Unit 1 Science Fiction（人与社会：科幻小说)-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction（人教版2019） 人与社会：科幻小说 单元引言解读 Today's science fiction is tomorrow's science fact.—Isaac Asimov 释义：Science fiction novels can often provide some valuable foresight in the direction of scientific and technological development. 启示：本单元的引言出自当代美国著名科幻小说家艾萨克·阿西莫夫。这句话的意思是“今天的科幻小说即明天的科学现实。”那些曾经只能出现在科幻作品中的奇思妙想，如地心探险、星系探索、智能机器人等，已经随着科技进步成为当今的科学现实。人类对地球乃至整个宇宙的探索不会停止。 名言名句积累 人与社会：科幻小说 1．This science fiction film about saving the Earth is indeed worth seeing. 这部有关拯救地球的科幻电影的确值得一看。 2．It is generally thought that it is one of the best science fiction stories ever written. 它被公认为是写得最好的科幻故事之一。 3．French writer Jules Verne, widely regarded as the father of science fiction, presents many fascinating items in his works. 被公认为是科幻小说之父的法国作家儒勒·凡尔纳在其作品中展现了很多吸引人的事物。 追求科学需要特别的勇气。——伽利略 4．Fantasy is an extremely valuable quality.—Lenin 幻想是极其可贵的品质。——列宁 5．People who often contact science fiction often look younger than their actual age.If this happens to you, please don't be surprised.—Liu Cixin 常常接触科幻小说的人往往看起来比实际年龄年轻。如果这事发生在你身上，请不要惊奇。——刘慈欣 6．One cannot truly appreciate the power of science fiction if one cannot recognize the starting point of the rise of imagination from the known world.—William Gibson 一个人如果无法辨识想象力从已知世界飞升的起点，就无法真正体会科幻的力量。——威廉·吉布森 7.“The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.” — Albert Einstein 重要的是不要停止提问。好奇心自有其存在的理由。 时文拓展阅读 Study: Electrical Medical Device Helps Improve Muscle Strength Researchers recently reported new evidence from a study of a medical device placed inside the body, a spine-stimulating implant. Three people with a muscle-destroying disease got a little stronger after using the implant. They were able to stand and walk more easily because of electrical stimulation to their spinal cord. Marco Capogrosso is an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburg, or Pitt, who led the research. "These people were definitely not expecting an improvement," he said. Capogrosso said, "They were getting better and better," over the study that lasted one month. Returning muscle function The implant was able to return some muscle function, at least temporarily. The implant was already being tested to treat paralysis in other patients. This new evidence suggests it might also aid diseases of the nervous system like spinal muscle atrophy, or SMA. SMA is a genetic disease that slowly destroys motor neurons, nerve cells in the spinal cord that control muscles. That leads muscles to waste away, especially in the legs, hips, and shoulders and sometimes those involved with breathing and swallowing. There is no cure. A gene therapy can save the lives of very young children with a severe form of the disease, and there are some medicines to slow the disease in older patients. Stimulating the spinal cord with low levels of electricity has long been used to treat chronic, or long-term, pain. Capogrosso's team also has tested it to help people paralyzed by strokes or spinal cord injury move their arms and legs with assistance. The system sends electrical signals to nerves that have stopped reacting. This has the effect of activating the muscles. Capogrosso wondered if that same technology might help patients with SMA by stimulating sensory nerves to signal damaged muscle cells causing them to move. The researchers at the University of Pittsburgh published their study in Nature Medicine. They implanted electrodes over the lower spinal cord of the three adults with SMA. Using the device did not return normal movement but with a few hours of spinal stimulation a week, all soon experienced improvements in muscle strength and function, the researchers wrote. "You never get better" Fifty-seven-year-old Doug McCullough took part in the study. "With a progressive disease you never get any better," he said, adding, “So having any improvement is just a really surreal and very exciting benefit." All three subjects increased how far they could walk in six minutes by the study's end. Capogrosso said they could walk farther because they got less tired and “even a person this many years into the disease can improve." Researchers found the improvements did not disappear as soon as the stimulator was turned off. But they did decrease a few months after the study ended. Neuroscientist Susan Harkema led similar studies of stimulation for spinal cord injuries while at the University of Louisville. She warned that the new study is small and did not last very long but said it was an important test of the device. She said it should be tested next with other muscle-degenerating diseases. Capogrosso said some small but longer studies are beginning. 【译文欣赏】 研究：电疗设备有助于增强肌肉力量 研究人员最近报告了一项关于植入体内的医疗设备——脊柱刺激植入物的研究新证据。三名患有肌肉破坏性疾病的人在使用该植入物后变得更强壮了一些。由于脊髓受到电刺激，他们能够更轻松地站立和行走。 匹兹堡大学助理教授马尔科·卡波格罗索领导了这项研究。他说："这些人绝对没有预料到会有改善。"卡波格罗索说，在为期一个月的研究中，"他们的情况越来越好。"植入物能够恢复一些肌肉功能，至少是暂时的。该植入物已经在其他患者中进行了治疗瘫痪的测试。这一新证据表明，它也可能有助于治疗神经系统疾病，如脊髓性肌萎缩症（SMA）。 SMA是一种遗传性疾病，会慢慢破坏运动神经元，即脊髓中控制肌肉的神经细胞。这会导致肌肉萎缩，尤其是腿部、臀部和肩部的肌肉，有时还会影响呼吸和吞咽的肌肉。目前尚无治愈方法。基因疗法可以挽救患有严重疾病的幼儿的生命，也有一些药物可以减缓老年患者的病情。 长期以来，人们一直使用低强度电刺激脊髓来治疗慢性或长期疼痛。卡波格罗索的团队还对其进行了测试，以帮助因中风或脊髓损伤而瘫痪的人在辅助下活动手臂和腿部。该系统向已停止反应的神经发送电信号。这具有激活肌肉的效果。 卡波格罗索想知道，同样的技术是否可以通过刺激感觉神经向受损的肌肉细胞发出信号，使其运动，从而帮助SMA患者。匹兹堡大学的研究人员在《自然医学》上发表了他们的研究。他们在三名患有SMA的成年人的下脊髓上植入了电极。研究人员写道，使用该设备并不能恢复正常运动，但每周进行几个小时的脊柱刺激后，所有人的肌肉力量和功能很快都得到了改善。 57岁的道格·麦卡洛参加了这项研究。他说："对于一种渐进性疾病，你永远不会好转。"他补充说："所以，任何改善都是一种非常超现实和非常令人兴奋的益处。"在研究结束时，所有三名受试者都增加了他们在六分钟内可以行走的距离。 卡波格罗索说，他们可以走得更远，因为他们不那么累了，"即使是患病这么多年的人也可以有所改善。"研究人员发现，一旦刺激器关闭，改善并不会立即消失。但在研究结束几个月后，改善确实有所减少。 神经科学家苏珊·哈基玛在路易斯维尔大学时领导了类似的脊髓损伤刺激研究。她警告说，这项新研究的规模很小，持续时间也不长，但她说这是对该设备的一项重要测试。她说，接下来应该在其他肌肉退行性疾病中进行测试。 卡波格罗索说，一些小型但更长期的研究正在开始。 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 stimulate – v. to make (something) more active刺激 implant – n. something placed in a person's body through a medical operation植入物 function –n. the work that something is designed to do功能 paralysis –n. the condition of not being able to move muscles, especially those in the arms and legs瘫痪 neuron - n. a cell that carries messages between the brain and other parts of the body and that is the basic unit of the nervous system神经元 stroke –n. a serious medical condition caused by a loss of oxygen or blood flow to the brain when a blood vessel is blocked or bursts surreal – adj. very strange or unusual; having the quality of a dream超现实 degenerate – v. to change to a worse state or condition; to become worse, weaker, or less useful退化 benefit –n. a good result from doing something益处 【知识拓展】 古代利用天然电：公元 1 世纪，古罗马医生拉杰斯就曾用让痛风病人踩电鳐的方法来减轻病症。 18 世纪理论起步：18 世纪中叶，欧美医生开始观察到静电场对人体有治疗作用，美国科学家富兰克林 1752 年将雷电收集至莱顿瓶内，还用此 “电” 治疗痛风，后改装摩擦电机，将人体置于电场内，发现对多种疾病有效果，开启了静电疗法研究。 19 世纪原始设备出现：1864 年霍乐兹・托普拉发明感应机后，杰姆百斯特将其改良制造出最原始的静电场治疗仪。 【词汇延伸】 chronic adj.慢性的 electrode n. 电极 progressive adj. 进行性的 综合实战演练 （一） (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D篇)As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well­being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park­goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant's experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.” Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human­nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 1．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A．Pocket parks are now popular. B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C．Many cities are overpopulated. D．People enjoy living close to nature. 2．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A．To compare different types of park­goers. B．To explain why the park attracts tourists. C．To analyze the main features of the park. D．To find patterns in the visitors' summaries. 3．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5? A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C．The same nature experience takes different forms. D．The nature language enhances work performance. 4．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A．Language study. B．Environmental conservation. C．Public education. D．Intercultural communication. ( 高考英语阅读理解主要考查考生对不同体裁和题材语言材料的理解能力，以及通过阅读材料获取信息的能力。掌握一定的做题技巧，有助于考生更好地应对阅读理解题型，提高答题的准确率和效率。以下是一些实用的高考英语阅读理解做题技巧： 快速浏览，掌握主旨 ：拿到阅读理解文章后，先快速浏览文章的标题、首尾段以及每段的首句和尾句。标题往往能点明文章的主题，而首尾段和段落首句、尾句通常包含文章的关键信息和主旨大意。通过快速浏览这些部分，能对文章的大致内容和中心思想有一个初步的了解，为后续的深入阅读和答题做好铺垫。例如，在一篇关于环境保护的文章中，首段可能会提出环境问题的严重性，尾段可能会给出解决问题的建议，这样就能迅速把握文章主旨。 详读题目，明确要求 ：仔细阅读题目和选项，明确题目所问的内容和要求。注意题目中的关键词，如疑问词（what、why、where、when、how 等）、限定词（only、all、mainly、especially 等），这些关键词能帮助你准确找到答题的方向。同时，分析选项之间的差异和特点，有些选项可能在表述上过于绝对，有些选项可能与文章的主题或已知信息不符，通过初步判断可以排除一些明显错误的选项。 带着问题，回文定位 ：根据题目中的关键词，回到文章中找到与之相关的段落或句子。在定位时，可以使用一些技巧，如查找人名、地名、数字、专有名词等，这些信息在文章中比较容易找到，并且往往与题目相关。找到相关段落或句子后，仔细阅读上下文，理解其含义，确保准确把握信息。比如，题目问某个人的观点，就需要找到文中该人所说的话或相关的表述。 分析选项，排除干扰 ：对每个选项进行分析，判断其与文章内容的匹配程度。干扰选项通常有以下几种类型： 无中生有 ：选项中的内容在文章中没有提及，是凭空捏造的。 张冠李戴 ：把文章中其他人物或事物的特点、行为等错误地安在题目所问的对象上。 过于绝对 ：使用了 “all”“always”“never”“only” 等过于绝对的词汇，而文章中并没有这样的表述。 偷换概念 ：对文章中的某些概念进行了替换或歪曲，导致选项与原文意思不符。 以偏概全 ：只根据文章中的部分内容就得出结论，而忽略了其他相关信息。 合理推理，注意细节 ：有些题目需要考生根据文章内容进行合理的推理和判断，不能仅仅局限于文章表面的信息。