精品解析：重庆巴蜀中学2024-2025学年 八年级下学期英语开学试题

英语试题 第Ⅰ卷（共69分） Ⅰ. 听力测试。（每空1.5分，共9分） 短文理解填空。短文念两遍， 听短文，填写单词完成表格，填写6个单词，单词需填到答题卡相应位置。 1 Features（特点） The sit-down restaurant ◆It has comfortable seats. ◆It has great 2 ◆You can sometimes have some drinks for 3 The drive-through restaurant ◆It’s good for the busy people. ◆The waiter or waitress brings the food to your car very 4 The fast food restaurant ◆It’s good for the busy people. ◆It’s usually 5 . ◆It has 6 waiting time than that of the drive-through restaurant. Ⅱ.语法选择（每小题1分，共10分） There are many problems when I study in the Czech Republic (捷克共和国). Its official language is not English, so ____1____ first big problem is language. Many Czech people can’t speak English. I have to learn Czech. It is very difficult for me because ____2____ are many rules for grammar. In the beginning, I ____3____ understand them at all. However, little by little, I remembered the rules and learned ____4____ to speak Czech. From this experience, I learned that you need to like a language first, and then you could improve ____5____ If you live ____6____ a host family like me, there may be the second problem. You might argue (争论) with them, or you might-not understand their rules at home. For example, my host family didn’t want me ____7____ up late at weekends, so I tried to get up as early as possible. The best way to get along with the host family is to talk with them ____8____ often. You can tell them what happened at school every day. Also, if you are ready to help them clean the house or cook, they ____9____ very happy. The last problem is making friends. At school, I was often ignored (被忽略) when many of my classmates got together and discussed with each other. Sometimes, I felt really lonely (孤单的). However, I _____10_____ to talk to everyone I met and went out with them at weekends. Now, I have many good friends. 1. A. I B. my C. me 2. A. there B. these C. those 3. A. can’t B. could C. couldn’t 4. A. how B. what C. when 5. A. quick B. quicker C. quickly 6. A. with B. in C. for 7. A. get B. getting C. to get 8. A. much B. more C. most 9. A. are B. were C. will be 10. A. try B. tried C. tries Ⅲ. 完形填空。（每小题1.5分，共15分） When I was in primary school, I got into a big argument (争吵) with a boy in my class. I have forgotten what the argument was about, but I have never forgotten the ____11____ I learned that day. I was sure that I was right and he was wrong, but he was certain that I was wrong and he was right. Our teacher decided to ____12____ us a very important lesson. She brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on ____13____ . In the middle of her desk was a large, round object (物体). I could obviously see that it was black. She asked the boy what ____14____ the object was.“ ____15____ ,” he answered. I couldn’t believe he said the object was white, when it was ____16____ black! Another argument started between us, this time about the color of the object. The teacher told me to go stand ____17____ the boy was standing. We changed places, and then she asked me what color the object was. I had to answer,“ White.” It was an object with two ____18____ colored sides, and from his viewpoint it was white. Only from my side was it black. Sometimes we need to ____19____ things from the other person’s view in order to truly ____20____ them. 11. A. course B. class C. lesson D. motto 12. A. promise B. teach C. learn D. have 13. A. others B. another C. other D. the other 14. A. meaning B. shape C. color D. sound 15. A. Colorful B. Black C. White D. Green 16. A. almost B. clearly C. usually D. suddenly 17. A. when B. how C. why D. where 18. A. quickly B. truly C. sharply D. differently 19. A. look at B. look for C. look up D. look down 20. A. find B. own C. understand D. correct Ⅳ. 阅读理解。（27-29题，每小题1分，30-45题，每小题2分，共35分） A City walk is a popular activity. People walk around the city to find interesting places, learn about local culture and enjoy the city life while walking. Top 5 popular cities in China for city walking of 2024 1st: Shanghai 2nd: Beijing 3rd: Xiamen 4th: Qingdao 5th: Chongqing Ages of the people who like city walk best 16-18: 2% 19-33: 69% (24-28: 28%) over 34: 27% The 3 most beautiful city walk routes (路线) in Chongqing •Grand Theatre—Jiangbei City Park-Science and Technology Museum—Liujia Wharf (码头) •Ciqikou Ancient Town—Back Street—New Lane (巷)—Theatre in 1949 •E’ling Park—Mountain City Trails (步道)—Dongshuimen Bridge—Chaotianmen Wharf 21. Which is the fifth most popular city for city walking in China according to this text? A. Beijing. B. Shanghai. C. Qingdao. D. Chongqing. 22. More than half of the city walkers are________ years old. A. 16-18 B. 19-33 C. 24-28 D. 34-50 23. In which part of the magazine can we read this text? A Travel. B. Art. C. Science. D. History. B Do you still remember the following poems (诗歌)? Every time I read or hear them, they take me back to the sweet old days. Hush (安静) now, my little one. Hush now, my sunshine. Hush now piece of my heart. Go to sleep, my little one. Go to sleep, my love. Go to sleep, piece of my heart. Sleep, my little one, When I sing to you. Sleep, my little one, Who is already asleep. My mama feeds me, And washes my fur (皮毛). The first thing I see every morning is her. The last thing I kiss every night is her face My mama is the very best one, And sings like a bird, And knows how I feel, When I don’t say a word. My mama is warm. I can set the table. I can sweep (打扫) the floor. I can wash my clothes. And count to (数到) forty-four. I can wash dishes. And clean my bedroom. There is so much I can do. Now ask you! 24. The first poem is sung to ________. A. cousins B. friends C. babies D. teachers 25. In the second poem, the last thing I kiss every night is ________. A. the fur B. a bird C. mom’s bed D. mom’s face 26. What do you think of “mama” in the second poem? A. Shy. B. Understanding. C. Lucky. D. Serious. 