Unit 5 Keep Fit 速记清单-2024-2025学年六年级英语下册单元速记·巧练(鲁教版五四制2024)

2025-03-03
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语鲁教版(五四学制)六年级下册
年级 六年级
章节 Unit 5 Keep Fit
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 山东省
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地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2025-03-03
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品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2025-03-03
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Unit 5 Keep Fit Unit 1 重点词汇 1.fit /fIt/adj.健康的;健壮的v. 适合 2.baseball /'beIsbɔːl/n.棒球(运动) 3.glove /glʌv/n.(手指分开的)手套 4.rope /rəʊp/n.绳子;粗绳 5.hardly/'hɑːdli/ adv.几乎不;几乎没有 6.ever /'evə(r)/adv.在任何时候;从来;曾经 7.once /wʌns/adv. 一次;曾经 conj.一旦 8.mine /maIn/ pron.我的(所有物) 9.hers /hɜːz;ɜːz/pron.她的(所有物) 10.maybe /'meIbi/adv.也许;大概 11.practice /'præktIs/n.练习;实践 12.perfect /'pɜːfIkt/adj. 完美的;极好的 13.seldom /'seldəm/adv.很少;不常 14.badminton /'bædmIntən/n.羽毛球运动 15.double /'dʌbl/n.双打;两倍 adj.成双的;两倍的 16.theirs /ðeəz/pron.他们的;她们的;它们的 17.jog /dʒɒɡ/v.慢跑 18.few /fjuː/adj.很少的;几乎没有的 19.excuse/Ik'skjuːz/ v.原谅;宽恕 20.just /dʒʌst/ adv.只是;正好 21.T­shirt /'tiːʃɜːt/n. T恤衫 22.belong /bI'lɒŋ/v.应在(某处) 23.working/'wɜːkIŋ/ adj.工作日 24.energy/'enədʒi/n.能量;精力 25.group/gruːp/n.组;群 26.encourage /In'kʌrIdʒ/v.鼓励;激励 27.succeed/sək'siːd/v.成功;达到目标 28.app /æp/(=application/'æplI'keIʃn/)n.应用程序 29.progress /'prəʊgres/n.进步;进展 30.match /mætʃ/n.比赛;竞赛 31.team /tiːm/n.队;组 32.ours /'aʊəz;ɑːz/pron.我们的(所有物) 33.lose /luːz/v.输掉;丢失 34.teenager /'tiːneIdʒə(r)/n.青少年(13岁至19岁之间) 重点短语 1.keep_fit_/healthy=stay_fit/healthy保持健康 2.jump_rope跳绳用的绳子;跳绳(运动) 3.hardly_ever几乎从不 4.once/twice_a_week每周一次/两次 5.play_badminton打羽毛球 6.a_few少数;几个 7.excuse_me劳驾;请原谅 8.over_there在那边 9.belong_to属于(某人) 10.at_the_start开始;起初 11.at_a_special_park在一个特别的公园里 12.do_tricks做把戏;做诡计 13.do_sit­ups做仰卧起坐 14.work_out锻炼 15.show_sb's_progress展示某人的进步 16.in_sb's_school's_baseball_club在某人学校的棒球俱乐部 17.play_many_matches打很多场比赛 18.build_team_spirit建立团队精神 19.work_as_a_team团队合作 20.win or lose as a team作为一个团队赢或输 21.go_swimming去游泳 22.for_fun为了好玩 典型句型 1. Whose football is it? 这是谁的足球。 2.—How often do you play ping-pong? 你多久打一次乒乓球? —I play it three times a week. 我每周打三次。 3. Your bat looks well-used. 你的拍子看起来经常使用。 4. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 5. —Is this baseball glove yours? 这是你的棒球手套吗? —Yes, that’s mine. Thank you. 是的,这是我的,谢谢。 6. —Do you often play ping-pong? 你经常打乒乓球吗? —Yes, I play once/twice/three times a week. 是的,我每周打一次/两次/三次。 7. Who does this T-shirt belong to? 这件T恤是谁的? 8. I never jog in the afternoon on working days because I’m busy then. 我从不在动作日下午慢跑因为我那时候很忙。 9. You just need running shoes. 你只需要跑步鞋。 10. I’m always full of energy after jogging. 跑步后我总是充满能量。 11. Keeping fit is not that hard! 保持健康也没有那么难! 12. My skateboard is really cool, and so are theirs. 我的滑板真的很酷,他们的也是。 13. We encourage one another to do tricks. 我们互相鼓励玩滑板的花式。 14. Some tricks are difficult, but once you succeed, you feel great! 有一些技巧很难,但是一旦你成功了,你就会感觉很棒。 15. It can show my progress. 它可以展示我的进步。 16. Baseball also builds team spirit. 棒球也能培养团队精神。 17. All of us are good friends, both on and off the field. 我们所有人都是好朋友,无论是在场上还是场下。 18. We work as a team, and we win or lose as a team. 我们作为一个团队工作,我们作为一个团队赢或者输。 19. Exercise shapes your body and mind. 锻炼塑造你的身心。 语言目标 1. 频率副词的用法 2. 名词性物主代词的用法 【考点1】 How often do you do sport or exercise? 你多久运动或者锻炼一次? 【详解1】 how often表示“多久一次”。用来询问动作的频率。 “how often” 引导特殊疑问句,询问做某事的频率,回答时常用频度副词(always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never )、表示频率的短语(once a week, twice a month 等)。 例如:How often do you play basketball? 你多久打一次篮球? - I play basketball twice a week. 我一周打两次篮球。 【拓展】特殊疑问句中与how相关的疑问词组用法 词组 词义 用法 答语特征 how long 多久 询问时间多长 for/about+一段时间 how often 多久一次 询问动作的频率 often, twice a week等 how soon 过多久以后 询问时间多久(用于一般将来时) in+一段时间 how far 多远 询问距离多远 ten minutes’ walk how many 多少 询问可数名词数量 数词+可数名词复数 how much 多少 询问不可数名词数量 数词+表示量的词+of+不可数名词 多少钱 询问价格 数词+货币单位 【典例】 ( )1.—_______have you been learn English. —I have been learn English for six years. A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much ( )2. —________can you be ready, Andy? —In ten minutes. A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How soon ( )3. —________yogurt do you need? —Three cups. A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How much ( )4. —______ is Lucky 52 shown on CCTV-2? —Every week. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How many times ( ) 5.—Xiao Wang, ________will it take to fly to Guangzhou? —Sorry, I do not know. A. how far B. how soon C. how many D. how long 【详解2】 exercise做动词时,可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。 例句:She exercises two or three times a week. 她一周锻炼两三次。 She exercises the dog every day. 每天她都遛狗。 【拓展】exercise作名词时,意为“锻炼;运动”时是不可数名词, 意为“体操;练习”时是可数名词。 可数名词 表示一套动作,或练习题 Do eye exercises 不可数名词 指运动,锻炼 Take exercise 例句:I should eat less food and take more exercise. 我应该少吃饭,多锻炼。 I have lots of exercises to do. 我有很多练习要完成。 【典例】 ( ) 1.Tina ________ three times a week. She is very healthy. A. exercise B. exercises C. exercising D. exercised ( ) 2.You should do more_________instead of sitting at the desk busy doing your _______. A. exercise;exercises B.exercise;exercise C.exercises;exercise D.exercises;exercises 【考点2】 Whose baseball glove is it? 这是谁的棒球手套? 【详解】 whose 是who的所有格形式,用来询问东西是谁的。 句子的基本结构为:Whose +名词+be动词+代词? 其回答为:It’s/They’re +物主代词/名词所有格+名词。如: 例如: Whose bike is this? — It’s his bike. 这是谁的自行车?一是他的自行车。 Whose books are they? They’re Helen's (books). 它们是谁的书? 一它们是海伦的(书)。 【拓展】 who与whose都是疑问代词,用来构成特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句不能用yes和no来回答,要用完整形式来回答,读时用降调。 ①who的意思是“谁”,问的是姓名或某人的关系。 如:—Who is he? —He is John .(问姓名) 他是谁?他是约翰。 —Who is she? —She is our teacher.(问关系) 她是谁?她是我们的老师。 当用who提问,不知道是谁和人的数量时,问句的谓语动词常用单数。 如: Who isn't at school today? 今天谁没到校? ②whose一般是就物主代词或名词所有格提问。 1)提问部分作定语时,用“Whose +名词+一般疑问句?”结构。 如: It's my shirt.→Whose shirt is it? 这是我的衬衫。→这是谁的衬衫? 2)提问部分作表语时,用“Whose +一般疑问句?”结构。 如: The shirt is mine. →Whose is the shirt? 这件衬衫是我的。→这件衬衫是谁的? 【典例】 1. The woman is my mother. (对划线部分提问) mother the woman? 2. Su Hai and Su Yang swim well. (对划线部分提问) Well 3. David’s father often smokes at home. (对划线部分提问) Father often at home? 4. This new car is Helen’s father’s. (对划线部分提问) is this? 【考点3】Maybe it’s Yaming’s.也许它是亚明的。 【详解】maybe 意为 “也许;大概” ,相当于 perhaps,后接句子,用来表达一种不确定的推测。 例如:Maybe he is in the classroom. 也许他在教室里。 【拓展】maybe 与 may be 的区别:maybe 是副词,而 may be 是 “情态动词 may + be 动词” 结构,在句中作谓语 。例如:Maybe he is right. = He may be right. 也许他是对的。 【典例】 ( )______ she will come to the sports meeting tomorrow. A. Maybe B. May be C. May D. Can 【考点4】Yes, twice a week, and sometimes more! 是的,一周两次,有时候更多。 【详解1】 twice 用作副词,表示次数,意为 “两次;两倍”。