breakfast.西洋乐器前加 the play the violin,play the piano (3)高难度题 a“u” ;an“h” ;an “s” ;an “x” 二.冠词常考点 考点一 不定冠词a/an (一)不定冠词a/an的用法 用法 例句 首次提到某人或某物 I saw a bird in the tree. 泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物 A boy is waiting for a bus at the bus stop. a/an+单数名词,表示人或事物的某一种类 A plane goes faster than a train. 用于抽象名词前,使抽象名词具体化 Working with you is a great pleasure. A heavy rain fell this morning. 表示数量“一”,但数的概念没有one强烈 He has got an apple and a pear. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前,表示“每一” fifty kilometers an hour 用于序数词前,a+序数词,表示“又一;再一” This pear is very sweet and I want a second one. (二)不定冠词a和an的区别 a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a tiger,a European country,a university an用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an apple,an hour,an honest boy 注意 判断一个单词前用 a 还是 an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其首字母。如下所示: u开头的单词 发/ju:/时用a a university,a useful book 发/ʌ/时用an an umbrella,an unusual story,an unhappy boy 其他特殊:a European country;an hour;an honest (三)不定冠词a和an的固定搭配     考点二 定冠词 (一)定冠词the的用法 定冠词 the 与指示代词 this 和 that 同源,有“那(这)个”“那(这)些”的意思,但较弱,和名词连用,特指某个或某些人或物。 用法 例句 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)物(有限制性定语修饰) The man in a blue shirt is my uncle. 说话双方都知道的人或物 Please pass the sugar to me. 上文提到过的人或物 There is a boy over there and the boy is crying. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun is bigger than the moon. 用于序数词或形容词最高级前 He is the first one to be here. Who is the tallest? the+姓氏的复数形式,表示一家人或夫妇俩 The Whites are watching TV. the+形容词,表示一类人 the poor穷人the rich富人the young年轻人 用于表示被演奏的西洋乐器的名词前 play the piano/violin/guitar/drum 用于next,last,same,only等词前 She is the only child in her family. 用于某些普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall长城 the Yellow River黄河 the United States美国 用于表示方位的名词前 in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北部 on the right在右边 (二)定冠词the的固定搭配    考点三 零冠词 1.表示三餐;与play连用的球类、棋类和游戏;季节、月份、星期;语言;学科;颜色的名词前。 Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。 2.节日的名称前。 National Day国庆节 Children's Day儿童节 Dragon- Boat Festival 端午节 3.专有名词前或抽象名词、物质名同用来表示一般概念时。 Beijing is the capital of China. 4.不可数名词或复数名词表示泛指时 Bikes are useful. 5.名词前如果有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时。 Which book would you like? 6.家庭成员的名称、称呼语职位或头衔前。 Father is on business in Shanghai 7.在与by连用的交通工具名称前。 We often come to school by bus. 1.(2024·天津·中考真题)My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。 考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园,“garden”首字母发辅音音素,用a;第二处特指花园里的花,用定冠词the。故选A。 2.(2023·天津·中考真题)My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece. A.a; an B.a; 不填 C.an; a D.an; 不填 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我妈妈正在做一个苹果派,我想尝一口。 考查冠词用法。空一处泛指“一个苹果派”,且apple是以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an,可排除AB选项;空二是指“尝一块”,try a piece表示“尝一块”。故选C。 3.(2022·天津·中考真题)After ________ school, I bought ________ present for my mother. A./; a B.a; / C.a; the D.the; / 【答案】A 【详解】句意:放学后,我给妈妈买了一件礼物。 考查冠词辨析。after school“放学后”,固定搭配,故第一空不填。第二空指“一份礼物”,表泛指,且present是以辅音音素开头的单词,应填a,故选A。 4.(2021·天津·中考真题)This is ________ story of friendship. Let’s read ________ story together. A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a D.a; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这是一个关于友谊的故事。让我们一起读这个故事。 考查冠词用法。a不定冠词,表泛指,用在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用在以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。句中“story”为单数可数名词,以辅音音素开头,且为第一次提到,应用不定冠词a;第二空中“story”是第二次提到,应用定冠词the表示特指,故选D。 5.(2020·天津·中考真题)Lao She is ________ great writer. He’s especially famous for ________ play Teahouse. A.an; the B.a; the C.an; a D.a; an 【答案】B 【详解】句意:老舍是一位伟大的作家。他尤其因为话剧《茶馆》而出名。 考查冠词。a不定冠词,放在辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,放在元音音素开头的单词前; the定冠词,表特指。第一空表示泛指“一位”,great是辅音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词a。第二空表示特指“话剧《茶馆》”用定冠词the。故选B。 6.(2024·天津河西·二模)—Jenny, why not go for ________ picnic this Saturday? —Sounds great. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——珍妮,这个星期六为什么不去野餐呢?——听起来不错。 考查冠词的用法。根据“Jenny, why not go for ... picnic this Saturday?”可知,go for a picnic“去野餐”,固定短语。故选A。 7.(2024·天津武清·三模)We can have ________ lunch in the dining hall and then have ________ break. A.the; a B./; a C./; the D.a; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们可以在餐厅吃午饭,然后休息一下。 考查冠词。have lunch“吃午饭”,have a break“休息”,固定用法。故选B。 8.(2024·天津和平·三模)This is __________ map of our school. In the middle of the school is __________ office building. A.the; a B.a; / C./; an D.a; an 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这是一张我们学校的地图。