专题6 被动语态（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年技能高考英语二轮复习专项突破（湖北专用）

专题06:被动语态 考点分析 考点 1.掌握被动语态的基本构成及不同时态下被动语态谓语动词的结构变化 2.掌握几个特殊结构的被动语态及用主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况 考点分析 1.能根据语境正确运用被动语态在不同时态下谓语动词的结构 2.会用被动语态的几个特殊结构及主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况 备考方法 难点是时态的正确变化，解决方法是利用被动语态图示，牢记被动语态谓语动词结构的两个关键点： 1.be+动词过去分词。 2.时态在 be上变化， 并正确变化，要多做练习。 易混点是进行时态谓语动词的结构，容易写成 be+ being+ doing 考试题型 单项选择题、完形填空 考点精讲 一、英汉语态简述：英汉两种语言中都存在语态的应用。汉语中常用“被”“由”“受”等词来表示被动的含义，动词没有形式的变化；英语中表达被动，则需要借助于动词的形式变化，基本结构为：助动词 be的适当时态+及物动词的过去分词，有时也会用 by加上动作的执行者来表示被谁执行。 二、动词的语态： 英语中有两种语态： 主动语态——表示主语是动作的执行者； 被动语态——表示主语是动作的承受者，即动作所作用的对象。 例. Miss Li teaches English. 主语 Miss Li 是谓语动词 teach 这一动作的执行者——主动语态。 English is taught by Miss Li. 主语 English 是谓语动词 teach 这一动作的承受者——被动语态。 三、被动语态的构成 1.被动语态的结构：助动词 be+及物动词 (可带宾语)的过去分词 时态、人称和数的变化是通过 be的变化来表现的。如图： 2.主动语态变被动语态的步骤 (1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语； (2)主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构； (3)主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by引出，当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。 例： 3.被动语态的基本构成形式为“be+及物动词的过去分词”。其中be无词义，有人称、数和时态的变化。几种常见的被动语态形式见下表： 一般时 进行时 完成时 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/ are being done have/ has been done 过去 was/ were done was/ were being done had been done 将来 shall/ will be done shall/ will have been done (1) 一般现在时: am/ is/ are + done. ①Our classroom is cleaned by the students on duty every morning. 我们教室每天早上由值日生打扫 ②Wheat is grown in the north of China. 中国的北方种植小麦。 (2) 一般过去时: was/ were+ done。 ①The window in the kitchen was broken by the naughty boy. 厨房的玻璃被那个淘气的男孩给打破了。 ②My keys were lost on my way home yesterday. 我昨天在回家的路上把钥匙丢了。 (3) 一般将来时: will/ shall+ be done。 am/ is/ are to+ be done am/ is/ are going to+ be done ①A new bridge will be built next year in my hometown. 我的家乡明年要修一座新桥。 ②Your papers are to be handed in by 11 o’ clock. 11点钟交上你们的试卷。 (4) 过去将来时: would/ should+ be done; was/ were going to+ be done; was/ were to+ be done。 ①The old scientist said that he would be invited to visit Japan before long. 那位老科学家说他不久将被邀请去拜访日本。 ②All the work was to be finished efficiently on request. 所有的工作将根据要求高效地完成。 (5) 现在进行时: am/ is/ are+ being done。 ①The crops in that village are being got in. 那个村庄的庄稼正在被收割。 ②— Have you repaired your car yet? 你修好你的车了吗? — Not yet. It is being repaired in the repair factory.还没，正在修理厂修理。 (6) 过去进行时: was/ were+ being done。 ①Mr. Liu was in hospital. When we went to see him, he was being operated on. 刘先生住院了。当我们去看望他的时候，他正在做手术。 ②A number of trees were being planted here this time last year. 去年的这个时候，这里正在种植大量的树。 (7) 现在完成时: have/ has+ been done。 ①The project has already been completed. 这项工程已经竣工了。 ②1 have been told the sports meet might be put off. 有人告诉我运动会可能会推迟。 (8) 过去完成时: had+ been done。 ①A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into. 我的一位朋友度假回来后发现有人闯入过他的家。 ②When I got to the cinema, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 当我到达电影院的时候，我发现票已经卖光了。 四、被动语态的特殊结构 1.含有情态动词的被动语态 结构：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。 This watch can be repaired in two days. 这只手表两天后能够修好。 Your compositions must be handed in next Monday. 下周一必须交作文。 2.含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构 有两种方法： (1)将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； (2)将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词 to 或 for引导。 The teacher told us an English story.老师给我们讲了一个英语故事。 (us: 间接宾语; an English story: 直接宾语) We were told an English story. →An English story was told to us by the teacher. My mother bought me a gift.我妈妈给我买了一件礼物。 (me: 间接宾语; a gift: 直接宾语) A song was sung by them. → They sang a song for me 他们为我唱了一首歌 3.动词短语的被动语态 规则：将动词短语视为整体，其后的介词或者副词不能省去。 The nurse will take good care of the baby.护士会照顾好这个婴儿的。 →The baby will be taken good care of by the nurse. →Good care will be taken of the baby by the nurse. 4.