专题一 攻略(二)妙招(二) 定比换——解“语义转换题”（课件PPT）-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三二轮专题复习高效讲义（新教材）

高三二轮专题复习高效讲义 英 语 阅读理解 专 题 一 妙招(二) 定比换——解“语义转换题” 答题 ——掌握8大解题妙招，快速答题 攻略二 真题示例 2024·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A 真题示例 2024·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B 真题示例 2024·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读D ONTENT CONTENT 谢谢观看！ 语义转换题，即命题人在命制正确选项时，对原文的信息进行了语义转换，考生不能一眼就从原文中找出正确答案，而是要准确深刻地理解关键信息的含义。以2024年新高考Ⅰ卷为例。 典型题目 原文表达 正确选项 第21题 restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species C.To protect the local ecosystem. 第22题 We'll be working rain or shine. B.Work even in bad weather. 第24题 laugh at his unusual methods A.He's odd. 第30题 Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text A.They can hold students' attention. 第32题 Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. B.They are mostly in electronic form. 细节理解题和推理判断题属于微观信息筛选题。解这两个题型，可以用“定比换”公式法。 类型1　同义表达 同义表达是指命题人利用同义词或近义词对原文的关键信息进行解释。解题时，考生应该根据题意，快速跳读全文，找到关键信息，然后在选项中寻找与原文信息很接近的同义词或近义词，这样就可确定正确答案。 AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided.Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. 23．What are the volunteers expected to do? A．Bring their own tools. B．Work even in bad weather. C．Wear a team uniform. D．Do at least three projects. √ 【解题分析】 第一步　定——回文定位 由题干关键词volunteers定位到AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分 第二步　比——搭桥对比 将四个选项信息与原文定位句搭桥，建立联系后进行对比，排除干扰项。 选项3 与原文搭桥对比 A.Bring their own tools. No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided. B.Work even in bad weather. We'll be working rain or shine. C.Wear a team uniform. Wear clothes that can get dirty. D.Do at least three projects. 原文未提及 第三步　换——同义表达 分析四个选项和原文后，发现只有选项B.Work even in bad weather是原文“We'll be working rain or shine.”的同义表达。故选B项。 类型2　信息归纳 信息归纳是指命题人用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或比较复杂的信息，这是命题人命制细节理解题时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应抓住该题所涉及的重要信息去理解，提炼其中的关键信息，可尝试用自己的语言去归纳文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳的信息很接近的选项作为正确答案。 Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle­relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. 25．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. √ 【解题分析】 第一步　定——回文定位 由题干关键词try acupuncture on pets定位到第二段的“Then he tried ...them to pets.” 第二步　比——搭桥对比 将四个选项信息与原文定位句搭桥，建立联系后进行对比，排除干扰项。 选项 与原文搭桥对比 A.He was trained in it at university. 原文未提及 B.He was inspired by another veterinarian. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. C.He benefited from it as a patient. he improved after two or three treatments D.He wanted to save money for pet owners. 原文未提及 第三步　换——信息归纳 归纳第二段的信息“ ...was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 类型3　深层含义 深层含义是指命题人挖掘某个句子和某处论述的隐含意义，也就是读懂其言外之意。考生若不经过认真思考，很难从字面意思寻找到正确答案。考生解这一类试题时，有时应该透彻理解这个句子或者论述所在句的上下文语境，抓重要线索去理解。当然，深刻理解某一句话的含义，尤其是一些关键词是解这类题的关键。 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI­powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 33．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down­to­earth writing style. C．It provides step­by­step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals. √ 【解题分析】 第一步　定——回文定位 由题干关键词feature of AI by Design定位到第二段的“thankfully, Campbell has ....as smart as AI.” 第二步　比——搭桥对比 将四个选项信息与原文定位句搭桥，建立联系后进行对比，排除干扰项。 选项 与原文搭桥对比 A.It is packed with complex codes. Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable B.It adopts a down­to­earth writing style. rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative 选项 与原文搭桥对比 C.It provides step­by­step instructions. 