在学校的中央是一栋办公楼。 考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指“一幅”我们学校的地图,map以辅音音素开头,不定冠词用a;第二空泛指“一栋”办公楼,office以元音音素开头,不定冠词用an。故选D。 9.(2024·天津·二模)Look, there’s ______ notice. It says, “Help! Protect ______ animals in danger.” A.a; an B.an; 不填 C.an; a D.a; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意:看,有个公告牌。上面写着:“救命!保护处于危险中的动物。” 考查冠词。a冠词,泛指数量一,用在读音以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;an冠词,泛指数量一,用在读音以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前;the定冠词,表示特指。第一个空格表示有个公告牌,表示泛指,notice首字母发辅音音素,用a;第二个空格表特指,用the,特指那些处于危险之中的动物。故选D。 10.(2024·天津红桥·二模)Stonehenge is _________ ancient circle of stones in _________ south of England. A.an; the B.an; 不填 C.a; the D.a; a 【答案】A 【详解】句意:巨石阵是英格兰南部的一个古老的石头圈。 考查冠词的用法。根据“Stonehenge is…ancient circle of stones”可知,此处表示泛指,应该填一个不定冠词,ancient以元音音素开头,不定冠词an符合题意。in the south of“在……的南部”,固定短语。故选A。 11.(2024·天津南开·二模)________ best time to visit New England in a year is in _______ September. A./; the B.A; / C.A; the D.The; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意:一年中参观新英格兰最好的时候是在九月。 考查冠词。the这个,特指;a一个,泛指。根据“best time”可知,是最好的时间,形容词最高级前加定冠词the;根据“in… September”可知,是在9月,月份前不加任何冠词。故选D。 12.(2024·天津河北·二模)Paper cutting is ________ art form with ________ long history in China. A.a; the B.a; an C.an; a D.an; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意:剪纸在中国是一种历史悠久的艺术形式。 考查冠词。分析句子可知,两个空都表示泛指,art以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an;long以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故选C。 13.(2024·天津河东·二模)There are ______ days in a week and Tuesday is ______ day of the week. A.seven; the third B.seven; third C.seventh; three D.the seventh; three 【答案】A 【详解】句意:一周有七天,星期二是一周中的第三天。 考查数词。第一个空表示“七天”,表示数量用基数词seven,排除CD;第二个空表示“第三天”,用序数词third,序数词前加定冠词the。故选A。 14.(2024·天津西青·二模)I want to go on ________ trip with my family in ________ summer holiday. A.a; a B.a; the C.an; the D.the; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我想在暑假和我的家人去旅行。 考查冠词用法。第一空泛指一场旅行,trip以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a,go on a trip“去旅行”;第二空特指即将到来的暑假,应用定冠词the。故选B。 15.(2024·天津和平·二模)Cambridge is on ________ River Cam and has ________ population of about 120, 000. A.the; a B.a; a C.the; the D.a; / 【答案】A 【详解】句意:剑桥位于凯姆河畔,人口约12万。 考查冠词的用法。第一空由普通名词构成的专有名词前加定冠词the,第二空固定用法,have a population of…“有……人口”。故选A。 16.(2024·天津·一模)Jerry is eating _______ ice cream in _______ sun. A.an; the B.an; / C.a; the D.a; a 【答案】A 【详解】句意:杰瑞正在阳光下吃一个冰激凌。 考查冠词。the定冠词,表特指;a不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的词前;an不定冠词表泛指,用于元音音素开头的词前。分析第一处可知,此处表泛指“一个冰激凌”,又因为ice首字母发元音,所以用an;结合句意,分析第二处可知,考查in the sun“在阳光下”,所以用the。故选A。 17.(2024·天津滨海新·一模)Fangfang enjoys playing ________ piano and listening to ________ music as well. A./; the B./; / C.the; / D.the; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意:芳芳喜欢弹钢琴,也喜欢听音乐。 考查冠词的用法。the这个,定冠词,表特指;/零冠词。根据“playing...piano”和“listening to...music”可知,play与乐器类名词连用时,乐器类名词前要加定冠词the,piano“钢琴”为乐器,play the piano表示“弹钢琴”,排除A和B,music为不可数名词,此处是芳芳喜欢听音乐,为泛指,其前不用冠词。故选C。 18.(2024·天津西青·一模)—Hello! Is there ________ underground station near here? —Yes. Look! ________ station is on the left. A.a; The B.a; A C.an; The D.an; A 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你好!这附近有一个地铁站吗?——是的。看!那个车站在左边。 考查冠词用法。a一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词表特指。第一空泛指“一个”车站,其后undergrond为元音音素开头,所以选填an;第二空特指前文提到的地铁站,选填定冠词the。故选C。 19.(2024·天津河北·一模)Beijing is ________ capital city of China. It’s ________ ancient city full of places of interest. A.a; an B.a; the C.the; a D.the; an 【答案】D 【详解】句意:北京是中国的首都。它是一个充满名胜古迹的古老的城市。 考查冠词。第一空,根据句意“北京是中国的首都”可知此处特指中国的首都城市,故应用定冠词the;第二空,根据句意“它是一个充满名胜古迹的古老的城市”可知此处泛指“一个古老的城市”,故应用不定冠词,由于ancient音标中以元音音素开头,故此处应用不定冠词an。故选D。 20.(2024·江苏扬州·一模)Paris, a romantic city, is chosen to be ________ host of the 2024 Olympic Games. A.a B.an C./ D.the 【答案】D 【详解】句意:巴黎,一个浪漫的城市,被选为2024年奥运会的主办城市。 考查冠词辨析。a一个,不定冠词,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,不定冠词,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;/零冠词;the定冠词,表特指。根据“host of the 2024 Olympic Games.”可知,2024年奥运会主办城市,表示特指。故选D。 21.(2024·天津河东·一模)Lucy is ________ honest girl and ________ good friend of mine. A.a; the B.the; an C.a; an D.an; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意:露西是一个诚实的女孩,也是我的一个好朋友。 考查冠词的用法。a不定冠词,表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。第一空泛指“一个诚实的女孩”,honest以元音音素开头,所以前面应该用an;第二空泛指“我的一个好朋友”,good以辅音音素开头,所以前面应该用a。故选D。 名词 一.名词易错点 (1) 单复数特殊变化: 男man-men、女woman-women、脚 foot-feet、牙tooth-teeth、鹅 goose-geese、孩子child-children、 people(可数名词),sheep, deer(鹿)fish 单复数同形。 