专题-S713 选修四 Unit 1 Science Fiction 完形填空【题型易-考试题型精练】高二下(选择性必修四)英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（人教版2019）

专题-S713完形填空 人教版选择性必修四 题型特训 Unit 1 Science Fiction 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·江西·阶段练习）When realizing the Internet was robbing me of too much time, I decided to have a(n) 1 : doing Tech-Free Sundays. On the night before my no-tech 2 starts, I told everyone who might get in touch with me that I wouldn’t be 3 until 9 pm on Sunday. Did this feel unpleasant? Yes. But it also felt 4 : Everyone uses WeChat or the telephone to 5 others. If I am off the network, it seems my 6 to inform those who might need me. The next day, I turned off my phone. I read. I thought. I used a 7 to make a grocery list on paper. I 8 my dog in the neighborhood, and then, because I had nothing else to do, I took her to the pet shop. “See how 9 I am! I can leave the Internet and live in the real world.” I thought. But by 8 pm, I was 10 the minutes until the experiment ended. For better or worse, my 11 is online, and most of our work can’t leave the Internet. And I was anxious to order a hat online. Then the clock 12 struck 9. Through this 13 , I’ve realized there is so much time when you are disconnected from the Internet. I’ll 14 taking tech-free baby steps: turning off the phone; 15 intentional periods away from my computer; being present in real life. 1. A．change B．declaration C．regulation D．appointment 2. A．assignment B．commitment C．journey D．conflict 3. A．dominant B．sensitive C．reachable D．free 4. A．inconvenient B．necessary C．familiar D．ridiculous 5. A．encourage B．remind C．comfort D．contact 6. A．obligation B．idea C．turn D．response 7. A．phone B．pen C．computer D．recorder 8. A．recalled B．defended C．walked D．delivered 9. A．guilty B．present C．innocent D．sympathetic 10. A．missing out B．falling behind C．escaping from D．counting down 11. A．proof B．life C．ambition D．advantage 12. A．finally B．skillfully C．repeatedly D．actually 13. A．experiment B．discount C．lecture D．conference 14. A．risk B．imagine C．delay D．continue 15. A．exchanging B．detecting C．studying D．spending Passage 2 （2024·广西·模拟预测）The rubber surgical gloves were created about 135 years ago. Believe it or not, this little tool 1 in every doctor’s office and hospital was invented out of 2 . In 1889, Dr. William Halsted was in love with the nurse and eventual wife, Carolyn Hampton. 3 , this invention should be named “rubber gloves of love”. Hospital procedures 4 surgical personnel to wash and disinfect their hands before interacting with patients. Carolyn 5 severe dermatitis (皮炎) due to the use of mercuric chloride (氯化汞) for disinfection. She was almost 6 . Halsted wanted to keep her near him. To protect her 7 , he thought hard and suddenly, something 8 him. He contacted the Goodyear Rubber Company, asking the engineers there to 9 thin rubber gloves for Carolyn. 10 rubber gloves were very different from what we have today, but they proved to be an excellent 11 to the operating room. The gloves were 12 well received. Many other personnel began wearing the gloves. It’s generally 13 that now they have many uses, far beyond their original 14 . For example, hairdressers use them to protect their hands from dyes (染料) and solutions used in their business. Whenever I see gloves anywhere, I couldn’t help but think of this 15 of inventing the “rubber gloves of love”. 1. A．seen B．made C．tested D．collected 2. A．sympathy B．love C．curiosity D．kindness 3. A．Instead B．Besides C．Indeed D．Otherwise 4. A．allow B．cause C．promise D．require 5. A．developed B．discovered C．witnessed D．cured 6. A．succeeding B．graduating C．resigning D．retiring 7. A．achievement B．legs C．courage D．hands 8. A．called on B．occurred to C．came across D．applied to 9. A．check B．clean C．trade D．design 10. A．Original B．New C．Extra D．Regular 11. A．response B．attitude C．sensitivity D．addition 12. A．specifically B．actually C．carefully D．equally 13. A．said B．known C．reported D．announced 14. A．belief B．identity C．purpose D．quality 15. A．story B．record C．work D．memory Passage 3 （23-24高二下·湖南常德·期中）When I imagine my future, I see myself as an adult who is confident in my abilities, doing a job I love and living my life 1 . When I grow up, I will be enjoying more 2 brought by the advances in technology, with more time to pursue my 3 and enjoy the company of my family and friends. For these reasons, I look forward to the future as the happiest time of my life. I will feel happy in the future because I will learn more about life and 4 into the best person I can be. I will become more knowledgeable about the world and myself. I will also handle more responsibilities and 5 problems in a more thoughtful manner. 6 new technology, my future life is sure to improve in various ways. Homes will become 7 to the extent that they might be programmed to learn about our needs and 8 our health and activity. I can imagine hearing an AI voice 9 me to buy groceries or do more exercise! There will also be enormous advancements in 10 options. I will be riding in a self-driving car, and other new means of transport may be developed in the future. These 11 in technology are certain to make my future life more comfortable and convenient. The working day will be only four 12 long thanks to robots. Working less time means I can do 13 I enjoy most, such as spending time with family and friends, 14 in fun activities and learning new skills. Thinking this way gives me the 15 to work hard now so that I can have a successful, fulfilling(令人满足的) and enjoyable future life. 1. A．responsibly B．importantly C．differently D．uncomfortably 2. A．interests B．experience C．convenience D．changes 3. A．habits B．hobbies C．ideas D．chances 4. A．form B．develop C．expect D．decide 5. A．notice B．find C．change D．solve 6. A．Turn to B．Devote to C．Thanks to D．Lead to 7. A．smarter B．worthier C．worse D．cuter 8. A．warn B．ignore C．monitor D．understand 9. A．want B．remind C．ask D．order 10. A．learning B．communication C．work D．transport 11. A．benefits B．advances C．promises D．challenges 12. A．hours B．days C．minutes D．weeks 13. A．that B．it C．which D．what 14. A．enhancing B．entertaining C．engaging D．encountering 15. A．inspiration B．motivation C．appreciation D．impression Passage 4 （23-24高二下·重庆·阶段练习）Whenever photographer Casey Ryan heads into the wilderness, he brings along his drone (无人机) to capture photographs from a bird’s eye view. Having the 1 device with him on a recent trip to the Cascades Mountain Range in Oregon saved his and another person’s 2 . Casey was 3 through the Willamette National Forest when he 4 a stranger whose vehicle was stuck. Casey 5 to help get it out without hesitation. 6 , he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help, leaving both people in 7 with no cell phone service for miles around. Casey immediately assessed the 8 and recalled a movie he’d seen recently in which a character used a drone to lift his phone high enough to capture a 9 in a similar situation, so he 10 his device and got to work. First, he attached his cell phone 11 to his drone. Then, he typed a series of messages to his wife. He told her where he was located in the park, and then launched the drone into the air. Somewhere up there over the tall trees, it 12 a signal and whoosh! All of Casey’s texts were 13 . Rescuers arrived and saved both Casey and the other driver. Who knows, maybe future drones will have built-in 14 features added to it 15 this photographer’s practice. We’d buy a phone drone! 1. A．preserving B．detecting C．repairing D．flying 2. A．lives B．photos C．strength D．money 3. A．searching B．driving C．wandering D．slipping 4. A．rang up B．came across C．got rid of D．lost his temper with 5. A．managed B．pretended C．volunteered D．denied 6. A．Unnaturally B．Generally C．Unfortunately D．Gradually 7. A．peace B．trouble C．charge D．silence 8. A．standard B．damage C．evidence D．situation 9. A．bird B．picture C．signal D．radiation 10. A．put aside B．gave away C．pulled out D．broke up 11. A．securely B．accidentally C．freely D．dramatically 12. A．turned up B．came up C．spoke up D．picked up 13. A．typed B．hidden C．delayed D．sent 14. A．emergency B．camera C．lighting D．identity 15. A．consistent with B．in case of C．thanks to D．depending on Passage 5 （23-24高二下·江西抚州·期末）When searching for a science fair project, many children scratch (挠) their heads. They 1 to find ideas and give up easily. Yet, there are many 2 . Mesk Abdalsalam is one. When 3 her brother’s discomfort as he scratched the dry skin on his elbows, Mesk got 4 from it. Mesk realized that software could be a 5 to her brother and others when a doctor is 6 . Mesk, an upcoming 11th-grade student, was one of the 7 at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair (国际科学与工程大奖赛), where Mesk and others 8 software solutions to challenging problems. Living in Palestine, Mesk recognized it is extremely 9 to get a doctor’s appointment. It took nearly six months for her brother to see a doctor. 10 , those dry areas on his arms turned out to be eczema (湿疹). Motivated by the situation, Mesk took advantage of artificial intelligence to 11 the process. The 16-year-old student designed her innovative software to swiftly 12 skin conditions based on photographs. Her smartphone app, called Derma X, can diagnose diverse skin diseases. She 13 the software using over 50,000 publicly available pictures related to skin diseases. Due to the large database, the result of Derma X is 14 to a great extent. According to Mesk, the app is user-friendly, and it has been 15 by many including a doctor who thought highly of it. Derma X earned Mesk fourth place at he ISEF and a $500 prize. 1. A．offer B．promise C．struggle D．hurry 2. A．examples B．exceptions C．followers D．scientists 3. A．causing B．guessing C．expressing D．observing 4. A．permission B．trust C．support D．inspiration 5. A．helper B．mess C．disaster D．symbol 6. A．impatient B．unavailable C．thoughtless D．unkind 7. A．leaders B．organizers C．competitors D．guards 8. A．presented B．questioned C．replaced D．developed 9. A．expensive B．risky C．difficult D．common 10. A．Doubtfully B．Accidentally C．Instantly. D．Eventually 11. A．take down B．speed up C．stick to. D．watch for 12. A．improve B．control C．determine D．store 13. A．trained B．advertised C．named D．identified 14. A．readable/ B．reliable C．predictable D．changeable 15. A．fixed B．accepted C．guaranteed D．revised 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）Yang Haoran, born into a family of cotton farmers, spent his childhood playing in the cotton fields. He 1 how hard his parents had to work using conventional farming methods, as well as how automation has 2 productivity and saved labor. Having finished university, Yang became a 3 farmer himself. However, unlike his parents, his experience has been very 4 ; he manages over 200,000 square meters of cotton fields and always 5 new ways to improve efficiency through technological 6 . In 2018, he saw the great business 7 of using drones (无人机) in farming and established his own company, which 8 13 drone operators, all of whom are post-90s workers like Yang himself. “We are like a big family, with members from different ethnic groups,” Yang said 9 . In peak growing season, they move their 10 in a skillful way over the fields while in the off-season, they train local farmers to 11 drones. To date, Yang’s team has trained hundreds of local farmers. “This will enable them to 12 new technologies, allowing them to 13 the advances in modern agriculture,” he said. Yang’s 14 does not end there. He has recently taken up a precision (精准) farming project, which uses drones to collect data for spectral analysis (光谱分析), and transmit real-time data on crop growth and soil moisture to the irrigation and fertilizer equipment for precision 15 . 1. A．recalled B．witnessed C．blamed D．assumed 2. A．integrated B．tackled C．generated D．boosted 3. A．cotton B．rice C．wheat D．sorghum 4. A．visible B．different C．complex D．multiple 5. A．transforms B．handles C．seeks D．adjusts 6. A．presentation B．extension C．interaction D．innovation 7. A．concept B．potential C．theory D．framework 8. A．employs B．attains C．entertains D．promotes 9. A．firmly B．willingly C．proudly D．gently 10. A．machines B．drones C．pumps D．switches 11. A．operate B．launch C．display D．update 12. A．resist B．gather C．spread D．acquire 13. A．keep in mind B．be engaged in C．come down with D．keep up with 14. A．dream B．genius C．insight D．theory 15. A．communication B．industry C．agriculture D．tourism Passage 7 （2023·辽宁大连·三模）Twin sisters Hadley and Delaney Robertson were both found to suffer from scoliosis (脊柱侧凸) at age 12. Delaney’s scoliosis required no 1 , but Hadley’s spine curve (脊柱弯曲) was serious. To 2 the rapid progression, she was under the doctor’s 3 to wear a back brace (支架) for 18 hours a day. If Hadley need to 4 take off her brace, she should wear it for extra hours another day to 5 lost time. “One thing about that I found really 6 was figuring out how to track the 7 of my wearing,” Hadley said. “I tried 8 things. A notepad, a whiteboard and some other tools. And I even 9 to look for an app with such function, but there really wasn’t anything so we decided to 10 an app ourselves.” The twins had no 11 of developing an app although they were enthusiastic about computer science. They just jumped in and then worked with an app developer to 12 they had everything they needed to get the app into app stores, and the new invention— Bracetrack was officially introduced to the public in May. The app had around 500 active users within a week for its perfect 13 . According to the American association of neurological surgeons, scoliosis affects 2-3% of the population, 14 6-9 million people. Currently, Bracetrack has a 4.9 out of 5-star rating on Apple’s app store with tons of positive reviews. Hadley said, “Their reviews on the app made us 15 . People said they are glad that they can record how long they wear the brace more conveniently.” 