在推理时，要依据文章的事实和逻辑，避免主观臆断。同时，要注意文章中的细节信息，如日期、数字、形容词、副词等，这些细节往往是答题的关键。例如，文章中提到某个事件发生的时间是 “in the 1980s”，而选项中说 “in the 1990s”，这就是一个细节错误。 复查答案，确保无误 ：完成所有题目后，要对答案进行复查。检查每个答案是否都 有文章中的 依据，是否符合逻辑和文章的主旨。对于不确定的题目，可以再次回到文章中查找相关信息，进行仔细的分析和判断。同时，要注意答题的规范性，如涂卡是否正确、书写是否清晰等。 总之，高考英语阅读理解需要考生具备扎实的语言基础和良好的阅读技巧。通过不断地练习和总结，掌握这些做题技巧，才能在考试中取得更好的成绩。 ) ( Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. 主句(含有动名词短语作主语)＋非限制性定语从句(含有一个限制性定语从句) 翻译： ) ( ① access to　　　　　　　 ② focus on ③ take part in ④ bring ...back into ... ⑤ interact with ) 全文翻译 随着城市规模如气球般迅速膨胀，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接触到大自然。如果你运气好的话，你居住的附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市中找到相对原生态的地方实属罕见。 过去的研究已经发现，大自然对人类的健康和幸福有益，而一项新的研究表明，城市地区的自然原生态对于人类的福祉极为重要。 研究团队聚焦于一个大型城市公园。他们对几百名逛公园的人进行了调查，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，讲述自己在公园里与大自然的一次有意义的互动经历。然后，研究人员对这些提交的内容进行了审查，将这些经历编码归类到不同的类别中。例如，一位参与者 “我们在海滩上坐了一会儿，听着海浪声” 的经历被归为 “坐在海滩上” 和 “听海浪声” 这两个类别。 在这 320 份提交的内容中，一种被研究人员称为 “自然语言” 的类别模式开始显现出来。在对所有提交内容进行编码后，有六个类别被频繁地认为对游客来说很重要。其中包括邂逅野生动物、沿着水边散步以及沿着已有的小径行走。 给每一种与自然接触的体验命名，就创造出了一种实用的语言，这有助于人们识别并参与到那些对他们来说最令人满足、最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的体验，对于一位在周末到公园远足的年轻职场人士来说可能会让他感到满足。在工作日回到市中心后，他们可以在午休时间沿着喷泉散步，以一种更日常的形式享受这种与自然的互动。 “我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人与自然的互动重新融入我们的日常生活中。而要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动。” 该研究的资深作者彼得・卡恩说道。 （二） （2025·河南新乡·一模）Four Online Places to Help Your English Speaking Go Speaky Price: Free. What it is: If you don’t want to download or install (安装) any special programs for voice and video chat, you can just sign up on Go Speaky. This website has a built-in video chat right on the website, so you can find and talk to people without leaving your browser (浏览器) . Lingoglobe Price: Free. What it is: With thousands of members, Lingoglobe has many great options to find a language exchange friend. You can find someone who is currently available, or you can visit the lively new Language Forum (论坛). where many language students like you are searching for someone to practise speaking with. It might be a smaller website, but the people are friendly and you can search for people by the language that they want to learn (or are willing to teach). You can even search for people by hobbies and interests. Coeffee Price: Free. What it is: Coeffee is a fun website that teaches languages through games. You can play against others in games like “Make Phrase”, where you choose the correct words to form a sentence, or you can play word guessing games. Have fun while you learn with other people — you can make friends through the main games and become a part of the community. Coffee Strap Price: Free. What it is: Coffee Strap only has about 2, 500 users, but it makes up for the small size with a smart matching method that finds speaking partners that you’ll enjoy talking with. Once you have found a partner, you can engage in guided conversations which are only seven minutes long. After the seven minutes are over, you will get a different partner to continue practising with. That means you can get a lot of practice here. 1．What is special about Go Speaky? A．You can chat with thousands of members. B．You can visit the lively new Language Forum. C．You needn’t download special programs for video chat. D．You can engage in guided conversations. 2．Which of the following will you choose if you want to learn English through games? A．Go Speaky. B．Lingoglobe. C．Coeffee. D．Coffee Strap. 3．What do the four places have in common? A．They are free of charge. B．They are very popular in the world. C．They have a small number of users. D．They are helpful to improve your written English. （三） （24-25高三上·山西·期末）When chemist Robert Hamers cracked (打开) open the cup he had used to heat a brew of’ metal crystals (晶体) , he was greeted with something special: a wonderful small forest in deep shades of green. The cobalt-containing crystals he had been growing for two weeks in a tool had vined their way upward from the base in a surprisingly familiar pattern and shade to match. It looked as if tiny elm trees, surrounded by shrubs and hedges, had been skillfully drawn inside the egg-shaped cup. “I was completely awestruck,” said Hamers. “What really surprised me was, you look at it and you see a trunk is growing down from the bottom, and there are branches, and they are pretty well resolved.” Hamers had set out to grow “a very large” crystal of lithium cobalt dioxide (二氧化钴锂) , the material used in the batteries powering mobile phones, laptops, video cameras, and other electronic devices. He planned to use it to develop a fingerprint of the chemical in nature, through a technique known as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Once developed, the fingerprint could be used to scan landfill sites and other environments for the leaked chemical from discarded (丢弃的) batteries, tracing the chemical to its end of life. There was a long lead up time to cracking open the sealed cup. First, a few bits of lithium cobalt oxide were put inside, an ink-black powder to the eye. Extremely high temperatures are required, reaching beyond 1,292 degrees Fahrenheit. Then the cooling begins: Larger crystals only form if the cooling period is extremely slow — in this case the scientists gave it two weeks. Ultimately, the experiment failed: The crystals that grew inside the cup weren’t big enough for the tests Hamers wanted to do. But his photo of the result won one of the awards of the university’s Science Image Contest. Even failure can carry a touch of magic. 1．What was the outcome of Hamers experiment? A．The crystals were big enough. B．The crystals were dangerous to users. C．The crystals formed a forest-like pattern. D．The experiment was a complete success. 2．How did Hamers feel when he cracked open the cup? A．Disappointed. B．Amazed. C．Doubtful. D．Relieved. 3．What was the main purpose of the chemical fingerprint Hamers wanted to develop? A．To identify the crystal structure. B．To enhance battery performance. C．To improve crystal growth techniques. D．To track the chemical in the environment. 4．What is the text meant to show us? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．You can’t judge a book by its cover. D．Don’t count your chickens before they hatch. （四） （2025届四川省南充市高三适应性考试二模英语试题）As cities around the world attempt to solve jam and seek to lower emissions, one New Zealand-based startup is looking for solutions. This year, Whoosh will begin construction on an innovative network of ride-hailing (打车服务) in a 370-acre area of tourism hot spot Queenstown-the first of its kind. Whoosh resembles a ski lift, but operates differently. While a ski lift transports its cabin (轿厢) by moving the entire cableway, each Whoosh cabin uses an electric motor to drive itself along a fixed network of cables and rails at an average speed of about 26 m. p. h. “Powering the cabins themselves means the guideway can be really simple, low-cost infrastructure,” Whoosh CEO Chris Allington says. The cabins have a mechanism that allows them to switch from cables to suspended rails at speed, meaning that, unlike a ski lift, Whoosh can change paths anytime from pickup to drop-off without stopping. Whoosh cabins consume less energy than other vehicles, because by using a dedicated guideway, they prevent energy-wasting actions such as braking in traffic. In addition, it has roughly a fifth of carbon emission compared with ground-level rail networks. As part of the pilot plan by 2027, Whoosh could help reduce travel time and are twice as efficient as the most economical electric cars. Users will be able to hail rides on demand, either by using a user-friendly app which provides real-time vehicle location and estimated arrival time, or through the ticket-vending machines available at key locations. Of course, the plan remains untested, but the company already has its sights set on the five North Texas cities in the U.S. “Turns out, none of the high-tech innovations are rally designed to solve the problem that most of the world is facing,” Allington says. “Subways cater to high-density centers, while cars suit low-density urban areas. Whoosh, which targets trips of 1 to 5 miles, offers a solution for those in the middle ground. We find that people want to live in medium-density areas, but they just aren’t well supported by either automobiles or mass transport,” he says. 1．How is Whoosh different from a ski lift? A．Its motor is simpler. B．It has flexible routes. C．1ts running speed is faster. D．It moves the whole cableway. 2．Which of the following can make Whoosh cabins more energy-efficient? A．A dedicated guideway. B．A unique braking system C．Zero carbon emission. D．Ground-level rail networks. 3．What is Whoosh expected to do by 2027? A．Improve the safety of travel. B．Double the efficiency of electric cars. C．Provide handy ride-hailing services. D．Replace traditional subway. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph according to Allington? A．