中日不变,英法变,其余后面加s Americans,Germans (2) 名词的复数重心转移: This is an old pair of shoes. I want a new pair . (3) 带性别的复合词组: 有woman 和man两个表示性别的词做定语修饰后面的名词时变复数,两者同时变复数。Two women(变)doctors(变),two men teachers 二.名词常考点 考点一 可数名词的复数形式 1. 规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s pen—pens; doctor—doctors; map—maps 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 加-es bus—buses; box—boxes; watch—watches; brush—brushes 以辅音字母加 y 结尾 将 y 变为 I 再加-es factory—factories; family—families 以 o 结尾 有生命的加-es hero—heroes; potato—potatoes; tomato—tomatoes 巧记:英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。 无生命的加-s photo—photos; radio—radios; piano—pianos;zoo-zoos 以 f 或 fe 结尾 将 f 或 fe 变为 v 再加-es 树叶(leaf—leaves)半数(half—halves)自己(self-selves)黄;妻子(wife—wives)拿刀(knife—knives)去杀狼(wolf—wolves);架(shelf—shelves)后小偷(thief—thieves)逃命(life—lives)忙。 2. 不规则变化 (1) 字母变化: man—men; woman—women; child—children; foot—feet; tooth—teeth; goose—geese; mouse—mice (2) 单复数相同:sheep—sheep; deer—deer; fish—fish 注意:fish 强调鱼的条数的时候,单复数同形;强调鱼的种类的时候,复数形式要加-es,即 fishes。 (3) 某国人变复数的歌诀:中日不变英法变,其余国家加s。 Chinese—Chinese; Japanese—Japanese; Englishman—Englishmen; Frenchman---Frenchmen; American—Americans;German---Germans (4) 有些名词本身是复数形式,如:clothes; pants; trousers; jeans; shorts; glasses; people 等。 注意:people 当“人们”讲时,本身是复数形式;当“民族”讲时,是单数形式,其复数要在末尾加-s。a people; 56 peoples 3. 复合名词的数 (1) 一般情况下把后面一个名词变为复数,作定语的名词不变。 a girl student—five girl students; an apple tree—ten apple trees (2) 由 man 和 woman 构成的复合名词,变复数时要把名词和 man/ woman 同时变为复数。 a man doctor—three men doctors; a woman teacher—six women teachers (3) sport 作定语修饰其他名词时,无论主题词是单数还是复数,sport 通常用复数形式 a sports club; sports shoes 考点二 不可数名词 1. 不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词 a/ an 修饰,但可用 much, a lot of / lots of, plenty of, some, little, a little 等修饰。 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 There is some tea in the cup. 茶杯里有些茶。 2. 不可数名词还常用“数词/ 不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示不可数名词的量。 a piece of paper 一张纸, two cups of tea 两杯茶,a glass of water 一玻璃杯水,three bottles of pop 三瓶汽水。 作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于 of 前面的量词的数。 There are three glasses of orange juice on the table. 桌子上有三杯橙汁。 常见的不可数名词: 类别 例词 饮食 milk;water;juice;tea;coffee;beer;soup;oil;beef;pork;rice;wheat;corn;bread;salt;cheese;butter 材料 gold;glass;silk;cotton;wool 自然 earth;light;sunshine;rain;snow;ice;grass;weather 抽象名词 advice;time;money;news;energy;work;knowledge;information;music;patience;help;fun 考点三 名词所有格 1. ’s 所有格 情况 方法 例子 单数名词 加 ’s my friend’s uncle 我朋友的叔叔 Father’s Day/Mother’s Day 不以 s 结尾的复数名词 加 ’s Children's Day 儿童节 以 s 结尾的复数名词 加 ’ Teachers’ Day 教师节 表示两人共有 在最后一个名词后加 ’s Lucy and Lily's mother 露西和莉莉的妈妈 表示各自所有 在各个名词后加 ’s Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间 2. of 所有格 主要用于表示无生命事物的所有关系。 the name of the film 电影的名字 the cover of the book 书的封面 3. 双重所有格 “名词+of+名词性物主代词/ 名词所有格”构成双重所有格形式。 a friend of hers 她的一个朋友 a friend of Mike's 迈克的一个朋友 1.(2024·天津·一模)All _______ received fresh flowers on Women's Day. A.woman teachers B.women teacher C.women teachers D.woman teacher 【答案】C 【详解】句意:所有的女老师们都在妇女节这天收到了鲜花。 考查复合名词复数的用法。根据句中“All”可知,此句主语应为复数,woman teacher表示“女教师”,其变化规则为两个名词都变成其复数形式。故选C。 2.(2023·天津河东·二模)—Who’s the old man in blue? —He’s __________ grandfather. A.Jim and Lily B.Jim’s and Lily C.Jim’s and Lily’s D.Jim and Lily’s 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——那位穿蓝色衣服的老人是谁?——他是吉姆和莉莉的爷爷。 考查名词所有格的用法。根据题意可知是一位老人,所以确定是吉姆和莉莉共同的爷爷,而不是他们各自的爷爷。名词所有格中表示两个人共同所有的,只需在后面一个名字加’s即可。故选D。 3.(2022·天津河北·一模)Tom runs six miles every morning, so he is in very excellent ________. A.suggestion B.condition C.tradition D.pollution 【答案】B 【详解】句意:汤姆每天早上跑六英里,所以他有好的健康状况。 考查名词辨析。suggestion建议;condition状况;tradition传统;pollution污染。根据“Tom runs six miles every morning”可知每天早上跑步应该是健康状况好。故选B。 4.(2022·江苏盐城·一模)— Dad, what is the loudspeaker saying? — It is to the _________. The flight to Beijing is checking tickets now. A.customers B.tourists C.members D.passengers 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——爸爸,扩音器在说什么?——是对乘客说的。去北京的航班正在验票。 考查名词辨析。customers顾客;tourists旅行者;members成员;passengers乘客。根据下文“The flight to Beijing is checking tickets now.”可知是航班在验票,所以应该是对乘客们说的。故选D。 5.(2021·天津河东·模拟预测)This bedroom is mine. That bedroom is ________. A.Jim’s and Tom’s B.Jim’s and Tom C.Jim and Tom’s D.Jim and Tom 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这间卧室是我的。那间卧室是吉姆和汤姆的。 考查名词所有格。此处表示所属关系,用名词所有格;再由“That bedroom”可知两人共用一个房间,用Jim and Tom’s表示“Jim和Tom的”。故选C。 6.(2021·天津·二模)Once a term, there is a ________ meeting, so our parents and teachers can talk about our progress. A.parents B.parent’s C.parents’ D.parent 【答案】C 【详解】句意:每学期有一次家长会,这样我们的家长和老师就可以讨论我们的进步。 