次数的表达如下: 次数的表达 总结: 表达次数很容易,once,twice单独记, 三次以上有规律,基数词后加times就可以。 once 一次 twice 两次 three times 三次 many times 很多次 几次到几次 … to … 如:three to four times 三到四次 几次或几次 …or… 如:three or four times 三次或四次 每天…次:次数+ a day 每天一次:once a day 每周…次:次数+ a week 每周两次:twice a week 每月…次:次数+ a month 每月四次:four times a month 每年…次:次数+ a year 每年十次:ten times a year 【拓展】 固定搭配: at once 立即,马上 once again 再一次 once in a while 偶尔地;有时 once upon a time 从前 think twice 再三考虑 【典例】 ( )1. They watch TV _____ a week. A.every B.once or twice C.two or three time D.once or two times ( )2. You’d better______ before making an important decision. A.think two B.to think twice C.think twice D.to think two 3. 我一周打两次篮球。_______________________________________ 【详解2】 sometimes频度副词,意为"有时"。同义短语为at times。 例句: I sometimes play computer games. 我有时候玩电脑游戏。 【拓展】sometimes、sometime、some time和some times辨析 单词 词义 用法 sometimes 有时=at times 用于一般现在时和一般过去时中 sometime 某时(时间点) 用于一般将来时或一般过去时中 some time 一段时间 可用于多种时态(指时间段) some times 几次,几倍 表示次数或倍数 例句:He was sometimes late for school. 他有时上学迟到。 He came here sometime. 他某个时候来过这里。 He will stay there for some time. 他将在那里待一段时间。 She came home some times. 她回了几次家。 【巧学助记】 sometimes,some times,sometime与some time 分开一段时间(some time),相聚某个时候(sometime)。相连s是有时(sometimes),分开s是倍、次(some times)。 【典例】 ( )1.________ my parents spend ________ talking with me about my study. A.Sometime; sometime B.Sometimes; some time C.Sometimes; some times D.Sometime; sometimes ( )2.I ______ play football on Friday afternoon. A.sometime B.sometimes C.some time D.some times 3. 用sometimes、sometime、some time和some times填空 1).Come to see us . 2).He _____________ writes to me. 3). She always spends ______________ on her English. 4). I met him ____________ in the street last month. 【考点5】Hardly ever. 几乎不 【详解】 hardly ever相当于hardly,ever起强调作用。其中hardly用作副词,意为“几乎不/没有”,它本身具有否定意义,不能再与其他否定词连用。 例如: She hardly ever eats anything. 她几乎什么都没吃。 【拓展】 hard 用作形容词,意为“硬的;困难的”;用作副词,意为“努力地”。 This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬,挖不动。 They study hard every day. 他们每天努力学习。 hardly adv,几乎不,表示否定意义 He can hardly play basketball. 他几乎不会打篮球。 【典例】 ( )1.I worked so ________ on the Math problem but still could ________ work it out. A.hardly, hard B.hardly, hardly C.hard, hard D.hard, hardly ( )2.—How often does he watch TV? —He hardly ever ________ TV. A.watches B.watched C.is watching D.will watch ( )3.My mother ________  surfs the Internet. She likes watching TV. A.doesn't hardly ever B.hardly ever C.isn't hardly ever D.hardly never 4. 1.I can believe he is practicing in the yard. (hard,hardly) 【考点6】 I seldom do, but I often play badminton.:我很少做(其他运动),但是我经常打羽毛球。 【详解】seldom 是频度副词,意为 “很少;不常” ,表示做某事的频率很低,位于实义动词之前,be 动词、情态动词或助动词之后 。 例如:He seldom goes to the cinema. 他很少去看电影。 【详解】常见的频度副词从频率高到低排序为: always(总是) > usually(通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > seldom(很少) > never(从不) 。 对频度副词提问用 how often 。 【典例】 ( )He ______ eats junk food because he knows it's bad for his health. A. always B. usually C. often D. seldom 【考点7】 a few times 几次 【详解】 few, a few,little 与a little的用法区别 few 修饰可数名词复数形式 表示否定意义,意为"几乎没有"。 a few 表示肯定意义,意为"一些"。 little 修饰不可数名词 表示否定意义,意为"几乎没有"。 a little 表示肯定意义,意为"一点"。 【典例】 一、单项选择 ( )1.There is only ________ water in the bottle, so ________ people can drink it. A.a few; few B.a little; few C.little; a few D.a little; a little ( )2.I’m happy to have __________ money and __________ friends. A.little; a few B.few; a little C.a little; a few D.a few; a little 二、选词填空 few    a few    little    a little 1.I can speak English. Could you talk with me in Chinese? 2.Tim has friends here. He feels lonely. 3.My father bought me books. They’re very interesting. 4.—Can you speak French? —Yes, but only . 【考点8】 Who does this T-shirt belong to? 这件T恤是谁的? 【详解】 belong to表示“属于; 是..的成员”, 后面接名词或代词宾格作宾语, 不可用于被动语态和进行时态。 ∆“belong to+人” 相当于 “be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”。 例句:That pen belongs to me.= That pen is mine. 那支钢笔是我的。 【拓展】 belong不与to连用时, 后面通常跟的是副词或其他介词短语,表示“应当在(某处),适合在(某处)”。 例句: That table belongs in the other room. 那张桌子是另外那个房间的。 【典例】 ( )1.—_________ basketball is this? —It must belong to _________. A.Whom, hers B.Whose, his C.Who’s, hers D.Whose, her ( )2.The toy car must belong to ________. A.Tom B.Tom’s C.Toms’ D.the Tom ( )3.—________ hair band is this? —It must ________ Marry. A.Whose; belong to B.Who’s; belong to C.Whose; belongs to D.Who’s; belongs to 【考点9】When I jog in the park, I can hear birds singing.当我在公园慢跑时,我能听到鸟儿唱歌。 “hear sb/sth doing sth” 表示 “听到某人 / 某物正在做某事”。 【详解】1.“hear sb/sth doing sth” 强调听到动作正在进行 。 例如:I heard someone crying in the next room.(我听到隔壁房间有人正在哭泣) 。 2.另外,“hear sb/sth do sth” 表示 “听到某人 / 某物做了某事” ,强调听到动作的全过程 。 例如:I heard him go out just now.(我刚才听到他出去了) 。 【拓展】类似的感官动词还有 see(看见)、watch(观看)、feel(感觉)、notice(注意到)等,它们也有 “see/watch/feel/notice sb/sth doing sth(看见 / 观看 / 感觉 / 注意到某人 / 某物正在做某事)” 和 “see/watch/feel/notice sb/sth do sth(看见 / 观看 / 感觉 / 注意到某人 / 某物做了某事)” 的用法 。例如:I saw her playing basketball on the playground.(我看见她正在操场上打篮球) ;I saw him enter the classroom.(我看见他进了教室) 。 【典例】 ( )1.I often hear the girl ______ in the next room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings ( )2.Yesterday I saw a dog ______ after a cat in the street. A. run B. to run C. running D. runs 【考点10】 It’s easy to go jogging.慢跑很简单 【详解】该结构中,it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语 “to do sth.”,形容词用于描述做某事的性质或特点 。 例如:It's necessary for students to do their homework on time.(对学生来说按时做作业是必要的) 。 【拓展】当形容词用来描述人的性格、品质时,常用 “It's + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.” 结构 。 例如:It's kind of you to help me.(你帮助我真是太好了) ,这里的 “kind” 是描述 “you” 的品质 。 能用于此结构的形容词常见的有 kind、nice、clever、foolish 等 。 【典例】 ( )1.It's very difficult ______ me ______ solve the math problem. A. for; to B. of; to C. for; / D. of; / ( )2.It's very ______ you to give me so much help. A. kind for B. kind of C. good for D. well of 【考点11】 I’m always full of energy after jogging. 跑步后我总是充满能量。 【详解】 (1)full作形容词,可意为“忙的”,相当于busy,其反义词是 free “空闲的”。 例句:I am very full/busy today. 我今天很忙。 (2)full作形容词,还可意为“满的;充满的”,其反义词是empty“空的”, be full of...= be filled with... 意为“充满...... ;装满......”。 例句:The bottle is full of water. = The bottle is filled with water. 这个瓶子装满了水。 (3)full作形容词,还可意为“吃饱了的”,其反义词是hungry“饥饿的”。 例句:Thank you for your delicious cake, but I am really full. 谢谢你美味的蛋糕,但是我真的吃饱了。 【图解助记】 【典例】 ( )1.Shanshan is full _______ energy and she is friendly _________ others. A.with; for B.of; with C.of; to D.of; for ( )2.The bag is so heavy. It is full ________ books. A.of B.at C.on D.in ( )3.The girl’s basket is full of strawberries. A.is proud of B.is fond of C.is filled with D.is interested in ( )4.