1. A．test B．surgery C．attention D．treatment 2. A．cultivate B．assess C．slow D．predict 3. A．help B．instructions C．influence D．control 4. A．flexibly B．frequently C．accidentally D．slightly 5. A．make up for B．give way to C．take advantage of D．do away with 6. A．original B．meaningful C．tough D．urgent 7. A．progress B．length C．condition D．expense 8. A．various B．vital C．similar D．traditional 9. A．preferred B．failed C．managed D．attempted 10. A．employ B．afford C．select D．build 11. A．practice B．expectation C．approval D．possibility 12. A．indicate B．prove C．guarantee D．promise 13. A．comments B．innovations C．functions D．preparations 14. A．roughly B．apparently C．permanently D．instantly 15. A．refreshed B．amazed C．awful D．anxious Passage 8 （23-24高二下·江西宜春·期中）Why are younger age group so much more willing to post an offensive message on social media? Why aren’t we changing the 1 in the actual cyberbully (网络欺凌)? That’s when I had a idea What if I gave them a chance to 2 what they were doing? If an adolescent 3 to post an offensive message on social media, and if I went, “Whoa! Hold on. You’re about to shoot an offensive message to someone. That can really 4 them. Are you sure you want to post this message?”, would they still be 5 to do it? So early this year, using my science and technology skills, I 6 a software system. And basically, they were able to compare whether a caution which caused adolescents to consider what they were doing actually reduce their 7 to post offensive messages. In the end, I was able to get 1,500 8 trials of data. 93% of the time when adolescents 9 a caution that says, “Whoa! You’re about to post an offensive message”, they finally 10 their mind. I was able to 11 the willingness to post offensive messages from 71.4% to 4.6%. Now, the app Rethink has become widely popular. I also currently hold a patent for this 12 idea. According to the data, Rethink has 13 that, in those seconds, when you decide whether or not you’re going to hit “post”, the 14 of the seconds means so much in the future. So, I encourage all of you: rethink before the damage is done. We need to slow down, 15 , and consider what we’re doing. 1. A．value B．attention C．behavior D．interest 2. A．complain about B．think about C．focus on D．comment on 3. A．arranged B．refused C．managed D．attempted 4. A．sacrifice B．motivate C．hurt D．confuse 5. A．stubborn B．willing C．ashamed D．warm-hearted 6. A．acquired B．invested C．approved D．created 7. A．intention B．strength C．desire D．courage 8. A．unique B．academic C．complicated D．effective 9. A．ignore B．send C．receive D．post 10. A．lost B．changed C．kept D．set 11. A．challenge B．adjust C．betray D．decrease 12. A．ridiculous B．shallow C．fantastic D．conflicting 13. A．proven B．guaranteed C．assumed D．known 14. A．imagination B．flash C．inspiration D．stimulation 15. A．struggle B．hesitate C．pause D．decline Passage 9 （23-24高二下·河北石家庄·期中）Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT. She is conducting her research on brain diseases that 1 the minds of millions of people worldwide. Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 2 . Her courage as a researcher comes from her 3 , who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by 4 to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father 5 her interest in engineering. Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his 6 , fashioning devices to make home life more 7 , including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very 8 in science and technology.” Sarkar says. After 9 a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar 10 California to study nanoclectronics. There, she tested new ways to 11 nanodevices that could reduce the amount of 12 consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. 13 , she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice. Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the 14 , which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains. “Our brains are 15 , but we could be better than what we are.” she says. 1. A．enrich B．read C．affect D．poison 2. A．birds B．researchers C．failures D．inspirations 3. A．aunt B．mother C．sister D．grandmother 4. A．working B．pretending C．refusing D．waiting 5. A．protected B．switched C．stimulated D．supported 6. A．job B．holiday C．discomfort D．passion 7. A．complex B．convenient C．peaceful D．meaningful 8. A．interested B．honest C．lucky D．disappointed 9. A．starting B．carning C．needing D．introducing 10. A．adapted to B．related to C．headed to D．belonged to 11. A．create B．fix C．operate D．sell 12. A．water B．money C．power D．time 13. A．Unfortunately B．Immediately C．Obviously D．Eventually 14. A．computer B．brain C．exercise D．fashion 15. A．empty B．busy C．relaxed D．remarkable Passage 10 （2024·江西·二模）Alexander Graham Bell hated spending summertime in Washington, DC． He usually 1 to his farm in Nova Scotia, but one year he had to stay in the capital. “Why humans have 2 how to warm a house but not how to cool one — until now,” he wondered, and in 1872, he 3 a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃. When 69-year-old Bell told that 4 in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School, the students went 5 . The clapping lasted so long that he was 6 to say something more surprising. “Could postage stamps be used in 7 of persons?” asked Bell, who had thought of 8 a low price for public transport, but the cost of building additional roads was too high. “Perhaps, the flying machine will be the 9 .” In the speech, Bell also 10 on a century of progress and looked ahead with remarkable foresight. In the reflection, he was amazed by the 11 made in the past century: Gas lighting had evolved into electric bulbs and automobiles 12 horse-drawn vehicles. He then went on to 13 the commercial airplane, solar panels, and the 14 for renewable resources. Gilbert Grosvenor, the editor of National Geographic magazine, asked for the 15 and published a revised version in the February issue. Now, more than one hundred years later, Bell’s predictions still remain prescient (预见性的). 1. A．wandered B．escaped C．flew D．applied 2. A．agreed on B．insisted on C．figured out D．ruled out 3. A．designed B．bought C．saw D．borrowed 4. A．accident B．loss C．problem D．story 5. A．wild B．hungry C．disappointed D．silent 6. A．allowed B．forced C．paid D．chosen 7. A．favor B．memory C．transportation D．case 8. A．cutting B．raising C．avoiding D．charging 9. A．pollution B．solution C．discovery D．issue 10. A．relied B．switched C．reflected D．called 11. A．profits B．advances C．materials D．failures 12. A．replaced B．destroyed C．attacked D．missed 13. A．sell B．rent C．invent D．predict 14. A．deadline B．competition C．need D．balance 15. A．text B．book C．contract D．interview 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）Meghana first found her passion in middle school when she successfully created water filters (过滤器) to help Indian families struggling with waterborne (水传播的) illnesses. She 1 the opportunity to be able to help people and improve their life. Ever since she was in middle school, Meghana has been quite interested in 2 research. Her first inventions were water filters, which she was inspired to 3 after hearing about rural communities 4 the waterborne illnesses. Her latest invention, electrodes (电极) for supercapacitors (超级电容器), is also 5 to environmental science and is part of her interest in the field. The 6 , filled with trial and error, hasn’t been 7 . Through ten months of research, Meghana was able to create an electrode. This creation, costing less than $1, was very 8 friendly. Meghana has used her knowledge to help others who are also 9 about science. Following the success of her science fair projects, many science students connected with her, wanting her help on their research projects. Soon, lots of 10 came seeking help, and Meghana couldn’t 11 all of them. 12 , Meghana still wanted to help as many people as possible. She 13 a ScienceFair Workshop Series program at her high school. Not only does the program help encourage students interested in science to participate in science fair projects, it also helps form a positive community where students can ask one another questions. Bringing the program to her school is just one step towards her 14 changing the world through education. She is concerned about how difficult it is for people who have trouble 15 education resources. “A good education allows people to think creatively, which eventually leads to development around the world,” said Meghana. 1. A．misunderstood B．loved C．doubted D．abandoned 2. A．social B．industrial C．medical D．scientific 3. A．make B．require C．repair D．evaluate 4. A．overlooking B．directing C．facing D．replacing 5. A．related B．adapted C．compared D．opposed 6. A．record B．examination C．process D．appeal 7. A．original B．complex C．similar D．easy 8. A．chemically B．economically C．culturally D．historically 9. A．nervous B．embarrassed C．upset D．curious 10. A．requests B．habits C．warnings D．standards 11. A．give away B．call on C．reply to D．depend on 12. A．However B．Instead C．Otherwise D．Also 13. A．envied B．bothered C．approved D．started 14. A．impression on B．commitment to C．independence of D．reference to 15. A．supplying B．commenting C．accessing D．removing Passage 12 （23-24高二下·浙江·期中）Ralph Street loves maps. Appropriately (相称) for someone with his surname, he studied geography and town planning. And well before that, his parents 1 took him out orienteering (定向运动). “I don’t really remember a time before orienteering,” Street 2 . “My parents took me orienteering the first week I was born.” He now 3 internationally as an orienteer. In 2023, he won the first place in Orienteering World Cup. Street remembers a childhood trip with friends who trusted him as they realized his excellent 4 for getting around the new city. Street 5 the sport of orienteering at the age of nine. As his experiences suggest, childhood exposure shapes people’s comfort and 6 with navigation (导航). People who grew up outside cities, or in more spatially (空间的) complex cities, also appear to be better able to navigate. “Even as adults, we have good 7 that people who navigate more widely around their environment have better spatial skills,” says Nora Newcombe, a psychology professor at Temple University in Philadelphia. Misconceptions 8 about human navigation. “One of them is that you think you cannot improve,” Newcombe says. Navigational 9 like maps and compasses can lead to a dependence. People can train themselves to better notice environmental 10 like the wind, the sun and slopes. For people who can’t imagine wayfinding without a phone app, there are still ways to 11 spatial skills. The system on many apps is that “wherever you’re going is straight ahead, which is a terrible way to learn. I advocate keeping north on the top all the time,” Newcombe 12 . Getting a(an) 13 amount of sleep may help too. One global study found that for participants 14 fifty and older, sleeping seven hours a night 15 the best performance in a navigation game. 1. A．hardly B．recently C．regularly D．typically 2. A．recalls B．repeats C．regrets D．responds 3. A．travels B．competes C．visits D．runs 4. A．ambition B．purpose C．skill D．task 5. A．took over B．took up C．took on D．took away 6. A．confusion B．confidence C．happiness D．sorrow 7. A．insight B．news C．information D．evidence 8. A．appear B．happen C．consist D．exist 9. A．aids B．aims C．destinations D．means 10. A．situations B．protections C．measures D．signs 11. A．perform B．evaluate C．practise D．motivate 12. A．comments B．suggests C．states D．decides 13. A．obvious B．same C．different D．abundant 14. A．aged B．aging C．to age D．ages 15. A．was filled with B．was satisfied with C．was linked to D．was compared to Passage 13 （23-24高二下·上海·期末）Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the 1 of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in 2 the paths of storms. Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network 3 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized 4 takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds. These 5 are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen,giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. 6 , on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm. If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 7 severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. 8 , the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is 9 when severe weather is around. On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, 10 from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your 11 area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported. When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, circular wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado 12 . Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, 13 which areas needed to be warned. Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek 14 before the storm hit. Paying attention to your 15 weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety. 1. A．loss B．increase C．protection D．value 2. A．changing B．controlling C．predicting D．guiding 3. A．faced with B．exposed to C．involved in D．made up of 4. A．structure B．system C．mode D．style 5. A．figures B．data C．readings D．statistics 6. A．Most likely B．Most evidently C．Most interestingly D．Most importantly 7. A．decide B．estimate C．handle D．issue 8. A．By the way B．In that case C．To some extent D．On the contrary 9. A．vital B．reasonable C．normal D．available 10. A．expanding B．spreading C．ranging D．extending 11. A．proper B．specific C．typical D．regular 12. A．process   B．threat C．warning D．sign 13. A．indicating B．recognizing C．covering D．recommending 14. A．rescue B．residence C．support D．shelter 15. A．local B．international C．nationwide D．