专题02 动词和动词短语（课件）-【上好课】2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

专 题 02 动词和动词短语 二轮复习讲练测 英 语 1 01 考情透视·目标导航 02 知识导图·思维引航 03 04 题型特训·命题预测 目录 CONTENTS 核心精讲·题型突破 第一部分 名词 2 01 考情透视·目标导航 考情分析 考点分布 动词的形式变化：涵盖原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。像一般现在时的第三人称单数变化、现在进行时的现在分词构成等，都是考查热点，常出现在语法填空、单词拼写这类题目中。动词分类及用法：实义动词（及物与不及物）、Be动词、助动词、情态动词。学生要掌握不同类别动词的用法，比如情态动词后接动词原形，及物动词可直接加宾语等，在单项选择、句型转换中会涉及。动词词组：常见类型有动词+介词、动词+副词、动词+副词+介词等。像“look forward to”“give up”这类词组，其含义和用法是考查重点，常出现在单项选择、完形填空中。 题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用和短文填词等题型中。 考法与比重 动词和动词词组在中考英语中占比大，几乎贯穿所有题型。单项选择中占一定比例；完形填空、阅读理解中，对它们的理解影响对文章的理解；语法填空常考动词形式；书面表达中，其正确运用是评分关键。 命题规律 语境化 题目常设置真实语境，让学生根据上下文判断动词形式和意义。比如在完形填空中，给出一段校园生活场景，学生要根据情境选合适动词。 综合化 将动词与其他语法知识结合考查，如动词时态和语态结合，或和非谓语动词一起考查，检验学生综合运用知识的能力。 高频化 一些高频动词和词组反复考查，像“make”“take”“put”等构成的词组，学生要重点掌握。 生活化 选材贴近学生生活，如家庭、学校、社交等，考查学生在生活场景中运用动词和动词词组的能力，让学生用英语解决实际问题。 3 02 02 知识导图·思维引航 4 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点一 名词词义辨析 考查动词第三人称单数 1．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim (do). 句意：我没有排球，但我弟弟吉姆有。此处用do代替实义动词have。结合“don’t”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语my brother是第三人称单数，故用does。故填does。 2．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）It seems that families are _____ more and more time together. (spend) 考查动词现在分词 句意：似乎家人在一起的时间越来越多了。spend“花（时间）”，空处应填spend的现在分词与are构成现在进行时结构，故填spending。 does spending 3．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）On April 26, three astronauts from Shenzhou-18________ (succeed) in entering the space station and met the astronauts in Shenzhou-17. 考查动词过去式 句意：4月26日，神舟18号上的三名宇航员成功进入空间站，与神舟17号上的宇航员会合。根据“On April 26”可知，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填succeeded。 4．（2024·江苏苏州·中考真题）I have _______ (邀请) the whole class of children, so no one feels unhappy. 考查动词过去分词 句意：我邀请了全班的孩子，所以没有人感到不开心。invite“邀请”，动词，此处用其过去分词形式，与其前的have构成现在完成时。故填invited。 invited succeeded 动词的五种基本形式 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词原形 词典中一般给出的形式 do, learn, run, play 第三人称单数形式 一般在动词后直接加-s run→runs, think→thinks 以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es teach→teaches, wash→washes,go→goes, pass→passes, mix→mixes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加-es study→studies, carry→carries 不规则变化 be→is, have→has 动词的-ing形式 一般在动词后直接加-ing read→reading, cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing live→living, write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ing sit→sitting, begin→beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y，再加-ing（初中共3个） die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying 过去式和过去分词（规则变化） 一般在动词后直接加-ed work→worked, play→played 以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d invite→invited, promise→promised 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ed stop→stopped, plan→planned 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed carry→carried, study→studied 注意：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见课本后“不规则动词表” 考点二 动词分类 1．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）—Dad, what’s for dinner? It ________ nice! —I’m cooking chicken soup.A．tastes B．smells C．looks D．feels 考查系动词 句意：——爸爸，晚饭吃什么？闻起来很香！——我正在煮鸡汤。考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来；smells闻起来；looks看起来；feels感觉。根据“Dad, what’s for dinner?”以及“I’m cooking chicken soup.”可知，正在煮鸡汤，应该是闻起来很香。故选B。 2．（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）Mike made faces to make his little brother __________.A．