—Would you like some milk shake? —________. I’m full. A.Yes, please B.No, thanks C.Well down D.That’s all right ( )5.I can’t go with you  because I am________today. A.free B.full C.happy D.exciting 【考点12】 We encourage one another to do tricks. 我们互相鼓励玩滑板的花式。 【详解】“encourage” 常用结构为 “encourage sb to do sth”,意为 “鼓励某人做某事” 。 例如:My parents encourage me to learn a musical instrument.(我的父母鼓励我学习一种乐器) 。 【拓展】 1.“encourage” 的名词形式是 “encouragement”,意为 “鼓励;鼓舞” 。 例如:With the encouragement of my teacher, I decided to take part in the speech contest.(在老师的鼓励下,我决定参加演讲比赛) 。 2.另外,“encourage” 的反义词是 “discourage”,意为 “使气馁;阻止” ,常用结构 “discourage sb from doing sth”,表示 “阻止某人做某事” 。 例如:The bad weather discouraged us from going out.(恶劣的天气阻止了我们外出) 。 【典例】 ( )1.Our coach always ______ us to believe in ourselves. A. encourages B. makes C. lets D. has ( )2.Thanks for your ______. It gives me a lot of confidence. A. encourage B. encourages C. encouragement D. encouraging 【考点13】 Some tricks are difficult, but once you succeed, you feel great! 有一些技巧很难,但是一旦你成功了,你就会感觉很棒。 【详解1】 succeed是不及物动词,意为"实现目标;成功",不能用于被动语态。 常用短语:succeed in sth. 在某方面获得成功; succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事。 例句: He succeeded in passing the exam. 他成功地通过了考试。 【拓展】 (1)success n. 成功 例句: The party was a big success. 晚会非常成功。 (2)successful adj. 成功的 例句: I was successful in passing the math exam. 我成功地过了这次数学测验。 (3)successfully adv. 成功地 例句: He solved the problem successfully. 他成功地解决了那个问题。 【典例】 ( )1.The road to ________ is difficult, but if you work hard, you’re sure to _________. A.success; succeed B.successful; success C.succeed; success D.succeed; successful ( )2.William Shakespeare ________ in writing many great plays and he was a ________ playwright (剧作家) . A.success; succeed B.successful; success C.succeeded; successful D.successfully; successful ( )3.—The man is a __________ actor. His new movie is a big __________. —How lucky he is! A.success, succeed B.successful, success C.successfully, success D.successful, successfully 【详解2】 feel 在这里是系动词,后跟形容词,表示某人的感觉,以人作主语。 例句: I don’t feel very well today. 我今天感到不太舒服。 【拓展】 ① feel表示某物摸起来给人的感觉,通常要以被摸之物作主语。 例句:Your hand feels cold. 你的手摸起来很凉。 ②feel like doing sth. 表示“感到想要(做某事)” 例句:I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 He doesn’t feel like going to work. 他不想去上班。 【典例】 ( )1.How smooth the silk clothes ________! A.feels B.feel C.are feeling D.felt ( )2.What a nice day! I feel like ________ a picnic outside. A.have B.to have C.having D.had ( )3.It feels ________ to enjoy the music and art at the same festival. A.greatly B.greater C.great D.greatest 【考点14】This year, my goal is to be really fit.年,我的目标是保持健康。 【详解】goal〔可数名词〕 ①目标;目的   achieve/reach one's goal 达到某人的目标 keep a goal坚持目标 Keep a goal, and you'll achieve your goal. 坚持一个目标,你就会实现你的目标。 ②球门;进球得分 Work as a team, and we can get a goal. 团队协作,我们就能得分。 【典例】What is your main ______ this year? — To improve my English speaking skills. A. goal B. habit C. hobby D. problem 【考点15】The app gives me exercises to do everyday.这个应用程序每天给我提供锻炼项目来做。 【详解】give〔及物动词〕给;提供;过去式为 gave。give 后可接双宾语,即give sb sth= give sth to sb “把某物给某人”。 He gives me a dictionary. 他给了我一本词典。 =He gives a dictionary to me. 【注意】如果直接宾语是代词,只能用含有介词 to的形式。 Please give it to Li Lei. 请把它给李磊。 【拓展】和give类似,能接双宾语的动词还有tell(告诉),show(给·..看),pass(传递), teach(教)等。 Tom often tells me good stories.汤姆常给我讲好故事。 =Tom often tells good storics to me. Mr Zhang shows us some beautiful pictures. 张老师给我们展示了一些漂亮的图片。 =Mr Zhang shows some beautiful picturesto us. 【典例】My teacher gives me an English book. My teacher ______an English teacher ______me. 【考点16】 It can show my progress. 它可以展示我的进步。 【详解】 progress作不可数名词,意为“进步”。 常用短语:make (good)progress (in...) 意为“(在……方面)取得(大的)进步” 例句:Study hard and make progress every day.好好学习,天天向上。 You have made good progress in your English. 你在英语方面取得了很大的进步。 【拓展】 progress 还用作不及物动词,意为“进步;进展”。 例句:My sister’s math is progressing. 我妹妹的数学正在进步。 【典例】 ( )—Miss Zhao, I won the writing prize! —Good job! Study hard and ______ every day. A.make faces B.make mistakes C.make friends D. make progress 【考点17】 We have fun when we keep fit together!当我们一起保持健康时我们很开心! 【详解】have fun快乐;玩得高兴与have a good time, enjoy oneself同义。 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事 Sounds like he has fun 听起来好像他玩得很高兴! They have fun playing football. 他们愉快地踢足球。 【典例】We had fun ______ basketball in the park yesterday. A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays 【考点18】I'm in my school's baseball club, so I play baseball quite often.我参加了学校的棒球社团,所以我经常打棒球。 【详解】be in/on+组织/团队参加a,是......的一员相当于“be a member of+组织/团队”。 Tom is in/on the school basketball team. 汤姆参加了校篮球队。 =Tom is a member of the school basketball team.汤姆是校篮球队的一员。 【典例】Mary is in the school music club. Mary ______ the school music club. 【考点19】The other teams are great, but I think ours is the best!其他队都很出色,但我认为我们队是最好的! 【详解】team〔名词〕队;组;表示由若干人组成的“队”或“组”等,具有集合意义。在句中作主语时,谓语动词根据情况可用单数(侧重整体)或复数(侧重个体)。 a team of+复数名词一组/队...... Their team has good players, but our teamwork hard.他们队有优秀的队员,但我们队的队员很努力。a team of students 一群学生 【典例】搬迁用了三个人六小时. The move take six hour with______ _____ ______three men. 【考点20】 We usually practise three times a week after school.我们通常每周在放学后练习三次。 【详解】after school放学后 The students usually do their homework after school. 放学后,学生们通常做作业。 【拓展】before school上学前    at/in school在上学,在学校里    before class上课前    after class 课后    in class 在课堂上 【典例】放学后我想打篮球。 I want to play basketball ________ _______. 【考点21】We also exercise a lot because it keeps us fit and helps us play better.我们也进行大量的锻炼,因为这能让我们保持健康,帮助我们打得更好。 【详解】a lot ①经常(=often); 非常(=very much);相当于副词的用法。 I play tennis a lot in the summer. 我夏天常打网球。 Thanks a lot for your help. 非常感谢你的帮助。 ②许多,大量;相当于代词的用法。 I spend a lot on the clothes. 我在衣服上花费很多。 【典例】你有很多作业吗? Do you have______ _____ ________homework? 你经常锻炼吗? Do you exercise______ _____? 【考点22】 We work as a team, and we win or lose as a team.我们作为一个团队工作,我们作为一个团队赢或者输。 【详解1】 “work as a team” 表示 “团队合作”。“work as a team” 用于描述大家为了共同目标,像一个团队一样协作工作 。 例如:In a football match, players need to work as a team.(在足球比赛中,球员们需要团队合作) 。 【拓展】1.表达 “团队合作” 还可以用 “teamwork” ,这是一个名词 。 例如:Teamwork is very important in this project.(团队合作在这个项目中非常重要) 。 2.此外,与 “team” 相关的短语还有 “team spirit(团队精神)” 。 例如:We should have a strong team spirit.(我们应该有很强的团队精神) 。 【详解2】 lose主要用作动词,意为“丢失;失去;输掉”,可用作及物或不及物动词,后接名词或代词,过去式是lost。 常用搭配:lose face 丢脸 lost heart 失去信心 lose money 损失金钱 lose oneself in 陶醉于 【拓展】 ①Lost “寻物启事” 反义词 Found “失物招领启事” 例如: Lost and Found “失物招领处” ②lost 还可以作形容词,意思为“迷路的; 丢失的”。 常用短语:get/be lost 例句:He always gets lost when he goes shopping. 他购物的时候经常迷路。 