27. The three poems are mainly about ________. A. food and health B. family and love C. animals and humans D. hobbies and sports C On January 28, 2025, a special performance called YangBOT amazed audiences at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala, China’s most-watched TV show. Directed by the famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou, the show mixed traditional Chinese yangko dance with modern robot technology. In the performance, humanoid robots (robots shaped like humans) dressed in colorful costumes danced yangko, a joyful folk dance from northern China often seen during festivals. They spun (旋转) handkerchiefs and made creative group patterns. These robots were developed by Unitree, a Chinese robotics company. This was not Unitree’s first success—in 2021, their robot cows named “Ben Ben” danced as backup for singer Andy Lau. The robots learned dance moves through AI and used laser navigation to move safely on the uneven (不平坦的) stage. Their strong joints (关节) (like knees with 360N·m power) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. Zhang Yimou explained, “This dance isn’t just fun—it shows how technology can bring new life to traditions.” Thanks to these innovations, the robots won the hearts of millions. On social media, topics like “Robot Yangko” trended quickly. Young viewers called it “cool”, while older audiences loved its humor and festive spirit. The YangBOT program is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride. As one fan said, “It’s like watching the past and future dance together!” 28. What was special about the performance at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala? A. It was directed by a foreign filmmaker. B. Only human dancers performed yangko. C. It was the first time robots appeared on the Gala. D. It combined traditional dance with robot technology. 29. How did the robots learn dance moves? A. By watching dance videos. B. By following human dancers. C. Through AI and laser navigation. D. With the help of traditional yangko dancers. 30. From the passage, we can infer that ________. A. traditional yangko dance will disappear in the future B. robots will replace human dancers in all performances C. more shows combining technology and culture will appear D. Unitree will develop new robots for the future Spring Festival Gala 31. What is the best title of the passage? A YangBOT: Tradition Meets Technology B. Spring Festival Gala: YangBOT’s Big Debut C. Unitree Robots: Dancing Their Way to Fame D. YangBOT: A Breakthrough in Robotics Technology D January 20 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1. This smart program can solve math problems, write code, and answer questions like top models such as Open AI’s GPT-40, but it costs much less to build. The team spent only $5.58 million（1/70 of Open AI’s cost）and used 2,048 computer chips for two months. This shows that good ideas can beat big money. DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice maths. Other AIs need lots of prepared examples, but R1 improves by itself. For example, in a global math test, it got 79.8% right, slightly higher than Open AI’s model. A simple version of R1 can even run on low-cost computers, helping schools and small companies. DeepSeek-R1 is free to use and change. On its first day online, over 19,000 programmers worldwide started projects to study it. A German scientist said experiments with RI cost $10 instead of $300 with other AIs. Even Meta（a famous U. S. tech company）top scientist said, “This kind of free AI could change the world.” US tech companies are worried. Meta plans to spend $65 billion more on AI research. Experts say China is catching up fast. A report in Nature magazine called R1 a “big step forward”, proving that smart ideas beat expensive tools. As a DeepSeek engineer said, “We want AI to be a friend, not something only rich people can use.” With R1, China shows the world that great things come from new ideas and hard work, not just money. 32. The passage is mainly developed by ________. A. providing examples B. listing numbers C. following the order of time D. comparing R1 with other AIs 33. What do the underlined words mean in paragraph 2? A. It becomes better through practice. B. It copies answers from other AIs. C. It needs programmers to fix mistakes. D. It only works with expensive tools. 34. Why does the engineer say, “We want AI to be a friend, not something only rich people can use”? A. To explain why R1 is free. B. To compare R1 with Meta’s AI. C. To encourage students to study math. D. To show that expensive AI models have no value. 35. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain how computer chips work. B. To introduce a low-cost AI model from China. C. To encourage students to become programmers. D. To compare Chinese and American AI technologies. E The metaverse (元宇宙) has been a hot topic of conversation recently. The word “Metaverse” comes from a science fiction novel Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson in 1992. It refers to a 3D virtual reality (虚拟世界). In this world, we have digital versions of ourselves which are called avatars. The best way to visit the metaverse is through VR headsets. Visiting the metaverse is like playing a game World of Warcraft (魔兽世界), where we can choose our own avatars. In the metaverse we can do almost everything such as getting together with friends, learning and playing. The value to our lives could be big. In the metaverse learning process becomes much easier and more interesting. Wearing a VR headset is different from watching a movie. The difference is what scientists call “embodied cognition.” That is, we learn by doing instead of watching, reading or listening. For a lot of the most important learning events in our lives, we actually do something—we walk somewhere or feel something. Similarly, in the metaverse we learn by having such an experience. James is a professional basketball player in America. He is on a two-week training program in the metaverse. Every day after he wakes up, he puts on his