考查名词所有格。此处指的是“家长们的会议”,名词parents“父母”要用所有格形式,以s结尾的所有格直接加’,故选C。 7.(2024·天津武清·三模)我们应该好好利用我们的零花钱。 We should make good use of our . 【答案】pocket money 【详解】pocket money“零花钱”,不可数名词。故填pocket money。 8.(2024·天津河西·二模)政府正在建设几个自然公园。 The government is setting up a few . 【答案】 nature parks 【详解】nature park表示“自然公园”,a few后接名词复数,nature park的复数为nature parks。故填nature;parks。 9.(2024·天津和平·三模)上下班高峰期时,交通堵塞随处可见。 There are always at rush hour. 【答案】 traffic jams 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“交通堵塞”,英语表达为traffic jam,动词为“are”,因此主语应用名词复数形式traffic jams。故填traffic;jams。 10.(2024·天津南开·二模)她的日常生活忙碌且多彩。 Her is busy but colorful. 【答案】 daily life 【详解】结合句意可知,挖空处表示的是“日常生活”,译为“daily life”,与前面的形容词性物主代词“Her”一起做句子的主语,谓语动词为“is”,是单数。故填daily;life。 11.(2024·天津和平·二模)有些孩子喜欢午餐吃热狗喝可乐。 Some children like eating and drinking cola for lunch. 【答案】 hot dogs 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,hot dog表示“热狗”,名词用复数表示泛指。故填hot;dogs。 12.(2024·天津滨海新·一模)我们学校有一个食堂和一个大操场。 There is a and a large playground in our school. 【答案】 dining hall 【详解】dining hall“食堂”,a修饰可数名词单数,故填dining;hall。 13.(2024·天津西青·一模)请好好使用你的零花钱。 Please make good use of your . 【答案】pocket money 【详解】对比中英文句子可知,空格处缺少“零花钱”的英文表达,pocket money“零花钱”为固定搭配。故填pocket money。 14.(2024·天津河东·一模)在你的日常生活中,制定一个健康的时间表是很重要的。 It is important to make a healthy schedule in your . 【答案】daily life 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空格处为“日常生活”daily life。故填daily life。 15.(2024·天津南开·一模)我们应该学习如何实施基本的急救。 We should learn how to do basic . 【答案】 first aid 【详解】由中英文对比可知,缺少“急救”,英文表达为first aid。故填first;aid。 16.(2024·天津和平·一模)我们都为小玛丽感到骄傲,因为她在钢琴比赛中获得了第一名。 We are all proud of little Mary because she won the in the piano competition. 【答案】 first place 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,the first place表示“第一名”。故填first;place。 17.(22-23九年级上·天津红桥·阶段练习)悉尼歌剧院像一艘巨大的帆船。 The Sydney Opera House is like a huge . 【答案】 sailing boat 【详解】根据汉语提示可知空格处表示的应是“帆船”,英语表达为sailing boat,且前面有a,故要用单数,故填sailing;boat。 18.(2023九年级·天津·专题练习)为了保护野生大熊猫,政府建立了许多自然公园。 In order to protect pandas in the wild, the government set up many . 【答案】 nature parks 【详解】nature park“自然公园”,根据many可知,park用复数形式,故填nature;parks。 19.(2023·天津和平·三模)不可能查出是谁帮了我们。 There is to find out who helped us. 【答案】impossibility 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空格处缺少“不可能”,其对应英文单词impossibility;根据“There is”可知空格处应用名词单数或不可数名词。故填impossibility。 20.(2023·天津南开·二模)她每天都给妈妈发短信。 She sends her mother a every day. 【答案】 text message 【详解】text message“短信”,根据a可知,message用单数形式,故填text;message。 21.(2023·天津南开·三模)儿童节那天我们每个人都会得到一份礼物。 Everyone of us can get a present on . 【答案】 Children’s Day 【详解】中英文对照可知,句子缺“儿童节”的英文表达;Children’s Day“儿童节”,专有名词,首字母需大写;on Children’s Day“在儿童节那天”。故填Children’s;Day。 22.(2023·天津南开·三模)地球是太阳系中的一颗行星。 The earth is one of the planets in the . 【答案】 solar system 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处应填“太阳系”,其英文表达为solar system。故填solar;system。 数词 一.数词易错点 1.three sixths= 3/6 2.three and three is six 3+3=6 3.I want a few more.还要一点 once more. 再来一遍 two books more 再来两本书 4.a quarter =1/4 three quarters / three fourths = 3/4 5.200 个 two hundred 几百个:hundreds of 二.数词常考点 考点一 基数词的构成 1. 1-12的基数词是独立的词:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。 2. 13-19的基数词以-teen结尾:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen。 3. 20-90的整十位数的基数词以-ty结尾:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety。 4. 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符“-” : twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three, sixty-five 5. 百位和十位或百位和个位之间加and : 365 — three hundred and sixty-five; 101— one hundred and one 6. 四位数以上的基数词:借用科学记数法,从后往前数,每三位数加“,”,第一个逗号为千(thousand);第二个逗号为百万(million),第三个逗号为十亿(billion)。如: 2, 009 two thousand and nine 54, 321 fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one 7, 654,321 seven million, six hundred and fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one 7.hundred, thousand, million, billion的特殊用法 用法 举例 说明 前面有基数词,用来修饰后面的名词表示精确数量时,本身不用复数形式,名词才用复数形式。 800 (eight hundred students ) 3, 000 ( three thousand trees) / 否则,在表示含糊数量时要用复数形式,并要与of连用。 hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上万 millions of 数百万计 billions of 数十亿的 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of前面可被many, several, a few修饰,如:many/several thousands of 成千上万的 考点二:基数词的用法 (1) 基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 Twenty of them are Young Pioneers. 他们当中有二十个是少先队员。 (2) 用于名词之后表示顺序编号。 Please open your books and turn to Page 28. 请打开书翻到第 28 页。 (3) 基数词可表示年份、时间(钟点)、电话号码、年龄等。 I was born on July 12, 1989. 