【典例】 一、单项选择 ( )1.Don’t lose your ________, believe in yourself and you can pass the exam. A.joy B.plan C.heart D.money ( )2.People in a hurry often ________ things, and the ________ and found offices may help you. A. loses; lost B.lose; lost C.lose; loses D.lose; lose ( )2.To finish the task on time, we must ______. A. work as a team B. work by ourselves C. work for a team D. work with a team ( )4.______ is the key to success in many activities. A. Teamwork B. Team spirit C. Working hard D. Good luck 二、单词拼写 1.Mum looked for her key everywhere but found nothing. (lose) 2.I (lose) my school ID card yesterday. 三、完成句子 如果你不想迷路,你最好带上地图。 If you don’t want to _________ _________ , you’d better take the map with you. 频度副词 1. 询问频率及回答 How often do you play...?(你多久打 / 做一次……?) How often do you play ping - pong?(你多久打一次乒乓球?) I play it three times a week.(我一周打三次。);I seldom / sometimes / often...(我很少 / 有时 / 经常……);once or twice at weekends(在周末一两次) 。 ●句型结构 How often...?”是一个用于询问频率的特殊疑问句句型。“how often”是疑问词组,用来询问某个动作或行为发生的频率,即每隔多久做一次某事。这个句型在初中英语中主要用于日常交流、话题讨论等场景,帮助学生了解他人做某事的频繁程度,也能让学生学会表达自己做某事的频率情况,从而更好地进行信息交流和语言表达。 ●回答方式 使用数字 + 时间单位: 用具体的数字表明次数,再加上时间单位(如“a week(一周)”“a month(一个月)”“a year(一年)”等)来精确说明频率。还可以有“twice a month(一个月两次)”“four times a year(一年四次)”等回答。 使用频率副词: 英语中的频率副词也是回答频率问题的常用方式,按照频率从低到高排列有“never(从不)”“seldom(很少)”“sometimes(有时)”“often(经常)”“usually(通常)”“always(总是)”。“How often do you exercise?”可以回答“I seldom exercise.”或者“I usually exercise every day.”等。 使用模糊时间短语回答 表示在某个时间段内的次数:如“once or twice at weekends”这种表达,表明在周末这个时间段内做某事的次数为一两次。类似的还有“a few times in a month(一个月里几次)”“several times during the holiday(假期里几次)”等。还可以用“from time to time(时不时地)”“every now and then(偶尔)”等短语来回答,这些表达没有明确的次数,但能传达出一种大致的频率概念。 ●注意事项 主谓一致: 在回答中,如果主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it等),动词要注意使用相应的第三人称单数形式。“How often does she play the piano?”回答应该是“She plays it twice a week.”而不能用“play”。 时态一致: 问句和回答的时态通常要保持一致。如果问句是一般现在时“How often do you...?”,回答也应该用一般现在时来表达经常发生的动作或情况。如果问的是过去的频率“How often did you...?”,回答就要用一般过去时,如“I played it twice a month last year.” ★即学即练 1. —How often do you play basketball? —______. I'm not good at it. A. Every day B. Three times a week C. Seldom D. Always 2. —How often does your father go fishing? —He goes fishing ______. He loves it very much. A. once a month B. sometimes C. hardly ever D. twice a year 3. —How often do you watch TV? —______. I usually watch TV after I finish my homework. A. Often B. Never C. Once a year D. Twice 4. —How often do you go to the park? —______. I like to take a walk there. A. Once in a while B. Every few months C. Often D. Three times 5. —How often does your sister exercise? —She exercises ______. She's really healthy. A. sometimes B. hardly C. once a week D. almost every day (2) 物主代词 1. 定义和分类。 汉语中“你的、她的、我的……”这样含义的词在英文中翻译为“your, her, my…”;这些表示所属关系的代词称为物主代词。物主代词可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 具体用法。 1)形容词性物主代词翻译为“……的”,它的用法相当于形容词,后面可以接名词,不可以单独使用。 例如:my book 我的书 her bike 她的自行车 2)在形容词性物主代词和名词之间还可以加入其他的形容词做修饰语。 例如:This is her yellow bike. 这是她的黄色自行车。 That is his blue shirt. 那是他的蓝色衬衫。 3)名词性物主代词既有代词的性质也有名词的性质,后面不可以接名词。 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。 例如:This is my book= This is mine. 这是我的书。= 这是我的(书)。 That is your bike= That is yours. 那是你的自行车。= 那是你的(自行车)。 以下是物主代词的列表:人 称 类 别 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its 复数 形容词性物主代词 our your their 名词性物主代词 ours yours theirs 【语法专项训练】 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.What’s (you) name? (I) name is Nancy. 2.Look at (she) skirt. (it) is pretty. 3.What’s (he) father's job?(him) a worker. 4.The woman in the black skirt is (she) mother. 5. (I) am Ben. (I) am a new student here. (I) eyes are big. 6. What are (your)? (our) are teachers. 7. What is (he)job? (he) job is a doctor. 8. What’s the girl's name? (her) is Su Yang. 9. The woman over there is (we) English teacher. (I) all like (she) very much. 10. (he)mother is a driver. (she) mother is a nurse. (their) all look young. 11. is my brother. name is Jack. Look! Those are pens. (he) 12. is my aunt. Do you know job? is a student. (she) 13.Where are ? I can't find . Let’s call parents. (they) 14.Don't touch . is not a cat, is a tiger! (it) 15 don't know her name. Would you please tell ? (we) 2、 单项选择 1.________ name is Cindy Green. A.I B.My C.Me D.Mine 2.Can I use your computer? ________ isn’t working. A.My B.Your C.Mine D.I 3.—Whose car is this? —It’s ________. A.theirs B.your C.our D.my 4.Jack’s birthday is on August 23. ________ is on August 11. A.His mother’s B.His mother C.He mother’s D.He mother 5.—Whose schoolbag is under the desk? —Oh, it is ________. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 6.—Jack, are these books ________? —No, ________ John’s. A.yours; it’s B.your; they’re C.yours; they’re D.your; it’s 7.The hair band can’t belong to_________. _________ is in her school bag. A.her; Hers B.her; Her C.hers; Hers D.hers; Her 8.—Excuse me, is this Jack’s pencil box? —Yes, it’s . A.mine B.ours C.his D.theirs 9.Hi, sir. This is________ learning plan for this month. A.I B.my C.me D.mine 10.—Whose eraser is it? It’s blue. —It’s ________. A. me B.mine C.my D.I / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Keep Fit Unit 1 重点词汇 1.fit /fIt/adj.健康的;健壮的v. 适合 2.baseball /'beIsbɔːl/n.棒球(运动) 3.glove /glʌv/n.(手指分开的)手套 4.rope /rəʊp/n.绳子;粗绳 5.hardly/'hɑːdli/ adv.几乎不;几乎没有 6.ever /'evə(r)/adv.在任何时候;从来;曾经 7.once /wʌns/adv. 一次;曾经 conj.一旦 8.mine /maIn/ pron.我的(所有物) 9.hers /hɜːz;ɜːz/pron.她的(所有物) 10.maybe /'meIbi/adv.也许;大概 11.practice /'præktIs/n.练习;实践 12.perfect /'pɜːfIkt/adj. 完美的;极好的 13.seldom /'seldəm/adv.很少;不常 14.badminton /'bædmIntən/n.羽毛球运动 15.double /'dʌbl/n.双打;两倍 adj.成双的;两倍的 16.theirs /ðeəz/pron.他们的;她们的;它们的 17.jog /dʒɒɡ/v.慢跑 18.few /fjuː/adj.很少的;几乎没有的 19.excuse/Ik'skjuːz/ v.原谅;宽恕 20.just /dʒʌst/ adv.只是;正好 21.T­shirt /'tiːʃɜːt/n. T恤衫 22.belong /bI'lɒŋ/v.应在(某处) 23.working/'wɜːkIŋ/ adj.工作日 24.energy/'enədʒi/n.能量;精力 25.group/gruːp/n.组;群 26.encourage /In'kʌrIdʒ/v.鼓励;激励 27.succeed/sək'siːd/v.成功;达到目标 28.app /æp/(=application/'æplI'keIʃn/)n.应用程序 29.progress /'prəʊgres/n.进步;进展 30.match /mætʃ/n.比赛;竞赛 31.team /tiːm/n.队;组 32.ours /'aʊəz;ɑːz/pron.我们的(所有物) 33.lose /luːz/v.输掉;丢失 34.teenager /'tiːneIdʒə(r)/n.青少年(13岁至19岁之间) 重点短语 1.keep_fit_/healthy=stay_fit/healthy保持健康 2.jump_rope跳绳用的绳子;跳绳(运动) 3.hardly_ever几乎从不 4.once/twice_a_week每周一次/两次 5.play_badminton打羽毛球 6.a_few少数;几个 7.excuse_me劳驾;请原谅 8.over_there在那边 9.belong_to属于(某人) 10.at_the_start开始;起初 11.at_a_special_park在一个特别的公园里 12.do_tricks做把戏;做诡计 13.do_sit­ups做仰卧起坐 14.work_out锻炼 15.show_sb's_progress展示某人的进步 16.in_sb's_school's_baseball_club在某人学校的棒球俱乐部 17.play_many_matches打很多场比赛 18.build_team_spirit建立团队精神 19.work_as_a_team团队合作 20.win or lose as a team作为一个团队赢或输 21.go_swimming去游泳 22.for_fun为了好玩 典型句型 1. Whose football is it? 这是谁的足球。 2.—How often do you play ping-pong? 你多久打一次乒乓球? —I play it three times a week. 我每周打三次。 