Subways are suitable for low-density urban areas. B．Transport in medium-density areas needs improvement. C．Mass transport has already been sufficient. D．Innovations can’t address the world’s problems. （五） （2025届山东省临沂市高三一模考试英语试卷）Statistics show that the market value of global Extended Reality (XR) industry has gone beyond $20.4 billion. XR, an umbrella term including technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR), refers to real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated by wearable devices and computer technology. As XR technologies become more mature, they have been gradually applied in more scenarios (场景) that are closely related to the daily life of ordinary people, and have seen new consumer markets in recent years. The application of XR technologies has made it possible for users to “travel to the past” and “wander in the universe” through virtual trips. An XR experience store in Shenzhen, recently launched a program e for citizens, which involved digital tours to the Jurassic period (侏罗纪) and outer space. XR technologies have also been integrated into the application scenarios concerning smart tourism projects. XR technologies can help tourist attractions launch systems that enable visitors to better learn about faraway places and remote times in immersive (沉浸式的) scenes, as well as tourist guide systems and other systems that bring wonderful experiences for visitors through VR or AR glasses, mobile apps and browsers. Compared with offline tours, scenarios reproduced by XR technologies can enrich the experiences of users. China’s Spring Festival Gala last year adopted XR technologies, enabling singers who couldn’t be present at the gala to give performances remotely. The XR industry is full of possibilities, and the 5G technology is considered a catalyst (催化剂) for further stimulating its potential. Last January, the branch of China Mobile, a major Chinese telecommunications operator in Zhengzhou, built the province’s first “5G+XR” commercial complex in shopping mall. Industry insiders pointed out that with constant progress being made in the large-scale deployment of the 5G network and its innovative applications, the “5G+XR” model is producing a large number of new application scenarios including social networking, office work, entertainment, exhibition and education, which will provide broad development space for the XR industry. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The historical development of XR technologies. B．The XR technologies and their commercial value. C．The challenges faced by the XR industry in the global market. D．The comparison between XR and other emerging technologies. 2．How does XR help in daily life? A．Help visitors better plan their travel routes. B．Take users to travel in outer space in person. C．Let singers in different places share the same stage. D．Make tourist attractions more environmentally friendly. 3．What can be inferred from the passage about the “5G+XR” model? A．It has been widely used in Zhengzhou. B．It will lead to more people to fail to socialize. C．It will create many new opportunities for people. D．It has made traditional shopping malls disappear. 4．How does the writer introduce the use of XR technologies in the text? A．By listing data. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By explaining reasons. （六） （24-25高二下·河北保定·开学考试）It is no secret that social media is harmful to everyone for many reasons: from general internet safety, to causing insecurities or becoming a major distraction. 1 Social media can have a large impact on people’s perspectives, opinions and the way they view the world — especially teenagers. In recent years, social media creators have done a really effective job of creating algorithms (算法) that can keep track of what you engage with, and provide more content based on your preferences and interests. 2 Exposure to only one perspective in the long run can lead to what are called echo chambers, or situations in which one’s beliefs are constantly supported by the people around them, rather than hearing other opinions. 3 By only being exposed to people who agree with you, you are prevented from considering other perspectives, which perpetuates (使持续) close-minded attitudes. Since social media users are used to seeing content they agree with, the first opinion that they see on a new issue is the one they are most likely to agree with, despite not hearing opposing thoughts. 4 Recently, the term “chronically online takes” has resurfaced on social media. This concept refers to opinions that only seem to exist online, and lack the support of real world experience. 5 In fact, chronically online takes are problematic themselves, successfully weakening actual issues that should be called out. A．This fails to show respect for your privacy. B．This ensures that you continue using social media. C．Usually, it takes the form of calling things problematic. D．However, the negatives of social media go even deeper than that. E．The key issue is that people are content with being told what to think. F．The problem with echo chambers is that they discourage critical thinking. G．Echo chambers increase social media users’ impatience and kills their creativity. （七） 完形填空 （24-25高二上·陕西西安·期中）In Las Vegas, one parent’s determination to help his daughter catch up on her reading has led to the 1 of a groundbreaking approach in educational technology. Dave Vinzant is a father to 8-year-old Aubrie who encountered difficulties in 2 at school. “It was about halfway through the first grade that we .3 she couldn’t read,” said Vinzant. Despite their efforts, traditional methods weren’t bringing about the .4 results. “The strong sense of failure hit her,” Vinzant recalled. “After an hour of trying to .5 a 10-15 page little book, she was crying.” Determined to 6 a solution, Vinzant took matters into his own hands. Although lacking 7 in computer programming, he made up his mind to develop a tool that could 8 assist his daughter. The result? A free application called WordStumble came out. WordStumble isn’t simply any reading APP 9 by artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT. The program customizes (定制) stories for each 10 . “What is magical is that it can 11 all of those words that the user knows or struggles with and then generate a customized children’s story,” Vinzant explained. For Vinzant, the success of WordStumble isn’t just 12 , he wants to share with others. With his dedication and innovation, Vinzant is not only changing the landscape of reading apps but also giving hope to countless parents and children 13 similar challenges. And as WordStumble 14 improving, it’s clear that the power of one person’s passion can make a world of difference for many young 15 everywhere. 1．A．interaction B．creation C．separation D．comparison 2．A．listening B．reading C．speaking D．writing 3．A．ceased B．adopted C．regretted D．realized 4．A．controlled B．labeled C．expected D．combined 5．A．get through B．appeal to C．side with D．break out 6．A．defend B．blame C．find D．suspect 7．A．energy B．knowledge C．abstract D．advertisement 8．A．adorably B．initially C．logically D．effectively 9．A．defeated B．stretched C．swung D．powered 10．A．situation B．user C．phone D．computer 11．A．collect B．secure C．spread D．commit 12．A．distinct B．popular C．personal D．convenient 13．A．wandering B．predicting C．facing D．integrating 14．A．continues B．imagines C．avoids D．forgets 15．A．drivers B．waiters C．actors D．learners （八） 语法填空 （2025·河南南阳·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, have been a topic of interest and 1 (argue) for several years. The idea of vehicles that can operate 2 human control is promising. It can make transportation efficient and convenient. And as technology continues to advance rapidly, the widespread use of self-driving cars seems increasingly popular and 3 (avoidable). In a future impacted by climate change and ecosystem protection, the role of self-driving cars 4 (become) vital in their environmental and social benefits and thus can increase energy efficiency, ease traffic jams, and promote shared mobility. 5 (enable) the change to electric and renewable-powered vehicles, self-driving cars also help encourage the efficient use of infrastructure (基础设施). However, some challenges must be addressed 6 (ensure) safety. One of the primary   7 (concern) is regulation (管理), as current traffic laws and policies may not be equipped to handle various problems closely 8 (relate) to autonomous vehicles. Governments and regulatory bodies will need to establish clear guidelines and safety standards 9 are essential to manage the operation of self-driving cars on roads. In conclusion, the future of self-driving cars presents 10 mix of opportunities and challenges that will shape our societies, economies, and environments. We should develop the strengths of this technology while reducing its risks. 思维素养提升 Task 1 写作项目——Voice your opinions on robots and AI 本单元的写作任务是发表你对机器人和人工智能的看法，属于应用文写作。写作时要围绕做到主题鲜明，详略得当，并注意结构的完整性。