neighborhood Passage 14 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）In years with hotter weather, pupils are likely to perform less well in exams, says a major study from researchers at Harvard and other US universities. There is a “significant” 1 between higher temperatures and lower school achievement, say economic researchers. An analysis of 2 scores of 10 million US secondary school students over 13 years shows hot weather has a negative impact on results. The study says a practical 3 could be to use more air conditioning. Students taking exams in a summer heatwave might have always complained that they were 4 by the hot and uncomfortable weather. But this study, from academics at Harvard, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and Georgia State University, claims to have produced the first clear 5 showing that when temperatures go up, school performance goes down. Researchers have 6 how secondary school students performed in tests in different years across the different 7 patterns within the US. The study found that students were more likely to have lower scores in years with higher temperatures and better results in cooler years. This 8 across the many different types of climate — whether in cooler northern US states or in the southern states where temperatures are typically much higher. The study, Heat and Learning, suggested that hotter weather made it harder to study in lessons in school and to 9 homework out of school. Researchers calculated that for every 0.55℃ increase in average temperature over the year, there was a 1% fall in 10 . Colder days did not seem to damage achievement — but the negative impact began to be 11 as temperatures rose above 21℃. The reduction in learning increased quickly once temperatures rose above 32℃ and even more so above 38℃. Joshua Goodman, associate professor at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, and his co-authors provide evidence that the “heat’s destruction of instruction or homework time is responsible for the 12 drop in test scores”. But Mr Goodman says it would have been harder to carry out similar studies in the education systems in the UK, because the differences in weather conditions would have been much 13 . The wide range of weather conditions in the US allows 14 within the same year group as well as with test performances in previous years. The study also asks whether heat plays a part in the huge 15 differences in achievement within the US. Northern states such as Massachusetts have very high levels of achievement in international tests. But southern states such as Alabama and Mississippi are at a level below European countries and closer to Turkey and Mexico. 1. A．gap B．link C．conflict D．distinction 2. A．test B．reading C．credit D．index 3. A．problem B．reason C．example D．response 4. A．frightened B．embarrassed C．influenced D．enhanced 5. A．evidence B．declaration C．feature D．argument 6. A．tracked B．doubted C．imagined D．discussed 7. A．exam B．learning C．behaviour D．weather 8. A．varied B．applied C．mattered D．spread 9. A．refer to B．account for C．approve of D．concentrate on 10. A．health B．satisfaction C．learning D．comfort 11. A．comparable B．measurable C．predictable D．avoidable 12. A．observed B．unexpected C．intended D．slowed 13. A．bigger B．clearer C．narrower D．fewer 14. A．applications B．agreements C．exchanges D．comparisons 15. A．cultural B．regional C．political D．religious Passage 15 （23-24高二下·上海奉贤·期中）AI, or deep learning, takes in massive amounts of data from a single field and automatically learns from the data to make specific decisions within that field. It can automatically optimize (优化) human-given goals with 1 memory and superhuman accuracy. The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting, but the rise of AI also brings many 2 . It’s worth taking time to sort between the genuine risks of this coming technological revolution and the 3 that sometimes surround the topic. First, let’s talk about job displacement. Because AI can 4 humans at routine tasks, it is technically capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so. But not every job will be replaced by AI. 5 , four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a 6 to optimize. It cannot 7 as scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs go well beyond the AI 8 of single domain and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI. Are you worried that these three types of jobs won’t employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much 9 : empathetic and compassionate jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI is not capable of. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. As well as job displacement. AI has the potential to 10 inequality-both between the super wealthy and the displaced workers and also among countries. Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to gain the economic rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to 11 job displacement. The technology also poses serious challenges in terms of 12 . The consequences of hacking into AI-controlled systems could be severe. Finally, there are the issues of privacy, worsened prejudices and manipulation (操纵). Sadly, we’ve already seen 13 on this front. Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division. All of these risks require governments, businesses and technologists to 14 develop a new rule book for AI applications. And rather than compare against one another countries must share best practices and work together to ensure this technology is used for the 15 of all. 1. A．deep B．specific C．unlimited D．optimistic 2. A．praises B．possibilities C．decisions D．challenges 3. A．misunderstandings B．underestimates C．consequences D．arguments 4. A．enrich B．outperform C．reject D．enroll 5. A．In fact B．By comparison C．In addition D．As a result 6. A．job B．goal C．risk D．title 7. A．research B．learn C．serve D．invent 8. A．automation B．displacement C．limitation D．complication 9. A．easier B．larger C．smarter D．quicker 10. A．maintain B．remove C．reveal D．conceal 11. A．destabilize B．enhance C．relieve D．preserve 12. A．security B．control C．severity D．advancement 13. A．prejudices B．limitations C．temptations D．failures 14. A．hold on B．work together C．take off D．back up 15. A．competition B．application C．rules D．good 高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$专题-S713完形填空 人教版选择性必修四 题型特训 Unit 1 Science Fiction 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·江西·阶段练习）When realizing the Internet was robbing me of too much time, I decided to have a(n) 1 : doing Tech-Free Sundays. On the night before my no-tech 2 starts, I told everyone who might get in touch with me that I wouldn’t be 3 until 9 pm on Sunday. Did this feel unpleasant? Yes. But it also felt 4 : Everyone uses WeChat or the telephone to 5 others. If I am off the network, it seems my 6 to inform those who might need me. The next day, I turned off my phone. I read. I thought. I used a 7 to make a grocery list on paper. I 8 my dog in the neighborhood, and then, because I had nothing else to do, I took her to the pet shop. “See how 9 I am! I can leave the Internet and live in the real world.” I thought. But by 8 pm, I was 10 the minutes until the experiment ended. For better or worse, my 11 is online, and most of our work can’t leave the Internet. And I was anxious to order a hat online. Then the clock 12 struck 9. Through this 13 , I’ve realized there is so much time when you are disconnected from the Internet. I’ll 14 taking tech-free baby steps: turning off the phone; 15 intentional periods away from my computer; being present in real life. 1. A．change B．declaration C．regulation D．appointment 2. A．assignment B．commitment C．journey D．conflict 3. A．dominant B．sensitive C．reachable D．free 4. A．inconvenient B．necessary C．familiar D．ridiculous 5. A．encourage B．remind C．comfort D．contact 6. A．obligation B．idea C．turn D．response 7. A．phone B．pen C．computer D．recorder 8. A．recalled B．defended C．walked D．delivered 9. A．guilty B．present C．innocent D．sympathetic 10. A．missing out B．falling behind C．escaping from D．counting down 11. A．proof B．life C．ambition D．advantage 12. A．finally B．skillfully C．repeatedly D．actually 13. A．experiment B．discount C．lecture D．conference 14. A．risk B．imagine C．delay D．continue 15. A．exchanging B．detecting C．studying D．spending 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者体验“无科技星期天”感受真实的生活的一段经历，通过这次体验，作者决定要逐步地享受远离手机或电脑的时刻。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我意识到互联网占用了我太多的时间时，我决定做一个改变：做一个无科技星期天。A. change变化；B. declaration公告；C. regulation规章；D. appointment约定。根据上文“When realizing the Internet was robbing me of too much time”可知,作者认为网络占去了自己很多的时间，因此想尝试改变这种生活，做一个无科技星期天。故选A。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的“无科技之旅”开始的前一天晚上，我告诉所有可能联系我的人，周日晚上9点才能联系到我。A. assignment分配；B. commitment承诺；C. journey旅程；D. conflict冲突。根据下文讲述，可知这里指的是作者为期一天的无科技的历程，故选C。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. dominant显著的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. reachable可联系的；D. free自由的。根据上文“I decided to have a(n) 　　1　　: doing Tech-Free Sundays.”以及本句可知作者打算在周日关掉手机，直到晚上9点再打开手机，因此作者告诉朋友们周日晚上9点以后才能联系上她。故选C。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这也是必要的：每个人都使用微信或电话与他人联系。A. inconvenient不方便的；B. necessary必要的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. ridiculous荒谬的。根据下文“Everyone uses WeChat or the telephone to 　　5　　 others”可知作者每天和别人用微信或者电话联系，所以要关掉手机是有必要告诉一声，故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. encourage鼓励；B. remind提醒；C. comfort安慰；D. contact联系。根据上文“I told everyone who might get in touch with me”可知是用微信和电话和作者联系的人，故选D。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我断网了，我有义务通知那些可能需要我的人。A. obligation义务；B. idea想法；C. turn轮班；D. response回应。根据上文“Everyone uses WeChat or the telephone to 　　5　　 others”可知作者平时都是和他人用微信或者电话联系，所以要断网，应用该有义务通知他们，故选A。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用笔在纸上列了一张购物清单。A. phone电话；B. pen笔；C. computer电脑；D. recorder录音机。根据下文“on paper”可知用笔在纸上列一张购物清单，故选B。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在附近遛狗，然后，因为我无事可做，我带她去了宠物店。A. recalled回想起；B. defended保卫；C. walked遛(狗)；D. delivered递送。根据下文“because I had nothing else to do, I took her to the pet shop”可知是遛狗，故选C。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你看，我现在就在你身边!我可以离开互联网，生活在现实世界中。”我想。A. guilty内疚的；B. present现在的；C. innocent无辜的；D. sympathetic同情的。根据末尾的“being present in real life”可知作者生活在现实世界里，不是网络中，是present的词汇复现，故选B。 10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但到了晚上8点，我开始倒计时，直到实验结束。A. missing out遗漏；B. falling behind落后；C. escaping from逃避；D. counting down倒计时。根据下文“For better or worse, my 　　11　　 is online, and most of our work can’t leave the Internet.”可知作者着急上网，所以应该是倒计时，故选D。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管是好是坏，我的生活都在网上，我们的大部分工作都离不开互联网。A. proof证明；B. life生活；C. ambition理想；D. advantage优势。根据下文“and most of our work can’t leave the Internet”和常识可知我们的生活是离不开网络的，故选B。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。 句意：时钟终于敲了九点。A. finally最终；B. skillfully巧妙地；C. repeatedly重复地；D. actually实际上。根据上文“And I was anxious to order a hat online.”可知作者着急上网，所以时钟终于敲了九点，故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。 句意：通过这个实验，我意识到不上网可以有很多时间。 A. experiment实验；B. discount折扣；C. lecture讲座；D. conference会议。根据上文“But by 8 pm, I was 　　10　　 the minutes until the experiment ended.”可知是experiment的词汇复现，故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会继续采取不使用科技产品的步骤：关掉手机；故意离开电脑一段时间；活在现实生活中。A. risk冒险；B. imagine想象；C. delay推迟；D. continue继续。根据上文“I’ve realized there is so much time when you are disconnected from the Internet”可知作者会继续采取不使用科技产品的策略，故选D。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. exchanging交换；B. detecting发现；C. studying学习；D. spending消耗。根据上文“I’ll 　　14　　 taking tech-free baby steps”作者会继续使用无科技产品的策略，所以应该时不时离开电脑和网络，故选D。 Passage 2 （2024·广西·模拟预测）The rubber surgical gloves were created about 135 years ago. Believe it or not, this little tool 1 in every doctor’s office and hospital was invented out of 2 . In 1889, Dr. William Halsted was in love with the nurse and eventual wife, Carolyn Hampton. 3 , this invention should be named “rubber gloves of love”. Hospital procedures 4 surgical personnel to wash and disinfect their hands before interacting with patients. Carolyn 5 severe dermatitis (皮炎) due to the use of mercuric chloride (氯化汞) for disinfection. She was almost 6 . Halsted wanted to keep her near him. To protect her 7 , he thought hard and suddenly, something 8 him. He contacted the Goodyear Rubber Company, asking the engineers there to 9 thin rubber gloves for Carolyn. 10 rubber gloves were very different from what we have today, but they proved to be an excellent 11 to the operating room. The gloves were 12 well received. Many other personnel began wearing the gloves. It’s generally 13 that now they have many uses, far beyond their original 14 . For example, hairdressers use them to protect their hands from dyes (染料) and solutions used in their business. Whenever I see gloves anywhere, I couldn’t help but think of this 15 of inventing the “rubber gloves of love”. 1. A．seen B．made C．tested D．collected 2. A．sympathy B．love C．curiosity D．kindness 3. A．Instead B．Besides C．Indeed D．Otherwise 4. A．allow B．cause C．promise D．require 5. A．developed B．discovered C．witnessed D．cured 6. A．succeeding B．graduating C．resigning D．retiring 7. A．achievement B．legs C．courage D．hands 8. A．called on B．occurred to C．came across D．applied to 9. A．check B．clean C．trade D．design 10. A．Original B．New C．Extra D．Regular 11. A．response B．attitude C．sensitivity D．addition 12. A．specifically B．actually C．carefully D．equally 13. A．said B．known C．reported D．announced 14. A．belief B．identity C．purpose D．quality 15. A．story B．record C．work D．memory 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“橡胶手套”这个发明的背后是一个丈夫对妻子的爱的故事。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：信不信由你，这个在每个医生的办公室和医院里都能看到的小工具是出于爱而发明的。 A. seen看见，看到；B. made制作；C. tested测试；D. collected收集。根据语境和后文“in every doctor’s office and hospital”可知，橡胶手套在每个医生的办公室和医院里都能看见。