3. Your bat looks well-used. 你的拍子看起来经常使用。 4. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 5. —Is this baseball glove yours? 这是你的棒球手套吗? —Yes, that’s mine. Thank you. 是的,这是我的,谢谢。 6. —Do you often play ping-pong? 你经常打乒乓球吗? —Yes, I play once/twice/three times a week. 是的,我每周打一次/两次/三次。 7. Who does this T-shirt belong to? 这件T恤是谁的? 8. I never jog in the afternoon on working days because I’m busy then. 我从不在动作日下午慢跑因为我那时候很忙。 9. You just need running shoes. 你只需要跑步鞋。 10. I’m always full of energy after jogging. 跑步后我总是充满能量。 11. Keeping fit is not that hard! 保持健康也没有那么难! 12. My skateboard is really cool, and so are theirs. 我的滑板真的很酷,他们的也是。 13. We encourage one another to do tricks. 我们互相鼓励玩滑板的花式。 14. Some tricks are difficult, but once you succeed, you feel great! 有一些技巧很难,但是一旦你成功了,你就会感觉很棒。 15. It can show my progress. 它可以展示我的进步。 16. Baseball also builds team spirit. 棒球也能培养团队精神。 17. All of us are good friends, both on and off the field. 我们所有人都是好朋友,无论是在场上还是场下。 18. We work as a team, and we win or lose as a team. 我们作为一个团队工作,我们作为一个团队赢或者输。 19. Exercise shapes your body and mind. 锻炼塑造你的身心。 语言目标 1. 频率副词的用法 2. 名词性物主代词的用法 【考点1】 How often do you do sport or exercise? 你多久运动或者锻炼一次? 【详解1】 how often表示“多久一次”。用来询问动作的频率。 “how often” 引导特殊疑问句,询问做某事的频率,回答时常用频度副词(always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never )、表示频率的短语(once a week, twice a month 等)。 例如:How often do you play basketball? 你多久打一次篮球? - I play basketball twice a week. 我一周打两次篮球。 【拓展】特殊疑问句中与how相关的疑问词组用法 词组 词义 用法 答语特征 how long 多久 询问时间多长 for/about+一段时间 how often 多久一次 询问动作的频率 often, twice a week等 how soon 过多久以后 询问时间多久(用于一般将来时) in+一段时间 how far 多远 询问距离多远 ten minutes’ walk how many 多少 询问可数名词数量 数词+可数名词复数 how much 多少 询问不可数名词数量 数词+表示量的词+of+不可数名词 多少钱 询问价格 数词+货币单位 【典例】 ( )1.—_______have you been learn English. —I have been learn English for six years. A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much ( )2. —________can you be ready, Andy? —In ten minutes. A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How soon ( )3. —________yogurt do you need? —Three cups. A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How much ( )4. —______ is Lucky 52 shown on CCTV-2? —Every week. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How many times ( ) 5.—Xiao Wang, ________will it take to fly to Guangzhou? —Sorry, I do not know. A. how far B. how soon C. how many D. how long 答案:ADDBD 【详解2】 exercise做动词时,可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。 例句:She exercises two or three times a week. 她一周锻炼两三次。 She exercises the dog every day. 每天她都遛狗。 【拓展】exercise作名词时,意为“锻炼;运动”时是不可数名词, 意为“体操;练习”时是可数名词。 可数名词 表示一套动作,或练习题 Do eye exercises 不可数名词 指运动,锻炼 Take exercise 例句:I should eat less food and take more exercise. 我应该少吃饭,多锻炼。 I have lots of exercises to do. 我有很多练习要完成。 【典例】 ( ) 1.Tina ________ three times a week. She is very healthy. A. exercise B. exercises C. exercising D. exercised ( ) 2.You should do more_________instead of sitting at the desk busy doing your _______. A. exercise;exercises B.exercise;exercise C.exercises;exercise D.exercises;exercises 答案:BA 【考点2】 Whose baseball glove is it? 这是谁的棒球手套? 【详解】 whose 是who的所有格形式,用来询问东西是谁的。 句子的基本结构为:Whose +名词+be动词+代词? 其回答为:It’s/They’re +物主代词/名词所有格+名词。如: 例如: Whose bike is this? — It’s his bike. 这是谁的自行车?一是他的自行车。 Whose books are they? They’re Helen's (books). 它们是谁的书? 一它们是海伦的(书)。 【拓展】 who与whose都是疑问代词,用来构成特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句不能用yes和no来回答,要用完整形式来回答,读时用降调。 ①who的意思是“谁”,问的是姓名或某人的关系。 如:—Who is he? —He is John .(问姓名) 他是谁?他是约翰。 —Who is she? —She is our teacher.(问关系) 她是谁?她是我们的老师。 当用who提问,不知道是谁和人的数量时,问句的谓语动词常用单数。 如: Who isn't at school today? 今天谁没到校? ②whose一般是就物主代词或名词所有格提问。 1)提问部分作定语时,用“Whose +名词+一般疑问句?”结构。 如: It's my shirt.→Whose shirt is it? 这是我的衬衫。→这是谁的衬衫? 2)提问部分作表语时,用“Whose +一般疑问句?”结构。 如: The shirt is mine. →Whose is the shirt? 这件衬衫是我的。→这件衬衫是谁的? 【典例】 1. The woman is my mother. (对划线部分提问) mother the woman? 2. Su Hai and Su Yang swim well. (对划线部分提问) Well 3. David’s father often smokes at home. (对划线部分提问) Father often at home? 4. This new car is Helen’s father’s. (对划线部分提问) is this? 答案:1.Whose, is 2. Who swims 3. Whose, smokes 4 Whose new car 【考点3】Maybe it’s Yaming’s.也许它是亚明的。 【详解】maybe 意为 “也许;大概” ,相当于 perhaps,后接句子,用来表达一种不确定的推测。 例如:Maybe he is in the classroom. 也许他在教室里。 【拓展】maybe 与 may be 的区别:maybe 是副词,而 may be 是 “情态动词 may + be 动词” 结构,在句中作谓语 。例如:Maybe he is right. = He may be right. 也许他是对的。 【典例】 ( )______ she will come to the sports meeting tomorrow. A. Maybe B. May be C. May D. Can 答案:A 【考点4】Yes, twice a week, and sometimes more! 是的,一周两次,有时候更多。 【详解1】 twice 用作副词,表示次数,意为 “两次;两倍”。次数的表达如下: 次数的表达 总结: 表达次数很容易,once,twice单独记, 三次以上有规律,基数词后加times就可以。 once 一次 twice 两次 three times 三次 many times 很多次 几次到几次 … to … 如:three to four times 三到四次 几次或几次 …or… 如:three or four times 三次或四次 每天…次:次数+ a day 每天一次:once a day 每周…次:次数+ a week 每周两次:twice a week 每月…次:次数+ a month 每月四次:four times a month 每年…次:次数+ a year 每年十次:ten times a year 【拓展】 固定搭配: at once 立即,马上 once again 再一次 once in a while 偶尔地;有时 once upon a time 从前 think twice 再三考虑 【典例】 ( )1. They watch TV _____ a week. A.every B.once or twice C.two or three time D.once or two times ( )2. You’d better______ before making an important decision. A.think two B.to think twice C.think twice D.to think two 3. 我一周打两次篮球。_______________________________________ 答案:1. B 2. C 3. I play basketball twice a day. 【详解2】 sometimes频度副词,意为"有时"。同义短语为at times。 例句: I sometimes play computer games. 我有时候玩电脑游戏。 【拓展】sometimes、sometime、some time和some times辨析 单词 词义 用法 sometimes 有时=at times 用于一般现在时和一般过去时中 sometime 某时(时间点) 用于一般将来时或一般过去时中 some time 一段时间 可用于多种时态(指时间段) some times 几次,几倍 表示次数或倍数 例句:He was sometimes late for school. 他有时上学迟到。 He came here sometime. 他某个时候来过这里。 He will stay there for some time. 他将在那里待一段时间。 She came home some times. 她回了几次家。 【巧学助记】 sometimes,some times,sometime与some time 分开一段时间(some time),相聚某个时候(sometime)。相连s是有时(sometimes),分开s是倍、次(some times)。 【典例】 ( )1.________ my parents spend ________ talking with me about my study. A.Sometime; sometime B.Sometimes; some time C.Sometimes; some times D.Sometime; sometimes ( )2.I ______ play football on Friday afternoon. A.sometime B.sometimes C.some time D.some times 3. 用sometimes、sometime、some time和some times填空 1).Come to see us . 2).He _____________ writes to me. 3). She always spends ______________ on her English. 4). I met him ____________ in the street last month. 答案:1. B 2. B 3. 1) sometime 2) sometimes 3) some time 4) some times 【考点5】Hardly ever. 几乎不 【详解】 hardly ever相当于hardly,ever起强调作用。其中hardly用作副词,意为“几乎不/没有”,它本身具有否定意义,不能再与其他否定词连用。 例如: She hardly ever eats anything. 她几乎什么都没吃。 【拓展】 hard 用作形容词,意为“硬的;困难的”;用作副词,意为“努力地”。 This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬,挖不动。 