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构 规则：将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语则成为主语补足语。 注：(1)宾语补足语：在英语中，有些及物动词接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要一个其他成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语，也就成为主语补足语。 (2)省去 to的不定式作宾补。 使役动词和感官动词口诀: 一感二听三让五看半帮助 (feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have/ look at, see, watch, notice, observe/ help sb. (to) do sth.) 接宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to必须省略。(help除外) 变被动时，不定式符号 to 必须还原。(let除外) I saw the old lady go across the street slowly.我看见那个老太太慢慢地穿过街道。 →The old lady was seen to go across the street. The boss often makes the assistant organize some interesting activities. 这个老板经常让助手组织一些有趣的活动。 →The assistant often is made to organize some interesting activities. (不定式作 get 的宾语补足语时不省略 to。→get sb. to do sth. 在 help后, 不定式可以带 to, 也可不带。→help sb.(to) do sth.) (3)常见的带双宾语的动词。 ①双宾语易位时需借助介词 to的常用动词 award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb.颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth.= bring sth. to sb.把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth.= hand sth. to sb.把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb.把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.将某物给某人 owe sb. sth.= owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人 pay sb. sth.= pay sth. to sb.付给某人某物 (钱) post sb. sth. — post sth. to sb.把某物寄给某人 read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb.把某物读给某人听 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb.给某人写信 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb.把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth.= serve sth. to sb.拿某物招待某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.拿某物给某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb.把某物拿给某人 teach sb. sth.= teach sth. to sb.教某人某物 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某情况 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb.把某物扔给某人 return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.把某物还给某人 续表 ②双宾语易位时需借助介词 for的常用动词 book sb. sth.= book sth. for sb.为某人预定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.为某人买某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb.为某人选某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.为某人煮某物 draw sb. sth.= draw sth. for sb.为某人画某物 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb.为某人去取某物 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb.为某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物 make sb. sth.= make sth. for sb.为某人做某物 order sb. sth.= order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb.为某人采摘某物 steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb.为某人偷某物 save sb. sth.= save sth. for sb.为某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物 (歌) spare sb. sth.= spare sth. for sb.为某人让出某物 prepare sb. sth.= prepare sth. for sb.为某人准备某物 五、 被动语态的基本用法 (1)不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new books were stolen last night. 昨天晚上有一些新书被偷了。(不知道是谁偷的) This old bridge was built in 1980. 这座老桥是1980年建成的。(没有必要说明是谁建的) (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者，如要说出动作的执行者，采用以下形式：动作承受者+be+过去分词+by+动作执行者。 The glass was broken by Mike. (强调玻璃杯摔坏了) To improve road safety, some new traffic rules must be made. 为了加强道路安全，一些新的交通法规必须被制定。 (强调制定交通法规的重要性) 口诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 六、主动语态表被动意义的情况 (1)作不及物动词时，主语为物，可用主动形式表被动意义的动词：open，lock，write, read, sell, wash, clean, peel, drive, cut, burn。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布料非常好洗。 The apples of new kind sell well. 这种新品种的苹果卖得非常好 (非常畅销)。 (2) 感官动词 look, sound, taste, smell, feel 等用作半系动词时, 主动形式表被动意义。 Moon cakes taste very delicious. 月饼尝起来非常美味。 The girl looks very pretty. 这个女孩看起来很美。 (3) be worth doing (值得……) 结构中, doing表示被动含义。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 (4) want, need, require 等动词表示“需要”, 后加 doing表被动, 相当于 to be done。 My bike needs repairing. →My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。