laughs B．laugh C．to laugh D．laughing 考查非谓语动词 句意：麦克做鬼脸让他的弟弟笑。考查非谓语。make sb. do sth“让某人做某事”，空处用动词原形。故选B。 3．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Fan Jinshi has ________ a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves. She is known to many as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”.A．paid B．donated C．brought D．devoted 考查动词辨析 句意：樊锦诗将她生命中的很大一部分时间用于研究和保护古老的敦煌石窟。她被许多人称为“敦煌之女”。考查动词辨析。paid支付；donated捐款；brought带来；devoted奉献。根据“a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves”可知，她一生中大部分时间都致力于研究和保护古老的敦煌石窟，devote to“致力于，献身于”，故选D。 考向1.实义动词动词根据其后能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如下表： 类别 含义 示例 例句 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 love， need，ask， want， have, play Jane usuallyplaysthe piano onSaturdays. 不及物 动词 不及物动词自身意思完整，无须接宾语。 happen， come， run， work Nobody knows what willhappennext. 考向2.助动词助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等。 助动词 句法功能 例句 be动词（am, is,are）/（was,were） 构成现在进行时 Jimmyis playingbasketball with his friends. 构成过去进行时 Li Mingwas sleepingwhen his father came back. 构成被动语态 Parkingis not allowedhere. 句法功能 例句 be动词（am, is,are）/（was,were） 构成现在进行时 Jimmyis playingbasketball with his friends. 构成被动语态 Parkingis not allowedhere. do/does/did 构成疑问句、否定句 Doyou like the book your mother bought for you? 用于倒装句 Seldomdoeshe come late. 构成否定祈使句 Don'tmake any noise in the library. 代替主要动词 I don't like eating noodles, but my brotherdoes. have/has/had 构成完成时 Tomhas playedsoccer on the playground for a long time. will/shall/ would 构成将来时 Therewill bemore helpful robots in the future. 考向3.系动词系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。具体分类如下： 类别 示例 例句 表示状态的系动词 be My fatherisa teacher. 表示持续的系动词 keep， remain， lie， stay My grandparents take exercise every morning tokeephealthy. 感官系动词 look， sound， feel， smell， taste The new clothfeelssmooth and soft. 表示状态变化的系动词 become， get，turn， go， grow In spring， trees begin toturngreen. 考向4.实义动词词义辨析 实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定每个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系，确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。 考点三 情态动词 1．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）— _____ you show me how to play the violin, Suzy? — No problem.A．Can B．Should C．Must D．Need 句意：——苏西，你能教我怎么拉小提琴吗？——没问题。考查情景交际。can能，可以；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“you show me how to play the violin”可知此处是请求许可，can符合语境。故选A。 2. （2024·吉林长春·中考真题）Lili ________ be at home. She has gone to the farm to pick apples.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must D．can 句意：莉莉不可能在家。她去农场摘苹果了。考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；must必须；can可以。根据“She has gone to the farm to pick apples.”可知她去农场摘苹果了，所以她不可能在家，表示否定推测用can’t。故选B。 考查情态动词can 考查情态动词否定推测 3.（2022·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Miss Li. I don’t want to say sorry to Daniel. —I’m afraid you ________. After all, you broke his glasses.A．may B．have to C．mustn’t D．needn’t 考查情态动词have to 句意：——李小姐。我不想向丹尼尔道歉。——恐怕你必须这么做。毕竟，你打破碎了他的眼镜。考查情态动词。may可能；have to必须；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不需要。根据“After all, you broke his glasses.”可知对方必须要向丹尼尔道歉，故选B。 4.（2023·山东日照·中考真题）You had better ______ （解释）it to our teacher, not to me. 考查情态动词had better 句意：你最好跟我们老师解释一下，而不是我。had better do sth表示“最好做某事”，explain表示“解释”。故填explain。 【拓展】 （1）由Must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must或have to，否定回答用needn't或don't have to。