They study hard every day. 他们每天努力学习。 hardly adv,几乎不,表示否定意义 He can hardly play basketball. 他几乎不会打篮球。 【典例】 ( )1.I worked so ________ on the Math problem but still could ________ work it out. A.hardly, hard B.hardly, hardly C.hard, hard D.hard, hardly ( )2.—How often does he watch TV? —He hardly ever ________ TV. A.watches B.watched C.is watching D.will watch ( )3.My mother ________  surfs the Internet. She likes watching TV. A.doesn't hardly ever B.hardly ever C.isn't hardly ever D.hardly never 4. 1.I can believe he is practicing in the yard. (hard,hardly) 答案:1.D 2.A 3.B 4. hardly; hard 【考点6】 I seldom do, but I often play badminton.:我很少做(其他运动),但是我经常打羽毛球。 【详解】seldom 是频度副词,意为 “很少;不常” ,表示做某事的频率很低,位于实义动词之前,be 动词、情态动词或助动词之后 。 例如:He seldom goes to the cinema. 他很少去看电影。 【详解】常见的频度副词从频率高到低排序为: always(总是) > usually(通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > seldom(很少) > never(从不) 。 对频度副词提问用 how often 。 【典例】 ( )He ______ eats junk food because he knows it's bad for his health. A. always B. usually C. often D. seldom 答案:D 【考点7】 a few times 几次 【详解】 few, a few,little 与a little的用法区别 few 修饰可数名词复数形式 表示否定意义,意为"几乎没有"。 a few 表示肯定意义,意为"一些"。 little 修饰不可数名词 表示否定意义,意为"几乎没有"。 a little 表示肯定意义,意为"一点"。 【典例】 一、单项选择 ( )1.There is only ________ water in the bottle, so ________ people can drink it. A.a few; few B.a little; few C.little; a few D.a little; a little ( )2.I’m happy to have __________ money and __________ friends. A.little; a few B.few; a little C.a little; a few D.a few; a little 二、选词填空 few    a few    little    a little 1.I can speak English. Could you talk with me in Chinese? 2.Tim has friends here. He feels lonely. 3.My father bought me books. They’re very interesting. 4.—Can you speak French? —Yes, but only . 答案: 一、1.B 2.C 二、1.little 2.few 3.a few 4.a little 【考点8】 Who does this T-shirt belong to? 这件T恤是谁的? 【详解】 belong to表示“属于; 是..的成员”, 后面接名词或代词宾格作宾语, 不可用于被动语态和进行时态。 ∆“belong to+人” 相当于 “be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”。 例句:That pen belongs to me.= That pen is mine. 那支钢笔是我的。 【拓展】 belong不与to连用时, 后面通常跟的是副词或其他介词短语,表示“应当在(某处),适合在(某处)”。 例句: That table belongs in the other room. 那张桌子是另外那个房间的。 【典例】 ( )1.—_________ basketball is this? —It must belong to _________. A.Whom, hers B.Whose, his C.Who’s, hers D.Whose, her ( )2.The toy car must belong to ________. A.Tom B.Tom’s C.Toms’ D.the Tom ( )3.—________ hair band is this? —It must ________ Marry. A.Whose; belong to B.Who’s; belong to C.Whose; belongs to D.Who’s; belongs to 答案: D A A 【考点9】When I jog in the park, I can hear birds singing.当我在公园慢跑时,我能听到鸟儿唱歌。 “hear sb/sth doing sth” 表示 “听到某人 / 某物正在做某事”。 【详解】1.“hear sb/sth doing sth” 强调听到动作正在进行 。 例如:I heard someone crying in the next room.(我听到隔壁房间有人正在哭泣) 。 2.另外,“hear sb/sth do sth” 表示 “听到某人 / 某物做了某事” ,强调听到动作的全过程 。 例如:I heard him go out just now.(我刚才听到他出去了) 。 【拓展】类似的感官动词还有 see(看见)、watch(观看)、feel(感觉)、notice(注意到)等,它们也有 “see/watch/feel/notice sb/sth doing sth(看见 / 观看 / 感觉 / 注意到某人 / 某物正在做某事)” 和 “see/watch/feel/notice sb/sth do sth(看见 / 观看 / 感觉 / 注意到某人 / 某物做了某事)” 的用法 。例如:I saw her playing basketball on the playground.(我看见她正在操场上打篮球) ;I saw him enter the classroom.(我看见他进了教室) 。 【典例】 ( )1.I often hear the girl ______ in the next room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings ( )2.Yesterday I saw a dog ______ after a cat in the street. A. run B. to run C. running D. runs 答案:1.A 2.C 【考点10】 It’s easy to go jogging.慢跑很简单 【详解】该结构中,it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语 “to do sth.”,形容词用于描述做某事的性质或特点 。 例如:It's necessary for students to do their homework on time.(对学生来说按时做作业是必要的) 。 【拓展】当形容词用来描述人的性格、品质时,常用 “It's + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.” 结构 。 例如:It's kind of you to help me.(你帮助我真是太好了) ,这里的 “kind” 是描述 “you” 的品质 。 能用于此结构的形容词常见的有 kind、nice、clever、foolish 等 。 【典例】 ( )1.It's very difficult ______ me ______ solve the math problem. A. for; to B. of; to C. for; / D. of; / ( )2.It's very ______ you to give me so much help. A. kind for B. kind of C. good for D. well of 答案:1.A 2.B 【考点11】 I’m always full of energy after jogging. 跑步后我总是充满能量。 【详解】 (1)full作形容词,可意为“忙的”,相当于busy,其反义词是 free “空闲的”。 例句:I am very full/busy today. 我今天很忙。 (2)full作形容词,还可意为“满的;充满的”,其反义词是empty“空的”, be full of...= be filled with... 意为“充满...... ;装满......”。 例句:The bottle is full of water. = The bottle is filled with water. 这个瓶子装满了水。 (3)full作形容词,还可意为“吃饱了的”,其反义词是hungry“饥饿的”。 例句:Thank you for your delicious cake, but I am really full. 谢谢你美味的蛋糕,但是我真的吃饱了。 【图解助记】 【典例】 ( )1.Shanshan is full _______ energy and she is friendly _________ others. A.with; for B.of; with C.of; to D.of; for ( )2.The bag is so heavy. It is full ________ books. A.of B.at C.on D.in ( )3.The girl’s basket is full of strawberries. A.is proud of B.is fond of C.is filled with D.is interested in ( )4.—Would you like some milk shake? —________. I’m full. A.Yes, please B.No, thanks C.Well down D.That’s all right ( )5.I can’t go with you  because I am________today. A.free B.full C.happy D.exciting 答案:1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B 【考点12】 We encourage one another to do tricks. 我们互相鼓励玩滑板的花式。 【详解】“encourage” 常用结构为 “encourage sb to do sth”,意为 “鼓励某人做某事” 。 例如:My parents encourage me to learn a musical instrument.(我的父母鼓励我学习一种乐器) 。 【拓展】 1.“encourage” 的名词形式是 “encouragement”,意为 “鼓励;鼓舞” 。 例如:With the encouragement of my teacher, I decided to take part in the speech contest.(在老师的鼓励下,我决定参加演讲比赛) 。 2.另外,“encourage” 的反义词是 “discourage”,意为 “使气馁;阻止” ,常用结构 “discourage sb from doing sth”,表示 “阻止某人做某事” 。 例如:The bad weather discouraged us from going out.(恶劣的天气阻止了我们外出) 。 【典例】 ( )1.Our coach always ______ us to believe in ourselves. A. encourages B. makes C. lets D. has ( )2.Thanks for your ______. It gives me a lot of confidence. A. encourage B. encourages C. encouragement D. encouraging 答案:1.A 2.C 【考点13】 Some tricks are difficult, but once you succeed, you feel great! 有一些技巧很难,但是一旦你成功了,你就会感觉很棒。 【详解1】 succeed是不及物动词,意为"实现目标;成功",不能用于被动语态。 常用短语:succeed in sth. 在某方面获得成功; succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事。 例句: He succeeded in passing the exam. 他成功地通过了考试。 【拓展】 (1)success n. 成功 例句: The party was a big success. 晚会非常成功。 (2)successful adj. 成功的 例句: I was successful in passing the math exam. 我成功地过了这次数学测验。 (3)successfully adv. 成功地 例句: He solved the problem successfully. 他成功地解决了那个问题。 【典例】 ( )1.The road to ________ is difficult, but if you work hard, you’re sure to _________. A.success; succeed B.successful; success C.succeed; success D.succeed; successful ( )2.William Shakespeare ________ in writing many great plays and he was a ________ playwright (剧作家) . A.success; succeed B.successful; success C.succeeded; successful D.successfully; successful ( )3.