故选A项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：信不信由你，这个在每个医生的办公室和医院里都能看到的小工具是出于爱而发明的。A. sympathy同情；B. love爱；C. curiosity好奇心；D. kindness善良。根据语境和后文“this invention should be named ‘rubber gloves of love’”可知，这个小工具是出于爱而发明的。故选B项。 3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：的确，这项发明应该被命名为“爱的橡胶手套”。A. Instead相反；B. Besides此外；C. Indeed的确；D. Otherwise否则。根据语境和后文“To protect her 　　7　　, he thought hard and suddenly, something 　　8　　 him. He contacted the Goodyear Rubber Company, asking the engineers there to 　　9　　 thin rubber gloves for Carolyn.”可知，橡胶手套是因为丈夫对妻子的爱而发明的，所以“的确”应该被命名为“爱的橡胶手套”。故选C项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：医院程序要求外科人员在与病人接触之前洗手消毒。A. allow允许；B. cause引起；C. promise承诺；D. require要求。根据语境和后文“surgical personnel to wash and disinfect their hands before interacting with patients”可知，医院程序要求外科人员在与病人接触之前洗手消毒。故选D项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于使用氧化汞进行消毒，卡罗琳患上了严重的皮炎。A. developed发展，患病；B. discovered发现；C. witnessed目睹；D. cured治愈。根据语境和后文“severe dermatitis (皮炎) due to the use of mercuric chloride (氯化汞) for disinfection”可知，由于使用氯化汞进行消毒，卡罗琳患上了严重的皮炎。故选A项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她几乎就要辞职了。A. succeeding成功；B. graduating毕业；C. resigning辞职；D. retiring退休。根据语境和前文“severe dermatitis (皮炎)”以及后文“Halsted wanted to keep her near him.”可知，她患上了严重的皮炎，无法工作，所以此处表示她几乎快要辞职了。故选C项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了保护她的手，他苦苦思索，突然，他想到了一件事。A. achievement成就；B. legs腿；C. courage勇气；D. hands手。根据语境和前文“wash and disinfect their hands before interacting with patients. Carolyn 　　5　　 severe dermatitis (皮炎) due to the use of mercuric chloride (氯化汞) for disinfection.”可知，由于使用氧化汞进行消毒，她手得了皮炎，所以此处表示为了保护她的手。故选D项。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了保护她的手，他苦苦思索，突然，他想到了一件事。A. called on拜访；B. occurred to突然想到；C. came across偶然遇到；D. applied to适用于。根据语境和后文“He contacted the Goodyear Rubber Company, asking the engineers there to 　　9　　 thin rubber gloves for Carolyn.”以及固定短语sb. occurred to sb .“某人突然想到”可知，此处表示他突然想出了橡胶手套的主意。故选B项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他联系了固特异橡胶公司，请那里的工程师为卡洛琳设计薄橡胶手套。A. check检查；B. clean打扫；C. trade交易；D. design设计。根据语境和后文“thin rubber gloves for Carolyn”可知，丈夫联系了公司，请那里的工程师为妻子设计薄橡胶手套。故选D项。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初的橡胶手套与我们今天使用的非常不同，但它们被证明是手术室的一个很好的增添物。A. Original最初的；B. New新的；C. Extra额外的；D. Regular定期的。根据语境和后文“rubber gloves were very different from what we have today”可知，最初的橡胶手套与我们今天使用的非常不同。故选A项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最初的橡胶手套与我们今天使用的非常不同，但它们被证明是手术室的一个很好的增添物。A. response回应；B. attitude态度；C. sensitivity敏感；D. addition增加物，增添物。根据常识和后文“to the operating room”可知，手术室里离不开橡胶手套，它们被证明是手术室的一个很好的增加物。故选D项。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些手套实际上很受欢迎。A. specifically特别地；B. actually实际上；C. carefully仔细地；D. equally平等地。根据语境和后文“Many other personnel began wearing the gloves.”可知，这些手套实际上很受欢迎。故选B项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，现在它们有很多用途，远远超出了它们最初的用途。A. said说；B. known知道；C. reported报道；D. announced通知。根据后文“now they have many uses”和句意可知，此处为句型 It’s generally known that…表示“众所周知……”。故选B项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，现在它们有很多用途，远远超出了它们最初的用途。A. belief信念；B. identity身份；C. purpose目的，用途；D. quality质量。根据语境和前文“now they have many uses, far beyond their original”可知，橡胶手套如今用途变多了，即远远超出了它们最初的用途。故选C项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我在任何地方看到手套，我就会不由地想起这个发明“爱情橡胶手套”的故事。A. story故事；B. record记录；C. work工作；D. memory记忆；根据语境和后文“of inventing the ‘rubber gloves of love’”可知，以及上文讲述了橡胶手套是因为丈夫对妻子的爱而发明的，所以此处是指作者想起这个发明背后的故事。故选A项。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·湖南常德·期中）When I imagine my future, I see myself as an adult who is confident in my abilities, doing a job I love and living my life 1 . When I grow up, I will be enjoying more 2 brought by the advances in technology, with more time to pursue my 3 and enjoy the company of my family and friends. For these reasons, I look forward to the future as the happiest time of my life. I will feel happy in the future because I will learn more about life and 4 into the best person I can be. I will become more knowledgeable about the world and myself. I will also handle more responsibilities and 5 problems in a more thoughtful manner. 6 new technology, my future life is sure to improve in various ways. Homes will become 7 to the extent that they might be programmed to learn about our needs and 8 our health and activity. I can imagine hearing an AI voice 9 me to buy groceries or do more exercise! There will also be enormous advancements in 10 options. I will be riding in a self-driving car, and other new means of transport may be developed in the future. These 11 in technology are certain to make my future life more comfortable and convenient. The working day will be only four 12 long thanks to robots. Working less time means I can do 13 I enjoy most, such as spending time with family and friends, 14 in fun activities and learning new skills. Thinking this way gives me the 15 to work hard now so that I can have a successful, fulfilling(令人满足的) and enjoyable future life. 1. A．responsibly B．importantly C．differently D．uncomfortably 2. A．interests B．experience C．convenience D．changes 3. A．habits B．hobbies C．ideas D．chances 4. A．form B．develop C．expect D．decide 5. A．notice B．find C．change D．solve 6. A．Turn to B．Devote to C．Thanks to D．Lead to 7. A．smarter B．worthier C．worse D．cuter 8. A．warn B．ignore C．monitor D．understand 9. A．want B．remind C．ask D．order 10. A．learning B．communication C．work D．transport 11. A．benefits B．advances C．promises D．challenges 12. A．hours B．days C．minutes D．weeks 13. A．that B．it C．which D．what 14. A．enhancing B．entertaining C．engaging D．encountering 15. A．inspiration B．motivation C．appreciation D．impression 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者憧憬了自己未来的幸福生活。 1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我想象我的未来时，我看到自己是一个对自己的能力充满信心的成年人，做着我喜欢的工作，负责任地过着我的生活。A. responsibly负责任地；B. importantly重要地；C. differently不同地；D. uncomfortably不舒服地。根据上文“I see myself as an adult who is confident in my abilities, doing a job I love”可知，作者将负责任地过着自己的生活。故选A项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我长大后，我将享受科技进步带来的更多便利，有更多的时间去追求我的爱好，享受家人和朋友的陪伴。A. interests兴趣；B. experience 经历；C. convenience方便；D. changes改变。根据下文“convenient”可知，科技带来的是便利。故选C项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我长大后，我将享受科技进步带来的更多便利，有更多的时间去追求我的爱好，享受家人和朋友的陪伴。A. habits习惯；B. hobbies爱好；C. ideas观点； D. chances机会。根据下文“enjoy the company of my family and friends.”可知，有更多的时间去追求自己的爱好。故选B项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会在未来感到快乐，因为关于生活我会学的更多并且发展成为最好的人。A. form形成；B. develop发展；C. expect期望； D. decide决定。根据上文“because I will learn more about life”可知，将来的作者会发展成为最好的人。故选B项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也会承担更多的责任，以更周到的方式解决问题。 A. notice注意；B. find发现；C. change改变； D. solve解决。根据下文“in a more thoughtful manner.”可知，以更周到的方式解决问题。故选D项。 6. 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：多亏了新技术，我未来的生活肯定会以各种方式得到改善。A. Turn to转向；B. Devote to致力于；C. Thanks to多亏；D. Lead to导致。根据下文“my future life is sure to improve in various ways”可知，多亏技术的进步。故选C项。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：家居将变得更加智能，它们可以通过编程来了解我们的需求，监控我们的健康和活动。A. smarter更聪明的、更智能的；B. worthier更值得的；C. worse糟糕的；D. cuter更可爱的。根据下文“they might be programmed to learn about our needs and  ____8____  our health and activity.”可知，家居将变得更加智能。故选A项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：家居将变得更加智能，它们可以通过编程来了解我们的需求，监控我们的健康和活动。A. warn警告；B. ignore忽略；C. monitor监测； D. understand理解。根据上文“Homes will become  ____7____  to the extent”可知，家居将变得更加智能，监控我们的健康和活动，故选C项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以想象听到一个人工智能的声音提醒我买杂货或多做运动！A. want想要；B. remind提醒；C. ask问；D. order命令。根据上文“an AI voice”可知，工智能的声音提醒我买杂货或多做运动。故选B项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在交通选择方面也会有巨大的进步。A. learning学习；B. communication交流；C. work工作；D. transport 运输，运送。根据下文“transport”可知，指的是在交通方面。故选D项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些技术的进步一定会使我未来的生活更加舒适和方便。 A. benefits益处；B. advances进步；C. promises承诺；D. challenges挑战。根据上文“by the advances”可知，指技术进步。故选B项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于有了机器人，每天的工作时间将只有4个小时。A. hours小时；B. days天；C. minutes分钟； D. weeks周。根据上文“The working day”以及下文“thanks to robots.”可知，每天的工作时间将只有4个小时。故选A项。 13. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：工作更少的时间意味着我可以做我最喜欢的事情，比如花时间和家人朋友在一起，参加有趣的活动，学习新技能。do后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指事物，用what。故选D项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：工作更少的时间意味着我可以做我最喜欢的事情，比如花时间和家人朋友在一起，参加有趣的活动，学习新技能。A. enhancing提高；B. entertaining娱乐；C. engaging参与；D. encountering偶遇。根据下文“fun activities”可知，指参加有趣的活动。故选C项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的想法给了我现在努力学习的动力，这样我就能有一个成功的、充实的和愉快的未来生活。A. inspiration灵感；B. motivation动机，动力；C. appreciation感激；D. impression印象。根据上文“Thinking this way”可知，这样的想法给了作者现在努力学习的动力。故选B项。 Passage 4 （23-24高二下·重庆·阶段练习）Whenever photographer Casey Ryan heads into the wilderness, he brings along his drone (无人机) to capture photographs from a bird’s eye view. Having the 1 device with him on a recent trip to the Cascades Mountain Range in Oregon saved his and another person’s 2 . Casey was 3 through the Willamette National Forest when he 4 a stranger whose vehicle was stuck. Casey 5 to help get it out without hesitation. 6 , he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help, leaving both people in 7 with no cell phone service for miles around. Casey immediately assessed the 8 and recalled a movie he’d seen recently in which a character used a drone to lift his phone high enough to capture a 9 in a similar situation, so he 10 his device and got to work. First, he attached his cell phone 11 to his drone. Then, he typed a series of messages to his wife. He told her where he was located in the park, and then launched the drone into the air. Somewhere up there over the tall trees, it 12 a signal and whoosh! All of Casey’s texts were 13 . Rescuers arrived and saved both Casey and the other driver. Who knows, maybe future drones will have built-in 14 features added to it 15 this photographer’s practice. We’d buy a phone drone! 1. A．preserving B．detecting C．repairing D．flying 2. A．lives B．photos C．strength D．money 3. A．searching B．driving C．wandering D．slipping 4. A．rang up B．came across C．got rid of D．lost his temper with 5. A．managed B．pretended C．volunteered D．denied 6. A．Unnaturally B．Generally C．Unfortunately D．Gradually 7. A．peace B．trouble C．charge D．silence 8. A．standard B．damage C．evidence D．situation 9. A．bird B．picture C．signal D．radiation 10. A．put aside B．gave away C．pulled out D．broke up 11. A．securely B．accidentally C．freely D．dramatically 12. A．turned up B．came up C．spoke up D．picked up 13. A．typed B．hidden C．delayed D．sent 14. A．emergency B．camera C．lighting D．identity 15. A．consistent with B．in case of C．thanks to D．depending on 【答案】 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了摄影师Casey Ryan在最近一次前往俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山脉的旅行中，他利用随身携带的无人机，救了他和另一个人的命。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最近一次前往俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山脉的旅行中，他随身携带了这个飞行装置，救了他和另一个人的命。A. preserving保护；B. detecting发现；C. repairing修理；D. flying疾驰，飞 。根据上文“he brings along his drone to capture photographs from a bird’s eye view”可知，无人机属于飞行装置。故选D项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最近一次前往俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山脉的旅行中，他随身携带了这个飞行装置，救了他和另一个人的命。A. lives生命；B. photos照片；C. strength力量；D. money钱。根据下文“Rescuers arrived and saved both Casey and the other driver.”可知，他随身携带了这个飞行装置，救了他和另一个人的命。故选A项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当凯西开车穿过威拉米特国家森林时，他遇到了一个陌生人，他的车被困住了。A. searching搜索；B. driving开车；C. wandering徘徊；D. slipping滑倒。根据下文“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help”可知，凯西开车穿过威拉米特国家森林。故选B项。 4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当凯西开车穿过威拉米特国家森林时，他遇到了一个陌生人，他的车被困住了。A. rang up打电话；B. came across偶遇；C. got rid of摆脱；D. lost his temper with对……发脾气。根据下文“a stranger whose vehicle was stuck”可知，他遇到了一个陌生人。故选B项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：凯西毫不犹豫地自愿帮忙把它弄出来。A. managed管理；B. pretended假装；C. volunteered自愿；D. denied否认。根据下文“to help get it out without hesitation”可知，凯西毫不犹豫地自愿帮忙。故选C项。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，当他试图帮忙时，他自己的车陷入了沟里，这让两个人都陷入了困境，因为周围几英里都没有手机服务。A. Unnaturally不自然地；B. Generally普遍地；C. Unfortunately不幸运地；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据下文“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch”可知，不幸的是，他自己的车陷入了沟里。故选C项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，当他试图帮忙时，他自己的车陷入了沟里，这让两个人都陷入了困境，因为周围几英里都没有手机服务。A. peace和平；B. trouble困境；C. charge收费； D. silence沉默。根据上文“a stranger whose vehicle was stuck.”及“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch”可知，两人都陷入了困境。故选B项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯西立即对情况进行了评估，并想起了他最近看过的一部电影，在这部电影中，一个角色使用无人机将他的手机举得足够高，以便在类似的情况下捕捉到信号，所以他拿出他的设备开始工作。A. standard标准；B. damage损坏；C. evidence证据；D. situation情况，困境。根据下文“a similar situation”可知，凯西立即对情况进行了评估。故选D项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯西立即对情况进行了评估，并想起了他最近看过的一部电影，在这部电影中，一个角色使用无人机将他的手机举得足够高，以便在类似的情况下捕捉到信号，所以他拿出他的设备开始工作。A. bird鸟；B. picture图片；C. signal信号；D. radiation 辐射。根据下文“Somewhere up there over the tall trees, it ___12___ a signal and whoosh!”可知，此处指使用无人机将手机举得足够高去捕捉信号。故选C项。 10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯西立即对情况进行了评估，并想起了他最近看过的一部电影，在这部电影中，一个角色使用无人机将他的手机举得足够高，以便在类似的情况下捕捉到信号，所以他拿出他的设备开始工作。A. put aside搁置；B. gave away泄露；C. pulled out拔出，拿出；D. broke up分解。根据下文“his device and got to work.”可知，他拿出他的设备开始工作。故选C项。 11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：首先，他把手机牢牢地绑在无人机上。A. securely安全地，牢固地；B. accidentally偶然地；C. freely自由地；D. dramatically显著地。根据上文“he attached his cell phone”可知，为了防止手机掉落，所以把手机牢牢地绑在无人机上。 故选A项。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在高高的树上方的某个地方，它接收到了一个信号。