专题一 攻略(二)妙招(五) 三关注——解“写作意图题”（课件PPT）-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三二轮专题复习高效讲义（新教材）

高三二轮专题复习高效讲义 英 语 阅读理解 专 题 一 妙招(五) 三关注——解“写作意图题” 答题 ——掌握8大解题妙招，快速答题 攻略二 真题示例 2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C 真题示例 2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B ONTENT CONTENT 谢谢观看！ 段落或细节写作意图 (2023·全国甲卷) 29.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4？ (2023·浙江1月卷) 28.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph？ (2023·浙江1月卷) 34.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4？ 全文写作意图 (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C篇) 11.What is the purpose of this text? 从近几年高考来看，写作意图题主要分为整篇文章的写作意图和文章某个段落或某处细节的写作意图。主要设问方式： 无论是文章的写作意图，还是某个段落或者细节的写作意图，都必定与文章主题相关，为文章主题服务。解此类题通常采用“三关注”法。 类型1　全文写作意图 In the mid­1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that．Hence this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying 描述Tom Bissell在几年之后回到乌兹别克斯坦，写了一本关于咸海消失的书。 详细介绍了书中的内容：从塔什干到卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的公路旅行。 up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24­year­old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea. 详细介绍了书中的内容：对乌兹别克斯坦生活的快速回顾。 Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well­rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach.As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 对这本书的总体评价：对中亚最纯粹的传统的细致而生动的描述。 11．What is the purpose of this text? A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon. C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination. 【解题分析】 本题可以利用“关注主旨”的方法来推断全文写作意图。由以上各段主题句可知，文章主要围绕一本书展开的，故文章的写作目的是介绍一本书，故选A项。 √ 类型2　段落或细节写作意图 After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine. ... Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington．He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. 26．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John's research plans. B．To show an application of John's idea. C．To compare John's different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John's invention. √ 【解题分析】 本题可利用“关注关键信息”的方法来解题。由原文关键信息“He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine”可知，John决定建造一个他后来称之为生态机器的东西；由原文关键信息“He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China”可知，John设计了一台生态机器来改善福州的运河水质。由此可知，作者提到福州的目的是展示John的想法的实际应用。故选B项。 A (2024·郑州高三质检)You hate me.You don't even know me and you hate me.Before we've even spoken，you hate me.At least that's how it feels on my end of the call as a female collections officer at a call center. I dread the moment when I have to log on to our phone system first thing in the morning because I never know who is going to be on the other end of that call. Sometimes it's an easy task.The caller is pleasant and has accepted personal responsibility for their debts，and we get through the phone call with ease.Then there are the ones who call in looking for a fight，or looking for someone to blame.Through the luck of the phone system，that person is me. I've had people who shout at me，call me horrible names，accuse me personally of taking their money and threaten me.Why？I think it's because I am invisible.I think I would not be treated with the same level of disrespect if we were face to face.Fortunately for me，I have had years of experience in customer service，so I'm fairly rich in not letting the negative encounters bother me. The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy (同感).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there.That's why I'm good at my job—I understand what you're going through，and I'm here to help. Some days though，no matter how much I try to leave the stress behind when I hang up the phone，it stays with me.I may do some deep breathing，go for a quick walk or simply stick my head outside for a burst of fresh air.I do this so I don't carry that negativity on to my next call.That next call may be a person having the worst day of their life，but I don't want to ever be the one who makes it worse.We are all humans just trying to get by in life，which makes you and me equal.So please，the next time we talk，remember that. [语篇解读]本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者作为呼叫中心收款员的工作不被人尊重，常受人憎恶。尽管作者也能换位思考，理解客户，但还是希望得到平等的对待和尊重。 1．What does the underlined word “dread”in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Enjoy. B．Fear. C．Expect. D．Avoid. B　[词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“You hate me.You don't even know me and you hate me.Before we've even spoken，you hate me”可知，作者作为呼叫中心的收款员，在和客户的交往中，总是受到厌恶甚至憎恨，所以每天当作者必须登录电话系统时，作者会感到害怕，故B项与画线词的意义最为接近。] √ 2．Why does the author think some callers treat her badly? A．They get angry too easily. B．They blame her for their debts. C．They do not see her as a real person. D．