可以利用列提纲思维导图来构思，请选择一篇你感兴趣的议论文阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）假定你的父母在一家科技公司工作，把新研究的机器人带到家中进行测试。请根据以下要点用英语写一则故事： 1. 这个机器人是一个英俊的小伙子，名叫杰里; 2. 他很体贴我，并全心全意地照顾我; 3. 一次，由于相信了一个谣言，我勃然大怒，和一位同学发生了冲突。他说我这样做是很荒唐的。他希望我能和同学友好相处; 4. 杰里成为我最好的朋友，我非常喜欢他。 注意：1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction（人教版2019） 人与社会：科幻小说 单元引言解读 Today's science fiction is tomorrow's science fact.—Isaac Asimov 释义：Science fiction novels can often provide some valuable foresight in the direction of scientific and technological development. 启示：本单元的引言出自当代美国著名科幻小说家艾萨克·阿西莫夫。这句话的意思是“今天的科幻小说即明天的科学现实。”那些曾经只能出现在科幻作品中的奇思妙想，如地心探险、星系探索、智能机器人等，已经随着科技进步成为当今的科学现实。人类对地球乃至整个宇宙的探索不会停止。 名言名句积累 人与社会：科幻小说 1．This science fiction film about saving the Earth is indeed worth seeing. 这部有关拯救地球的科幻电影的确值得一看。 2．It is generally thought that it is one of the best science fiction stories ever written. 它被公认为是写得最好的科幻故事之一。 3．French writer Jules Verne, widely regarded as the father of science fiction, presents many fascinating items in his works. 被公认为是科幻小说之父的法国作家儒勒·凡尔纳在其作品中展现了很多吸引人的事物。 追求科学需要特别的勇气。——伽利略 4．Fantasy is an extremely valuable quality.—Lenin 幻想是极其可贵的品质。——列宁 5．People who often contact science fiction often look younger than their actual age.If this happens to you, please don't be surprised.—Liu Cixin 常常接触科幻小说的人往往看起来比实际年龄年轻。如果这事发生在你身上，请不要惊奇。——刘慈欣 6．One cannot truly appreciate the power of science fiction if one cannot recognize the starting point of the rise of imagination from the known world.—William Gibson 一个人如果无法辨识想象力从已知世界飞升的起点，就无法真正体会科幻的力量。——威廉·吉布森 7.“The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.” — Albert Einstein 重要的是不要停止提问。好奇心自有其存在的理由。 时文拓展阅读 Study: Electrical Medical Device Helps Improve Muscle Strength Researchers recently reported new evidence from a study of a medical device placed inside the body, a spine-stimulating implant. Three people with a muscle-destroying disease got a little stronger after using the implant. They were able to stand and walk more easily because of electrical stimulation to their spinal cord. Marco Capogrosso is an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburg, or Pitt, who led the research. "These people were definitely not expecting an improvement," he said. Capogrosso said, "They were getting better and better," over the study that lasted one month. Returning muscle function The implant was able to return some muscle function, at least temporarily. The implant was already being tested to treat paralysis in other patients. This new evidence suggests it might also aid diseases of the nervous system like spinal muscle atrophy, or SMA. SMA is a genetic disease that slowly destroys motor neurons, nerve cells in the spinal cord that control muscles. That leads muscles to waste away, especially in the legs, hips, and shoulders and sometimes those involved with breathing and swallowing. There is no cure. A gene therapy can save the lives of very young children with a severe form of the disease, and there are some medicines to slow the disease in older patients. Stimulating the spinal cord with low levels of electricity has long been used to treat chronic, or long-term, pain. Capogrosso's team also has tested it to help people paralyzed by strokes or spinal cord injury move their arms and legs with assistance. The system sends electrical signals to nerves that have stopped reacting. This has the effect of activating the muscles. Capogrosso wondered if that same technology might help patients with SMA by stimulating sensory nerves to signal damaged muscle cells causing them to move. The researchers at the University of Pittsburgh published their study in Nature Medicine. They implanted electrodes over the lower spinal cord of the three adults with SMA. Using the device did not return normal movement but with a few hours of spinal stimulation a week, all soon experienced improvements in muscle strength and function, the researchers wrote. "You never get better" Fifty-seven-year-old Doug McCullough took part in the study. "With a progressive disease you never get any better," he said, adding, “So having any improvement is just a really surreal and very exciting benefit." All three subjects increased how far they could walk in six minutes by the study's end. Capogrosso said they could walk farther because they got less tired and “even a person this many years into the disease can improve." Researchers found the improvements did not disappear as soon as the stimulator was turned off. But they did decrease a few months after the study ended. Neuroscientist Susan Harkema led similar studies of stimulation for spinal cord injuries while at the University of Louisville. She warned that the new study is small and did not last very long but said it was an important test of the device. She said it should be tested next with other muscle-degenerating diseases. Capogrosso said some small but longer studies are beginning. 【译文欣赏】 研究：电疗设备有助于增强肌肉力量 研究人员最近报告了一项关于植入体内的医疗设备——脊柱刺激植入物的研究新证据。三名患有肌肉破坏性疾病的人在使用该植入物后变得更强壮了一些。由于脊髓受到电刺激，他们能够更轻松地站立和行走。 匹兹堡大学助理教授马尔科·卡波格罗索领导了这项研究。他说："这些人绝对没有预料到会有改善。"卡波格罗索说，在为期一个月的研究中，"他们的情况越来越好。"植入物能够恢复一些肌肉功能，至少是暂时的。该植入物已经在其他患者中进行了治疗瘫痪的测试。这一新证据表明，它也可能有助于治疗神经系统疾病，如脊髓性肌萎缩症（SMA）。 SMA是一种遗传性疾病，会慢慢破坏运动神经元，即脊髓中控制肌肉的神经细胞。这会导致肌肉萎缩，尤其是腿部、臀部和肩部的肌肉，有时还会影响呼吸和吞咽的肌肉。目前尚无治愈方法。基因疗法可以挽救患有严重疾病的幼儿的生命，也有一些药物可以减缓老年患者的病情。 长期以来，人们一直使用低强度电刺激脊髓来治疗慢性或长期疼痛。卡波格罗索的团队还对其进行了测试，以帮助因中风或脊髓损伤而瘫痪的人在辅助下活动手臂和腿部。该系统向已停止反应的神经发送电信号。这具有激活肌肉的效果。 卡波格罗索想知道，同样的技术是否可以通过刺激感觉神经向受损的肌肉细胞发出信号，使其运动，从而帮助SMA患者。匹兹堡大学的研究人员在《自然医学》上发表了他们的研究。他们在三名患有SMA的成年人的下脊髓上植入了电极。研究人员写道，使用该设备并不能恢复正常运动，但每周进行几个小时的脊柱刺激后，所有人的肌肉力量和功能很快都得到了改善。 57岁的道格·麦卡洛参加了这项研究。他说："对于一种渐进性疾病，你永远不会好转。"他补充说："所以，任何改善都是一种非常超现实和非常令人兴奋的益处。"在研究结束时，所有三名受试者都增加了他们在六分钟内可以行走的距离。 卡波格罗索说，他们可以走得更远，因为他们不那么累了，"即使是患病这么多年的人也可以有所改善。"研究人员发现，一旦刺激器关闭，改善并不会立即消失。但在研究结束几个月后，改善确实有所减少。 神经科学家苏珊·哈基玛在路易斯维尔大学时领导了类似的脊髓损伤刺激研究。她警告说，这项新研究的规模很小，持续时间也不长，但她说这是对该设备的一项重要测试。她说，接下来应该在其他肌肉退行性疾病中进行测试。 卡波格罗索说，一些小型但更长期的研究正在开始。 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 stimulate – v. to make (something) more active刺激 implant – n. something placed in a person's body through a medical operation植入物 function –n. the work that something is designed to do功能 paralysis –n. the condition of not being able to move muscles, especially those in the arms and legs瘫痪 neuron - n. a cell that carries messages between the brain and other parts of the body and that is the basic unit of the nervous system神经元 stroke –n. a serious medical condition caused by a loss of oxygen or blood flow to the brain when a blood vessel is blocked or bursts surreal – adj. very strange or unusual; having the quality of a dream超现实 degenerate – v. to change to a worse state or condition; to become worse, weaker, or less useful退化 benefit –n. a good result from doing something益处 【知识拓展】 古代利用天然电：公元 1 世纪，古罗马医生拉杰斯就曾用让痛风病人踩电鳐的方法来减轻病症。 18 世纪理论起步：18 世纪中叶，欧美医生开始观察到静电场对人体有治疗作用，美国科学家富兰克林 1752 年将雷电收集至莱顿瓶内，还用此 “电” 治疗痛风，后改装摩擦电机，将人体置于电场内，发现对多种疾病有效果，开启了静电疗法研究。 19 世纪原始设备出现：1864 年霍乐兹・托普拉发明感应机后，杰姆百斯特将其改良制造出最原始的静电场治疗仪。 【词汇延伸】 chronic adj.慢性的 electrode n. 电极 progressive adj. 进行性的 综合实战演练 （一） (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D篇)As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well­being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park­goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant's experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.” Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human­nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 1．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A．Pocket parks are now popular. B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C．Many cities are overpopulated. D．People enjoy living close to nature. 2．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A．To compare different types of park­goers. B．To explain why the park attracts tourists. C．To analyze the main features of the park. D．To find patterns in the visitors' summaries. 3．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5? A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C．The same nature experience takes different forms. D．The nature language enhances work performance. 4．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A．Language study. B．Environmental conservation. C．Public education. D．Intercultural communication. ( 高考英语阅读理解主要考查考生对不同体裁和题材语言材料的理解能力，以及通过阅读材料获取信息的能力。掌握一定的做题技巧，有助于考生更好地应对阅读理解题型，提高答题的准确率和效率。以下是一些实用的高考英语阅读理解做题技巧： 快速浏览，掌握主旨 ：拿到阅读理解文章后，先快速浏览文章的标题、首尾段以及每段的首句和尾句。标题往往能点明文章的主题，而首尾段和段落首句、尾句通常包含文章的关键信息和主旨大意。通过快速浏览这些部分，能对文章的大致内容和中心思想有一个初步的了解，为后续的深入阅读和答题做好铺垫。例如，在一篇关于环境保护的文章中，首段可能会提出环境问题的严重性，尾段可能会给出解决问题的建议，这样就能迅速把握文章主旨。 详读题目，明确要求 ：仔细阅读题目和选项，明确题目所问的内容和要求。注意题目中的关键词，如疑问词（what、why、where、when、how 等）、限定词（only、all、mainly、especially 等），这些关键词能帮助你准确找到答题的方向。同时，分析选项之间的差异和特点，有些选项可能在表述上过于绝对，有些选项可能与文章的主题或已知信息不符，通过初步判断可以排除一些明显错误的选项。 带着问题，回文定位 ：根据题目中的关键词，回到文章中找到与之相关的段落或句子。在定位时，可以使用一些技巧，如查找人名、地名、数字、专有名词等，这些信息在文章中比较容易找到，并且往往与题目相关。找到相关段落或句子后，仔细阅读上下文，理解其含义，确保准确把握信息。比如，题目问某个人的观点，就需要找到文中该人所说的话或相关的表述。 分析选项，排除干扰 ：对每个选项进行分析，判断其与文章内容的匹配程度。干扰选项通常有以下几种类型： 无中生有 ：选项中的内容在文章中没有提及，是凭空捏造的。 