原文未提及 D.It is intended for AI professionals. rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative 第三步　换——深层含义 根据文章第二段的“She writes from ....as smart as AI.”可只这本书的特点是通俗易懂，由此推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。 A (2024·金丽衢十二校第一次联考)In February 2022, I began learning Chinese.Almost a year later, I found myself in Beijing, the capital of China.Before coming here, I had attended Chinese classes, and I could sense my progress in the language, albeit modest.As you might expect, studying for just one year wasn't sufficient to claim fluency, and to be honest, I'm not there yet.But full proficiency in the language is not necessary to immerse yourself in and enjoy many attractions of life in China. The one thing that truly makes me feel comfortable and alleviates loneliness is making friends and engaging in conversation.At Tsinghua University, where I pursued my studies in China, I made friends with many Chinese young people and relished spending time with them, be it for meals or leisure activities.I've been delighted to sing Chinese songs with my friends.I felt that connecting with my Chinese peers through a shared passion, such as singing, was incredibly enjoyable and beautiful.It transcended language barriers and fostered a sense of unity and joy that was truly special. During breaks from study, I frequently embarked on solo journeys across China.Although I have experienced traveling on overnight trains for over 12 hours several times and explored unfamiliar cities, I never felt fearful or unwelcome as a foreigner.Chinese people are consistently warm and welcoming to foreigners, and eager to engage in conversation. I once participated in community activities in northwest China's Gansu Province to gain a deeper understanding of China's rural areas and contribute to the development of local communities and education.As a volunteer teacher at a local school, I shared contemporary and traditional French culture such as anime, architecture, pop music and languages with the students. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍作者来中国学习、旅行和工作的经历，讲述了其所见所闻所感。 1．What is necessary for the author to enjoy attractions of life in China? A．Having proficiency in Chinese. B．Befriending foreign tourists. C．Setting out on solo journeys alone. D．Communicating with Chinese locals. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The one thing that truly...making friends and engaging in conversation”可知，真正让作者感到舒适和减轻孤独的一件事是交朋友并参与到交谈之中。文中的“feel comfortable”与题干中的“enjoy attractions of life”表达意思吻合，因此可推断，与中国当地人交流是作者享受中国生活魅力的必要条件。故选D。] √ 2．What does the underlined word “relished” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Advocated. B．Enjoyed. C．Postponed. D．Avoided. B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的“I made friends with many Chinese young people and”以及后文“spending time with them, be it for meals or leisure activities”可知，作者结交了许多中国的年轻朋友，并花时间与他们在一起，无论是吃饭还是进行休闲活动，由此可推断作者应该是开心、享受的。故画线词的意思是“享受”，与B项意思一致。advocate“提倡”，postpone“推迟”，avoid“避免”。] √ 3．How did the author develop the text? A．By listing number. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparison. D．By setting questions. B　[推理判断题。文章中作者通过分享自己在中国学习、旅行的经历，以及在中国甘肃社区活动中的具体例子来展开论述。由此可推知，作者通过举例来展开文章。故选B。A项“通过列出数字”，C项“通过对比”，D项“通过设置问题”。] √ 4．What is the author's impression of Chinese people? A．Hospitable. B．Cautious. C．Punctual. D．Smart. A　[细节理解题。倒数第二段谈到作者对中国人的看法“Chinese people are consistently warm and welcoming to foreigners, and eager to engage in conversation”(中国人一贯热情欢迎外国人，并渴望与他们交谈)。由此可知，作者对中国人的印象是好客的。故选A。