—The man is a __________ actor. His new movie is a big __________. —How lucky he is! A.success, succeed B.successful, success C.successfully, success D.successful, successfully 答案:A C B 【详解2】 feel 在这里是系动词,后跟形容词,表示某人的感觉,以人作主语。 例句: I don’t feel very well today. 我今天感到不太舒服。 【拓展】 ① feel表示某物摸起来给人的感觉,通常要以被摸之物作主语。 例句:Your hand feels cold. 你的手摸起来很凉。 ②feel like doing sth. 表示“感到想要(做某事)” 例句:I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 He doesn’t feel like going to work. 他不想去上班。 【典例】 ( )1.How smooth the silk clothes ________! A.feels B.feel C.are feeling D.felt ( )2.What a nice day! I feel like ________ a picnic outside. A.have B.to have C.having D.had ( )3.It feels ________ to enjoy the music and art at the same festival. A.greatly B.greater C.great D.greatest 答案:B C C 【考点14】 This year, my goal is to be really fit.年,我的目标是保持健康。 【详解】goal〔可数名词〕 ①目标;目的   achieve/reach one's goal 达到某人的目标 keep a goal坚持目标 Keep a goal, and you'll achieve your goal. 坚持一个目标,你就会实现你的目标。 ②球门;进球得分 Work as a team, and we can get a goal. 团队协作,我们就能得分。 【典例】What is your main ______ this year? — To improve my English speaking skills. A. goal B. habit C. hobby D. problem 答案:A 【考点15】The app gives me exercises to do everyday.这个应用程序每天给我提供锻炼项目来做。 【详解】give〔及物动词〕给;提供;过去式为 gave。give 后可接双宾语,即give sb sth= give sth to sb “把某物给某人”。 He gives me a dictionary. 他给了我一本词典。 =He gives a dictionary to me. 【注意】如果直接宾语是代词,只能用含有介词 to的形式。 Please give it to Li Lei. 请把它给李磊。 【拓展】和give类似,能接双宾语的动词还有tell(告诉),show(给·..看),pass(传递), teach(教)等。 Tom often tells me good stories.汤姆常给我讲好故事。 =Tom often tells good storics to me. Mr Zhang shows us some beautiful pictures. 张老师给我们展示了一些漂亮的图片。 =Mr Zhang shows some beautiful picturesto us. 【典例】My teacher gives me an English book. My teacher ______an English teacher ______me. 答案:gives, to 【考点16】 It can show my progress. 它可以展示我的进步。 【详解】 progress作不可数名词,意为“进步”。 常用短语:make (good)progress (in...) 意为“(在……方面)取得(大的)进步” 例句:Study hard and make progress every day.好好学习,天天向上。 You have made good progress in your English. 你在英语方面取得了很大的进步。 【拓展】 progress 还用作不及物动词,意为“进步;进展”。 例句:My sister’s math is progressing. 我妹妹的数学正在进步。 【典例】 ( )—Miss Zhao, I won the writing prize! —Good job! Study hard and ______ every day. A.make faces B.make mistakes C.make friends D. make progress 答案:D 【考点17】 We have fun when we keep fit together!当我们一起保持健康时我们很开心! 【详解】have fun快乐;玩得高兴与have a good time, enjoy oneself同义。 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事 Sounds like he has fun 听起来好像他玩得很高兴! They have fun playing football. 他们愉快地踢足球。 【典例】We had fun ______ basketball in the park yesterday. A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays 答案:C. 【考点18】I'm in my school's baseball club, so I play baseball quite often.我参加了学校的棒球社团,所以我经常打棒球。 【详解】be in/on+组织/团队参加a,是......的一员相当于“be a member of+组织/团队”。 Tom is in/on the school basketball team. 汤姆参加了校篮球队。 =Tom is a member of the school basketball team.汤姆是校篮球队的一员。 【典例】Mary is in the school music club. Mary ______ the school music club. 答案: is a member of 【考点19】The other teams are great, but I think ours is the best!其他队都很出色,但我认为我们队是最好的! 【详解】team〔名词〕队;组;表示由若干人组成的“队”或“组”等,具有集合意义。在句中作主语时,谓语动词根据情况可用单数(侧重整体)或复数(侧重个体)。 a team of+复数名词一组/队...... Their team has good players, but our teamwork hard.他们队有优秀的队员,但我们队的队员很努力。a team of students 一群学生 【典例】搬迁用了三个人六小时. The move take six hour with______ _____ ______three men. 答案:a team of 【考点20】 We usually practise three times a week after school.我们通常每周在放学后练习三次。 【详解】after school放学后 The students usually do their homework after school. 放学后,学生们通常做作业。 【拓展】before school上学前    at/in school在上学,在学校里    before class上课前    after class 课后    in class 在课堂上 【典例】放学后我想打篮球。 I want to play basketball ________ _______. 答案:after school 【考点21】We also exercise a lot because it keeps us fit and helps us play better.我们也进行大量的锻炼,因为这能让我们保持健康,帮助我们打得更好。 【详解】a lot ①经常(=often); 非常(=very much);相当于副词的用法。 I play tennis a lot in the summer. 我夏天常打网球。 Thanks a lot for your help. 非常感谢你的帮助。 ②许多,大量;相当于代词的用法。 I spend a lot on the clothes. 我在衣服上花费很多。 【典例】你有很多作业吗? Do you have______ _____ ________homework? 你经常锻炼吗? Do you exercise______ _____? 答案:1.a lot of 2.a lot 【考点22】 We work as a team, and we win or lose as a team.我们作为一个团队工作,我们作为一个团队赢或者输。 【详解1】 “work as a team” 表示 “团队合作”。“work as a team” 用于描述大家为了共同目标,像一个团队一样协作工作 。 例如:In a football match, players need to work as a team.(在足球比赛中,球员们需要团队合作) 。 【拓展】1.表达 “团队合作” 还可以用 “teamwork” ,这是一个名词 。 例如:Teamwork is very important in this project.(团队合作在这个项目中非常重要) 。 2.此外,与 “team” 相关的短语还有 “team spirit(团队精神)” 。 例如:We should have a strong team spirit.(我们应该有很强的团队精神) 。 【详解2】 lose主要用作动词,意为“丢失;失去;输掉”,可用作及物或不及物动词,后接名词或代词,过去式是lost。 常用搭配:lose face 丢脸 lost heart 失去信心 lose money 损失金钱 lose oneself in 陶醉于 【拓展】 ①Lost “寻物启事” 反义词 Found “失物招领启事” 例如: Lost and Found “失物招领处” ②lost 还可以作形容词,意思为“迷路的; 丢失的”。 常用短语:get/be lost 例句:He always gets lost when he goes shopping. 他购物的时候经常迷路。 【典例】 一、单项选择 ( )1.Don’t lose your ________, believe in yourself and you can pass the exam. A.joy B.plan C.heart D.money ( )2.People in a hurry often ________ things, and the ________ and found offices may help you. A. loses; lost B.lose; lost C.lose; loses D.lose; lose ( )2.To finish the task on time, we must ______. A. work as a team B. work by ourselves C. work for a team D. work with a team ( )4.______ is the key to success in many activities. A. Teamwork B. Team spirit C. Working hard D. Good luck 二、单词拼写 1.Mum looked for her key everywhere but found nothing. (lose) 2.I (lose) my school ID card yesterday. 三、完成句子 如果你不想迷路,你最好带上地图。 If you don’t want to _________ _________ , you’d better take the map with you. 答案:一、1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A 二、1.lost 2.lost 三、 get lost 频度副词 1. 询问频率及回答 How often do you play...?(你多久打 / 做一次……?) How often do you play ping - pong?(你多久打一次乒乓球?) I play it three times a week.(我一周打三次。);I seldom / sometimes / often...(我很少 / 有时 / 经常……);once or twice at weekends(在周末一两次) 。 ●句型结构 How often...?”是一个用于询问频率的特殊疑问句句型。“how often”是疑问词组,用来询问某个动作或行为发生的频率,即每隔多久做一次某事。这个句型在初中英语中主要用于日常交流、话题讨论等场景,帮助学生了解他人做某事的频繁程度,也能让学生学会表达自己做某事的频率情况,从而更好地进行信息交流和语言表达。 ●回答方式 使用数字 + 时间单位: 用具体的数字表明次数,再加上时间单位(如“a week(一周)”“a month(一个月)”“a year(一年)”等)来精确说明频率。还可以有“twice a month(一个月两次)”“four times a year(一年四次)”等回答。 使用频率副词: 英语中的频率副词也是回答频率问题的常用方式,按照频率从低到高排列有“never(从不)”“seldom(很少)”“sometimes(有时)”“often(经常)”“usually(通常)”“always(总是)”。“How often do you exercise?”可以回答“I seldom exercise.”或者“I usually exercise every day.”等。 使用模糊时间短语回答 表示在某个时间段内的次数:如“once or twice at weekends”这种表达,表明在周末这个时间段内做某事的次数为一两次。类似的还有“a few times in a month(一个月里几次)”“several times during the holiday(假期里几次)”等。还可以用“from time to time(时不时地)”“every now and then(偶尔)”等短语来回答,这些表达没有明确的次数,但能传达出一种大致的频率概念。 ●注意事项 主谓一致: 在回答中,如果主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it等),动词要注意使用相应的第三人称单数形式。