我出生在 1989 年 7 月 12 日。 时刻表示法: 情况 顺读法 示例 整点 基数词(+o’clock) 9:00 nine(o’clock) 几点零几分 钟点数 + 分钟数 9:40 nine forty 情况 逆读法 示例 “几点过几分” 30分钟内(包括半小时) 用介词past 9:10 ten(minutes) past nine 9:30 half past nine 9:15 a quarter past nine “几点差几分” 30分钟以外 用介词to 9:50 ten(minutes) to ten 9:45 a quarter to ten (4) 表示“世纪年代”,用“in + the +基数词复数”。 in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代 (5) in one's+整十的基数词复数表示“在某人……多岁时”。 The old woman is in her nineties. 这位老太太九十多岁了。 (6) “数词+连字符+单数名词”或“数词+连字符+单数名词+连字符+形容词”构成复合形容词作定语。 We have a seven-day holiday in October. 在 10 月我们有一个 7 天的假期。 She is an eight-year-old Chinese girl. 她是一个 8 岁的中国女孩。 (7)倍数表示法:一倍once;两倍twice;三倍或三倍以上:基数词+times 用法 举例 表示“是……几倍”: 倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as The room is three times as big as that one. “比……大几倍”: 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than The room is three times bigger than that one. 考点三 :序数词的构成及用法 1.基数词变序数词 口诀巧记:“一、二、三,特殊记(first/second/third);八去t(eighth),九去e(ninth);ve要用f替(fifth/twelfth);ty变为tie,再加th别忘记(twentieth);若是遇到几十几 ,只变个位就可以。” 数字 基数词 序数词 缩略式 数字 基数词 序数词 缩略式 1 one first 1st 15 fifteen fifteenth 15th 2 two second 2nd 16 sixteen sixteenth 16th 3 three third 3rd 17 seventeen seventeenth 17th 4 four fourth 4th 18 eighteen eighteenth 18th 5 five fifth 5th 19 nineteen nineteenth 19th 6 six sixth 6th 20 twenty twentieth 20th 7 seven seventh 7th 30 thirty thirtieth 30th 8 eight eighth 8th 40 forty fortieth 40th 9 nine ninth 9th 50 fifty fiftieth 50th 10 ten tenth 10th 60 sixty sixtieth 60th 11 eleven eleventh 11th 70 seventy seventieth 70th 12 twelve twelfth 12th 80 eighty eightieth 80th 13 thirteen thirteenth 13th 90 ninety ninetieth 90th 14 fourteen fourteenth 14th 100 a hundred hundredth 100th 2.序数词的用法 用法 举例 (1) 日期用序数词来表示 May 1st 五月一日;September 10th 九月十日 (2) 一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用 Tom is the first child of the family. Tom is his first child. (2) 与a/ an连用时,表示数量上“又一” “再一” Though he failed twice, he would like to have a third time. (3) 表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母要用复数 1/4 写作 one fourth 或 one quarter 1/2 写作 one second 或 a half 2/3 写作 two thirds 3/4 写作 three fourths 或 three quarters (4) 分数作主语时,谓语动词要根据分数后的名词来确定,如果是不可数名词就要用单数,是可数名词则用复数 One third of the students have been to the Great Wall. Four fifths of the water is drunk by the children. 1.(2024·天津河东·二模)There are ______ days in a week and Tuesday is ______ day of the week. A.seven; the third B.seven; third C.seventh; three D.the seventh; three 【答案】A 【详解】句意:一周有七天,星期二是一周中的第三天。 考查数词。第一个空表示“七天”,表示数量用基数词seven,排除CD;第二个空表示“第三天”,用序数词third,序数词前加定冠词the。故选A。 2.(2024·天津·一模)—What day is it today? —It is Wednesday, and it’s my _______ birthday. A.sixteen B.the sixteenth C.sixteenth D.the sixteen 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——今天是星期几?——今天是星期三,是我十六岁的生日。 考查序数词。sixteen十六;sixteenth第十六。根据“it’s my...birthday”可知,此处应是表示今天是“我”十六岁的生日,空处应用序数词sixteenth,表顺序,且序数词前有形容词性物主代词my,此时序数词前无需加the。故选C。 3.(2023九年级·天津·专题练习)Everybody knows that the earth is home to ________ animals. A.million B.millions C.million of D.millions of 【答案】D 【详解】句意:每个人都知道地球是数百万动物的家园。 考查数词的用法。million“百万”,数词,表示具体数字时,空前有基数词,且不用变复数;表示概数时,与of连用,且million要用复数形式;根据题干,此处表示概数,故应用millions of,意为“数百万”。故选D。 4.(2023·天津河东·二模)The writer I admire most is Shakespeare. A book says that ________ of his plays were written in his ________. A.one third; fifties B.one third; fifty C.one thirds; fifties D.one thirds; fifty 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我最欣赏的作家是莎士比亚。一本书说,他的三分之一的剧本是在50多岁时写的。 考查分数的表达和年龄段表达。分数的表达:基数词+序数词,基数词为分子,序数词为分母,当分子大于一时,分母加s,排除C选项和D选项。表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄,用“in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数”来表达。in one’s fifties表示“在某人五十几岁时”。故选A。 5.(2023·天津河东·一模)Teahouse has three acts and shows the lives of common people in China from the end of ________ century to the middle of ________ century. A.the nineteenth, twentieth B.the nineteenth, the twentieth C.nineteen, twenty D.nineteenth, the twentieth 【答案】B 【详解】句意:《茶馆》有三幕,展示了从十九世纪末到二十世纪中期中国普通大众的生活。 考查序数词。表示“某世纪”是“the+序数词+century”,序数词前加the表示的是特指的十九世纪的末期和二十世纪的中期。故选B。 6.(2023·天津和平·一模)—About ________ of the children ________ homeless after the earthquake. —Yes, we should help them rebuild the houses. A. three fourths; was B.three fourth; were C.three fourths; were D.three fourth; was 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——在地震后大约四分之三的孩子是无家可归的。——是的,我们应该帮助他们重建家园。 考查分数以及主谓一致。第一个空是分数,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母用复数,故“四分之三”的英文表达为three fourths,排除BD;根据“of the children”可知谓语动词用复数,be动词用were。