VR headset to go over his plays and practice in the metaverse. It’s like he’s actually on the sports field. But he is just in his living room, getting practice. “In this way, I improve my basketball skills faster.” says James. Can you imagine how metaverse technologies help people deal with environmental problems in our real world? One example is a scientific test on the island of Ischia, in Italy. Carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) is destroying its ocean plants and animals. In the real world, we can’t bring people all over the world to Ischia to show how worse the situation is. To solve this problem, we produce a seven-minute Ischia journey in the metaverse. Now with VR headsets on, we bring Ischia to people. People see for themselves, study on environmental changes and learn to predict what all the oceans on the earth will be like in the future. Maria is a volunteer to experience the metaverse. After spending 24 hours “living” in the metaverse, she felt very tired. Her eyes and head hurt a lot the moment she took off the VR headset. For her, such a “virtual” experience is less meaningful than a “real” one. In fact, the metaverse is a tool, like any other media (媒介) such as Wechat, TikTok and Bilibili. It will surely make a difference to how we receive information, which is a big jump in the history of media. ________. Wherever we are, in the real world or in the metaverse, we will continue to be the same humans. To be or not to be, that’s not a question for the metaverse. It’s already on the way. 36. ________ is an example of embodied cognition. A. Doing English homework B. Reading the novel Snow Crash C. Watching a movie Kung Fu Panda D. Listening to Abing’s Erquan Yingyue 37. The main purpose of the seven-minute Ischia journey is to ________. A. provide a new way of saving people near Ischia B. picture how the ocean environment looked in the past C. show how oceans are being destroyed by carbon dioxide D. explain how pollution from Ischia is destroying other areas 38. Which of the following sentences can be put in the ________? A. Other media will still be important B. But many people in the world will not like it C. It will take several years to change people’s lives D. But this huge change will not change who we are 39. The structure of the passage may be ________. A. B. C. D. Ⅱ卷（共31分） V. 任务型阅读。（46-48题，每小题2分，49题4分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。 French President (总统) shared tea with his host, Chinese President Xi Jinping, in Guangdong Province on April 7, 2023. The sharing of tea between the two leaders caught the world’s eyes. Nowadays, tea is the world’s most popular drink after water. How can a simple cup of tea be loved by so many people? The answer lies in tea drinkers around the world. In China, tea culture can be seen when drinkers make a cup of tea. Setting the table, making the tea and serving it are all included if you are true lovers of tea. In all, it at least takes about half an hour. Though it takes time, drinkers can enjoy a slower life. Another tea drinking country is England. In England, the late afternoon is “teatime”. Almost everyone has a cup of tea then. Friends usually sit together and make tea in a teapot and drink it with milk and sugar. They also eat cakes, cookies and little sandwiches at teatime. When enjoying the teatime, friends will have a deeper understanding of each other. In the United States, people drink tea mostly for breakfast or after meals. Americans usually use tea bags to make their tea. Tea bags are faster and easier than making tea in teapots. What’s more, it’s much healthier than coffee. That’s why more and more Americans choose to drink tea. Tea is much more than just a hot drink. It plays a leading role in many cultures. There is something for everyone in tea-drinking. To celebrate this popular drink, the United Nations recently made May 21st International Tea Day. 40. Is tea the most popular drink after water in the world? ___________________________________________ 41. When is the International Tea Day? ___________________________________________ 42. Why do people love drinking tea according to this passage? ___________________________________________ 43. When do you usually drink tea? What role do you think tea plays in your life? Please explain. (30-40 words) ___________________________________________ Ⅵ.根据句意和首字母写出单词，或用所给单词的正确形式填空。（每小题1分，共8分） 44. ________ (Improve) your physical health, you need to exercise for at least half an hour every day. 45. —Can you help me to do the dishes? —Sorry, Michael. I’m not a________ now. 46. Jane thought the math test was easy, but I d________ with her because I found many questions difficult. 47. It was raining even ________ (heavy) when I was on my way home. 48. She has a t________, so she needs to see a dentist. 49. After the car accident, Robert became ________ (disable) and lost his job. 50. She did six months’ hard ________ (train) before the race. 51. To my ________ (surprised), she finished her work on time. Ⅶ. 完成句子。（58-61题，每空1分；62-63题，每题2分，共13分） 52. I will tell you something interesting about my vacation. (变否定句) I ________ ________ you anything interesting about my vacation. 53. He wrote down his personal information on his notebook. (改为一般疑问句) _________ he _________ down his personal information on his notebook? 54. 我一读完《小妇人》，就会把它归还图书馆。 I will return Little Women to the library ________ ________ ________ I finish reading it. 55. What’s wrong with Jim? (同义句转换) What’s ________ ________ with Jim? 56. you please, take, the, out, rubbish, could (连词成句) ________________________________________? 57. help, up, I’ll, to, clean, the, parks, city. (连词成句) ________________________________________. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 英语试题 第Ⅰ卷（共69分） Ⅰ. 听力测试。（每空1.5分，共9分） 短文理解填空。短文念两遍， 听短文，填写单词完成表格，填写6个单词，单词需填到答题卡相应位置。 