张冠李戴 ：把文章中其他人物或事物的特点、行为等错误地安在题目所问的对象上。 过于绝对 ：使用了 “all”“always”“never”“only” 等过于绝对的词汇，而文章中并没有这样的表述。 偷换概念 ：对文章中的某些概念进行了替换或歪曲，导致选项与原文意思不符。 以偏概全 ：只根据文章中的部分内容就得出结论，而忽略了其他相关信息。 合理推理，注意细节 ：有些题目需要考生根据文章内容进行合理的推理和判断，不能仅仅局限于文章表面的信息。在推理时，要依据文章的事实和逻辑，避免主观臆断。同时，要注意文章中的细节信息，如日期、数字、形容词、副词等，这些细节往往是答题的关键。例如，文章中提到某个事件发生的时间是 “in the 1980s”，而选项中说 “in the 1990s”，这就是一个细节错误。 复查答案，确保无误 ：完成所有题目后，要对答案进行复查。检查每个答案是否都 有文章中的 依据，是否符合逻辑和文章的主旨。对于不确定的题目，可以再次回到文章中查找相关信息，进行仔细的分析和判断。同时，要注意答题的规范性，如涂卡是否正确、书写是否清晰等。 总之，高考英语阅读理解需要考生具备扎实的语言基础和良好的阅读技巧。通过不断地练习和总结，掌握这些做题技巧，才能在考试中取得更好的成绩。 ) 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过对一项新的研究结果及其过程的描述，向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类健康的重要性，同时也指出要保护大自然。 1.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find”以及“it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild”可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故B项正确。 2.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories ... began to emerge.”可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故D项正确。 3.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段所举的例子“the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying ... a fountain on their lunch break”可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，在工作日可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故C项正确。 4.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段Kahn的话“And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it”可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然，故B项正确。 ( Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. 主句(含有动名词短语作主语)＋非限制性定语从句(含有一个限制性定语从句) 翻译： 命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言， 这有助于人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。 ) ( ① access to　　　　　　　 能够接触、使用或进入 …… 的权利或机会 ② focus on 专注于 ③ take part in 参加 ④ bring ...back into ... 让 …… 回归到 …… ⑤ interact with 与 …… 互动 ) 全文翻译 随着城市规模如气球般迅速膨胀，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接触到大自然。如果你运气好的话，你居住的附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市中找到相对原生态的地方实属罕见。 过去的研究已经发现，大自然对人类的健康和幸福有益，而一项新的研究表明，城市地区的自然原生态对于人类的福祉极为重要。 研究团队聚焦于一个大型城市公园。他们对几百名逛公园的人进行了调查，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，讲述自己在公园里与大自然的一次有意义的互动经历。然后，研究人员对这些提交的内容进行了审查，将这些经历编码归类到不同的类别中。例如，一位参与者 “我们在海滩上坐了一会儿，听着海浪声” 的经历被归为 “坐在海滩上” 和 “听海浪声” 这两个类别。 在这 320 份提交的内容中，一种被研究人员称为 “自然语言” 的类别模式开始显现出来。在对所有提交内容进行编码后，有六个类别被频繁地认为对游客来说很重要。其中包括邂逅野生动物、沿着水边散步以及沿着已有的小径行走。 给每一种与自然接触的体验命名，就创造出了一种实用的语言，这有助于人们识别并参与到那些对他们来说最令人满足、最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的体验，对于一位在周末到公园远足的年轻职场人士来说可能会让他感到满足。在工作日回到市中心后，他们可以在午休时间沿着喷泉散步，以一种更日常的形式享受这种与自然的互动。 “我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人与自然的互动重新融入我们的日常生活中。而要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动。” 该研究的资深作者彼得・卡恩说道。 （二） （2025·河南新乡·一模）Four Online Places to Help Your English Speaking Go Speaky Price: Free. What it is: If you don’t want to download or install (安装) any special programs for voice and video chat, you can just sign up on Go Speaky. This website has a built-in video chat right on the website, so you can find and talk to people without leaving your browser (浏览器) . Lingoglobe Price: Free. What it is: With thousands of members, Lingoglobe has many great options to find a language exchange friend. You can find someone who is currently available, or you can visit the lively new Language Forum (论坛). where many language students like you are searching for someone to practise speaking with. It might be a smaller website, but the people are friendly and you can search for people by the language that they want to learn (or are willing to teach). You can even search for people by hobbies and interests. Coeffee Price: Free. What it is: Coeffee is a fun website that teaches languages through games. You can play against others in games like “Make Phrase”, where you choose the correct words to form a sentence, or you can play word guessing games. Have fun while you learn with other people — you can make friends through the main games and become a part of the community. Coffee Strap Price: Free. What it is: Coffee Strap only has about 2, 500 users, but it makes up for the small size with a smart matching method that finds speaking partners that you’ll enjoy talking with. Once you have found a partner, you can engage in guided conversations which are only seven minutes long. After the seven minutes are over, you will get a different partner to continue practising with. That means you can get a lot of practice here. 1．What is special about Go Speaky? A．You can chat with thousands of members. B．You can visit the lively new Language Forum. C．You needn’t download special programs for video chat. D．You can engage in guided conversations. 2．Which of the following will you choose if you want to learn English through games? A．Go Speaky. B．Lingoglobe. C．Coeffee. D．Coffee Strap. 3．What do the four places have in common? A．They are free of charge. B．They are very popular in the world. C．They have a small number of users. D．They are helpful to improve your written English. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个免费的在线学英语口语的平台。 1．细节理解题。根据Go Speaky部分中“If you don’t want to download or install (安装) any special programs for voice and video chat, you can just sign up on Go Speaky. This website has a built in video chat right on the website, so you can find and talk to people without leaving your browser (浏览器). (如果你不想下载或安装任何用于语音和视频聊天的特殊程序，你可以在Go Speaky上注册。这个网站有一个内置的视频聊天功能，所以你可以不用离开浏览器就找到人并和他们交谈)”可知，Go Speaky的特别之处在于无需下载用于视频聊天的特殊程序。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Coeffee部分中“Coeffee is a fun website that teaches languages through games. (Coeffee是一个通过游戏教授语言的有趣网站)”可知，如果你想通过游戏学习英语，应该选择Coeffee。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据Go Speaky部分“Price: Free.(价格：免费)”、Lingoglobe部分“Price: Free. (价格：免费)”、Coeffee部分“Price: Free. (价格：免费)”和Coffee Strap部分“Price: Free. (价格：免费)”可知，这四个平台的共同之处是都免费。故选A项。 （三） （24-25高三上·山西·期末）When chemist Robert Hamers cracked (打开) open the cup he had used to heat a brew of’ metal crystals (晶体) , he was greeted with something special: a wonderful small forest in deep shades of green. The cobalt-containing crystals he had been growing for two weeks in a tool had vined their way upward from the base in a surprisingly familiar pattern and shade to match. It looked as if tiny elm trees, surrounded by shrubs and hedges, had been skillfully drawn inside the egg-shaped cup. “I was completely awestruck,” said Hamers. “What really surprised me was, you look at it and you see a trunk is growing down from the bottom, and there are branches, and they are pretty well resolved.” Hamers had set out to grow “a very large” crystal of lithium cobalt dioxide (二氧化钴锂) , the material used in the batteries powering mobile phones, laptops, video cameras, and other electronic devices. He planned to use it to develop a fingerprint of the chemical in nature, through a technique known as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Once developed, the fingerprint could be used to scan landfill sites and other environments for the leaked chemical from discarded (丢弃的) batteries, tracing the chemical to its end of life. There was a long lead up time to cracking open the sealed cup. First, a few bits of lithium cobalt oxide were put inside, an ink-black powder to the eye. Extremely high temperatures are required, reaching beyond 1,292 degrees Fahrenheit. Then the cooling begins: Larger crystals only form if the cooling period is extremely slow — in this case the scientists gave it two weeks. Ultimately, the experiment failed: The crystals that grew inside the cup weren’t big enough for the tests Hamers wanted to do. But his photo of the result won one of the awards of the university’s Science Image Contest. Even failure can carry a touch of magic. 1．What was the outcome of Hamers experiment? A．The crystals were big enough. B．The crystals were dangerous to users. C．The crystals formed a forest-like pattern. D．The experiment was a complete success. 2．How did Hamers feel when he cracked open the cup? A．Disappointed. B．Amazed. C．Doubtful. D．Relieved. 3．What was the main purpose of the chemical fingerprint Hamers wanted to develop? A．To identify the crystal structure. B．To enhance battery performance. C．To improve crystal growth techniques. D．To track the chemical in the environment. 4．What is the text meant to show us? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．You can’t judge a book by its cover. D．Don’t count your chickens before they hatch. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了化学家 Robert Hamers 在进行二氧化钴锂晶体生长实验时，虽然实验未达到预期目标，但却意外得到了具有独特森林状图案的晶体，其照片还在大学科学图像竞赛中获奖，说明了即使失败也可能蕴含着神奇之处。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When chemist Robert Hamers cracked (打开) open the cup he had used to heat a brew of’ metal crystals (晶体) , he was greeted with something special: a wonderful small forest in deep shades of green.( 当化学家Robert Hamers打开他用来加热金属晶体的杯子时，眼前出现了一些特别的东西：一片美丽的深绿色小森林。)”