（2）May/Might I…?表示请求时，否定回答用mustn't或can't。（3）由Need引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must或have to，否定回答用needn't。（4）由Could引导的一般疑问句，回答用can或can't，不用could。 考点四 动词短语 1．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—I think your grandfather should ________ smoking. —I agree. Smoking is bad for his health.A．put up B．give up C．pick up D．take up 考查动词短语辨析 句意：——我认为你爷爷应该戒烟。——我同意。吸烟对他的健康有害。考查动词短语。put up张贴；give up放弃；pick up捡起；take up开始从事。根据“Smoking is bad for his health.”可知吸烟对他的健康有害，所以建议爷爷放弃吸烟。故选B。 2．（2024·四川·中考真题）In China, people usually ________ their houses before the Spring Festival.A．clean up B．look up C．take up D．put up 考查动词短语辨析 句意：在中国，人们通常在春节前打扫房子。考查动词短语。clean up打扫；look up查找；take up占据；put up张贴。根据“their houses before the Spring Festival.”可知是在春节前打扫房子。故选A。 for短语 ask for 请求 care for关心；关怀leave for动身去cheer for为……加油pay for为……付钱prepare for为……做准备search for搜寻；寻找 send for派人去请stand for代表；象征wait for等待 thanks for因……而感谢 up短语 add up加起来；合计 bring up提出；养育；培养cheer up使振奋clean up清理；打扫use up用完；用尽call up打电话dress up穿上盛装；装扮 eat up吃光end up最终成为；最后处于fix up修理；修补 stay up熬夜tidy up整理；收拾grow up成长；长大 hurry up赶快 out短语 blow out 吹灭break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生；爆发point out指出bring out使显现；使变得明显 carry out 执行；贯彻find out查明；发现 down短语 break down停止运转；出故障 calm down平静下来slow down放慢速度die down变弱；逐渐消失 fall down倒塌；跌倒knock down拆除；撞倒；击倒lie down躺下 pull down拆掉；拆毁look down俯视；轻视sit down坐下 shut down关闭；停业write down写下；记下 away 短语 blow away驱散；吹走 get away离开；逃脱pass away去世fly away飞走 run away逃跑throw away扔掉 考向1.同一介词/副词型 about短语 argue about争论 bring about引起；造成care about关心；在意hear about听说hang about闲逛 talk about谈论think about考虑 worry about担心 at短语 aim at瞄准；旨在 laugh at嘲笑arrive at到达（小地方）knock at敲 point at 指向…… smile at冲……微笑shout at对……大喊 stare...at凝视；盯着看 off短语 run off流失；逃跑 drop off入睡；下降fall off减少；跌落leave off停止；中断shut off关闭；切断 pay off偿清（欠款等）ring off挂断电话 send off发送；邮寄set off动身；启程 show off炫耀 give off（散）发出；放出（气味、热、光等） on短语 agree on就……达成共识 call on号召；拜访 depend on依靠；依赖 feed on以……为食 focus on集中于 hold on别挂电话；坚持 keep on继续前行 pass on传递 try on试穿 work on从事于；忙于 With短语 agree with同意 begin with以……开始 compare with与……相比 connect with与……相连 catch up with追上；赶上fall in love with爱上（某人或某物）deal with解决；处理 go with伴随 play with和……一起玩part with放弃；交出（难舍之物）stay/keep in touch with与……保持联系 share with与……分享 talk with和……交谈 in短语 break in 强行闯入；打断 bring in引入 check in报到；登记 fill in填写 result in导致；引起 hand in上交 take in吸收；收入 believe in信任；信赖 考向2.同一动词型 come短语 come on 加油；快点儿 come out 出现；出版come over顺便来访come along 出现；进展 come up with 提出；想出come back回来come up出现；升起come down落下；崩塌come in进来come across（偶然）遇见 come true（希望、梦想等）实现 cut短语 cut down削减；砍倒 cut up切碎cut in插嘴cut into侵犯；打断 cut out删去；停止 cut off切断；中断 Keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out留在外面keep away from远离keep off使……不接近 keep up with 跟上 keep in touch with和……保持联系 look短语 look at看 look after 照顾；照料look into调查look out当心；留神look up查阅；查找look for寻找；盼望look around环顾 look over查看；检查look through浏览look back回顾 look up to尊敬；钦佩look forward to盼望look out for留心；注意察看 look like看起来像 put短语 put up举起；搭建；张贴 put down写下；放下 put back把……放回原处put into注入；投入 put away放好 put on穿上；上演；增加 put out熄灭 put off推迟put through接通（电话） turn短语 turn over翻身；（使）翻转 turn out结果是；证明是 turn on打开（电灯等）turn off关闭（电灯等） turn away把……拒之门外 turn up开大；调高turn down调低，关小；拒绝turn in上交；归还turn to求助于turn around（使）转身 get短语 get up起床 get on上车（船、飞机等） get off下车（船、飞机等）get down下来 get into进入；陷入 get to到达get back回来 go短语 go on继续 go away走开；离开；消失 go ahead 进行；前进go along继续前进；沿着……走 go by（时间）流逝 go over复习；仔细检查go off 爆炸；（警报等）响起 go down下降 go up上升；增长go out 熄灭；出去（娱乐）go through通过 go back返回 give短语 give up放弃 give in屈服；让步 give away捐赠；泄露 give out散发；分发 give over停止；交出 give back归还；恢复 take短语 take up占用；开始从事 take down写下；记下take away带走；拿走take over接收；接管 take out拿出；除去；扣除 take care of照顾take place举行；发生 take pride in以……为傲take part in参加 take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像take the place of 代替 考向3 混合型混合辨析，即选项通常设置为“不同动词+不同介词/副词”，需要考生熟记动词短语。 