1 Features（特点） The sit-down restaurant ◆It has comfortable seats. ◆It has great 2 ◆You can sometimes have some drinks for 3 The drive-through restaurant ◆It’s good for the busy people. ◆The waiter or waitress brings the food to your car very 4 The fast food restaurant ◆It’s good for the busy people. ◆It’s usually 5 . ◆It has 6 waiting time than that of the drive-through restaurant. Ⅱ.语法选择（每小题1分，共10分） There are many problems when I study in the Czech Republic (捷克共和国). Its official language is not English, so ____1____ first big problem is language. Many Czech people can’t speak English. I have to learn Czech. It is very difficult for me because ____2____ are many rules for grammar. In the beginning, I ____3____ understand them at all. However, little by little, I remembered the rules and learned ____4____ to speak Czech. From this experience, I learned that you need to like a language first, and then you could improve ____5____ If you live ____6____ a host family like me, there may be the second problem. You might argue (争论) with them, or you might-not understand their rules at home. For example, my host family didn’t want me ____7____ up late at weekends, so I tried to get up as early as possible. The best way to get along with the host family is to talk with them ____8____ often. You can tell them what happened at school every day. Also, if you are ready to help them clean the house or cook, they ____9____ very happy. The last problem is making friends. At school, I was often ignored (被忽略) when many of my classmates got together and discussed with each other. Sometimes, I felt really lonely (孤单的). However, I _____10_____ to talk to everyone I met and went out with them at weekends. Now, I have many good friends. 1. A. I B. my C. me 2. A. there B. these C. those 3. A. can’t B. could C. couldn’t 4. A. how B. what C. when 5. A. quick B. quicker C. quickly 6. A. with B. in C. for 7. A. get B. getting C. to get 8. A. much B. more C. most 9. A. are B. were C. will be 10. A. try B. tried C. tries 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在捷克共和国留学时遇到的一些问题和挑战，以及他是如何克服这些问题的。 【1题详解】 句意：它的官方语言不是英语，所以我遇到的第一个大问题是语言。 I我，主格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；me我，宾格。根据“Its official language is not English, so...first big problem is language.”可知，此处需要形容词性物主代词来修饰名词first big problem。故选B。 【2题详解】 句意：这对我来说很难，因为语法有很多规则。 there那里；these这些；those那些。根据“It is very difficult for me because... are many rules for grammar.”可知，此处是there be句型。故选A。 【3题详解】 句意：一开始，我完全不理解它们。 can’t不能；could能够，过去式，也表示委婉语气；couldn’t不能，过去式。根据“In the beginning, I...understand them at all.”可知，not at all “一点也不”， couldn’t表示“不能”，一般过去时态的否定形式。故选C。 【4题详解】 句意：然而，渐渐地，我记住了这些规则，并学会了如何说捷克语。 how如何；what什么；when何时。根据“However, little by little, I remembered the rules and learned... to speak Czech.”可知，此处需要表示“如何”，how to do sth.“如何做某事”。故选A。 【5题详解】 句意：从这次经历中，我了解到你首先需要喜欢一门语言，然后你就能快速地提高。 quick快的，形容词；quicker更快的，形容词比较级；quickly快速地，副词。根据“From this experience, I learned that you need to like a language first, and then you could improve...”可知，此处需要副词来修饰动词improve。故选C。 【6题详解】 句意：如果你像我一样和一个寄宿家庭住在一起，可能会有第二个问题。 with和……一起；in在……里；for为了。根据“If you live... a host family like me, there may be the second problem.”可知，live with“和……住在一起”。故选A。 【7题详解】 句意：例如，我的寄宿家庭不希望我周末起得太晚，所以我尽可能的尝试着早起。 get得到，动词原形；getting得到，现在分词；to get得到，动词不定式。根据“For example, my host family didn’t want me...up late at weekends, so I tried to get up as early as possible.”可知，此处需要不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 【8题详解】 句意：和寄宿家庭相处的最好方法是更频繁地和他们交谈。 much很多，修饰不可数名词；more更多，比较级；most最多，最高级。根据“The best way to get along with the host family is to talk with them... often.”可知，此处需要比较级more来表示“更频繁地”。故选B。 【9题详解】 句意：另外，如果你准备帮助他们打扫房间或做饭，他们会非常高兴。 are是，现在时复数；were是，过去时复数；will be将会是，将来时。根据“Also, if you are ready to help them clean the house or cook, they... very happy.”可知，主语是they，be动词用复数形式are。故选A。 【10题详解】 句意：然而，我试着和遇到的每个人交谈，并在周末和他们一起出去。 try尝试，动词原形；tried尝试，过去式；tries尝试，动词单三形式。根据“However, I...to talk to everyone I met and went out with them at weekends.”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，此处应用动词的一般过去式。故选B。 Ⅲ. 完形填空。（每小题1.5分，共15分） When I was in primary school, I got into a big argument (争吵) with a boy in my class. I have forgotten what the argument was about, but I have never forgotten the ____11____ I learned that day. I was sure that I was right and he was wrong, but he was certain that I was wrong and he was right. Our teacher decided to ____12____ us a very important lesson. She brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on ____13____ . In the middle of her desk was a large, round object (物体). I could obviously see that it was black. She asked the boy what ____14____ the object was.“ ____15____ ,” he answered. I couldn’t believe he said the object was white, when it was ____16____ black! Another argument started between us, this time about the color of the object. The teacher told me to go stand ____17____ the boy was standing. We changed places, and then she asked me what color the object was. I had to answer,“ White.” It was an object with two ____18____ colored sides, and from his viewpoint it was white. Only from my side was it black. Sometimes we need to ____19____ things from the other person’s view in order to truly ____20____ them. 11. A. course B. class C. lesson D. motto 12. A. promise B. teach C. learn D. have 13. A. others B. another C. other D. the other 14. A. meaning B. shape C. color D. sound 15. A. Colorful B. Black C. White D. Green 16. A. almost B. clearly C. usually D. suddenly 17. A. when B. how C. why D. where 18. A. quickly B. truly C. sharply D. differently 19. A. look at B. look for C. look up D. look down 20. A. find B. own C. understand D. correct 【答案】11. C 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者上小学时与同学争执，分不清谁对谁错时老师给了他们印象深刻一课。 【11题详解】 句意：我忘记了争论的内容，但我从未忘记那天学到的教训。 course课程；class班级；lesson课，经验；motto座右铭。根据文中“I have forgotten what the argument was about, but I have never forgotten the…I learned that day.”及下文可知，此处指的是作者在这次争吵中学到了深刻的一课。lesson“课”，符合语境。故选C。 【12题详解】 句意：我们的老师决定给我们上一堂非常重要的课。 promise承诺；teach教；learn学习；have有。根据文中“Our teacher decided to…us a very important lesson.”