They accuse her of taking their money. C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it's because I am invisible”可知，作者认为自己没有得到尊重是因为作者在电话的另一端，对方是看不见作者的。故C项正确。] √ 3．Why does the author think she is good at her job? A．She can offer callers best advice. B．She is always respected by callers. C．She can put herself in others' shoes. D．She isn't easily influenced by negativity. C　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy (同感).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there”可知，作者认为自己能够做好这份工作的原因是作者有同理心，能够理解打电话的人所处的境地，也就是说，作者能够换位思考。故选C。] √ 4．What is the author's main purpose in writing this text? A．To call for understanding of her job. B．To explain why she is good at her job. C．To introduce what she is responsible for. D．To complain about her being treated badly. A　[写作意图题。本文第一、二段讲到了作者工作中遇到的不受尊重的场景；第三段讲述作者在工作中遇到的形形色色的人；第四、五段作者分析了原因并讲到了自己能够应付的关键技能；再结合最后一段中的“We are all humans just trying to get by in life，which makes you and me equal.So please，the next time we talk，remember that”可以推断，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们尊重和理解她的工作。故A项正确。] √ B (2024·长沙适应性考试)Nothing earns attention like rarity.In the natural world, rarity is most clearly represented by the last members of a declining species.These scarce(稀少的) plants and animals are extremely valuable; they represent the final hope for preventing extinction.The efforts toward conserving rare species have made an enormous difference.In the past few decades, declines of many endangered plants and animals have been reversed(逆转).But the attention to scarcity could come at the expense of overlooking the ordinary. If we are to conserve nature, we must maintain our focus on the familiar.Increasingly, conservation is turning its sight in this direction—to safeguard what is common, not just what is rare. There are good reasons to consider the common.A study of North American birds uncovered that we have lost three billion birds on this continent within the past two generations. These declines include species once considered widespread and secure, like the common redpoll, whose numbers are down by 29 million and the common nighthawk, down by 26 million.The shocking losses are a reminder that the mark of a species in trouble is not rarity, but the rate of decline. Notably, the shifts in abundance of common species can translate into sizeable shifts in ecosystem functioning.One caribou herd(驯鹿群), numbering among the hundreds of thousands, removes millions of kilograms of food for animals every year and returns nutrients to the soil in the form of millions of kilograms of animal wastes. The value of common species is not just ecological and economic, but psychological.Study after study demonstrates that encounters with the natural world improve our mental state.Losing familiar species—whether birds in our backyard or butterflies on our doorstep—is likely to shrink(缩小) such opportunities for engagement. Rarity will always occupy a significant place in conservation.But in our pursuit for a sustainable and biodiverse future, we must avoid “the extinction of commonness”． [语篇解读]本文是说明文。主要介绍了在过去的几十年里，许多濒临灭绝的动植物的境况已经逆转。但是，对稀缺性物种的关注可能是以忽视熟悉物种为代价的。如果我们要保护自然，我们必须保持对熟悉物种的关注。 5．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To make a survey. B．To offer a suggestion. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide an example. C　[写作意图题。文章第一段谈到保护稀有物种的努力产生了巨大的影响，但根据第一段最后一句中的But可知，此处话题产生转折，引出“对稀缺性物种的关注可能是以忽视熟悉物种为代价的”这一观点，也就是说第一段的目的是引出文章主题，故选C。A项“进行调查”；B项“提供建议”；C项“介绍主题”；D项“举例子”。] √ 6．What does the example of the bird study suggest according to the text? A．Species losses balance the ecosystem. B．Birds produce many nutrients to the soil. C．Species' rate of decline arouses people's concern. D．Birds are described as widespread and secure animals. √ C　[细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段中的“These declines include species once considered widespread and secure”可知，关于北美鸟类的一项研究显示出的下降包括曾经被认为分布广泛且安全的物种；再由“The shocking losses are a reminder that the mark of a species in trouble is not rarity, but the rate of decline”可知，这些令人震惊的损失提醒我们，某一物种陷入困境的标志不是其稀有性，而是其下降速度。因此可推测，文中谈到该鸟类研究是想说物种下降速度之快，引起了人们的关注，故选C。] 7．What can we conclude from the text? A．Rarity matters most in conservation. B．Familiar species shouldn't be ignored. C．Biodiversity results in the extinction of commonness. D．People's physical state worsens for the sustainable development. B　[推理判断题。由第一段中引出主题的最后一句“But the attention to scarcity could come at the expense of overlooking the ordinary”、第二段最后一句和文章最后一句可知，熟悉的物种不应该被忽视，故选B。A项“稀有性在保护中最为重要”；B项“熟悉的物种不应该被忽视”；C项“生物多样性导致共同性的灭绝”；D项“人们的身体状态因可持续发展而变得更糟”。] √ 8．Where is this text most probably taken from? A．A news report. B．A health column. C．A biology magazine. D．A travel brochure. C　[文章出处题。本文主要谈论了关注稀有物种的同时，我们也应该保护熟悉的物种，这些和未来实现可持续发展息息相关，故本文最可能来自一本生物学杂志，故选C。] √ $$