A. turned up调大；B. came up走近；C. spoke up大声说；D. picked up接收信号。根据下文“All of Casey’s texts were ___13____.”可知，接收到了一个信号。故选D项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：凯西所有的短信都发出去了。A. typed打字；B. hidden躲藏；C. delayed延期；D. sent发送。根据上文“Somewhere up there over the tall trees, it ___12___ a signal and whoosh!”可知，接收到了信号，所以短信都发出去了。故选D项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：谁知道呢，也许由于这位摄影师的实践，未来的无人机会有内置的应急功能。A. emergency紧急情况；B. camera照相机；C. lighting灯光；D. identity身份。根据上文“leaving both people in ____7____ with no cell phone service for miles around.”可知，二人都陷入了困境，所以是紧急情况，未来的无人机会有内置的应急功能。故选A项。 15. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：谁知道呢，也许由于这位摄影师的实践，未来的无人机会有内置的应急功能。A. consistent with与……一致；B. in case of以防；C. thanks to 多亏了，由于；D. depending on依靠。根据下文“this photographer’s practice”可知，由于这位摄影师的实践，未来的无人机会有内置的应急功能。故选C项。 Passage 5 （23-24高二下·江西抚州·期末）When searching for a science fair project, many children scratch (挠) their heads. They 1 to find ideas and give up easily. Yet, there are many 2 . Mesk Abdalsalam is one. When 3 her brother’s discomfort as he scratched the dry skin on his elbows, Mesk got 4 from it. Mesk realized that software could be a 5 to her brother and others when a doctor is 6 . Mesk, an upcoming 11th-grade student, was one of the 7 at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair (国际科学与工程大奖赛), where Mesk and others 8 software solutions to challenging problems. Living in Palestine, Mesk recognized it is extremely 9 to get a doctor’s appointment. It took nearly six months for her brother to see a doctor. 10 , those dry areas on his arms turned out to be eczema (湿疹). Motivated by the situation, Mesk took advantage of artificial intelligence to 11 the process. The 16-year-old student designed her innovative software to swiftly 12 skin conditions based on photographs. Her smartphone app, called Derma X, can diagnose diverse skin diseases. She 13 the software using over 50,000 publicly available pictures related to skin diseases. Due to the large database, the result of Derma X is 14 to a great extent. According to Mesk, the app is user-friendly, and it has been 15 by many including a doctor who thought highly of it. Derma X earned Mesk fourth place at he ISEF and a $500 prize. 1. A．offer B．promise C．struggle D．hurry 2. A．examples B．exceptions C．followers D．scientists 3. A．causing B．guessing C．expressing D．observing 4. A．permission B．trust C．support D．inspiration 5. A．helper B．mess C．disaster D．symbol 6. A．impatient B．unavailable C．thoughtless D．unkind 7. A．leaders B．organizers C．competitors D．guards 8. A．presented B．questioned C．replaced D．developed 9. A．expensive B．risky C．difficult D．common 10. A．Doubtfully B．Accidentally C．Instantly. D．Eventually 11. A．take down B．speed up C．stick to. D．watch for 12. A．improve B．control C．determine D．store 13. A．trained B．advertised C．named D．identified 14. A．readable/ B．reliable C．predictable D．changeable 15. A．fixed B．accepted C．guaranteed D．revised 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了巴勒斯坦即将升入11年级的学生Mesk Abdalsalam如何从一个日常观察中获得灵感，开发出一款创新的皮肤诊断软件Derma X，并在国际科学与工程博览会（ISEF）上获得第四名和500美元奖金的故事。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们努力寻找想法，很容易放弃。A. offer提供；B. promise承诺；C. struggle努力，挣扎；D. hurry赶快。根据上文“When searching for a science fair project, many children scratch (挠) their heads.”可知，在寻找科学展览项目时，他们在努力寻找方法。故选C。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，也有很多例外。A. examples例子；B. exceptions例外；C. followers追随者；D. scientists科学家。根据下文“Motivated by the situation, Mesk took advantage of artificial intelligence to ___11___ the process.”可知，Mesk在遇到困难时，没有放弃，而是积极寻找解决办法，因此她是个例外。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当梅斯克看到弟弟挠手肘上干燥的皮肤时感到不适时，她从中得到了灵感。A. causing引起；B. guessing猜测；C. expressing表达；D. observing观察。根据“her brother’s discomfort as he scratched the dry skin”可知，Mesk观察到弟弟挠手肘上干燥的皮肤。故选D。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. permission允许；B. trust信任；C. support支持；D. inspiration灵感，鼓舞。根据下文“Motivated by the situation,”可知，Mesk获得了灵感。故选D。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当医生不在场时，梅斯克意识到软件可以成为她弟弟和其他人的“助手”。A. helper助手，帮助者；B. mess混乱；C. disaster灾难；D. symbol象征，符号。根据下文“Her smartphone app, called Derma X, can diagnose diverse skin diseases.”可知，Mesk发明了一个软件做助手。故选A。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. impatient没有耐心的；B. unavailable难以获得的，不可用的；C. thoughtless欠考虑的；D. unkind不友善的。根据下文“It took nearly six months for her brother to see a doctor.”可知，此处指在找不到医生的情况下。故选B。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即将升入11年级的梅斯克是雷杰龙国际科学与工程博览会上的参赛者之一，在那里，梅斯克和其他人展示了针对各种挑战性问题的软件解决方案。A. leaders领导；B. organizers组织者；C. competitors竞争者；D. guards警卫。根据“at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair”可知，Mesk是参赛者之一。故选C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. presented展示，呈现；B. questioned质疑；C. replaced代替；D. developed发展。根据“software solutions to challenging problems.”可知，在比赛中，梅斯克和其他人展示了针对各种挑战性问题的软件解决方案。故选A。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：住在巴勒斯坦的梅斯克认识到，预约医生是极其困难的。A. expensive昂贵的；B. risky冒险的；C. difficult困难的；D. common普通的，普遍的。根据下文“It took nearly six months for her brother to see a doctor.”可知，预约医生很困难。故选C。 10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，他手臂上那些干燥的地方原来是湿疹。A. Doubtfully怀疑地；B. Accidentally偶然地；C. Instantly立刻，马上；D. Eventually最终。根据“those dry areas on his arms turned out to be eczema”可知，在看过医生之后，弟弟最终确诊为湿疹。故选D。 11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这种情况的激励下，梅斯克利用人工智能加快了这一过程。A. take down记下；B. speed up加速；C. stick to坚持；D. watch for监视，注意。根据“It took nearly six months for her brother to see a doctor.”可知，Mesk利用人工智能加速了确诊皮肤病的过程。故选B。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位16岁的学生设计了一款创新的软件，可以根据照片快速判断皮肤状况。A. improve提高，改善；B. control控制；C. determine决定，确定；D. store储存。根据“skin conditions based on photographs”可知，Mesk设计的软件可以根据照片快速确定皮肤状况。故选C。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她使用超过5万张与皮肤病相关的公开图片来训练软件。A. trained训练；B. advertised做广告；C. named给……命名；D. identified鉴定，识别。根据“using over 50,000 publicly available pictures related to skin diseases.”可知，Mesk使用超过5万张与皮肤病相关的公开图片来训练软。故选A。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于数据库庞大，Derma X的结果在很大程度上是可靠的。A. readable通俗易懂的；B. reliable可靠的；C. predictable可预测的；D. changeable多变的。根据“Her smartphone app, called Derma X, can diagnose diverse skin diseases.”和“Due to the large database”可知，Derma X的结果在很大程度上是可靠的。故选B。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅斯克表示，这款应用用户友好，很多人都接受了它，包括一位对它评价很高的医生。A. fixed修理；B. accepted接受；C. guaranteed保证；D. revised修改，复习。根据“by many including a doctor who thought highly of it.”可知，很多人都接受了这款应用。故选B。 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）Yang Haoran, born into a family of cotton farmers, spent his childhood playing in the cotton fields. He 1 how hard his parents had to work using conventional farming methods, as well as how automation has 2 productivity and saved labor. Having finished university, Yang became a 3 farmer himself. However, unlike his parents, his experience has been very 4 ; he manages over 200,000 square meters of cotton fields and always 5 new ways to improve efficiency through technological 6 . In 2018, he saw the great business 7 of using drones (无人机) in farming and established his own company, which 8 13 drone operators, all of whom are post-90s workers like Yang himself. “We are like a big family, with members from different ethnic groups,” Yang said 9 . In peak growing season, they move their 10 in a skillful way over the fields while in the off-season, they train local farmers to 11 drones. To date, Yang’s team has trained hundreds of local farmers. “This will enable them to 12 new technologies, allowing them to 13 the advances in modern agriculture,” he said. Yang’s 14 does not end there. He has recently taken up a precision (精准) farming project, which uses drones to collect data for spectral analysis (光谱分析), and transmit real-time data on crop growth and soil moisture to the irrigation and fertilizer equipment for precision 15 . 1. A．recalled B．witnessed C．blamed D．assumed 2. A．integrated B．tackled C．generated D．boosted 3. A．cotton B．rice C．wheat D．sorghum 4. A．visible B．different C．complex D．multiple 5. A．transforms B．handles C．seeks D．adjusts 6. A．presentation B．extension C．interaction D．innovation 7. A．concept B．potential C．theory D．framework 8. A．employs B．attains C．entertains D．promotes 9. A．firmly B．willingly C．proudly D．gently 10. A．machines B．drones C．pumps D．switches 11. A．operate B．launch C．display D．update 12. A．resist B．gather C．spread D．acquire 13. A．keep in mind B．be engaged in C．come down with D．keep up with 14. A．dream B．genius C．insight D．theory 15. A．communication B．industry C．agriculture D．tourism 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了杨皓然采用创新技术提高农业生产效率和节省劳动力。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他亲眼目睹了父母用传统的耕作方法辛苦劳作，以及自动化如何提高生产率和节省劳动力。A. recalled回想起；B. witnessed目击；C. blamed责备；D. assumed认为。根据上文“Yang Haoran, born into a family of cotton farmers, spent his childhood playing in the cotton fields.(杨皓然出生于棉农家庭，童年在棉田里玩耍)”可知，他出生在一个农民家庭，所以亲眼目睹了父母用传统的耕作方法辛苦劳作，故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他亲眼目睹了父母用传统的耕作方法辛苦劳作，以及自动化如何提高生产率和节省劳动力。A. integrated融合；B. tackled处理；C. generated产生；D. boosted促进，提高。根据后文“productivity and saved labor”以及常识，自动化可以提高生产率和节省劳动力。故选D。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学毕业后，杨自己成为了一名棉农。A. cotton棉花；B. rice大米；C. wheat小麦；D. sorghum高粱。根据上文“Yang Haoran, born into a family of cotton farmers, spent his childhood playing in the cotton fields.(杨皓然出生于棉农家庭，童年在棉田里玩耍)”以及后文“farmer himself”指杨自己成为了一名棉农。故选A。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，与他的父母不同，他的经历非常不同；他管理着20多万平方米的棉田，并不断寻求通过技术创新来提高效率的新方法。A. visible看得见的；B. different不同的；C. complex复杂的；D. multiple多个的。根据上文“unlike his parents”可知，他的农作方式和父母不同，即他的经历与父母不同。故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，与他的父母不同，他的经历非常不同；他管理着20多万平方米的棉田，并不断寻求通过技术创新来提高效率的新方法。A. transforms变换；B. handles处理；C. seeks寻找；D. adjusts调整。根据后文“new ways to improve efficiency”以及他采用无人机，可知他不断寻求通过技术创新来提高效率的新方法。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，与他的父母不同，他的经历非常不同；他管理着20多万平方米的棉田，并不断寻求通过技术创新来提高效率的新方法。A. presentation仪式；B. extension延伸；C. interaction互动；D. innovation创新。根据上文“improve efficiency through technological”以及后文采用无人机，可知是通过技术创新来提高效率。故选D。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年，他看到了无人机在农业上的巨大商业潜力，并成立了自己的公司，雇佣了13名无人机操作员，他们都是像他自己一样的90后。A. concept概念；B. potential潜能；C. theory理论；D. framework构架。根据后文“established his own company”以及下文他采用无人机农耕，可知是看到了商业潜力。故选B。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年，他看到了无人机在农业上的巨大商业潜力，并成立了自己的公司，雇佣了13名无人机操作员，他们都是像他自己一样的90后。A. employs采用，雇佣；B. attains获得；C. entertains使……有兴趣；D. promotes促进。根据上文“established his own company”和后文“13 drone operators, all of whom are post-90s workers like Yang himself”可知，他雇佣了13名无人机操作员。故选A。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我们就像一个大家庭，成员来自不同的民族，”杨自豪地说。A. firmly坚定地；B. willingly乐意地；C. proudly骄傲地；D. gently温和地。根据上文“We are like a big family, with members from different ethnic groups”可知，他为他们这个大团体感到骄傲。故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在生长旺季，他们以熟练的方式在田野上移动无人机，而在淡季，他们培训当地农民操作无人机。A. machines机器；B. drones无人机；C. pumps泵；D. switches开关。呼应上文“13 drone operators”可知，旺季他们使用无人机来农耕。故选B。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在生长旺季，他们以熟练的方式在田野上移动无人机，而在淡季，他们培训当地农民操作无人机。A. operate操作；B. launch启动；C. display展示；D. update更新。根据后文“To date, Yang’s team has trained hundreds of local farmers.(迄今为止，杨的团队已经培训了数百名当地农民)”可知，他们培训当地农民操作无人机。故选A。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这将使他们能够获得新技术，使他们能够跟上现代农业的进步。”A. resist抵抗；B. gather聚集；C. spread传播；D. acquire获得。根据上文“To date, Yang’s team has trained hundreds of local farmers.(迄今为止，杨的团队已经培训了数百名当地农民)”以及后文“new technologies”可知，培训农民是为了使他们能够获得新技术，故选D。 13. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“这将使他们能够获得新技术，使他们能够跟上现代农业的进步。”A. keep in mind记住；B. be engaged in从事；C. come down with患病；D. keep up with跟上。根据后文“the advances in modern agriculture”可知，培训农民是为了使他们能够获得新技术，跟上现代农业的进步。故选D。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：杨的梦想并没有就此结束。A. dream梦想；B. genius天才；C. insight洞察力；D. theory理论。上文提到杨培训农民是为了使他们能够获得新技术跟上现代农业的进步，即这是他的梦想。故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他最近开始了一个精准农业项目，利用无人机收集数据进行光谱分析，并将作物生长和土壤湿度的实时数据传输给精准农业的灌溉和施肥设备。A. communication交流；B. industry工业；C. agriculture农业；D. tourism旅游。根据上文“He has recently taken up a precision farming project”可知，这个项目主要是关于精准农业的，farming对应C选项agriculture。故选C。 Passage 7 （2023·辽宁大连·三模）Twin sisters Hadley and Delaney Robertson were both found to suffer from scoliosis (脊柱侧凸) at age 12. Delaney’s scoliosis required no 1 , but Hadley’s spine curve (脊柱弯曲) was serious. To 2 the rapid progression, she was under the doctor’s 3 to wear a back brace (支架) for 18 hours a day. If Hadley need to 4 take off her brace, she should wear it for extra hours another day to 5 lost time. “One thing about that I found really 6 was figuring out how to track the 7 of my wearing,” Hadley said. “I tried 8 things. A notepad, a whiteboard and some other tools. And I even 9 to look for an app with such function, but there really wasn’t anything so we decided to 10 an app ourselves.” The twins had no 11 of developing an app although they were enthusiastic about computer science. They just jumped in and then worked with an app developer to 12 they had everything they needed to get the app into app stores, and the new invention— Bracetrack was officially introduced to the public in May. The app had around 500 active users within a week for its perfect 13 . According to the American association of neurological surgeons, scoliosis affects 2-3% of the population, 14 6-9 million people. Currently, Bracetrack has a 4.9 out of 5-star rating on Apple’s app store with tons of positive reviews. Hadley said, “Their reviews on the app made us 15 . People said they are glad that they can record how long they wear the brace more conveniently.” 1. A．test B．