及下文可知，此处指是我们的老师教了我们一课，teach“教”，符合语境。故选B。 【13题详解】 句意：她把我们带到教室前面，把他放在桌子的一边，我放在另一边。 others其他；another另一个（三者及以上）；other其他；the other两者中的另一个。根据文中“he brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on…”可知，此处指的是老师把作者放在了她的桌子的另一边，两边中的另一边。故选D。 【14题详解】 句意：她问男孩这个物体是什么颜色的。 meaning意思；shape形状；color颜色；sound声音。根据文中“She asked the boy what…the object was.”及下文中“I couldn’t believe he said the object was white”可知，此处指的是教师询问物体的颜色。color“颜色”，符合语境。故选C。 【15题详解】 句意：“白色，”他回答。 Colorful丰富多彩的；Black黑色的；White白色的；Green绿色的。根据文中“I couldn’t believe he said the object was white, when it was…black! ”可知，这个男孩回答物品的颜色是白色。white“白色的”，符合语境。故选C。 【16题详解】 句意：我简直不敢相信，他说这个物体是白色的，而它显然是黑色的！ almost几乎；clearly明显地；usually通常；suddenly突然地。根据文中“I couldn’t believe he said the object was white, when it was…black! Another argument started between us, this time about the color of the object.”可知，此处指的是作者看到物品的颜色很明显是黑色的。clearly“明显地”，符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 句意：老师让我站在那个男孩站的地方。 when当时；how如何；why为什么；where哪里。根据文中“The teacher told me to go stand…the boy was standing. We changed places, and then she asked me what color the object was.”可知，此处指的是老师让我们交换了位置，作者到了刚才男孩站的地方。where“哪里”，符合语境。故选D。 18题详解】 句意：这是一个有两个不同颜色侧面的物体，在他看来，它是白色的。 quickly快速地；truly真正地；sharply锋利地；differently不同地。根据文中“It was an object with two…colored sides, and from his viewpoint it was white. Only from my side was it black.”可知，此处指的是老师让我们看的物品有两个不同颜色的侧面。differently“不同地”，符合语境。故选D。 【19题详解】 句意：有时，我们需要从他人的角度看待事物，才能真正理解它们。 look at看待；look for寻找；look up查找；look down往下看。根据文中“Sometimes we need to…things from the other person’s view in order to truly…them.”可知，此处指的是老师教会我们需要从别人的角度看待问题。look at“看待”，符合语境。故选A。 【20题详解】 句意：有时，我们需要从他人的角度看待事物，才能真正理解它们。 find发现；own拥有；understand理解；correct纠正。根据文中“Sometimes we need to…things from the other person’s view in order to truly…them.”可知，此处指的是我们要真正理解事物的本质是需要从他人的角度看待问题。understand“理解”，符合语境。故选C。 Ⅳ. 阅读理解。（27-29题，每小题1分，30-45题，每小题2分，共35分） A City walk is a popular activity. People walk around the city to find interesting places, learn about local culture and enjoy the city life while walking. Top 5 popular cities in China for city walking of 2024 1st: Shanghai 2nd: Beijing 3rd: Xiamen 4th: Qingdao 5th: Chongqing Ages of the people who like city walk best 16-18: 2% 19-33: 69% (24-28: 28%) over 34: 27% The 3 most beautiful city walk routes (路线) in Chongqing •Grand Theatre—Jiangbei City Park-Science and Technology Museum—Liujia Wharf (码头) •Ciqikou Ancient Town—Back Street—New Lane (巷)—Theatre in 1949 •E’ling Park—Mountain City Trails (步道)—Dongshuimen Bridge—Chaotianmen Wharf 21. Which is the fifth most popular city for city walking in China according to this text? A. Beijing. B. Shanghai. C. Qingdao. D. Chongqing. 22. More than half of the city walkers are________ years old. A. 16-18 B. 19-33 C. 24-28 D. 34-50 23. In which part of the magazine can we read this text? A. Travel. B. Art. C. Science. D. History. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文是一篇关于城市漫步的调查报告，介绍了城市漫步最受欢迎的城市和城市漫步者的人群和年龄。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Top 5 popular cities in China for city walking of 2024 1st: Shanghai；2nd: Beijing；3rd: Xiamen；4th: Qingdao；5th: Chongqing”可知，中国第五个最受欢迎的城市的城市漫步是重庆。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Ages of the people who like city walk best 16—18: 2%；19-33: 69% (24-28: 28%)；over 34: 27%”可知，超过一半的城市漫步者是19-33岁。故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据“City walk is a popular activity. People walk around the city to find interesting places, learn about local culture and enjoy the city life while walking.”可知，我们在杂志的旅游部分读到这篇文章。故选A。 B Do you still remember the following poems (诗歌)? Every time I read or hear them, they take me back to the sweet old days. Hush (安静) now, my little one. Hush now, my sunshine. Hush now, piece of my heart. Go to sleep, my little one. Go to sleep, my love. Go to sleep, piece of my heart. Sleep, my little one, When I sing to you. Sleep, my little one, Who is already asleep My mama feeds me, And washes my fur (皮毛). The first thing I see every morning is her. The last thing I kiss every night is her face My mama is the very best one, And sings like a bird, And knows how I feel, When I don’t say a word. My mama is warm. I can set the table. I can sweep (打扫) the floor. I can wash my clothes. And count to (数到) forty-four. I can wash dishes. And clean my bedroom. There is so much I can do. Now ask you! 24. The first poem is sung to ________. A. cousins B. friends C. babies D. teachers 25. In the second poem, the last thing I kiss every night is ________. A. the fur B. a bird C. mom’s bed D. mom’s face 26. What do you think of “mama” in the second poem? A. Shy. B. Understanding. C. Lucky. D. Serious. 27. The three poems are mainly about ________. A. food and health B. family and love C. animals and humans D. hobbies and sports 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了三首诗歌。主要以家庭与爱为主题。诗歌通过三个不同的场景，分别表达了对孩子的关爱、对母亲的感激以及孩子力所能及的家务事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一首诗歌中的句子“Hush now, my little one.”和“Go to sleep, my little one. Sleep, my little one, When I sing to you.”可知，这首诗是唱给婴儿听的。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二首诗歌中的句子“The last thing I kiss every night is her face”可知，可知，每晚“我”最后亲吻的是妈妈的脸。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二首诗歌中的句子“And knows how I feel, When I don’t say a word.”可知，即使我不说一句话，她也知道我的感受。由此可以推断，妈妈非常理解孩子。故选B。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，三首诗歌分别表达了对孩子的关爱、对母亲的感激以及孩子力所能及的家务事，整体围绕家庭与爱的主题展开。故选B。 