“How often does she play the piano?”回答应该是“She plays it twice a week.”而不能用“play”。 时态一致: 问句和回答的时态通常要保持一致。如果问句是一般现在时“How often do you...?”,回答也应该用一般现在时来表达经常发生的动作或情况。如果问的是过去的频率“How often did you...?”,回答就要用一般过去时,如“I played it twice a month last year.” ★即学即练 1. —How often do you play basketball? —______. I'm not good at it. A. Every day B. Three times a week C. Seldom D. Always 2. —How often does your father go fishing? —He goes fishing ______. He loves it very much. A. once a month B. sometimes C. hardly ever D. twice a year 3. —How often do you watch TV? —______. I usually watch TV after I finish my homework. A. Often B. Never C. Once a year D. Twice 4. —How often do you go to the park? —______. I like to take a walk there. A. Once in a while B. Every few months C. Often D. Three times 5. —How often does your sister exercise? —She exercises ______. She's really healthy. A. sometimes B. hardly C. once a week D. almost every day 1. 答案:C 解析:A选项“Every day”(每天)、B选项“Three times a week”(一周三次)、D选项“Always”(总是)都表示较高的频率。而答语中“I'm not good at it.”(我不擅长打篮球),说明不常打篮球,C选项“Seldom”(很少)符合语境。所以选C。 2. 答案:A 解析:A选项“once a month”(一个月一次);B选项“sometimes”(有时),表述比较模糊,不如“once a month”能准确回答“how often”的提问;C选项“hardly ever”(几乎从不),与“He loves it very much.”(他非常喜欢钓鱼)矛盾;D选项“twice a year”(一年两次),频率较低,与“非常喜欢”所暗示的较高频率不符。所以选A。 3. 答案:A 解析:A选项“Often”(经常),根据答语“I usually watch TV after I finish my homework.”(我通常在完成作业后看电视),说明看电视的频率较高,“Often”符合语境;B选项“Never”(从不)与回答内容不符;C选项“Once a year”(一年一次)频率很低,不符合“usually”的语境;D选项“Twice”(两次),没有说明时间范围,不能很好地回答“How often”(多久一次)的提问。所以选A。 4. 答案:C 解析:A选项“Once in a while”(偶尔);B选项“Every few months”(每几个月);C选项“Often”(经常),根据“I like to take a walk there.”(我喜欢在那里散步),说明去公园的频率较高,“Often”更符合语境;D选项“Three times”(三次),没有说明时间范围,不能准确回答“how often”的提问。所以选C。 5. 答案:D 解析:A选项“sometimes”(有时);B选项“hardly”(几乎不),与“She's really healthy.”(她真的很健康)矛盾;C选项“once a week”(一周一次);D选项“almost every day”(几乎每天),根据“她真的很健康”可知,较高的锻炼频率符合健康的状况,“almost every day”更能体现出锻炼的频繁程度。所以选D。 (2) 物主代词 1. 定义和分类。 汉语中“你的、她的、我的……”这样含义的词在英文中翻译为“your, her, my…”;这些表示所属关系的代词称为物主代词。物主代词可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 具体用法。 1)形容词性物主代词翻译为“……的”,它的用法相当于形容词,后面可以接名词,不可以单独使用。 例如:my book 我的书 her bike 她的自行车 2)在形容词性物主代词和名词之间还可以加入其他的形容词做修饰语。 例如:This is her yellow bike. 这是她的黄色自行车。 That is his blue shirt. 那是他的蓝色衬衫。 3)名词性物主代词既有代词的性质也有名词的性质,后面不可以接名词。 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。 例如:This is my book= This is mine. 这是我的书。= 这是我的(书)。 That is your bike= That is yours. 那是你的自行车。= 那是你的(自行车)。 以下是物主代词的列表:人 称 类 别 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its 复数 形容词性物主代词 our your their 名词性物主代词 ours yours theirs 【语法专项训练】 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.What’s (you) name? (I) name is Nancy. 2.Look at (she) skirt. (it) is pretty. 3.What’s (he) father's job?(him) a worker. 4.The woman in the black skirt is (she) mother. 5. (I) am Ben. (I) am a new student here. (I) eyes are big. 6. What are (your)? (our) are teachers. 7. What is (he)job? (he) job is a doctor. 8. What’s the girl's name? (her) is Su Yang. 9. The woman over there is (we) English teacher. (I) all like (she) very much. 10. (he)mother is a driver. (she) mother is a nurse. (their) all look young. 11. is my brother. name is Jack. Look! Those are pens. (he) 12. is my aunt. Do you know job? is a student. (she) 13.Where are ? I can't find . Let’s call parents. (they) 14.Don't touch . is not a cat, is a tiger! (it) 15 don't know her name. Would you please tell ? (we) 2、 单项选择 1.________ name is Cindy Green. A.I B.My C.Me D.Mine 2.Can I use your computer? ________ isn’t working. A.My B.Your C.Mine D.I 3.—Whose car is this? —It’s ________. A.theirs B.your C.our D.my 4.Jack’s birthday is on August 23. ________ is on August 11. A.His mother’s B.His mother C.He mother’s D.He mother 5.—Whose schoolbag is under the desk? —Oh, it is ________. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 6.—Jack, are these books ________? —No, ________ John’s. A.yours; it’s B.your; they’re C.yours; they’re D.your; it’s 7.The hair band can’t belong to_________. _________ is in her school bag. A.her; Hers B.her; Her C.hers; Hers D.hers; Her 8.—Excuse me, is this Jack’s pencil box? —Yes, it’s . A.mine B.ours C.his D.theirs 9.Hi, sir. This is________ learning plan for this month. A.I B.my C.me D.mine 10.—Whose eraser is it? It’s blue. —It’s ________. A. me B.mine C.my D.I 答案: 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.your, My   2.her, It   3.his, He’s  4.her  5. I, I, My  6.you, We 7.his,His   8. She 9. our, We, her  10. His, Her, They    11. He, His, his 12.She, her, She   13. they, them,their  14.it, It, it   15. We, us 二、1.B 解析:句意:我的名字叫Cindy Green。 考查代词辨析。I我,主格;My我的,形容词性物主代词;Me我,宾格;Mine我的,名词性物主代词。根据“…name is Cindy Green.”可知,此处应填形容词性物主代词作定语修饰name。故选B。 2.C 解析:句意:我可以用一下你的电脑吗?我的坏了。 考查代词。My我的,形容词性物主代词;Your你的;Mine我的,名词性物主代词;I我。根据“Can I use your computer...isn’t working.”可知,此处指代的是“我的电脑”,空后没有名词,应用名词性物主代词,故选C。 3.A 解析:句意:——这是谁的车?——这是他们的。 考查代词辨析。theirs他们的(东西),名词性物主代词;your你的/你们的,形容词性物主代词;our我们的,形容词性物主代词;my我的,形容词性物主代词。根据“Whose car is this?”结合“It’s … ”可知,此处应用名词性物主代词theirs,表示是他们的车。故选A。 4.A 解析:句意:Jack的生日是在8月23日。他妈妈的是在8月11日。 考查名词所有格。His mother’s他妈妈的;His mother他的妈妈;He mother’s错误表达;He mother错误表达。根据“is on August 11”可知主语应用’s名词所有格表示他妈妈的生日,mother为名词,其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故选A。 5.D 解析:句意:——谁的书包在桌子下面?——哦,是我的。 考查人称代词。I我,人称代词主格;me我,宾格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词。根据“Whose schoolbag is under the desk?”可知,此处表达“我的书包”,故应用名词性物主代词。故选D。 6.C 解析:句意:——Jack,这些书是你的吗?——不,他们是John的。 考查物主代词和人称代词。yours你的,名词性物主代词;your你的,形容词性物主代词;they’re它们是;it’s它是。第一句在句尾,应用名词性物主代词,单独使用;根据these books可知,答语应是人称代词的复数they代替,故选C。 7.A 解析:句意:这个发带不可能是她的。她的在她的书包里。 考查代词辨析。her她/她的,宾格/形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词。belong to后接代词的宾格作宾语,所以用her。第二空在句中作主语且空后没有名词, 指代“她的发带”,用名词性物主代词。 故选A。 8.C 解析:句意:——打扰一下,这是杰克的铅笔盒吗?——是的,是他的。 考查名词性物主代词。mine我的;ours我们的;his他的;theirs他们的。根据“is this Jack’s pencil box”这是杰克的铅笔盒吗,后文的答语,应是是的,它是杰克的。故选C。 9.B 解析:句意:你好,先生。这是我这个月的学习计划。 考查代词辨析。I我,主格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;me我,宾格;mine我的,名词性物主代词。根据“learning plan”可知,空处修饰学习计划,应用形容词性物主代词my作定语。故选B。 10.B 解析:句意:——这是谁的橡皮擦?它是蓝色的。——是我的。 考查代词词义辨析。me我,人称代词宾格;mine我的,名词性物主代词;my我的,形容词性物主代词;I我,人称代词主格。根据“Whose eraser is it?”可知,此处指这块橡皮擦是我的,空后没有名词,所以此处应用名词性物主代词。故选B。 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 5 Keep Fit  速记清单-2024-2025学年六年级英语下册单元速记·巧练(鲁教版五四制2024)
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Unit 5 Keep Fit  速记清单-2024-2025学年六年级英语下册单元速记·巧练(鲁教版五四制2024)
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Unit 5 Keep Fit  速记清单-2024-2025学年六年级英语下册单元速记·巧练(鲁教版五四制2024)
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