cautious“小心的，谨慎的”，punctual“守时的”，smart“聪明的”。] √ B (2024·福州高三第一次质检)Jill Wheatley was a PE teacher in Germany.On the weekends she competed in marathons around Europe.But life threw her a near deadly blow.While teaching a PE class, she was hit on the head with a baseball.The impact was so great that it left her with a brain injury and 70 percent vision loss, permanently blinding her in one eye.She spent 26 months in seven different hospitals, at times wishing it would just all end. Desperately, Wheatley set out to find comfort and healing (治疗) in nature.She travelled to Nepal where a friend convinced her to run in the Annapurna 100 with him.The power from that race changed her life and eventually had her look up at the tops of the mountains.Project Vision 8000 was born.And she began her mission to stand on the top of the world's 14 highest mountains, towering 8，000 meters above sea level, to show herself and others the power of the choice and possibility. Colors and touch help guide her on the mountain and she has never once felt too tired to carry on.“The only constant thing is change, so when the weather gets really bad or a storm is coming in, I know it is going to pass.”So far, she's had few problems standing among giants, but she admits she continues to struggle with overcoming the “mountains of her mind”．Having already stared death in the face, Wheatley has great respect for the mountains and the mission she is on.But she's not scared.The experience almost claimed her life, but it is now the driving force and fuel behind her success.At every icy peak, she smiles and takes a quick video with a breathless “So very thankful” whispered into the thin air. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了德国的一名体育教师Wheatley在经历一次意外事故遭受打击之后，重塑积极人生态度的故事。 5．What happened to Wheatley according to Paragraph 1? A．She came last in a race. B．She suffered a head injury. C．She lost her sight completely. D．She was attacked on purpose in a class. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“While teaching a PE class, she was hit on the head with a baseball...blinding her in one eye”可知，Wheatley在给学生上体育课时，被一只棒球击中了头部，这致使她脑部损伤和一只眼睛永久失明。故选B项。A项“她在赛跑中位列最后”，B项“她遭受头部损伤”，C项“她完全失明”，D项“她在课堂上被有意攻击”。] √ 6．What drove Wheatley to launch Project Vision 8000? A．Her exploration of nature. B．Her friend's timely suggestions. C．Her strong love for sports. D．Her participation in the Annapurna 100. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“She travelled to Nepal where a friend convinced her...Project Vision 8000 was born”可知，她到尼泊尔旅行，在那里一个朋友说服她与他一起参加Annapurna 100比赛，来自比赛的力量改变了她的生活，最终让她屹立在群山之巅眺望，这促使Wheatley创立了Project Vision 8000项目。故选D项。A项“她对自然的探索”，B项“她朋友及时的建议”，C项“她对体育的挚爱”，D项“她参加Annapurna 100比赛”。] √ 7．What can we learn about Wheatley from the last paragraph? A．Her attitude toward adversity was reshaped. B．She was used to poor weather conditions. C．She ignored the mountains of her mind. D．Her nature helped her overcome fear. √ A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The only constant thing...going to pass”“Having already stared death...she's not scared”“but it is now the driving force and fuel behind her success”可知，Wheatley意识到唯一不变的事物就是变化，当天气真的不好或者暴风雨要来时她知道这会马上过去；直面死亡后，她对山和她的使命表示敬意；那次经历险些要了她的命，但现在却是她成功背后的推动力。由此我们可以看出，Wheatley对待逆境的态度已经发生了改变。故选A项。A项“她对待逆境的态度得以重塑”，B项“她习惯于恶劣的天气环境”，C项“她不顾自己内心的压力”，D项“她的天性帮助她战胜了恐惧”。] 8．What could be the best title for the text? A．Every peak is within reach B．Lose sight to gain vision C．Actions speak louder than words D．Nature will take its course B　[主旨大意题。文章介绍德国的一名体育教师Wheatley在一只眼意外失明后，创立Project Vision 8000项目的故事。该项目的使命是激励自己克服困难，挑战自然和自我，站在世界最高峰，并向世人展示人生中选择和可能性的力量。Wheatley尽管失明，却能够积极地面对挫折，站在山巅，看得更远。由此可归纳出文章主旨是“失去视力获得了视野”，故选B项。A项“每一个山峰都触手可及”，C项“行动胜于语言”，D项“天行其道”。] √ $$