C On January 28, 2025, a special performance called YangBOT amazed audiences at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala, China’s most-watched TV show. Directed by the famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou, the show mixed traditional Chinese yangko dance with modern robot technology. In the performance, humanoid robots (robots shaped like humans) dressed in colorful costumes danced yangko, a joyful folk dance from northern China often seen during festivals. They spun (旋转) handkerchiefs and made creative group patterns. These robots were developed by Unitree, a Chinese robotics company. This was not Unitree’s first success—in 2021, their robot cows named “Ben Ben” danced as backup for singer Andy Lau. The robots learned dance moves through AI and used laser navigation to move safely on the uneven (不平坦的) stage. Their strong joints (关节) (like knees with 360N·m power) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. Zhang Yimou explained, “This dance isn’t just fun—it shows how technology can bring new life to traditions.” Thanks to these innovations, the robots won the hearts of millions. On social media, topics like “Robot Yangko” trended quickly. Young viewers called it “cool”, while older audiences loved its humor and festive spirit. The YangBOT program is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride. As one fan said, “It’s like watching the past and future dance together!” 28. What was special about the performance at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala? A. It was directed by a foreign filmmaker. B. Only human dancers performed yangko. C. It was the first time robots appeared on the Gala. D. It combined traditional dance with robot technology. 29. How did the robots learn dance moves? A. By watching dance videos. B. By following human dancers. C. Through AI and laser navigation. D. With the help of traditional yangko dancers. 30. From the passage, we can infer that ________. A. traditional yangko dance will disappear in the future B. robots will replace human dancers in all performances C. more shows combining technology and culture will appear D. Unitree will develop new robots for the future Spring Festival Gala 31. What is the best title of the passage? A. YangBOT: Tradition Meets Technology B. Spring Festival Gala: YangBOT’s Big Debut C. Unitree Robots: Dancing Their Way to Fame D. YangBOT: A Breakthrough in Robotics Technology 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了在2025年中央电视台春节联欢晚会上，由著名导演张艺谋执导的一场名为“YangBOT”的特别表演。这场表演将中国传统秧歌舞与现代机器人技术相结合，展示了科技如何为传统文化注入新的活力。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“the show mixed traditional Chinese yangko dance with modern robot technology”可知，这场表演将中国传统秧歌舞与现代机器人技术相结合。故选D。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The robots learned dance moves through AI and used laser navigation to move safely on the uneven stage”可知，机器人通过人工智能学习舞蹈动作，并使用激光导航在不平坦的舞台上安全移动。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The YangBOT program is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride”以及全文内容可以推断，未来会有更多结合科技与文化的表演出现。故选C。 【31题详解】 最佳标题题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“the show mixed traditional Chinese yangko dance with modern robot technology”和最后一段“The YangBOT program is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride”可知，文章主要通过介绍“YangBOT”表演，讲述了传统秧歌舞与机器人技术的结合，“YangBOT: 传统遇上科技”可作为最佳标题。故选A。 D January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1. This smart program can solve math problems, write code, and answer questions like top models such as Open AI’s GPT-40, but it costs much less to build. The team spent only $5.58 million（1/70 of Open AI’s cost）and used 2,048 computer chips for two months. This shows that good ideas can beat big money. DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice maths. Other AIs need lots of prepared examples, but R1 improves by itself. For example, in a global math test, it got 79.8% right, slightly higher than Open AI’s model. A simple version of R1 can even run on low-cost computers, helping schools and small companies. DeepSeek-R1 is free to use and change. On its first day online, over 19,000 programmers worldwide started projects to study it. A German scientist said experiments with RI cost $10 instead of $300 with other AIs. Even Meta（a famous U. S. tech company）top scientist said, “This kind of free AI could change the world.” US tech companies are worried. Meta plans to spend $65 billion more on AI research. Experts say China is catching up fast. A report in Nature magazine called R1 a “big step forward”, proving that smart ideas beat expensive tools. As a DeepSeek engineer said, “We want AI to be a friend, not something only rich people can use.” With R1, China shows the world that great things come from new ideas and hard work, not just money. 32. The passage is mainly developed by ________. A. providing examples B. listing numbers C. following the order of time D. comparing R1 with other AIs 33. What do the underlined words mean in paragraph 2? A. It becomes better through practice. B. It copies answers from other AIs. C. It needs programmers to fix mistakes. D. It only works with expensive tools. 34. Why does the engineer say, “We want AI to be a friend, not something only rich people can use”? A. To explain why R1 is free. B. To compare R1 with Meta’s AI. C. To encourage students to study math. D. To show that expensive AI models have no value. 35. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain how computer chips work. B. To introduce a low-cost AI model from China. C. To encourage students to become programmers. D. To compare Chinese and American AI technologies. 【答案】32. D 33. A 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文通过对比和举例，介绍了DeepSeek-R1这一低成本、高性能的AI模型，并强调了其在全球AI领域的重要性和创新意义。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，DeepSeek-R1该模型能以较低的成本完成与顶级模型相似的任务，它通过自我学习和实践来提高性能，与其他大量预设示例的AI不同。DeepSeek-R1的免费使用和修改政策使其在全球范围内受到关注。可见，文章主要是通过比较DeepSeek-R1与其他AI来展开。故选D。 【33题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段“DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice maths.”可知，DeepSeek-R1能够像学生练习数学一样不断尝试并改进，说明它能通过自身练习来变得更好。故选A。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据“We want AI to be a friend, not something only rich people can use.”可知，工程师说“我们希望AI成为一个朋友，而不仅仅是富人可以使用的东西”，由此可以推测，这样说是为了解释为什么AI是免费的。故选A。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-RI. This smart program can solve math problems, write code, and answer questions like top models such as Open AI’s GPT-40, but it costs much less to build.”