(被修理) (5)不及物动词及其短语没有被动形式，用主动形式表示被动意义。 表示“发生”的不及物动词及词组： take place, happen, occur, come about, break out, come out (出现, 出版), turn out(结果是, 结果发现, 变得……), run out(用完, 耗尽), belong to (属于), come true (实现)。 His dream will come true someday. 他的梦想总有一天会实现。 A traffic accident happened here yesterday. 昨天这里发生了一场交通事故。 (6) 表示开始、 结束、 运动的动词, 如 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move等。 Work began at 7 o’ clock this morning. 今天早上 7 点钟开始工作。 The shop closes at 6 p. m. every day. 这家商店每天下午6 点关门。 (7)“介词 in，on，under等+名词”构成介词短语表被动意义。表示方位或目的的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的短语有： under control 受控制 under treatment在治疗中 under repair 在修理中 under discussion 在讨论中 under construction 在施工中 beyond belief令人难以置信的 beyond one's reach够不着 beyond one's control 无法控制 for sale待售 for rent 出租 in print已出版 in sight在视野范围内 on sale 出售 on show展出 on trial 受审 out of control 控制不了 out of sight在视野范围外 out of one's reach够不着 【典型例题】 1. These novels written by Lu Xun are really worth . A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 2. He used to make his sister . Now he is sometimes made by his sister. A. cry; crying B. crying; crying C. cry; to cry D. to cry; cry 3. Every possible means to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. are used B. is used C. has been used D. have been used 4. Children like to little toys pieces of color paper. A. be made; out of B. be made; into C. make; out of D. make; through 5. We are often told people in trouble. A. to smile B. not to smile C. to laugh D. not to laugh at 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06:被动语态 考点分析 考点 1.掌握被动语态的基本构成及不同时态下被动语态谓语动词的结构变化 2.掌握几个特殊结构的被动语态及用主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况 考点分析 1.能根据语境正确运用被动语态在不同时态下谓语动词的结构 2.会用被动语态的几个特殊结构及主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况 备考方法 难点是时态的正确变化，解决方法是利用被动语态图示，牢记被动语态谓语动词结构的两个关键点： 1.be+动词过去分词。 2.时态在 be上变化， 并正确变化，要多做练习。 易混点是进行时态谓语动词的结构，容易写成 be+ being+ doing 考试题型 单项选择题、完形填空 考点精讲 一、英汉语态简述：英汉两种语言中都存在语态的应用。汉语中常用“被”“由”“受”等词来表示被动的含义，动词没有形式的变化；英语中表达被动，则需要借助于动词的形式变化，基本结构为：助动词 be的适当时态+及物动词的过去分词，有时也会用 by加上动作的执行者来表示被谁执行。 二、动词的语态： 英语中有两种语态： 主动语态——表示主语是动作的执行者； 被动语态——表示主语是动作的承受者，即动作所作用的对象。 例. Miss Li teaches English. 主语 Miss Li 是谓语动词 teach 这一动作的执行者——主动语态。 English is taught by Miss Li. 主语 English 是谓语动词 teach 这一动作的承受者——被动语态。 三、被动语态的构成 1.被动语态的结构：助动词 be+及物动词 (可带宾语)的过去分词 时态、人称和数的变化是通过 be的变化来表现的。如图： 2.主动语态变被动语态的步骤 (1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语； (2)主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构； (3)主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by引出，当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。 例： 3.被动语态的基本构成形式为“be+及物动词的过去分词”。其中be无词义，有人称、数和时态的变化。几种常见的被动语态形式见下表： 一般时 进行时 完成时 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/ are being done have/ has been done 过去 was/ were done was/ were being done had been done 将来 shall/ will be done shall/ will have been done (1) 一般现在时: am/ is/ are + done. ①Our classroom is cleaned by the students on duty every morning. 我们教室每天早上由值日生打扫 ②Wheat is grown in the north of China. 中国的北方种植小麦。 (2) 一般过去时: was/ were+ done。 ①The window in the kitchen was broken by the naughty boy. 厨房的玻璃被那个淘气的男孩给打破了。 ②My keys were lost on my way home yesterday. 我昨天在回家的路上把钥匙丢了。 (3) 一般将来时: will/ shall+ be done。 am/ is/ are to+ be done am/ is/ are going to+ be done ①A new bridge will be built next year in my hometown. 我的家乡明年要修一座新桥。 ②Your papers are to be handed in by 11 o’ clock. 11点钟交上你们的试卷。 (4) 过去将来时: would/ should+ be done; was/ were going to+ be done; was/ were to+ be done。 ①The old scientist said that he would be invited to visit Japan before long. 那位老科学家说他不久将被邀请去拜访日本。 ②All the work was to be finished efficiently on request. 所有的工作将根据要求高效地完成。 (5) 现在进行时: am/ is/ are+ being done。 ①The crops in that village are being got in. 那个村庄的庄稼正在被收割。 ②— Have you repaired your car yet? 你修好你的车了吗? — Not yet. It is being repaired in the repair factory.