故选C。 二、完成句子 7.(2023·天津西青·二模)每天成百上千的人去失物招领处。 people go to lost and found office every day. 【答案】 Hundreds of 【详解】hundreds of“成百上千”,句首的首字母要大写。故填Hundreds;of。 8.(2023·天津河北·一模)珍妮喜欢阅读,她每年买成百上千本书。 Jenny likes reading and she buys books every year. 【答案】 hundreds of 【详解】成百的:hundreds of,修饰名词复数。故填hundreds;of。 9.(2023·天津河西·一模)这个大教室里有好几百名学生。 There are students in the big classroom. 【答案】 hundreds of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处应填“好几百”,应用hundreds of来表示。故填hundreds;of。 10.(2023·天津和平·一模)托尼在写作比赛中赢得了第一名。 Tony has won in the writing competition. 【答案】 first place 【详解】first place“第一名”,在动词后作宾语,故填first;place。 11.(2022·天津·二模)在2012年,刘翔回到了国际110米栏赛第一的位置。 Liu Xiang returned to the in the world 110m hurdles race in 2012. 【答案】 first place 【详解】空处缺少“第一的位置”;“第一”first,常与定冠词the连用;“位置”place,被the first修饰,应用单数形式。故填first;place。 介词 一.介词易错点 (1) 介词+doing 介词+ 代词宾格形式 Neither of us is late. The book is for you. The knife is used for cutting things. Tom is sitting between him and me.(禁用“I” ) 关联记忆:介意 Mind + doing Would you mind my smoking here? (2) on in at 的用法: 表时间:on(天优先,只要涉及天的概念就用 on) in(时段) at (时刻) ;on the morning of April 1st. on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜晚 at the same time (3) 表伴随: with / without ,或 doing She is a girl with long hair. She is a girl wearing a new dress. (4)表方式: by bike,on foot 没有冠词“a”或名词复数 What time is it by your watch. . The boss pays us by week. He beat her with a book.(with 后要带 a 或复数) speak in English Write in ink (5)介词(不加 the)+名词 at table 在桌旁,且在吃饭(两层意思)at the table 在桌旁,具体干什么不清楚 in hospital(生病住院)和in the hospital(在医院)的区别 (6)in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。如:in English,in the hat (7)in the tree 表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree 表示“在树上(为树本身所 有)”。如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. (8)in the wall 表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall 表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。 如:There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 二.介词常考点 考点一:表示时间的介词 介词 用法 示例 in in年in月in季节,in早in晚in下午 in2024,in the 20th century, in August, in spring, in the morning/evening/afternoon in + 一段时间表示“在(多久)之后”,常用在一般将来时,用how soon提问 She will come back in three days. on on周on日on具体,on加形容词修饰的时间 on Sunday, on May 1st , on Sunday morning, on a rainy morning at at加具体的时刻,正午夜里和黎明 at seven o’clock,at night/noon/dawn after after + 时间点表示“在……之后”,常用于一般将来时 I will call you after 8 o’clock. after + 一段时间,常用于一般过去时 After three days, he left the town. before 表示“在……之前” Please take a shower before going to bed. during 表示“在……期间” We enjoyed ourselves during the summer vocation. from 说明开始的时间,可用于过去、现在、将来的时态,from...to... We go to school from Monday to Friday. for for + 一段时间,持续一段时间,指动作延续贯穿整个过程,多用于完成时,用how long提问 I have learnt English for four years. since since + 时间点/时间段+ago/一般过去的句子,表示起始时间,指从某时一直延续至今,用于完成时,用how long 提问 He has lived here since 1978. until 意为“直到……为止”,谓语动词为延续性动词;用于否定句(not...until)时,意为“直到…才”,谓语动词为瞬间动词 I will work here until 6 o’clock. I didn’t go to bed until my mother came home yesterday. 考点二:表示地点或方位的介词 介词 用法 示例 at 表示“在某一点位置或具体位置(范围小) at the library, at the crossing, at the village in 表示“在某一个范围内(大地方)” in the classroom, in China 在某一个范围内 Zhuhai is in Guangdong. (广东内) on 两地接壤 The Pacific is on the east of China.(中国接壤) to 两地相隔 Japan is to the east of China.(中国范围外) between 在两者之间 between...and... I sit between Jane and Mary. among 在(三者或以上)之中 The song is very popular among teenagers. across 表面横过,如过桥、过河、过马路 Be careful while walking across the street. through 内部穿过,如穿过森林、门、玻璃、隧道 The light goes into the room through the window. past 侧面经过、路过 Please call me when walking past my house. on 表示“在…的表面上”,两者有接触 There is a book on the desk. over 表示“在…的正上方”,多暗示悬空,反义词为under There is a bridge over the river. above 表示“在…的上方”,但不一定在正上方, 也不接触另一物,反义词为be1ow There is a bird f1ying above the bridge. below 表示“在…的下方” Please do not write below this 1ine. under 表示“在…的正下方” There is a book under the desk. in a car/on the train 考点三:表示手段、工具或方式的介词 介词 用法 举例 by 接某种具体的方法、手段或交通工具 by selling flowers, by bike,by hand in 接语言、声音、颜色、材料 in English, in a low voice,in red, in black ink,in pencil with 接某种具体的工具或身体的某部分 write with a pen, see with our eyes on 接表示交通工具、手段、通讯方式 on the train, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV, on computers, through 表示“以,通过,经由” through hard work 注意:在表示手段时,by, through, with有时也可互换,但with 的意思更明确 Through / By / with her efforts, she succeeded in making so many useful, inventions. 