以及第二段“The cobalt-containing crystals he had been growing for two weeks in a tool had vined their way upward from the base in a surprisingly familiar pattern and shade to match. It looked as if tiny elm trees, surrounded by shrubs and hedges, had been skillfully drawn inside the egg-shaped cup.( 他在一个工具里培育了两个星期的含钴晶体，它们以一种令人惊讶的熟悉的模式和颜色从底座向上爬升。它看起来就像被灌木和树篱包围的小榆树被巧妙地画在了鸡蛋形状的杯子里。)” 可知，Hamers实验的结果是晶体形成了类似森林的图案。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段““I was completely awestruck,” said Hamers. “What really surprised me was, you look at it and you see a trunk is growing down from the bottom, and there are branches, and they are pretty well resolved.”(“我完全惊呆了，” Hamers说。“真正让我惊讶的是，你看它，你会看到一根树干从底部向下生长，还有树枝，它们很好地解决了问题。”)”可知，当 Hamers打开杯子时，他感到非常惊讶。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He planned to use it to develop a fingerprint of the chemical in nature, through a technique known as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Once developed, the fingerprint could be used to scan landfill sites and other environments for the leaked chemical from discarded (丢弃的) batteries, tracing the chemical to its end of life.(他计划用它来开发自然界化学物质的指纹，通过一种被称为傅里叶变换红外光谱的技术。一旦开发出来，指纹可以用来扫描垃圾填埋场和其他环境中从废弃电池中泄漏的化学物质，追踪化学物质的使用寿命。)”可知，Hamers想要开发的化学指纹的主要目的是追踪环境中的化学物质。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“But his photo of the result won one of the awards of the university’s Science Image Contest. Even failure can carry a touch of magic.(但他拍摄的照片赢得了该校科学图像大赛的一个奖项。即使失败也能带来一丝魔力。)”可知，文章讲述了Hamers的实验虽然失败了（晶体不够大无法进行测试），但他实验结果的照片却在大学科学图像竞赛中获奖，即即使失败也有好的一面。A选项“Every cloud has a silver lining.”（黑暗中总有一线光明；塞翁失马，焉知非福）符合文章主旨。故选A项。 （四） （2025届四川省南充市高三适应性考试二模英语试题）As cities around the world attempt to solve jam and seek to lower emissions, one New Zealand-based startup is looking for solutions. This year, Whoosh will begin construction on an innovative network of ride-hailing (打车服务) in a 370-acre area of tourism hot spot Queenstown-the first of its kind. Whoosh resembles a ski lift, but operates differently. While a ski lift transports its cabin (轿厢) by moving the entire cableway, each Whoosh cabin uses an electric motor to drive itself along a fixed network of cables and rails at an average speed of about 26 m. p. h. “Powering the cabins themselves means the guideway can be really simple, low-cost infrastructure,” Whoosh CEO Chris Allington says. The cabins have a mechanism that allows them to switch from cables to suspended rails at speed, meaning that, unlike a ski lift, Whoosh can change paths anytime from pickup to drop-off without stopping. Whoosh cabins consume less energy than other vehicles, because by using a dedicated guideway, they prevent energy-wasting actions such as braking in traffic. In addition, it has roughly a fifth of carbon emission compared with ground-level rail networks. As part of the pilot plan by 2027, Whoosh could help reduce travel time and are twice as efficient as the most economical electric cars. Users will be able to hail rides on demand, either by using a user-friendly app which provides real-time vehicle location and estimated arrival time, or through the ticket-vending machines available at key locations. Of course, the plan remains untested, but the company already has its sights set on the five North Texas cities in the U.S. “Turns out, none of the high-tech innovations are rally designed to solve the problem that most of the world is facing,” Allington says. “Subways cater to high-density centers, while cars suit low-density urban areas. Whoosh, which targets trips of 1 to 5 miles, offers a solution for those in the middle ground. We find that people want to live in medium-density areas, but they just aren’t well supported by either automobiles or mass transport,” he says. 1．How is Whoosh different from a ski lift? A．Its motor is simpler. B．It has flexible routes. C．1ts running speed is faster. D．It moves the whole cableway. 2．Which of the following can make Whoosh cabins more energy-efficient? A．A dedicated guideway. B．A unique braking system C．Zero carbon emission. D．Ground-level rail networks. 3．What is Whoosh expected to do by 2027? A．Improve the safety of travel. B．Double the efficiency of electric cars. C．Provide handy ride-hailing services. D．Replace traditional subway. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph according to Allington? A．Subways are suitable for low-density urban areas. B．Transport in medium-density areas needs improvement. C．Mass transport has already been sufficient. D．Innovations can’t address the world’s problems. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家新西兰初创公司Whoosh推出的新型打车服务系统，该系统通过创新的电动缆车技术在旅游热点皇后镇的一个370英亩区域内构建了一个打车网络。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The cabins have a mechanism that allows them to switch from cables to suspended rails at speed, meaning that, unlike a ski lift, Whoosh can change paths anytime from pickup to drop-off without stopping. (这些轿厢配备了一种机制，使其能够在高速行驶时从缆绳切换到悬挂轨道上，这意味着与滑雪缆车不同，Whoosh在从接客点到下客点的过程中可以随时改变路线，而无需停下。)”可知，Whoosh的轿厢有一种机制，允许它们在运行时从缆绳切换到悬挂轨道，这意味着与滑雪缆车不同，Whoosh可以在接送过程中随时改变路径而无需停车，即 Whoosh的路线更灵活。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Whoosh cabins consume less energy than other vehicles, because by using a dedicated guideway, they prevent energy-wasting actions such as braking in traffic. (Whoosh 轿厢比其他交通工具消耗的能源更少，因为它们使用专用导轨，避免了诸如在交通拥堵中刹车这类浪费能源的行为。)”可知，Whoosh轿厢比其他车辆消耗的能源更少，原因是通过使用专用导轨，它们避免了在交通中刹车等浪费能源的行为，所以专用导轨使 Whoosh轿厢更节能。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“As part of the pilot plan by 2027, Whoosh could help reduce travel time and are twice as efficient as the most economical electric cars. Users will be able to hail rides on demand, either by using a user-friendly app which provides real-time vehicle location and estimated arrival time, or through the ticket-vending machines available at key locations. (作为到 2027年试点计划的一部分，Whoosh有望缩短出行时间，其效率是最节能的电动汽车的两倍。用户将能够按需叫车，既可以通过一款操作方便的应用程序，该程序能提供车辆的实时位置和预计到达时间，也可以通过设置在关键地点的自动售票机来叫车。)”可知，作为 2027年试点计划的一部分，Whoosh能够帮助减少出行时间，效率是最经济的电动汽车的两倍，并且用户可以通过方便的应用程序（提供车辆实时位置和预计到达时间）或关键地点的自动售票机按需叫车，这说明到2027年Whoosh预计能提供便捷的打车服务。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Subways cater to high-density centers, while cars suit low-density urban areas. Whoosh, which targets trips of 1 to 5 miles, offers a solution for those in the middle ground. We find that people want to live in medium-density areas, but they just aren’t well supported by either automobiles or mass transport,” he says. (他说：“地铁适合人口高密度的中心区域，而汽车适合人口低密度的城市地区。Whoosh的目标是解决1 到5英里行程的出行问题，为处于两者之间的情况提供了一个解决方案。我们发现，人们想住在中等密度的地区，但在这些地区，汽车出行和公共交通都无法很好地满足他们的需求。”)”可知，地铁适合高密度中心区域，汽车适合低密度城市地区，Whoosh针对1到5英里行程的出行问题，为中等密度地区的出行提供解决方案，因为人们想住在中等密度地区，但在这些地区汽车和公共交通都无法很好地满足他们的需求，这意味着中等密度地区的交通需要改善。故选B。 （五） （2025届山东省临沂市高三一模考试英语试卷）Statistics show that the market value of global Extended Reality (XR) industry has gone beyond $20.4 billion. XR, an umbrella term including technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR), refers to real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated by wearable devices and computer technology. As XR technologies become more mature, they have been gradually applied in more scenarios (场景) that are closely related to the daily life of ordinary people, and have seen new consumer markets in recent years. The application of XR technologies has made it possible for users to “travel to the past” and “wander in the universe” through virtual trips. An XR experience store in Shenzhen, recently launched a program e for citizens, which involved digital tours to the Jurassic period (侏罗纪) and outer space. XR technologies have also been integrated into the application scenarios concerning smart tourism projects. XR technologies can help tourist attractions launch systems that enable visitors to better learn about faraway places and remote times in immersive (沉浸式的) scenes, as well as tourist guide systems and other systems that bring wonderful experiences for visitors through VR or AR glasses, mobile apps and browsers. Compared with offline tours, scenarios reproduced by XR technologies can enrich the experiences of users. China’s Spring Festival Gala last year adopted XR technologies, enabling singers who couldn’t be present at the gala to give performances remotely. The XR industry is full of possibilities, and the 5G technology is considered a catalyst (催化剂) for further stimulating its potential. Last January, the branch of China Mobile, a major Chinese telecommunications operator in Zhengzhou, built the province’s first “5G+XR” commercial complex in shopping mall. Industry insiders pointed out that with constant progress being made in the large-scale deployment of the 5G network and its innovative applications, the “5G+XR” model is producing a large number of new application scenarios including social networking, office work, entertainment, exhibition and education, which will provide broad development space for the XR industry. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The historical development of XR technologies. B．The XR technologies and their commercial value. C．