还没，正在修理厂修理。 (6) 过去进行时: was/ were+ being done。 ①Mr. Liu was in hospital. When we went to see him, he was being operated on. 刘先生住院了。当我们去看望他的时候，他正在做手术。 ②A number of trees were being planted here this time last year. 去年的这个时候，这里正在种植大量的树。 (7) 现在完成时: have/ has+ been done。 ①The project has already been completed. 这项工程已经竣工了。 ②1 have been told the sports meet might be put off. 有人告诉我运动会可能会推迟。 (8) 过去完成时: had+ been done。 ①A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into. 我的一位朋友度假回来后发现有人闯入过他的家。 ②When I got to the cinema, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 当我到达电影院的时候，我发现票已经卖光了。 四、被动语态的特殊结构 1.含有情态动词的被动语态 结构：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。 This watch can be repaired in two days. 这只手表两天后能够修好。 Your compositions must be handed in next Monday. 下周一必须交作文。 2.含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构 有两种方法： (1)将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； (2)将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词 to 或 for引导。 注：直接宾语表示动作的承受者或者结果；间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或为谁做的。间接宾语常可改为一个由 to 或者 for引起的短语。 The teacher told us an English story.老师给我们讲了一个英语故事。 (us: 间接宾语; an English story: 直接宾语) We were told an English story. →An English story was told to us by the teacher. My mother bought me a gift.我妈妈给我买了一件礼物。 (me: 间接宾语; a gift: 直接宾语) A song was sung by them. → They sang a song for me 他们为我唱了一首歌 3.动词短语的被动语态 规则：将动词短语视为整体，其后的介词或者副词不能省去。 The nurse will take good care of the baby.护士会照顾好这个婴儿的。 →The baby will be taken good care of by the nurse. →Good care will be taken of the baby by the nurse. 4.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构 规则：将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语则成为主语补足语。 注：(1)宾语补足语：在英语中，有些及物动词接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要一个其他成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语，也就成为主语补足语。 (2)省去 to的不定式作宾补。 使役动词和感官动词口诀: 一感二听三让五看半帮助 (feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have/ look at, see, watch, notice, observe/ help sb. (to) do sth.) 接宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to必须省略。(help除外) 变被动时，不定式符号 to 必须还原。(let除外) I saw the old lady go across the street slowly.我看见那个老太太慢慢地穿过街道。 →The old lady was seen to go across the street. The boss often makes the assistant organize some interesting activities. 这个老板经常让助手组织一些有趣的活动。 →The assistant often is made to organize some interesting activities. (不定式作 get 的宾语补足语时不省略 to。→get sb. to do sth. 在 help后, 不定式可以带 to, 也可不带。→help sb.(to) do sth.) (3)常见的带双宾语的动词。 ①双宾语易位时需借助介词 to的常用动词 award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb.颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth.= bring sth. to sb.把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth.= hand sth. to sb.把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb.把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.将某物给某人 owe sb. sth.= owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人 pay sb. sth.= pay sth. to sb.付给某人某物 (钱) post sb. sth. — post sth. to sb.把某物寄给某人 read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb.把某物读给某人听 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb.给某人写信 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb.把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth.= serve sth. to sb.拿某物招待某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.拿某物给某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb.把某物拿给某人 teach sb. sth.= teach sth. to sb.教某人某物 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某情况 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb.把某物扔给某人 return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.把某物还给某人 续表 ②双宾语易位时需借助介词 for的常用动词 book sb. sth.= book sth. for sb.为某人预定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.为某人买某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb.为某人选某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.为某人煮某物 draw sb. sth.