及全文可知，本文主要是为了介绍中国公司DeepSeek研发的低成本AI模型DeepSeek-R1。该模型能以较低的成本完成与顶级模型相似的任务，它通过自我学习和实践来提高性能，还介绍了DeepSeek-R1的免费使用和修改政策。故选B。 E The metaverse (元宇宙) has been a hot topic of conversation recently. The word “Metaverse” comes from a science fiction novel Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson in 1992. It refers to a 3D virtual reality (虚拟世界). In this world, we have digital versions of ourselves which are called avatars. The best way to visit the metaverse is through VR headsets. Visiting the metaverse is like playing a game World of Warcraft (魔兽世界), where we can choose our own avatars. In the metaverse we can do almost everything such as getting together with friends, learning and playing. The value to our lives could be big. In the metaverse learning process becomes much easier and more interesting. Wearing a VR headset is different from watching a movie. The difference is what scientists call “embodied cognition.” That is, we learn by doing instead of watching, reading or listening. For a lot of the most important learning events in our lives, we actually do something—we walk somewhere or feel something. Similarly, in the metaverse we learn by having such an experience. James is a professional basketball player in America. He is on a two-week training program in the metaverse. Every day after he wakes up, he puts on his VR headset to go over his plays and practice in the metaverse. It’s like he’s actually on the sports field. But he is just in his living room, getting practice. “In this way, I improve my basketball skills faster.” says James. Can you imagine how metaverse technologies help people deal with environmental problems in our real world? One example is a scientific test on the island of Ischia, in Italy. Carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) is destroying its ocean plants and animals. In the real world, we can’t bring people all over the world to Ischia to show how worse the situation is. To solve this problem, we produce a seven-minute Ischia journey in the metaverse. Now with VR headsets on, we bring Ischia to people. People see for themselves, study on environmental changes and learn to predict what all the oceans on the earth will be like in the future. Maria is a volunteer to experience the metaverse. After spending 24 hours “living” in the metaverse, she felt very tired. Her eyes and head hurt a lot the moment she took off the VR headset. For her, such a “virtual” experience is less meaningful than a “real” one. In fact, the metaverse is a tool, like any other media (媒介) such as Wechat, TikTok and Bilibili. It will surely make a difference to how we receive information, which is a big jump in the history of media. ________. Wherever we are, in the real world or in the metaverse, we will continue to be the same humans. To be or not to be, that’s not a question for the metaverse. It’s already on the way. 36. ________ is an example of embodied cognition. A. Doing English homework B. Reading the novel Snow Crash C. Watching a movie Kung Fu Panda D. Listening to Abing’s Erquan Yingyue 37. The main purpose of the seven-minute Ischia journey is to ________. A. provide a new way of saving people near Ischia B. picture how the ocean environment looked in the past C. show how oceans are being destroyed by carbon dioxide D. explain how pollution from Ischia is destroying other areas 38. Which of the following sentences can be put in the ________? A. Other media will still be important B. But many people in the world will not like it C. It will take several years to change people’s lives D. But this huge change will not change who we are 39. The structure of the passage may be ________. A. B. C. D. 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了元宇宙的相关知识。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The difference is what scientists call ‘embodied cognition.’ That is, we learn by doing instead of watching, reading or listening”（区别就在于科学家所说的“具身认知”。也就是说，我们通过做而不是看、读或听来学习）可知A选项“做英语作业”属于“具身认知”。故选A。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据“One example is a scientific test on the island of Ischia, in Italy. Carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) is destroying its ocean plants and animals.”（其中一个例子是在意大利伊斯基亚岛进行的科学测试。二氧化碳正在破坏海洋动植物。）以及“In the real world, we can’t bring people all over the world to Ischia to show how worse the situation is. To solve this problem, we produce a seven-minute Ischia journey in the metaverse.”（在现实世界中，我们不能把全世界的人都带到伊斯基亚来展示那里的情况有多糟糕。为了解决这个问题，我们在元宇宙中制作了一个七分钟的伊斯基亚之旅。）可知七分钟的伊斯基亚之旅的主要目的是展示海洋是如何被二氧化碳破坏的。故选C。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据“In fact, the metaverse is a tool, like any other media (媒介) such as Wechat, TikTok and Bilibili. It will surely make a difference to how we receive information, which is a big jump in the history of media”（事实上，元宇宙是一种工具，就像微信、抖音和Bilibili等其他媒体一样。它肯定会改变我们接收信息的方式，这是媒体史上的一次大飞跃）可知D选项“但这个巨大的变化不会改变我们的本性”符合语境， 故选D。 【39题详解】 篇章结构题。第一段是引进“元宇宙”一词，总领全文；第二段是简单介绍元宇宙的用途；第三段是介绍在元宇宙中，学习过程变得更加容易和有趣；第四、五、六段承接第三段，举例说明在元宇宙中，我们通过拥有这样的经验是如何学习的；第七段介绍元宇宙会改变我们接收信息的方式，但是不会改变我们的本性。所以D选项符合，故选D。 Ⅱ卷（共31分） V. 任务型阅读。（46-48题，每小题2分，49题4分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。 