04 题型特训·命题预测 1．For your safety, you ______ wear the car belt and slow down while driving on highways.A．might B．can C．need D．must2．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to ________ the Nobel Prize in science.A．win B．present C．discover D．invent3．China’s Beidou System can now be directly ________ to mobile phones, so we can find where the phones are even when there’s no signal.A．connected B．reported C．devoted D．pointed4．—Many young people can’t ________ to buy houses in big cities in China. —Exactly.A．offer B．effort C．affect D．afford5．—Why don’t you join our school basketball team?—Because they don’t ______ students over the age of 15.A．provide B．refuse C．accept D．control 6．—If you always ________ yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure.—I feel the same way. One should believe in himself.A．connect B．complain C．compare D．consider7．I’m surprised to know that camels ________ live without water for a long time.A．can ` B．shall C．must D．need8．An English-Chinese dictionary is a book that gives a list of English words in order and ______ their meanings in Chinese.A．creates B．imagines C．impresses D．explains9．—For a country to be strong, good education ________.—That’s for sure. Our country has put great efforts into it.A．minds B．matters C．agrees D．accepts10．—Let’s go and get something delicious to eat. What do you ________?—How about Boiled Fish with Sichuan Pickles?A．insist B．imagine C．suppose D．suggest 11．Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people, try out new things and ________ career choices.A．explore B．require C．miss D．control12．You ________ bring an umbrella. The radio says it’s not going to rain this afternoon.A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．can’t13．—Does the hotel ________ free breakfast for all the guests?—No. It’s only for the guests who attend the meeting.A．buy B．afford C．improve D．provide14．Murder Mystery Game, or “Jubensha” in Chinese, ________ players with a chance to experience different lives.A．covers B．presents C．compares D．provides15．My best friend always ______ me writing homework when our teachers are speaking.A．advises B．suggests C．considers D．prevents 16．Don’t be a bookworm. We should ________ the knowledge we get from books with our life.A．devote B．connect C．express D．create17．— I’m thinking about how to spend the weekend. What do you ________?— How about going camping with us? We can have fun together.A．insist B．imagine C．suggest D．suppose18．If children spend several hours playing outdoors every day, they can ________ the chance of having poor eyesight.A．regret B．reduce C．refuse D．renew19．You _________ go to the library to renew the book. Online service is much easier and faster.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t20．—What a pity! A 4-year-old boy was hit by a truck when playing by the road. —I agree that, to parents, children’s safety ________ be paid too much attention to.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t THE END 26 $$