surgery C．attention D．treatment 2. A．cultivate B．assess C．slow D．predict 3. A．help B．instructions C．influence D．control 4. A．flexibly B．frequently C．accidentally D．slightly 5. A．make up for B．give way to C．take advantage of D．do away with 6. A．original B．meaningful C．tough D．urgent 7. A．progress B．length C．condition D．expense 8. A．various B．vital C．similar D．traditional 9. A．preferred B．failed C．managed D．attempted 10. A．employ B．afford C．select D．build 11. A．practice B．expectation C．approval D．possibility 12. A．indicate B．prove C．guarantee D．promise 13. A．comments B．innovations C．functions D．preparations 14. A．roughly B．apparently C．permanently D．instantly 15. A．refreshed B．amazed C．awful D．anxious 【答案】 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对患有脊柱侧凸的双胞胎姐妹开发了一款应用程序，可以更方便地记录佩戴时长。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：德莱尼的脊柱侧弯不需要治疗，但哈德利的脊柱弯曲很严重。A. test测试；B. surgery外科手术；C. attention关注；D. treatment治疗。根据下文“but Hadley’s spine curve (脊柱弯曲) was serious.”可知，德莱尼和哈德利的脊柱侧弯情况正好相反，所以德莱尼的脊柱侧弯应该是不需要治疗。故选D。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减缓病情的迅速恶化，医生要求她每天18个小时都要戴背托。A. cultivate培养；B. assess评价；C. slow减缓；D. predict预测。根据下文“the rapid progression”可知，佩戴背托应该是为了减缓病情的迅速恶化。故选C。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A. help帮助；B. instructions指示；C. influence影响；D. control控制。根据上文“under the doctor’s”可知，这里应该是指在医生的指示下佩戴背托矫正设备。故选B。 4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果哈德利需要稍微取下护具，她应该每天多戴几个小时，以弥补失去的时间。A. flexibly灵活地；B. frequently频繁地；C. accidentally意外地；D. slightly稍微地。根据下文“she should wear it for extra hours”可知，这里应该是因为稍微取下了一会儿护具，就要多佩戴几个小时才能达到效果。故选D。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第4题详解。A. make up for弥补；B. give way to让路；C. take advantage of利用；D. do away with废除。根据上文“she was under the doctor’s 　　3　　 to wear a back brace(支架) for 18 hours a day.”可知，医生要求哈德利每天要戴18个小时背托，所以如果稍微取下了一会儿，需要多戴几个小时，是为了弥补失去的时间。故选A。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈德利说：“我发现真正困难的一件事是如何追踪我戴着的时间长度。”A. original最初的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. tough困难的；D. urgent紧急的。根据下文“I tried 　　8　　 things. A notepad, a whiteboard and some other tools. And I even 　　9　　 to look for an app with such function, but there really wasn’t anything so we decided to 　　10　　 an app ourselves.”可知，哈德利尝试了各种各样的东西来追踪穿着的时长，说明这是很困难的事情。故选C。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. progress进步；B. length长度；C. condition条件；D. expense花费。根据下文“People said they are glad that they can record how long they wear the brace more conveniently.”可知，哈德利是要追踪她穿护具的时间长度。故选B。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我尝试了各种各样的东西。A. various各种各样的；B. vital重要的；C. similar相似的；D. traditional传统的。根据下文“A notepad, a whiteboard and some other tools.”可知，她尝试了各种东西。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我甚至试图寻找一个具有这种功能的应用程序，但确实没有任何东西，所以我们决定自己开发一个应用程序。A. preferred偏爱；B. failed失败；C. managed设法做到；D. attempted尝试。根据上文“I tried 　　8　　 things.”可知，这里指她先是尝试寻找一个具有这种功能的应用程序。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。A. employ雇用；B. afford买得起；C. select选择；D. build建造，开发。根据下文“developing an app”可知，她们决定自己开发一个应用程序来记录佩戴时间。故选D。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管这对双胞胎对计算机科学充满热情，但她们从未开发过应用程序。A. practice练习，实践；B. expectation期待；C. approval支持；D. possibility可能性。根据下文“They then worked with an app developer”可知，她们没有开发应用程序的实践经验。故选A。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他们与应用开发者合作，确保他们拥有将应用投放到应用商店所需的一切，并于5月正式向公众推出。A. indicate表明；B. prove证明；C. guarantee保证；D. promise承诺。根据下文“they had everything they needed to place the app into app stores”可知，这里指要确保她们有所需的一切东西。故选C。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该应用程序的完美功能在一周内拥有约500名活跃用户。A. comments评论；B. innovations创新；C. functions功能；D. preparations准备。根据上文“And I even 　　9　　 to look for an app with such function, but there really wasn’t anything so we decided to 　　10　　 an app ourselves.”可知，她们设计的新程序就是为了能够有跟踪记录佩戴时间长度这一功能。故选C。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：根据美国神经外科医生协会的数据，脊柱侧弯影响了2-3%的人口，大约有60-90万人。A. roughly大约；B. apparently明显地；C. permanently永久地；D. instantly立刻。根据上文“affects 2-3% of the population”可知，2-3%的人口，应该大约是60-90万人。故选A。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在应用程序上的评论让我们感到惊讶。A. refreshed神清气爽的；B. amazed吃惊的；C. awful可怕的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据上文“Currently, Bracetrack has a 4.9 out of 5-star rating on Apple’s app store with tons of positive reviews.”可知，网络上的评论分数很高，所以应该是让她们很吃惊。故选B。 Passage 8 （23-24高二下·江西宜春·期中）Why are younger age group so much more willing to post an offensive message on social media? Why aren’t we changing the 1 in the actual cyberbully (网络欺凌)? That’s when I had a idea What if I gave them a chance to 2 what they were doing? If an adolescent 3 to post an offensive message on social media, and if I went, “Whoa! Hold on. You’re about to shoot an offensive message to someone. That can really 4 them. Are you sure you want to post this message?”, would they still be 5 to do it? So early this year, using my science and technology skills, I 6 a software system. And basically, they were able to compare whether a caution which caused adolescents to consider what they were doing actually reduce their 7 to post offensive messages. In the end, I was able to get 1,500 8 trials of data. 93% of the time when adolescents 9 a caution that says, “Whoa! You’re about to post an offensive message”, they finally 10 their mind. I was able to 11 the willingness to post offensive messages from 71.4% to 4.6%. Now, the app Rethink has become widely popular. I also currently hold a patent for this 12 idea. According to the data, Rethink has 13 that, in those seconds, when you decide whether or not you’re going to hit “post”, the 14 of the seconds means so much in the future. So, I encourage all of you: rethink before the damage is done. We need to slow down, 15 , and consider what we’re doing. 1. A．value B．attention C．behavior D．interest 2. A．complain about B．think about C．focus on D．comment on 3. A．arranged B．refused C．managed D．attempted 4. A．sacrifice B．motivate C．hurt D．confuse 5. A．stubborn B．willing C．ashamed D．warm-hearted 6. A．acquired B．invested C．approved D．created 7. A．intention B．strength C．desire D．courage 8. A．unique B．academic C．complicated D．effective 9. A．ignore B．send C．receive D．post 10. A．lost B．changed C．kept D．set 11. A．challenge B．adjust C．betray D．decrease 12. A．ridiculous B．shallow C．fantastic D．conflicting 13. A．proven B．guaranteed C．assumed D．known 14. A．imagination B．flash C．inspiration D．stimulation 15. A．struggle B．hesitate C．pause D．decline 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者为了反对网络欺凌而创建了应用程序Rethink，受到了人们欢迎。作者鼓励所有人：在造成伤害之前重新考虑一下，同时告诉我们要放慢脚步，暂停一下，然后考虑一下我们在做什么。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么我们不改变现实中网络暴力的行为呢？A. value价值； B. attention注意力；C. behavior行为；D. interest兴趣。根据上文“post an offensive message on social media”提到在社交媒体上发布冒犯性的信息，以及下文“in the actual cyberbully （网络欺凌）”由此可知，此处指现实中网络暴力的行为。故选C。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我给他们一个机会去思考他们在做什么呢？A. complain about抱怨；B. think about思考；C. focus on集中于；D. comment on评价。由下文“caused adolescents to consider what they were doing”可知，此处指思考他们在做什么。故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个青少年试图在社交媒体上发布攻击性的信息，而我说，“哇！等一下。你要对某人发出攻击性的信息。那会伤害到他们的。你确定要发布这条信息吗？”，他们还愿意这么做吗？A. arranged安排；B. refused拒绝；C. managed管理； D. attempted尝试。根据句意以及下文“to post an offensive message on social media, and if I went, “Whoa! Hold on.”可知，此处指如果一个青少年试图在社交媒体上发布攻击性的信息。故选D。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那会伤害到他们的。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. motivate刺激；C. hurt伤害；D. confuse使困惑。根据上文“an offensive message to someone”可知，对某人发出攻击性的信息，会伤害到他们。故选C。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你确定要发布这条信息吗？”，他们还愿意这么做吗？A. reluctant勉强的，不愿意的；B. willing乐意的，愿意的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. warm - hearted 热心的。由上文“Are you sure you want to post this message ?”和下文“the willingness to post offensive messages”可知，如果一个青少年试图在社交媒体上发布攻击性的信息。你告诉他这会对他人造成伤害，那么他还愿意去这么做吗。故选B。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以今年早些时候，利用我的科学技术技能，我创建了一个软件系统。A. acquired获得；B. invested投资；C. approved允许；D. created制作；创建。根据上文“using my science and technology skills”以及下文“a software system”由此可知，此处应表示作者创建了一个软件系统。故选D。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：基本上，他们可以比较一下，让青少年思考他们正在做什么的警告是否真的降低了他们发布攻击性信息的意图。A. intention意图；B. strength力量；C. desire渴望；D. courage勇气。根据上文“Are you sure you want to post this message?”可知，青少年想在网上发布攻击性信息，即他们发布攻击性信息的意图。故选A。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我得到了1500个有效的数据试验。A. unique独一无二的；B. academic学术的；C. complicated复杂的；D. effective有效的。由上文“get 1,500”和下文数据证明在收到警告后，93％人最终改变主意了，可知，此处指作者得到了1500个有效的数据试验。故选D。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当青少年收到这样的警告：“哇！你要发布一条攻击性的信息”时，他们中的93％人最终改变主意了。A. ignore忽视；B. send发送；C. receive收到；D. post发布。根据下文“a caution that says, “Whoa! You’re about to post an offensive message””和下文“the willingness to post offensive messages from 71.4% to 4.6%.”可知，此处指青少年收到这样的警告：“哇！你要发布一条攻击性的信息”后，有些人会停止发送攻击性信息。故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当青少年收到这样的警告：“哇！你要发布一条攻击性的信息”时，他们中的93％人最终改变主意了。A. lost丢失；B. changed改变；C. kept保持；D. set 设置。根据上文“Whoa ! You ' re about to post an offensive message”和“finally”可知，在收到警告时，他们最终改变了主意。故选B。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能够将发布攻击性信息的意愿从71.4％降低到4.6%。A. challenge挑战；B. adjust调整；C. betray背叛；D. decrease减少。由下文“from 71.4% to 4.6%.”可知，此处指将发布攻击性信息的意愿从71.4％降低到4.6%。故选D。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我目前还持有这个极好想法的专利。A. ridiculous可笑的； B. shallow浅的；C. fantastic极好的；D. conflicting冲突的。由上文“I was able to 　　11　　 the willingness to post offensive messages from 71.4% to 4.6%.”可知，该软件将发布攻击性信息的意愿降低了，由此可知，这是一个极好的想法，故选C。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据数据，Rethink已证明，在你决定是否要点击“发布”的那几秒中，这几秒的顿悟在未来意义重大。A. proven证明；B. guaranteed保证；C. assumed 认为；假设；D. known知道。根据下文“in those seconds, when you decide whether or not you’re going to hit “post”, the 　　14　　 of the seconds means so much in the future.”可知，在你决定是否要发布攻击性信息的那几秒中的顿悟是意义重大的，这是 Rethink 已经证明的事情。故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据数据，Rethink 已经证明，在你决定是否要点击“发布”的那几秒中，这几秒的顿悟在未来意义重大。A. imagination想象；B. flash顿悟，突然理解，闪现；C. inspiration灵感；D. stimulation刺激。根据下文“of the seconds means so much in the future”可知，此处指这几秒的顿悟，即决定不发送攻击性信息，意义重大。故选B。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要放慢脚步，暂停一下，考虑一下我们在做什么。A. struggle挣扎；B. hesitate犹豫；C. pause暂停；D. decline 拒绝。根据上文“We need to slow down”可知，我们需要先放慢脚步，然后暂停一下，接着考虑我们所做的事。故选C。 Passage 9 （23-24高二下·河北石家庄·期中）Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT. She is conducting her research on brain diseases that 1 the minds of millions of people worldwide. Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 2 . Her courage as a researcher comes from her 3 , who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by 4 to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father 5 her interest in engineering. Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his 6 , fashioning devices to make home life more 7 , including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very 8 in science and technology.” Sarkar says. After 9 a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar 10 California to study nanoclectronics. There, she tested new ways to 11 nanodevices that could reduce the amount of 12 consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. 13 , she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice. Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the 14 , which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains. “Our brains are 15 , but we could be better than what we are.” she says. 1. A．enrich B．read C．affect D．poison 2. A．birds B．researchers C．failures D．inspirations 3. A．aunt B．mother C．sister D．grandmother 4. A．working B．pretending C．refusing D．waiting 5. A．protected B．switched C．stimulated D．supported 6. A．job B．holiday C．discomfort D．passion 7. A．complex B．convenient C．peaceful D．meaningful 8. A．interested B．honest C．lucky D．disappointed 9. A．starting B．carning C．needing D．introducing 10. A．adapted to B．related to C．headed to D．belonged to 11. A．create B．fix C．operate D．sell 12. A．water B．money C．power D．time 13. A．Unfortunately B．Immediately C．Obviously D．Eventually 14. A．computer B．brain C．exercise D．fashion 15. A．empty B．busy C．relaxed D．remarkable 【答案】 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是纳米技术专家萨卡尔的成长经历以及所取得的成就。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她正在研究影响全世界数百万人思想的脑部疾病。A. enrich使丰富；B. read阅读；C. affect影响；D. poison毒害。根据常识和下文中的“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知，她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间，以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度，由此可推断，她现在从事的研究应该会“影响”全世界数百万人思维的大脑疾病。故选C项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔出生于印度加尔各答，她认为父母是她早年的灵感来源。A. birds鸟；B. researchers研究者；C. failures失败；D. inspirations灵感。根据下文中的“Her courage as a researcher comes from her ____3____ , who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by ____4____ to fund her own education.”以及“Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father ____5____ her interest in engineering.”可知，她母亲打破常规为她提供教育基金，而她的父亲让她对工程学产生兴趣，由此可推断，此处指的是她认为她早年的“灵感”源自于父母。故选D项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自于她的母亲，她年轻时违背了她所在村庄的社会规范，努力为自己的教育提供资金。A. aunt姑妈；B. mother母亲；C. sister姐妹；D. grandmother祖母。根据上文中的“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early  ____2____ .” 可知，她认为她早年的灵感源自于父母，结合下文中的“who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by ____4____ to fund her own education.”可知，此处介绍的是意为女性，由此可知，此处指的是她作为研究人员的勇气来与她的“母亲”符合语境。故选B项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自于她的母亲，她年轻时违背了她所在村庄的社会规范，努力为自己的教育提供资金。A. working工作；B. pretending假装；C. refusing拒绝；D. waiting等待。根据下文中的“to fund her own education.”可知，母亲要为她获取教育基金，所以此处指的是“工作”符合语境。