The challenges faced by the XR industry in the global market. D．The comparison between XR and other emerging technologies. 2．How does XR help in daily life? A．Help visitors better plan their travel routes. B．Take users to travel in outer space in person. C．Let singers in different places share the same stage. D．Make tourist attractions more environmentally friendly. 3．What can be inferred from the passage about the “5G+XR” model? A．It has been widely used in Zhengzhou. B．It will lead to more people to fail to socialize. C．It will create many new opportunities for people. D．It has made traditional shopping malls disappear. 4．How does the writer introduce the use of XR technologies in the text? A．By listing data. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By explaining reasons. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要介绍了扩展现实（XR）技术的定义、应用场景以及其与5G技术的结合所带来的潜力。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段前二句“Statistics show that the market value of global Extended Reality (XR) industry has gone beyond $20.4 billion. XR, an umbrella term including technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR), refers to real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated by wearable devices and computer technology. (统计数据显示，全球扩展现实（XR）行业的市场价值已超过204亿美元。XR是一个涵盖虚拟现实（VR）、增强现实（AR）和混合现实（MR）等技术的总称，指的是通过可穿戴设备和计算机技术生成的虚实结合环境和人机交互。)”可知，本段主要介绍了XR市场价值和它包含了那些技术，也就是XR的技术及其商业价值。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“China’s Spring Festival Gala last year adopted XR technologies, enabling singers who couldn’t be present at the gala to give performances remotely. (去年的中国春节联欢晚会采用了XR技术，使得无法到场的歌手能够远程表演。)”可知，XR技术可以让不同地方的歌手共享同一个舞台，这是生活中运用XR技术的一个例子。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Industry insiders pointed out that with constant progress being made in the large-scale deployment of the 5G network and its innovative applications, the “5G+XR” model is producing a large number of new application scenarios including social networking, office work, entertainment, exhibition and education, which will provide broad development space for the XR industry. (业内人士指出，随着5G网络大规模部署及其创新应用的不断推进，“5G+XR”模式正在产生大量新的应用场景，包括社交、办公、娱乐、展览和教育，这将为XR行业提供广阔的发展空间。)”可知，“5G+XR”模式将应用于多种新场景，能给人们创造许多新的机会。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“An XR experience store in Shenzhen, recently launched a program for citizens, which involved digital tours to the Jurassic period and outer space. (深圳的一家XR体验店最近为市民推出了一个项目，其中包括侏罗纪时期和外太空的数字之旅。)”，第三段第二句“XR technologies can help tourist attractions launch systems that enable visitors to better learn about faraway places and remote times in immersive (沉浸式的) scenes, as well as tourist guide systems and other systems that bring wonderful experiences for visitors through VR or AR glasses, mobile apps and browsers. (XR技术可以帮助旅游景区推出系统，让游客通过沉浸式场景更好地了解远方的地方和遥远的年代，同时还能通过VR或AR眼镜、移动应用程序和浏览器等设备，为游客带来精彩的体验，例如旅游导览系统和其他相关系统。)”，以及第四段“China’s Spring Festival Gala last year adopted XR technologies, enabling singers who couldn’t be present at the gala to give performances remotely. (去年的中国春节联欢晚会采用了XR技术，使得无法到场的歌手能够远程表演。)”可知，作者通过列举XR技术在深圳的体验店、智能旅游项目以及春节联欢晚会中的应用，介绍了XR技术的使用。这是通过举例来介绍XR技术的应用。故选B项。 （六） （24-25高二下·河北保定·开学考试）It is no secret that social media is harmful to everyone for many reasons: from general internet safety, to causing insecurities or becoming a major distraction. 1 Social media can have a large impact on people’s perspectives, opinions and the way they view the world — especially teenagers. In recent years, social media creators have done a really effective job of creating algorithms (算法) that can keep track of what you engage with, and provide more content based on your preferences and interests. 2 Exposure to only one perspective in the long run can lead to what are called echo chambers, or situations in which one’s beliefs are constantly supported by the people around them, rather than hearing other opinions. 3 By only being exposed to people who agree with you, you are prevented from considering other perspectives, which perpetuates (使持续) close-minded attitudes. Since social media users are used to seeing content they agree with, the first opinion that they see on a new issue is the one they are most likely to agree with, despite not hearing opposing thoughts. 4 Recently, the term “chronically online takes” has resurfaced on social media. This concept refers to opinions that only seem to exist online, and lack the support of real world experience. 5 In fact, chronically online takes are problematic themselves, successfully weakening actual issues that should be called out. A．This fails to show respect for your privacy. B．This ensures that you continue using social media. C．Usually, it takes the form of calling things problematic. D．However, the negatives of social media go even deeper than that. E．The key issue is that people are content with being told what to think. F．The problem with echo chambers is that they discourage critical thinking. G．Echo chambers increase social media users’ impatience and kills their creativity. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．E 5．C 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了社交媒体妨碍批判性思维。 1．根据前文“It is no secret that social media is harmful to everyone for many reasons: from general internet safety, to causing insecurities or becoming a major distraction.(众所周知，社交媒体对每个人都有害，原因有很多：从一般的互联网安全，到造成不安全感或成为主要的分心因素)”以及后文“Social media can have a large impact on people’s perspectives, opinions and the way they view the world — especially teenagers.(社交媒体对人们的观点、看法以及他们看待世界的方式有着巨大影响，尤其是对青少年而言)”可知，前文讲述社交媒体的坏处，后面进一步讲述坏处，所以D项“However, the negatives of social media go even deeper than that.(然而，社交媒体的负面影响远不止于此)”和前文构成转折关系，并引出后文，符合文意。故选D项。 2．根据前文“In recent years, social media creators have done a really effective job of creating algorithms (算法) that can keep track of what you engage with, and provide more content based on your preferences and interests.(近年来，社交媒体创建者在创建算法方面做了非常有效的工作，这些算法可以跟踪你参与的内容，并根据你的偏好和兴趣提供更多内容)”可知，B项“This ensures that you continue using social media.(这可以确保你继续使用社交媒体)”是讲述前文内容的结果，符合文意。故选B项。 3．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“By only being exposed to people who agree with you, you are prevented from considering other perspectives, which perpetuates (使持续) close-minded attitudes.(只接触与你意见一致的人，你就无法考虑其他观点，从而使思想封闭的态度永久化)”以及上文内容“Exposure to only one perspective in the long run can lead to what are called echo chambers, or situations in which one’s beliefs are constantly supported by the people around them, rather than hearing other opinions.(长期只接触一种观点会导致所谓的回音室，或者一个人的信仰不断得到周围人的支持，而不是听到其他观点的情况)”可知，F项“The problem with echo chambers is that they discourage critical thinking.(回音室的问题在于它阻碍了批判性思维)”承接上文，后文是对本句的解释，符合文意。故选F项。 4．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Since social media users are used to seeing content they agree with, the first opinion that they see on a new issue is the one they are most likely to agree with, despite not hearing opposing thoughts.(由于社交媒体用户习惯于看到他们同意的内容，他们在新问题上看到的第一个观点就是他们最有可能同意的观点，尽管他们没有听到相反的观点)”可知，E项“The key issue is that people are content with being told what to think.(关键问题是，人们满足于被告知该怎么想)”是对前文的总结，讲述人们没有听到相反的观点，但是很满足。故选E项。 5．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“In fact, chronically online takes are problematic themselves, successfully weakening actual issues that should be called out.(事实上，那些经常上网发表的观点本身就有问题，它们成功地弱化了那些本应被指出的实际问题)”可知，C项“Usually, it takes the form of calling things problematic.(通常，这种做法表现为将事物称为“有问题”)”符合本段主题，讲述网上发表的观点有问题。故选C项。 （七） 完形填空 （24-25高二上·陕西西安·期中）In Las Vegas, one parent’s determination to help his daughter catch up on her reading has led to the 1 of a groundbreaking approach in educational technology. Dave Vinzant is a father to 8-year-old Aubrie who encountered difficulties in 2 at school. “It was about halfway through the first grade that we .3 she couldn’t read,” said Vinzant. Despite their efforts, traditional methods weren’t bringing about the .4 results. “The strong sense of failure hit her,” Vinzant recalled. “After an hour of trying to .5 a 10-15 page little book, she was crying.” Determined to 6 a solution, Vinzant took matters into his own hands. Although lacking 7 in computer programming, he made up his mind to develop a tool that could 8 assist his daughter. The result? A free application called WordStumble came out. WordStumble isn’t simply any reading APP 9 by artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT. The program customizes (定制) stories for each 10 . “What is magical is that it can 11 all of those words that the user knows or struggles with and then generate a customized children’s story,” Vinzant explained. For Vinzant, the success of WordStumble isn’t just 12 , he wants to share with others. With his dedication and innovation, Vinzant is not only changing the landscape of reading apps but also giving hope to countless parents and children 13 similar challenges. And as WordStumble 14 improving, it’s clear that the power of one person’s passion can make a world of difference for many young 15 everywhere. 