French President (总统) shared tea with his host, Chinese President Xi Jinping, in Guangdong Province on April 7, 2023. The sharing of tea between the two leaders caught the world’s eyes. Nowadays, tea is the world’s most popular drink after water. How can a simple cup of tea be loved by so many people? The answer lies in tea drinkers around the world. In China, tea culture can be seen when drinkers make a cup of tea. Setting the table, making the tea and serving it are all included if you are true lovers of tea. In all, it at least takes about half an hour. Though it takes time, drinkers can enjoy a slower life. Another tea drinking country is England. In England, the late afternoon is “teatime”. Almost everyone has a cup of tea then. Friends usually sit together and make tea in a teapot and drink it with milk and sugar. They also eat cakes, cookies and little sandwiches at teatime. When enjoying the teatime, friends will have a deeper understanding of each other. In the United States, people drink tea mostly for breakfast or after meals. Americans usually use tea bags to make their tea. Tea bags are faster and easier than making tea in teapots. What’s more, it’s much healthier than coffee. That’s why more and more Americans choose to drink tea. Tea is much more than just a hot drink. It plays a leading role in many cultures. There is something for everyone in tea-drinking. To celebrate this popular drink, the United Nations recently made May 21st International Tea Day. 40. Is tea the most popular drink after water in the world? ___________________________________________ 41. When is the International Tea Day? ___________________________________________ 42. Why do people love drinking tea according to this passage? ___________________________________________ 43. When do you usually drink tea? What role do you think tea plays in your life? Please explain. (30-40 words) ___________________________________________ 【答案】40. Yes, it is. 41. May 21st. 42. Because it is healthy, allows people to enjoy a slower life, and helps friends understand each other better. 43. I usually drink tea in the morning. Tea plays an important role in my life, helping me start the day with a clear mind. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了茶在世界各地的流行及其在不同文化中的重要性。 【40题详解】 根据文章第一段“Nowadays, tea is the world’s most popular drink after water.”可知，如今茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料，仅次于水。故填Yes, it is. 【41题详解】 根据文章最后一段“To celebrate this popular drink, the United Nations recently made May 21st International Tea Day.”可知，为了庆祝这种受欢迎的饮料，联合国最近将5月21日定为国际茶日。故填May 21st. 【42题详解】 根据文章第二段“Though it takes time, drinkers can enjoy a slower life.”可知，虽然需要时间，但饮茶者可以享受更慢的生活。根据第三段“When enjoying the teatime, friends will have a deeper understanding of each other.”可知，在享受下午茶时，朋友们会加深彼此的了解。以及根据第四段“What’s more, it’s much healthier than coffee.”可知，茶比咖啡更健康。故填Because it is healthy, allows people to enjoy a slower life, and helps friends understand each other better. 【43题详解】 本题答案不唯一，言之有理即可。故填I usually drink tea in the morning. Tea plays an important role in my life, helping me start the day with a clear mind. Ⅵ.根据句意和首字母写出单词，或用所给单词的正确形式填空。（每小题1分，共8分） 44. ________ (Improve) your physical health, you need to exercise for at least half an hour every day. 【答案】To improve 【解析】 【详解】句意：为了改善你的身体健康，你需要每天至少锻炼半小时。根据“...your physical health, you need to exercise for at least half an hour every day.”可知，每天锻炼的目的是改善健康。用不定式表示目的，故填To improve。 45. —Can you help me to do the dishes? —Sorry, Michael. I’m not a________ now. 【答案】(a)vailable 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你能帮我洗碗吗？——对不起，Michael。我现在没有空。根据“Sorry, Michael. I’m not ... now.”和首字母可知，此处表示没有空帮Michael洗碗，available“有空的”，故填(a)vailable。 46. Jane thought the math test was easy, but I d________ with her because I found many questions difficult. 【答案】(d)isagreed 【解析】 【详解】句意：简认为数学考试很简单，但我不同意她的看法，因为我发现许多问题很难。根据“Jane thought the math test was easy”和“because I found many questions difficult”可知，此处是指不同意简的看法，disagree with sb.“不同意某人的看法”；结合“thought”可知时态为一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式。故填(d)isagreed。 47. It was raining even ________ (heavy) when I was on my way home. 【答案】more heavily 【解析】 【详解】句意：我在回家的路上，雨下得更大了。heavy“沉重的”，形容词。分析题干和提示词可知，空处应用heavy的副词形式heavily“沉重地”修饰动词raining；结合语境可知，此处暗含比较之意，且even常用于修饰比较级，所以空处应填heavily的比较级，故填more heavily。 48. She has a t________, so she needs to see a dentist. 【答案】(t)oothache 【解析】 【详解】句意：她牙疼，所以她需要去看牙医。根据后半句“so she needs to see a dentist”可知，她需要去看牙医，可以推断出她可能患有牙疼。toothache“牙疼”。故填(t)oothache。 49. After the car accident, Robert became ________ (disable) and lost his job. 【答案】disabled 【解析】 【详解】句意：发生车祸后，罗伯特残疾了并失去了工作。根据题意和提示词可知，此处应用disable的形容词形式作定语，即disabled，表示成为了残疾。故填disabled。 50. She did six months’ hard ________ (train) before the race. 【答案】training 【解析】 【详解】句意：她在比赛前进行了六个月的艰苦训练。train“训练”，动词。空前的hard是形容词，其后修饰名词，所以空处应填不可数名词training“训练”。故填training。 51. To my ________ (surprised), she finished her work on time. 【答案】surprise 【解析】 【详解】句意：令我惊讶的是，她准时完成了她的工作。to one’s surprise “令某人惊讶的是”。故填surprise。 Ⅶ. 完成句子。（58-61题，每空1分；62-63题，每题2分，共13分） 52. I will tell you something interesting about my vacation. (变否定句) I ________ ________ you anything interesting about my vacation. 【答案】 ①. won’t ②. tell 【解析】 【详解】句意：我会告诉你一些关于我假期的趣事。will是助动词，否定句中变为won’t，后加动词原形。故填won’t；tell。 53. He wrote down his personal information on his notebook. (改为一般疑问句) _________ he _________ down his personal information on his notebook? 【答案】 ①. Did ②. write 【解析】 【详解】句意：他在笔记本上写下了自己的个人信息。原句是一般过去时，改为一般疑问句，需要借助助动词did，放句首，后面的动词用原形。故填Did；write。 54. 我一读完《小妇人》，就会把它归还图书馆。 I will return Little Women to the library ________ ________ ________ I finish reading it. 【答案】 ①. as ②. soon ③. as 【解析】 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处应填“一……就……”，其英文表达为as soon as，引导时间状语从句。故填as；soon；as。 55. What’s wrong with Jim? (同义句转换) What’s ________ ________ with Jim? 【答案】 ①. the ②. matter 【解析】 【详解】句意：吉姆怎么了？本题询问吉姆出了什么问题或有什么不对劲的地方，在英语中，询问某人或某事的情况时，常用的结构是“What’s the matter with...”或者“What’s wrong with...”，这两个句子在意义上相同。故填the；matter。 56. you, please, take, the, out, rubbish, could (连词成句) ________________________________________? 【答案】Could you please take out the rubbish 【解析】 【详解】根据所给词和标点可知，此句是一般疑问句，Could you please...?表示请求，后接动词原形，take out表示“拿出去”；rubbish“垃圾”，名词前用冠词the修饰。故填Could you please take out the rubbish“请你把垃圾拿出去好吗”。 57. help, up, I’ll, to, clean, the, parks, city. (连词成句) ________________________________________. 【答案】I’ll help to clean up the city parks 【解析】 【详解】根据所给标点和单词可知，本句是一个陈述句。时态是一般将来时。I作主语，I’ll“我将会”，help是谓语动词，help to do sth“帮助做某事”，to clean up作help的宾语，the city parks作clean up的宾语。故填I’ll help to clean up the city parks“我将帮助清理城市公园”。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$