故选A项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，萨卡尔的父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣。A. protected保护；B. switched改变，转变；C. stimulated刺激；D. supported支持。根据上文中的“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early ____2____ .”可知，她认为她早年的灵感源自于父母，所以此处应指的是她的父亲“激发”了她对工程学的兴趣。故选C项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔回忆说，她的父亲为自己的爱好腾出时间，设计各种设备，使家庭生活更方便，包括一台无电洗衣机。A. job工作；B. holiday假期；C. discomfort不适；D. passion激情。根据上文中的“Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father ____5____ her interest in engineering.”可知，父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣，所以此处指的是萨卡尔回忆父亲是如何让她对工程学产生兴趣的，所以此处指的是“爱好”符合语境。故选D项。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔回忆说，她的父亲为自己的激情找时间，设计各种设备，使家庭生活更方便，包括一台无电洗衣机。A. complex复杂的；B. convenient方便的；C. peaceful平静的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据下文中的“including an electricity-free washing machine.”可知，父亲设计了很多设备，包括一台误点洗衣机，由此可推断，此处指的是设计的这些设备能是家庭生活“方便”。故选B项。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这让我对科学技术产生了浓厚的兴趣。”Sarkar说。A. interested感兴趣的；B. honest诚实的；C. lucky幸运的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文中的“Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father ____5____ her interest in engineering.”可知，父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣，所以此处指的是萨卡尔回忆父亲是如何让她对工程学 “感兴趣的”。故选A项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔从印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，前往加州学习纳米电子学。A. starting开始；B. earning获得；C. needing需要；D. introducing介绍。根据常识和下文中的“Sarkar ____10____ California to study nanoclectronics.”可知，萨卡尔去加州学习纳米电子学，由此可推断，萨卡尔应该是从印度理工学院“获得”电气工程学士学位后。故选B项。 10. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔从印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，前往加州学习纳米电子学。A. adapted to适应；B. related to相关；C. headed to朝……前进；D. belonged to属于。根据上文中的“After  ____9____  a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad,”可知，萨卡尔在印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，结合下文中的“California to study nanoclectronics.”可知，她去了加州学习纳米电子学，所以此处应为“前往”符合语境。故选C项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她测试了制造纳米器件的新方法，这些纳米器件可以减少计算机和其它日常电子产品的耗电量。A. create创造；B. fix修理；C. operate操作；D. sell售卖。根据上文中的“There, she tested new ways”可知，萨卡尔在加州测试新方法，由此可推断，此处应为“制造”纳米器件，符合语境。故选A项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她测试了制造纳米器件的新方法，这些纳米器件可以减少计算机和其它日常电子产品的耗电量。A. water水；B. money金钱；C. power电；D. time时间。根据常识和下文中的“consumed by computers and other everyday electronics.”可知，电脑和其他的电子产品应该是耗电的，所以此处指的是制造出可以减少计算机和其他日常电子产品的消耗的“电”量。故选C项。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，她通过开发一种出色的纳米器件取得了突破。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Immediately立刻；C. Obviously显而易见地；D. Eventually最终。根据语境以及下文中的“she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.”可知，她开发了一种出色的纳米器件取得了突破，由此可知，此处应是经过不懈努力后，“最终”取得突破。故选D项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在此过程中，萨卡尔开始对大脑着迷，她称之为“最低能量的计算机”。A. computer电脑；B. brain大脑；C. exercise练习；D. fashion时尚。根据下文中的“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知，她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间，以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度，以及空后的“which she calls “the lowest energy computer””可知，被成为“最低能量的计算机”应该是大脑，所以，此处指的是她开始对“大脑”感兴趣。故选B项。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们的大脑是非凡的，但我们可以做得更好。”她说。A. empty空的；B. busy忙的；C. relaxed放松的；D. remarkable非凡的。根据常识和下文中的“but we could be better than what we are.”可知，我们可以比我们现在做的更好，由此可知，我们的大脑应是“非凡的”符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 10 （2024·江西·二模）Alexander Graham Bell hated spending summertime in Washington, DC． He usually 1 to his farm in Nova Scotia, but one year he had to stay in the capital. “Why humans have 2 how to warm a house but not how to cool one — until now,” he wondered, and in 1872, he 3 a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃. When 69-year-old Bell told that 4 in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School, the students went 5 . The clapping lasted so long that he was 6 to say something more surprising. “Could postage stamps be used in 7 of persons?” asked Bell, who had thought of 8 a low price for public transport, but the cost of building additional roads was too high. “Perhaps, the flying machine will be the 9 .” In the speech, Bell also 10 on a century of progress and looked ahead with remarkable foresight. In the reflection, he was amazed by the 11 made in the past century: Gas lighting had evolved into electric bulbs and automobiles 12 horse-drawn vehicles. He then went on to 13 the commercial airplane, solar panels, and the 14 for renewable resources. Gilbert Grosvenor, the editor of National Geographic magazine, asked for the 15 and published a revised version in the February issue. Now, more than one hundred years later, Bell’s predictions still remain prescient (预见性的). 1. A．wandered B．escaped C．flew D．applied 2. A．agreed on B．insisted on C．figured out D．ruled out 3. A．designed B．bought C．saw D．borrowed 4. A．accident B．loss C．problem D．story 5. A．wild B．hungry C．disappointed D．silent 6. A．allowed B．forced C．paid D．chosen 7. A．favor B．memory C．transportation D．case 8. A．cutting B．raising C．avoiding D．charging 9. A．pollution B．solution C．discovery D．issue 10. A．relied B．switched C．reflected D．called 11. A．profits B．advances C．materials D．failures 12. A．replaced B．destroyed C．attacked D．missed 13. A．sell B．rent C．invent D．predict 14. A．deadline B．competition C．need D．balance 15. A．text B．book C．contract D．interview 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Alexander Graham Bell于1872 年，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃，1917年他69 岁，在麦金利手工培训学校毕业班的演讲中预测到了未来人们会用商用飞机、太阳能电池板以及对可再生资源有需求。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他通常会逃到新斯科舍省的农场，但有一年他不得不留在首都。A. wandered漫游；B. escaped逃跑；C. flew飞；D. applied应用。由下文“but one year he had to stay in the capital.”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，他通常会逃到新斯科舍省的农场，但是有一年他不得不留在首都。故选B。 2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“为什么人类已经知道了如何给房子取暖，直到现在却不知道如何给房子降温，”他想知道，1872 年，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。A. agreed on就……同意；B. insisted on坚持；C. figured out解决；D. ruled out排除在外。由上文“how to warm a house but not how to cool one”可知，人类已经解决了如何给房子取暖这个问题。故选C。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“为什么人类已经知道了如何给房子取暖，直到现在却不知道如何给房子降温，”他想知道，1872 年，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。A. designed设计；B. bought买；C. saw看见；D. borrowed借。由下文“a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃.”可知，他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当69岁的贝尔在对麦金利手工培训学校1917年毕业班的演讲中讲述这个故事时，学生们变得非常兴奋。A. accident事故；B. loss损失；C. problem问题；D. story故事。由上文“When 69-year-old Bell told that”可知，Bell讲述自己设计一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃的故事。故选D。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当69岁的贝尔在对麦金利手工培训学校1917年毕业班的演讲中讲述这个故事时，学生们变得非常兴奋。A. wild感情强烈的（尤指生气、高兴或激动）；B. hungry饥饿的；C. disappointed失望的；D. silent沉默的。由下文“The clapping lasted so long”可知，当Bell讲述自己设计一种冷空气产生装置的故事时，学生们都给他鼓掌，这说明学生们在听到这个事情后很兴奋，go wild意为“变得非常喧闹和兴奋”。故选A。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：掌声持续了太久，他被迫说出了一些更令人惊讶的话。A. allowed允许；B. forced迫使；C. paid支付；D. chosen选择。由上文“The clapping lasted so long that he”可知，学生太热情了，这迫使他说出了一些令人惊讶的话。故选B。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“邮票能用于人员运输吗？”贝尔问道，他曾想过降低公共交通的费用，但修建额外道路的成本太高了。A. favor偏爱；B. memory记忆；C. transportation运输；D. case案件。由上文“Could postage stamps be used in”可知，此处指贝尔问道，邮票是否能用于人员运输。故选C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“邮票能用于人员运输吗？”贝尔问道，他曾想过降低公共交通的费用，但修建额外道路的成本太高了。A. cutting切；B. raising提高；C. avoiding避免；D. charging收费。由下文“a low price for public transport”可知，公共交通的收费。故选D。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许，飞行器就是解决方案。A. pollution人口；B. solution解决方法；C. discovery发现；D. issue问题。上文提到修建额外道路的成本太高这一问题，结合上文“Perhaps, the flying machine will be the”可知，针对这一问题的解决方案是飞行器。故选B。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝尔在演讲中还回顾了一个世纪的进步，并以卓越的远见卓识展望未来。A. relied依靠，依赖；B. switched交换；C. reflected反应；D. called打电话。reflect on固定搭配，意为“回忆；回顾”，由下文“In the reflection”可知，他还回顾了一个世纪的进步。故选C。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在回顾中，他对过去一个世纪的进步感到惊讶：煤气灯演变成电灯泡，汽车取代了马车。A. profits利润；B. advances进步；C. materials材料；D. failures失败的人或事。由上文“on a century of progress”可知，他回顾了过去一个世纪的进步，为过去一个世纪的进步感到惊讶。故选B。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在回顾中，他对过去一个世纪的进步感到惊讶：煤气灯演变成电灯泡，汽车取代了马车。A. replaced代替；B. destroyed毁坏；C. attacked攻击；D. missed错过。由下文“horse-drawn vehicles.”和常识可知，随着科技的进步，汽车取代了马车。故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他继续预测商用飞机、太阳能电池板和对可再生资源的需求。A. sell卖；B. rent租用；C. invent发明；D. predict预测。由下文“Now, more than one hundred years later, Bell’s predictions still remain prescient”可知，此处是同词复现，指的是他预测到了未来人们会用商用飞机、太阳能电池板以及对可再生资源有需求。故选D。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他继续预测商用飞机、太阳能电池板和对可再生资源的需求。A. deadline截止日期；B. competition竞赛；C. need需求；D. balance平衡。由下文“for renewable resources.”和常识可知，人们对可再资源是有需求的。故选C。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：《国家地理》杂志主编吉尔伯特·格罗夫纳 (Gilbert Grosvenor) 索要了该文本，并在二月刊上发表了修改版。A. text文本；B. book书；C. contract合同；D. interview采访，面试。根据第三段中“When 69-year-old Bell told that ____4___ in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School”可知，此处指贝尔在1917年发表演讲的文本。故选A。 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）Meghana first found her passion in middle school when she successfully created water filters (过滤器) to help Indian families struggling with waterborne (水传播的) illnesses. She 1 the opportunity to be able to help people and improve their life. Ever since she was in middle school, Meghana has been quite interested in 2 research. Her first inventions were water filters, which she was inspired to 3 after hearing about rural communities 4 the waterborne illnesses. Her latest invention, electrodes (电极) for supercapacitors (超级电容器), is also 5 to environmental science and is part of her interest in the field. The 6 , filled with trial and error, hasn’t been 7 . Through ten months of research, Meghana was able to create an electrode. This creation, costing less than $1, was very 8 friendly. Meghana has used her knowledge to help others who are also 9 about science. Following the success of her science fair projects, many science students connected with her, wanting her help on their research projects. Soon, lots of 10 came seeking help, and Meghana couldn’t 11 all of them. 12 , Meghana still wanted to help as many people as possible. She 13 a ScienceFair Workshop Series program at her high school. Not only does the program help encourage students interested in science to participate in science fair projects, it also helps form a positive community where students can ask one another questions. Bringing the program to her school is just one step towards her 14 changing the world through education. She is concerned about how difficult it is for people who have trouble 15 education resources. “A good education allows people to think creatively, which eventually leads to development around the world,” said Meghana. 1. A．misunderstood B．loved C．doubted D．abandoned 2. A．social B．industrial C．medical D．scientific 3. A．make B．require C．repair D．evaluate 4. A．overlooking B．directing C．facing D．replacing 5. A．related B．adapted C．compared D．opposed 6. A．record B．examination C．process D．appeal 7. A．original B．complex C．similar D．easy 8. A．chemically B．economically C．culturally D．historically 9. A．nervous B．embarrassed C．upset D．curious 10. A．requests B．habits C．warnings D．standards 11. A．give away B．call on C．reply to D．depend on 12. A．However B．Instead C．Otherwise D．Also 13. A．envied B．bothered C．approved D．started 14. A．impression on B．commitment to C．independence of D．reference to 15. A．supplying B．commenting C．accessing D．removing 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Meghana从中学起就对科学研究感兴趣，发明了很多东西帮助别人，也利用自己的知识帮助那些对科学感兴趣的人，并在学校开办科学博览研讨会以帮助更多的人。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢有机会帮助别人，改善他们的生活。A. misunderstood误解；B. loved喜欢；C. doubted怀疑；D. abandoned遗弃。根据空后“to be able to help people and improve their life”以及下文“Her first inventions were water filters…”和“Her latest invention…”提及她的很多发明可知，她喜欢帮助别人，改善别人的生活，故选B。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从中学开始，Meghana就对科学研究非常感兴趣。A. social社会的；B. industrial工业的；C. medical医疗的；D. scientific科学的。根据下文“Her first inventions were water filters…”和“Her latest invention…”以及“Following the success of her science fair projects”可知，她发明了很多东西，故此处指对科学研究感兴趣，故选D。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的第一个发明是水过滤器，这是她听到农村社区面临水传播疾病后的灵感。A. make制作；B. require要求，需要；C. repair修理；D. evaluate评价，评估。which指代先行词Her first inventions，make inventions“发明”，固定短语，故选A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. overlooking忽视；B. directing指导，指挥；C. facing面临，面对；D. replacing替代。根据第一段中“she successfully created water filters (过滤器) to help Indian families struggling with waterborne (水传播的) illnesses (她成功地创造了过滤器，帮助印度家庭与水传播疾病作斗争)”可知，她发明过滤器帮助印度家庭与水传播的疾病作斗争，说明农村社区面临水传播的疾病问题，她由此产生灵感，故选C。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的最新发明——超级电容器的电极——也与环境科学有关，也是她对该领域感兴趣的一部分。A. related联系；B. adapted适应；C. compared比较；D. opposed反对。此处指“与环境科学有关”，be related to“和……有关”，固定短语，故选A。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个过程充满了尝试和错误，并不容易。A. record记录；B. examination检查，考试；C. process过程；D. appeal上诉，呼吁。根据“filled with trial and error”以及“Through ten months of research”可知，本段是描述她的发明过程，故选C。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. original原来的；B. complex复杂的；C. similar类似的；D. easy容易的。根据“filled with trial and error”可知，发明过程充满了尝试和错误，并不容易，故选D。 8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个产品的成本不到1美元，非常经济。A. chemically化学上；B. economically在经济上；C. culturally文化上；D. historically历史上地。根据“costing less than $1”可知，该产品非常经济实惠，故选B。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Meghana用她的知识帮助其他对科学感兴趣的人。A. nervous紧张的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. upset难过的，沮丧的；D. curious好奇的。