考点四:其他常用介词 介词 用法 示例 except 表示“除……之外,其余都”(指从整体中排除,不包含在内) We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. besides 表示“除……之外,还有”(包含在内) They also study maths, Chinese besides English. but 表示“除了…什么也没有”,只能用于everyone/ everything/ nothing等不定代词后 There is nothing to do but do have no choice but to do There is nothing but a chair in the room. against 反对,对抗,常用play against(与…对抗或比赛),be strongly against(强烈反对) Who are you going to play against ? beyond 表示“超出,多于”,修饰范围、水平、限度和能力等 The problem is far beyond me. I’m afraid I can’t work it out. as 表示“当作;作为,以…身份”,后接表示职业、身份的名词 As a student, we should get to school on time. like 表示“像…一样”,用于说明相似关系 Ling Feng jumped like a monkey. with “和,同,与…”,表带着、具有、伴随 China is a country with long history. I often go shopping with my mother. without 表示“没有” I can’t finish the task without your help. along 沿着 He walked up and down along the street. around 周围;大约(后接数字) She looked at the papers around her. from 表示时间、方位、场所(从…) from today to tomorrow; from school to hospital 表示来自 a letter from Jim for 表示目的,为了;表示原因,因为;对某人来说 go for a walk;We could hardly see for the fog.(表示原因) of 表示所属关系,...的 This is a friend of mine. 考点五:介词用法注意事项 1.当介词后面跟动词或动词短语时,动词必须用它的-ing形式。如: She is good at drawing. 她擅长画画。 He is very interested in playing computer games. 他对玩电脑游戏很感兴趣。 2. 在表示时间时,通常要用介词,但含有next, last, this, one, every, all的词组以及today, yesterday, tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow等就不用介词。如: 在下星期要说next week,而不能说 in next week 考点六:固定搭配 be angry with be busy with be popular with be filled with=be full of be afraid of be proud of=take pride in be interested in be talented in be good at=do well in be late for be ready for be famous for/as be excited about be worried about be amazed at be different from be born with be good with/for/to be patient with sb. be close to be far from be similar to be crazy about feel like doing look after=take care of =care for stop/ prevent/keep…from spend…(in)doing prefer…to… be used to doing 习惯于 look forward to doing pay attention to doing 知识点一:用at的 at night 在夜间 at a time 一次 at noon 在中午 at the beginning 在…开始时 at the same time 同时 at the age of 在…岁时 at the moment 此刻;现在 at the bottom of 在…底部 at once 立刻;马上 at the end of … 在…结束时,在…末端 at first 首先;起初;当初 at school/ home/ work 上学/在家/ 上班 at last 最后,终于 at the gate 在门口 at least 至少 at table/ the table 吃饭/ 在桌旁 at the bus stop 在公共汽车站 at Tom’s 在汤姆家 at the doctor’s 在医生的诊所 at the foot/ bottom of mountain 在山脚下 知识点二:用in的 in the middle/centre of 在…中间 in (the) front (of) 在…前面 in class 上课时 in hospital 住院 in the corner of 在(室内的)角落 in place of 代替 in bed 躺着 in turn 轮流 in spite of 尽管 in the world 在世界上 in a hurry 匆忙地 in surprise 惊奇地 in the sun 在阳光下 in the open air 在露天;在户外 in danger 处于危险之中 in peace 安宁地 in time 及时 in the sky 在天空中 in the air 在空中 in the future 在将来 in future 今后 in space 在太空中 in person 亲自 in one’s opinion 某人看来;以某人的观点 in trouble 处于麻烦中 in English / Japanese 用英语/日语 in the end 最后 in red/ a red dress 穿红色衣服 in this way 用这种方法 in a way 在某种程度上 in fact 事实上 in many ways 在许多方面 in loud/ low/ strong 大声/小声/坚定地说 in the field/ park 在田/公园里 知识点三:用on的 on time 按时;准时 on the earth 在地球上 on one’s/ the way to 在去…的路上 on one’s way back from 在从…回去的路上 be on 上演(电影、表演) on the right/ left 在右边/左边 on one’s own 独自;自己 on the other side of 在…另一边 on the farm 在农场 on holiday 在度假 on TV/the radio/ the telephone/ the Internet 在电视上/收音机里/电话里/网上 on the corner of 在…的拐角处 on the edge of 处于…的边缘 on business 做生意;出差 on foot 步行 1.(2024·天津南开·二模)I can’t see the blackboard clearly because two tall boys sit ________ me. A.next to B.behind C.in front of D.on 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我看不清黑板,因为两个高个子男孩坐在我前面。 考查介词辨析。next to在……旁边;behind在……后面; in front of在……前面(外部);on在……上面。根据“I can’t see the blackboard clearly”可知看不清黑板,高个子男孩应是挡在了前面。故选C。 2.(2024·天津和平·二模)Last Friday, we went camping in the countryside ________ Tony because he was ill. A.besides B.expect C.beside D.except 【答案】D 【详解】句意:上周五,我们去乡下露营了,除了托尼,因为他病了。 考查介词辨析。besides除了,包括在内;expect期待;beside在……旁边;except除了,排除在外。根据“we went camping in the countryside…Tony because he was ill”可知,此处指除了Tony,“我们”去乡下露营了,因为Tony生病了,不包括Tony,应填介词except“除了”。故选D。 3.(2024·天津和平·一模)We should hang the food ________ the tree because bears can smell food ________ a long way away. A.on; from B.in; from C.on; for D.in; for 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们应该把食物挂在树上,因为熊可以从很远的地方闻到食物的味道。 考查介词辨析。on在……上;in在……里;from来自;for为了。根据“the food”和“the tree”可知,食物不是生长在树上的,因此用介词短语in the tree表示“在树上”;from a long way away表示“从很远的地方”。故选B。 4.(2023·江苏宿迁·一模)A big earthquake shook Türkiye _______ 4:17 _______ February 6th, 2023. Many people lost their lives in this earthquake. A.at; on B.in; on C.on; at D.at; at 【答案】A 【详解】句意:在2023年2月6日4时17分,土耳其发生了大地震。许多人在地震中丧生。 考查介词辨析。