1．A．interaction B．creation C．separation D．comparison 2．A．listening B．reading C．speaking D．writing 3．A．ceased B．adopted C．regretted D．realized 4．A．controlled B．labeled C．expected D．combined 5．A．get through B．appeal to C．side with D．break out 6．A．defend B．blame C．find D．suspect 7．A．energy B．knowledge C．abstract D．advertisement 8．A．adorably B．initially C．logically D．effectively 9．A．defeated B．stretched C．swung D．powered 10．A．situation B．user C．phone D．computer 11．A．collect B．secure C．spread D．commit 12．A．distinct B．popular C．personal D．convenient 13．A．wandering B．predicting C．facing D．integrating 14．A．continues B．imagines C．avoids D．forgets 15．A．drivers B．waiters C．actors D．learners 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。Dave Vinzant因女儿阅读困难，虽缺编程知识仍开发WordStumble应用，该应用可定制故事，其成功还能帮其他面临类似难题的孩子。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在拉斯维加斯，一位父亲决心帮助女儿提高阅读能力，这促成了一种教育技术领域开创性方法的诞生。A. interaction互动；B. creation创造，诞生；C. separation分离；D. comparison比较。由下文“a groundbreaking approach in educational technology”及父亲开发WordStumble应用程序可知，这里指一种开创性的方法诞生。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意： Dave Vinzant是 8 岁的奥布里的父亲，奥布里在学校阅读方面遇到了困难。A. listening听力；B. reading阅读；C. speaking口语；D. writing写作。由上文“help his daughter catch up on her reading”可知，奥布里在阅读方面有困难。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“大约在一年级过半的时候，我们意识到她不会阅读，” Vinzant说。A. ceased停止；B. adopted采用；收养；C. regretted后悔；D. realized意识到。由上文“about halfway through the first grade”以及下文“she couldn’t read”可知，此处指父亲在一年级中期时意识到女儿不会阅读。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们努力了，但传统方法并没有带来预期的效果。A. controlled受控制的；B. labeled有标签的；C. expected预期的；D. combined组合的。由下文“The strong sense of failure hit her”可知，后文说女儿的挫败感，所以猜测传统方法没达到预期效果。故选C项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在努力读完一本10-15页的小书一小时后，她哭了。A. get through读完；通过；B. appeal to吸引；呼吁；C. side with支持；D. break out爆发。由上文“an hour”以及下文“a 10-15 page little book”可知，这里指读完一本小书需要用一个小时。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：决心找到解决办法，Vinzant决定自己动手。A. defend保卫；B. blame责备；C. find找到；D. suspect怀疑。由下文“A free application called WordStumble came out”可知，后文讲父亲自己开发应用程序，所以这里指他决心找到解决办法。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管缺乏计算机编程知识，但他下定决心开发一种能有效帮助女儿的工具。A. energy能量；精力；B. knowledge知识；C. abstract摘要；D. advertisement广告。由下文“he made up his mind to develop a tool”以及上文Although表转折可知，此处指父亲缺乏编程知识。故选B项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管缺乏计算机编程知识，但他下定决心开发一种能有效帮助女儿的工具。A. adorably可爱地；B. initially最初；C. logically逻辑上；D. effectively有效地。由上文“she couldn’t read”以及语境可知，父亲开发工具的目的是为了有效帮助女儿解决阅读问题。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：WordStumble不仅仅是一款由人工智能，特别是ChatGPT 驱动的阅读应用程序。A. defeated击败；B. stretched伸展；C. swung摇摆；D. powered驱动。由下文“by artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT”可知，此处指该应用程序由人工智能驱动。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该程序为每个用户定制故事。A. situation情况；B. user用户；C. phone电话；D. computer电脑。由下文“the user knows or struggles with”可知，这里指该程序可以为每个用户定制个性化的故事。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“神奇的是，它可以收集用户认识或感到困难的所有单词，然后生成一个定制的儿童故事，”Vinzant解释说。A. collect收集；B. secure保护；获得；C. spread传播；D. commit承诺；犯罪。由下文“then generate a customized children’s story”可知，这里指先收集用户的单词然后再用这些词创造故事。故选A项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对Vinzant来说，WordStumble的成功不仅仅是个人的，他想与他人分享。A. distinct明显的；独特的；B. popular流行的；C. personal个人的；D. convenient方便的。由下文“he wants to share with others”可知，后文说Vinzant想分享，所以他认为成功不只是个人的事。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：凭借他的奉献精神和创新精神，Vinzant不仅改变了阅读应用程序的格局，也给了无数面临类似挑战的父母和孩子希望。A. wandering徘徊；B. predicting预测；C. facing面对；D. integrating整合。由下文“giving hope to countless parents and children”可知，这里指Vinzant希望通过该程序帮助面临类似挑战的父母和孩子。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着WordStumble不断改进，很明显，一个人的热情力量可以为各地许多年轻学习者带来巨大改变。A. continues继续；B. imagines想象；C. avoids避免；D. forgets忘记。由下文“improving”可知，此处指为了更好服务用户，应用程序会继续改进。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着WordStumble不断改进，很明显，一个人的热情力量可以为各地许多年轻学习者带来巨大改变。A. drivers司机；B. waiters服务员；C. actors演员；D. learners学习者。由上文“then generate a customized children’s story”可知，本文围绕帮助孩子阅读展开，所以是给年轻学习者带来改变。故选D项。 （八） 语法填空 （2025·河南南阳·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, have been a topic of interest and 1 (argue) for several years. The idea of vehicles that can operate 2 human control is promising. It can make transportation efficient and convenient. And as technology continues to advance rapidly, the widespread use of self-driving cars seems increasingly popular and 3 (avoidable). In a future impacted by climate change and ecosystem protection, the role of self-driving cars 4 (become) vital in their environmental and social benefits and thus can increase energy efficiency, ease traffic jams, and promote shared mobility. 5 (enable) the change to electric and renewable-powered vehicles, self-driving cars also help encourage the efficient use of infrastructure (基础设施). However, some challenges must be addressed 6 (ensure) safety. One of the primary   7 (concern) is regulation (管理), as current traffic laws and policies may not be equipped to handle various problems closely 8 (relate) to autonomous vehicles. Governments and regulatory bodies will need to establish clear guidelines and safety standards 9 are essential to manage the operation of self-driving cars on roads. In conclusion, the future of self-driving cars presents 10 mix of opportunities and challenges that will shape our societies, economies, and environments. We should develop the strengths of this technology while reducing its risks. 【答案】 1．argument 2．without 3．unavoidable 4．will become 5．Enabling 6．to ensure 7．concerns 8．related 9．that/which 10．a 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。文章讲述了关于自动驾驶汽车的影响、好处、面临的挑战以及未来展望。 1．考查名词。句意：自动驾驶汽车，也被称为无人驾驶汽车，多年来一直是一个备受关注和争议的话题。空白处在句子中作介词of的宾语，所以此处应使用argue的名词形式，故填argument。 2．考查介词。句意：能够在无人控制的情况下运行的车辆这一想法是很有前景的。根据上文“Self-driving cars(自动驾驶汽车)”可知此处表示“没有”人类控制的车辆，故填without。 3．考查形容词。句意：随着技术的快速持续发展，自动驾驶汽车的广泛使用似乎越来越流行且不可避免。空白处在句子中作表语使用形容词，根据上文“the widespread use of self-driving cars seems increasingly popular(自动驾驶汽车的广泛使用似乎越来越流行)”可知自动驾驶汽车的广泛使用似乎越来越流行，可推理出空白处应填表示“不可避免”含义的形容词，所以此处应使用avoidable的反义词作表语，故填unavoidable。 4．考查时态。句意：在受气候变化和生态系统保护影响的未来，自动驾驶汽车在环境和社会效益方面的作用将变得至关重要，从而可以提高能源效率、缓解交通堵塞并促进共享出行。根据上文“In a future(在一个……的未来)”可知句子表示的是一个将来发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般将来时，故填will become。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：自动驾驶汽车使向电动和可再生能源汽车的转变成为可能，也有助于鼓励基础设施的有效利用。空白处在句子中做状语，因与其逻辑主语self-driving cars之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词。位于句首，故填Enabling。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，为了确保安全，必须应对一些挑战。空白处在句子中做状语表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填to ensure。 7．考查名词。句意：主要的担忧之一是监管，因为现行的交通法规和政策可能无法处理与自动驾驶汽车密切相关的各种问题。此处使用了“one of + 复数名词”，该表达为固定短语，含义为表示“……之一”，故填concerns。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空白处在句子中作定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语problems之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词，故填related。 9．考查定语从句。句意：政府和监管机构将需要建立明确的指导方针和安全标准，这对管理自动驾驶汽车在道路上的运行至关重要。空白处应填入关系代词引导限制性定语从句并做主语，先行词是guidelines and safety standards，指事物，故填that/which。 10．考查冠词。句意：总之，自动驾驶汽车的未来是机遇与挑战的混合体，这将塑造我们的社会、经济和环境。因空白处后面有名词，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一个”含义，且因a mix of...为固定短语，意为“……的混合体”，符合句意，故填a。 思维素养提升 Task 1 写作项目——Voice your opinions on robots and AI 本单元的写作任务是发表你对机器人和人工智能的看法，属于应用文写作。写作时要围绕做到主题鲜明，详略得当，并注意结构的完整性。可以利用列提纲思维导图来构思，请选择一篇你感兴趣的议论文阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）假定你的父母在一家科技公司工作，把新研究的机器人带到家中进行测试。请根据以下要点用英语写一则故事： 1. 这个机器人是一个英俊的小伙子，名叫杰里; 2. 他很体贴我，并全心全意地照顾我; 3. 一次，由于相信了一个谣言，我勃然大怒，和一位同学发生了冲突。他说我这样做是很荒唐的。他希望我能和同学友好相处; 4. 杰里成为我最好的朋友，我非常喜欢他。 注意：1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】My parents, who worked in a science and technology company, took a newly-created robot into our home to test it out. It was a handsome boy named Jerry. He was considerate to me and cared for me heart and soul. Once, believing in a rumour, I exploded with anger and conflicted with a classmate. He said it was ridiculous to do this. He sincerely hoped that I should get along well with my classmates. Hearing his words, I felt guilty. Jerry was my best friend and I liked him very much. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。假定你的父母在一家科技公司工作，把新研究的机器人带到家中进行测试，要求考生根据所给要点用英语写一则故事。 【详解】1.词汇积累 体贴的：considerate→thoughtful 关心：care for→take care of 荒唐的：ridiculous→absurd 真诚地：sincerely→genuinely 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It was a handsome boy named Jerry. 拓展句：It was a handsome boy whose name is Jerry. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 My parents, who worked in a science and technology company, took a newly-created robot into our home to test it out.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】He sincerely hoped that I should get along well with my classmates.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） $$