= draw sth. for sb.为某人画某物 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb.为某人去取某物 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb.为某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物 make sb. sth.= make sth. for sb.为某人做某物 order sb. sth.= order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb.为某人采摘某物 steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb.为某人偷某物 save sb. sth.= save sth. for sb.为某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物 (歌) spare sb. sth.= spare sth. for sb.为某人让出某物 prepare sb. sth.= prepare sth. for sb.为某人准备某物 五、 被动语态的基本用法 (1)不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new books were stolen last night. 昨天晚上有一些新书被偷了。(不知道是谁偷的) This old bridge was built in 1980. 这座老桥是1980年建成的。(没有必要说明是谁建的) (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者，如要说出动作的执行者，采用以下形式：动作承受者+be+过去分词+by+动作执行者。 The glass was broken by Mike. (强调玻璃杯摔坏了) To improve road safety, some new traffic rules must be made. 为了加强道路安全，一些新的交通法规必须被制定。 (强调制定交通法规的重要性) 口诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 六、主动语态表被动意义的情况 (1)作不及物动词时，主语为物，可用主动形式表被动意义的动词：open，lock，write, read, sell, wash, clean, peel, drive, cut, burn。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布料非常好洗。 The apples of new kind sell well. 这种新品种的苹果卖得非常好 (非常畅销)。 (2) 感官动词 look, sound, taste, smell, feel 等用作半系动词时, 主动形式表被动意义。 Moon cakes taste very delicious. 月饼尝起来非常美味。 The girl looks very pretty. 这个女孩看起来很美。 (3) be worth doing (值得……) 结构中, doing表示被动含义。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 (4) want, need, require 等动词表示“需要”, 后加 doing表被动, 相当于 to be done。 My bike needs repairing. →My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。(被修理) (5)不及物动词及其短语没有被动形式，用主动形式表示被动意义。 表示“发生”的不及物动词及词组： take place, happen, occur, come about, break out, come out (出现, 出版), turn out(结果是, 结果发现, 变得……), run out(用完, 耗尽), belong to (属于), come true (实现)。 His dream will come true someday. 他的梦想总有一天会实现。 A traffic accident happened here yesterday. 昨天这里发生了一场交通事故。 (6) 表示开始、 结束、 运动的动词, 如 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move等。 Work began at 7 o’ clock this morning. 今天早上 7 点钟开始工作。 The shop closes at 6 p. m. every day. 这家商店每天下午6 点关门。 (7)“介词 in，on，under等+名词”构成介词短语表被动意义。表示方位或目的的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的短语有： under control 受控制 under treatment在治疗中 under repair 在修理中 under discussion 在讨论中 under construction 在施工中 beyond belief令人难以置信的 beyond one's reach够不着 beyond one's control 无法控制 for sale待售 for rent 出租 in print已出版 in sight在视野范围内 on sale 出售 on show展出 on trial 受审 out of control 控制不了 out of sight在视野范围外 out of one's reach够不着 【典型例题】 1. These novels written by Lu Xun are really worth . A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 【答案】D 【解析】考查主动表被动。句意：鲁迅写的这些小说真的很值得一读。be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，此处是主动表被动。故选 D。 2. He used to make his sister . Now he is sometimes made by his sister. A. cry; crying B. crying; crying C. cry; to cry D. to cry; cry 【答案】C 【解析】根据句意，第一空是主动关系的用法，排除 B、D。第二空是被动用法，make变被动用法时，不定式符号 to必须还原，故选C。 3. Every possible means to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. are used B. is used C. has been used D. have been used 【答案】D 【解析】首先，根据句意判断，means名词，“方法”的意思，用作单数，而不是动词 mean的第三人称单数形式。其次，观察选项，means(单数)与所给动词 use的关系为被动关系，四个选项全都是被动。根据选项，主语为单数，谓语应该用单数，排除A和D。根据后半句句意“但是，天空仍然不清朗”可以推断出，方法已经被用于防治污染，应该用完成时，故选 C。 4. Children like to little toys pieces of color paper. A. be made; out of B. be made; into C. make; out of D. make; through 【答案】C 【解析】根据句意，孩子们喜欢制作小玩具，children 与 make是主动关系，排除 A和 B；第二空后面加的 color paper(彩纸)是材料,根据以上结构,可以判断出第二空填 out of。故选C。 5. We are often told people in trouble. A. to smile B. not to smile C. to laugh D. not to laugh at 【答案】D 【解析】首先根据题干“are often told”可以看出句子结构是被动结构。tell加复合宾语变被动:sb. be told (not) to do sth., 根据句意, in trouble“陷入困境”, 可以推断出句意应该是“我们被告知不要嘲笑陷入困境的人”。所以，应该用否定形式，排除A和C。表达嘲笑用“laugh at”，故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$