在具体的某一个时刻前用介词at;在具体的某一天前用介词on;在年份,月份,季节前及泛指的早上,下午或晚上前用介词in。“4:17”是具体时刻,应用at;“February 6th”是具体的某一天,应用on。故选A。 5.(2024·云南昆明·一模)The Chinese women’s table tennis team won the championship ______ February 24th, 2024. A.in B.on C.at D.for 【答案】B 【详解】句意:中国女子乒乓球队在2024年2月24日赢得了冠军。 考查介词辨析。in用于表示在某个月份、季节、年份或者一段时间内;on表示具体的某一天;at用于表示在某个具体的时间点;for后跟时间段。根据“February 24th, 2024.”可知,此处时间具体到某一天,应使用on。故选B。 二、完成句子 6.(2024·天津红桥·二模)我1995年离开学校,从那以后就在伦敦生活。 I left school in 1995, and I’ve lived in London . 【答案】 since then 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺少“从那以后”,其对应的英文表达是since then。故填since;then。 7.(2024·天津河东·一模)人生正如一场旅行,我们应该好好享受它。 Life is a journey, so we should enjoy it. 【答案】just like 【详解】此处应用介词like表示“像”,副词just表示强调,意为“正”,所以空格处用just like表示“正如”。故填just like。 8.(2023·天津河北·一模)卢浮宫是塞纳河旁一座美丽古老的宫殿。 The Louvre is in a beautiful old palace the River Seine. 【答案】 next to 【详解】由中英文对比可知,缺少“在……旁”;next to意为“在……近旁”,表示方位。故填next;to。 9.(2023·天津滨海新·一模)就像在家,每个人都希望在整洁的教室里学习。 home, everyone would like to study in a clean classroom. 【答案】 Just like 【详解】“就像”应用just like表示,其中just是副词,like是介词。故填Just;like。 10.(2022·天津河东·二模)莉莉坐在芳芳的旁边。 Lily sits Fangfang. 【答案】next to 【详解】由中英文对照可知,缺少“在旁边”;next to“紧挨,在旁边”,介词短语作状语。故填next to。 11.(2021·天津南开·三模)玲玲坐在大明旁边。 Lingling sits Daming. 【答案】 next to 【详解】在……旁边next to,表示地点方位,故填next;to。 12.(2020·天津红桥·模拟预测)今天我迟到是由于下雨的缘故。 I was late the rain today. 【答案】because of 【详解】此处表示原因,根据名词the rain判断用because of。故答案为because of。 三.语法填空 (2024深圳二模) The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. The Spring Equinox (春分), as 1 fourth term of the year starts on 20 March and ends on 3 April this year. On the day of the Spring Equinox, the Sun is directly above the equator (赤道). After the equinox, the Sun moves northwards, which results 2 longer daytime in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) and longer nights in the Southern Hemisphere. Here are three of the 3 (thing) you may not know about the Spring Equinox. Standing an egg upright 4 (be) a popular game across the country during the Spring Equinox since 4,000 years ago. People practise it 5 (celebrate) the coming of spring. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future. Eating spring vegetables during the Spring Equinox is a tradition in many places of China. Spring vegetables are seasonal vegetables 6 are different from place to place. The ancient teachings of the Chinese classic, Huangdi Neijing, suggest that people eat seasonal foods to help stay 7 (health) and bring good luck. 8 (usual), rewarding cattle is popular in the southern area of the Yangtze River. As the Spring Equinox comes, farm work starts, and the farmers and the cattle become busy. Farmers will reward cattle with sticky rice balls to express 9 (they) thanks. Meanwhile, to thank the birds for 10 (bring) signals for farm work and to wish them not to eat grains later in the year, people will also offer sacrifices to them. These are what the farmers often do to wish for the harvest of the coming year. 本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了中国传统二十四节气中的春分。 [答案]1.the 2.in 3.things 4.has been 5.to celebrate6.which/that 7.healthy 8.Usually 9.their 10.bringing [解析] 1.本题考查冠词。句意:春分,作为一年中的第四个节气,今年于3月20日开始,4月3日结束。根据“fourth”可知,应是第四个节气,序数词前填定冠词,故填the。 2.本题考查介词。句意:春分之后,太阳向北移动,导致北半球白天变长,南半球夜晚变长。根据“which results”以及“longer daytime in the Northern Hemisphere and longer nights in the Southern Hemisphere”可知,太阳北移会导致北半球白天变长,南半球夜晚变长,result in“导致”,故填in。 3.本题考查名词。句意:以下是关于春分你可能不知道的三件事。根据“Here are three of the”可知,设空处应填名词复数things,故填things。 4.本题考查时态。句意:从4000年前开始,在春分时节立蛋就成了全国各地流行的一种游戏。根据“a popular game across the country during the Spring Equinox since 4,000 years ago”可知,该句是现在完成时,且主语“Standing an egg upright”是单数,故填has been。 5.本题考查非谓语动词。句意:人们这样做来庆祝春天的到来。根据“the coming of spring”可知,是庆祝春天的到来,设空处作目的状语,填所给词的不定式形式to celebrate“庆祝”,故填to celebrate。 6.本题考查定语从句关系代词。句意:春天的蔬菜是时令蔬菜,各地不同。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词“seasonal vegetables”,先行词为物,关系代词在从句中作主语,因此关系代词填which/that。 7.本题考查形容词。句意:中国古典名著《黄帝内经》中的古老教义建议人们吃应季食物,以保持健康并带来好运。根据“stay”可知,后填形容词,stay healthy“保持健康”,故填healthy。 8.本题考查副词。句意:通常,犒赏牛在长江以南地区很流行。根据“rewarding cattle is popular in the southern area of the Yangtze River”可知,设空处要填副词,修饰整个句子,故填Usually。 9.本题考查代词。句意:农民们会用糯米团犒劳耕牛来表达他们的谢意。根据“express”以及“thanks”可知,应是表达他们的谢意,因此设空处填所给词的形容词性物主代词形式their,修饰名词thanks, 故填their。 10.本题考查动词的-ing形式。句意:同时,为了感谢鸟儿为农活带来的信号,并希望它们在今年晚些时候不要吃谷物,人们也会祭祀它们。设空处前为介词“for”,因此需填动词的-ing形式,故填bringing。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!15 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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