结合空前的“also”以及下文“many science students connected with her”可知，Meghana中学时就对科学研究感兴趣，她用她的知识帮助其他也对科学感兴趣的人，be curious about“对……好奇”，故选D。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，很多寻求帮助的请求来了，而Meghana无法回复所有的请求。A. requests要求，请求；B. habits习惯；C. warnings警告；D. standards标准。根据上文“many science students connected with her, wanting her help on their research projects (许多理科生与她联系，希望她帮助他们的研究项目)”以及空后“seeking help”可知，很多人请求她的帮助，故选A。 11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. give away捐赠；B. call on呼吁；C. reply to答复，回复；D. depend on依靠。根据上文“lots of ____10____ came seeking help”可知，很多人请求帮助，此处指他无法回复所有的请求，故选C。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Meghana仍然想帮助尽可能多的人。A. However然而；B. Instead相反；C. Otherwise否则；D. Also而且，此外。上文“Meghana couldn’t ____11____ all of them”提到她无法回复所有人，与下文“Meghana still wanted to help as many people as possible”之间是转折关系，故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在高中开始了一个科学博览会研讨会系列项目。A. envied嫉妒，羡慕；B. bothered打扰；C. approved赞成；D. started开始。结合上文“Meghana still wanted to help as many people as possible.”以及下文“a ScienceFair Workshop Series program at her high school”可知，她仍然想帮助尽可能多的人，所以开始了一个科学博览会研讨会系列项目，故选D。 14. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：把这个项目带到她的学校只是她致力于通过教育改变世界的一步。A. impression on对……的印象；B. commitment to对……的承诺，投入，献身；C. independence of依靠；D. reference to参考，关于。结合第一段中“She ____1____ the opportunity to be able to help people and improve their life.”可知，她喜欢帮助别人，改善别人的生活，也发明了很多东西帮助别人，故此处指致力于通过教育改变世界，故选B。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她担心那些难以获得教育资源的人会有多么困难。A. supplying供应；B. commenting评论；C. accessing访问，进入，到达；D. removing移除。结合“ how difficult it is”可知，应是难以获得教育资源的人处境艰难，故选C。 Passage 12 （23-24高二下·浙江·期中）Ralph Street loves maps. Appropriately (相称) for someone with his surname, he studied geography and town planning. And well before that, his parents 1 took him out orienteering (定向运动). “I don’t really remember a time before orienteering,” Street 2 . “My parents took me orienteering the first week I was born.” He now 3 internationally as an orienteer. In 2023, he won the first place in Orienteering World Cup. Street remembers a childhood trip with friends who trusted him as they realized his excellent 4 for getting around the new city. Street 5 the sport of orienteering at the age of nine. As his experiences suggest, childhood exposure shapes people’s comfort and 6 with navigation (导航). People who grew up outside cities, or in more spatially (空间的) complex cities, also appear to be better able to navigate. “Even as adults, we have good 7 that people who navigate more widely around their environment have better spatial skills,” says Nora Newcombe, a psychology professor at Temple University in Philadelphia. Misconceptions 8 about human navigation. “One of them is that you think you cannot improve,” Newcombe says. Navigational 9 like maps and compasses can lead to a dependence. People can train themselves to better notice environmental 10 like the wind, the sun and slopes. For people who can’t imagine wayfinding without a phone app, there are still ways to 11 spatial skills. The system on many apps is that “wherever you’re going is straight ahead, which is a terrible way to learn. I advocate keeping north on the top all the time,” Newcombe 12 . Getting a(an) 13 amount of sleep may help too. One global study found that for participants 14 fifty and older, sleeping seven hours a night 15 the best performance in a navigation game. 1. A．hardly B．recently C．regularly D．typically 2. A．recalls B．repeats C．regrets D．responds 3. A．travels B．competes C．visits D．runs 4. A．ambition B．purpose C．skill D．task 5. A．took over B．took up C．took on D．took away 6. A．confusion B．confidence C．happiness D．sorrow 7. A．insight B．news C．information D．evidence 8. A．appear B．happen C．consist D．exist 9. A．aids B．aims C．destinations D．means 10. A．situations B．protections C．measures D．signs 11. A．perform B．evaluate C．practise D．motivate 12. A．comments B．suggests C．states D．decides 13. A．obvious B．same C．different D．abundant 14. A．aged B．aging C．to age D．ages 15. A．was filled with B．was satisfied with C．was linked to D．was compared to 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了Ralph Street自幼参与定向运动，最终成为国际级运动员的故事。研究表明，童年时期接触定向运动能提升人们的导航技能和空间能力。专家Nora Newcombe指出，即使成年后，多在环境中导航的人空间技能更佳。此外，使用导航辅助工具可能导致依赖，而通过训练可以提高对环境迹象的感知。研究还发现，充足的睡眠与导航游戏表现相关。 1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在那之前，他的父母会经常带他出去做定向运动。A. hardly几乎不；B. recently最近；C. regularly经常；D. typically典型地。根据下文“I don’t really remember a time before orienteering”可知，他从出生就开始出去做定向运动，说明他的父母经常这样做，故选C项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Street回忆说：“我不记得在定向运动之前的事了。”A. recalls回忆；B. repeats重复；C. regrets后悔；D. responds回应。根据下文“the first week I was born”可知，Street在回忆自己刚出生的时候就被带出去做定向运动了，故选A项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他现在作为一名定向运动员在国际上竞争。A. travels旅行；B. competes竞争；C. visits访问；D. runs跑步。根据下文“as an orienteer.”可知，Street作为定向运动员参加国际比赛，故选B项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Street记得小时候和朋友一起旅行，他们信任他，因为他们意识到了他在新城市中找到路的出色能力。A. ambition雄心；B. purpose目的；C. skill技能；D. task任务。根据上文“who trusted him as they realized his excellent”可知，Street在新城市中找到路的能力让他的朋友们非常信任，这是一种技能，故选C项。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Street在九岁时开始从事定向运动。A. took over接管；B. took up开始从事；C. took on承担；D. took away带走。根据下文“the sport of orienteering at the age of nine”可知，Street从9岁就开始从事定向运动，故选B项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如他的经历所示，童年的接触塑造了人们对导航的舒适感和信心。A. confusion混乱；B. confidence信心；C. happiness幸福；D. sorrow悲伤。根据上文“people’s comfort and”可知，童年的经历让人对导航有舒适感和信心，横线应该和comfort是近义词或感情相近的词，故选B项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“即使作为成年人，我们有很好的证据表明，那些在他们周围的环境中更广泛导航的人有更好的空间技能。”A. insight洞察；B. news新闻；C. information信息；D. evidence证据。根据上下文“that people who navigate more widely around their environment have better spatial skills”可知，这里指的是支持某种观点的证据，而且that也引导一个同位语从句，可以和evidence构成语法搭配，故选D项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：存在关于人类导航的误解。A. appear出现；B. happen发生；C. consist由……组成；D. exist存在。根据上文“Misconceptions”可知，这里指的是误解的存在，也就是人类导航的时候都会产生误解，D选项符合语境，故选D项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“其中一个是你认为你无法改善，”Newcombe说。导航辅助工具如地图和指南针可能导致依赖。A. aids辅助工具；B. aims目标；C. destinations目的地；D. means方法。根据上文“like maps and compasses”可知，地图和指南针都是帮助导航的工具，故选A项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们可以训练自己更好地注意到环境的迹象，如风、太阳和斜坡。A. situations情况；B. protections保护；C. measures措施；D. signs迹象。根据上下文“like the wind, the sun and slopes”可知，风、太阳和斜坡都是环境中的自然迹象，故选D项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于那些无法想象没有手机应用程序进行导航的人来说，仍然有方法来练习空间技能。A. perform执行；B. evaluate评估；C. practise练习；D. motivate激励。根据上下文“spatial skills”可知，人们可以通过某种方式来练习或提高空间技能，故选C项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Newcombe建议说：“许多应用程序的系统是，无论你去哪里都是直前方，这是学习的一种糟糕方式。” A. comments评论；B. suggests建议；C. states陈述；D. decides决定。根据上文“I advocate keeping north on the top all the time”可知，Newcombe在这里提出建议，而且advocate也就是支持，提议的意思，B选项符合语境，故选B项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：获得充足的睡眠也可能有帮助。A. obvious明显的；B. same相同的；C. different不同的；D. abundant大量的。根据下文“sleeping seven hours a night”可知，他建议人们一晚上睡够7个小时，也就是要保持充足的睡眠，故选D项。 14. 考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：一项全球研究发现，对于五十岁及以上的参与者，每晚睡七小时与在导航游戏中的最佳表现相关联。A. aged年老的/age的过去分词或过去式；B. aging变老的；C. to age到达年龄；D. ages年龄。根据上下文“fifty and older”可知，这里指的是参与者的年龄，aged是过去分词形式，在这里作后置定语，表示“……岁的”，符合语境，故选A项。 15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一项全球研究发现，对于五十岁及以上的参与者，每晚睡七小时与在导航游戏中的最佳表现相关联。A. was filled with充满；B. was satisfied with满意；C. was linked to与……有关；D. was compared to与……比较。根据上下文“sleeping seven hours a night”和“the best performance”可知，这是在描述是睡眠和表现之间的关联，二者之间是有联系的，故选C项。 Passage 13 （23-24高二下·上海·期末）Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the 1 of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in 2 the paths of storms. Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network 3 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized 4 takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds. These 5 are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen,giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. 6 , on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm. If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 7 severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. 8 , the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is 9 when severe weather is around. On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, 10 from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your 11 area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported. When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, circular wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado 12 . Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, 13 which areas needed to be warned. Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek 14 before the storm hit. Paying attention to your 15 weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety. 1. A．loss B．increase C．protection D．value 2. A．changing B．controlling C．predicting D．guiding 3. A．faced with B．exposed to C．involved in D．made up of 4. A．structure B．system C．mode D．style 5. A．figures B．data C．readings D．statistics 6. A．Most likely B．Most evidently C．Most interestingly D．Most importantly 7. A．decide B．estimate C．handle D．issue 8. A．By the way B．In that case C．To some extent D．On the contrary 9. A．vital B．reasonable C．normal D．available 10. A．expanding B．spreading C．ranging D．extending 11. A．proper B．specific C．typical D．regular 12. A．process   B．threat C．warning D．sign 13. A．indicating B．recognizing C．covering D．recommending 14. A．rescue B．residence C．support D．shelter 15. A．local B．international C．nationwide D．neighborhood 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A 【导语】本文是说明文。气象学家和科学家们一直在研究增加天气预警时间的新方法，以期减少生命损失。天气雷达技术的进步，尤其是NEXRAD这种雷达体系，能够更准确及时地预报不同程度的天气状况，进而给人们警告，让人们采取适当的防范措施。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：气象学家和科学家们一直在研究增加风暴预警时间的新方法，以期减少生命损失。A. loss 失去；B. increase 增长；C. protection 保护；D. value 价值。根据上文“Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather.”可知，历史上，许多人死于恶劣天气。结合此句句意，科学家应该是研究新方法减少生命的损失，故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，当地的天气雷达已经取得了进步，这使得预报风暴路径的精确度更高。A. changing 改变；B. controlling 控制；C. predicting 预测；D. guiding 指导。根据前文“In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made”可知，天气雷达技术已经取得了进步，所以“预报”的精确度更高，故选C。 3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：NEXRAD是一个由158个多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络。A. faced with 面对；B. exposed to 暴露；C. involved in 包含在……，与……有关；D. made up of 组成。分析句子结构可知，此空是过去分词作a tracking network的后置定语，结合空后“158 Doppler weather radars.”以及选项可知，此处表示“一个由158个多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络 ”。故选D。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在暴风雨中，这个高分辨率的计算机系统读取空气中的降水量、云层的运动和风速。A. structure 结构；B. system 体系；C. mode 方式，风格；D. style 方式，样式。上文“eteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar).”提到了使用这种被称作NEXRAD的先进的追踪系统，用这个系统，气象学家和科学家已经能够成功地跟踪严重的雷暴和可能的龙卷风，所以此处指的就是这个系统。故选B。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些读数被传回当地的气象计算机，屏幕上会出现一幅彩色图像，让气象学家清楚地了解地平线上的天气情况。A. figures 数字；B. data 数据；C. readings 读数；D. statistics 统计数字。上文“And during a storm this high-resolution computerized　　　4　　　takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.”提到这种体系读取空气中的降水量、云层的运动和风速这些数据，所以此处指的就是把这些传回当地的气象计算机的读数。故选C。 6. 考查副词短语辨析。句意：很有可能，在你的电视屏幕上，你会看到电脑模拟的未来风暴的图像。A. Most likely 很有可能地；B. Most evidently 最明显地；C. Most interestingly 最有趣地；D. Most importantly 最重要地。副词修饰整句话，根据后文“on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.”和选项，可知此处表示的是，很有可能，你会在电视上看到电脑模拟的天气图像。故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果风暴足够严重，那么国家气象局（NWS）将为你所在地区发布严重雷暴警告的恶劣天气报告。A. decide 决定；B. estimate 估计；C. handle 处理；D. issue 宣布；公布。根据后文“severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area.”可知，此处表示有很严重风暴时，国家气象局会“发布”恶劣天气报告，故选D。 8. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果这样的话，雷达捕捉到的风暴将产生强大的可读数的风、可探测的闪电和一些冰雹。A. By the way 顺便说；B. In that case 在那种情况下；如果这样的话；C. To some extent 在某种程度上；D. On the contrary 正相反。根据上文“If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 　　　7　　　severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area.”可知，雷达可以监测风暴情况，如果有严重的风暴，国家气象局就会发布严重风暴的天气报告，如果这样的话，这些报告会预测风暴将会引起怎样的风以及闪电，也就是通过雷达技术，会预测到风暴会产生的强风的风力和风速（就是readable winds可读数的风，也就是可测风力和风向的风)和闪电（就是detectable lightning可检测的闪电）。故选B。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当恶劣天气来临时，注意天气图是至关重要的。A. vital 重要的；B. reasonable 合理的；C. normal 正常的；D. available 可使用的，有空的。根据前文“Paying attention to the weather map”以及后文“when severe weather is around.”可知，严重风暴来临时，注意天气图是至关重要的，这会让你清楚风暴的具体情况，进而做出合适的应对。故选A。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在电视屏幕上，你会看到降水图上有几种颜色，从蓝色（最轻）到黑色（最重）。A. expanding 扩大，增加；B. spreading 展开，打开；C. ranging (在一定的范围内)变化，变动；D. extending 延伸。根据前文“you will see several colors on the precipitation map”，以及空后“from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest)”可知，此处表示的是这些颜色的变化范围。故选C。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你所在的特定区域的颜色是黄色，请小心。A. proper 合适的；B. specific 特定的；C. typical 典型的；D. regular 规则的，定期的。根据后文“area are yellow, take caution.”可知，此处表示的是你所在的特定区域。故选B。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年早些时候，当乔治亚州亚特兰大的当地天气雷达报告有强风、环形风和大冰雹时，国家气象局发布了龙卷风警报。A. process 过程；B. threat 威胁；C. warning 警告；D. sign 签名。根据下文“Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, 　　　13　　　which areas needed to be warned.”可知，该地区的气象学家利用收集到的数据来预测风暴的路径，然后发出警告。故选C项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该地区的气象学家利用收集到的数据来预测风暴将经过的路径，指出哪些地区需要预警。A. indicating 表明，指出；B. recognizing 认出，识别；C. covering覆盖；D. recommending 推荐。根据空前“Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take”可知，该地区的气象学家预测风暴将经过的路径，这样就可以指出哪些地区需要预警，故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，以便在风暴来袭前找到避难所。A. rescue 营救；B. residence 住所；C. support 支持；D. shelter 避难处，住处。根据句意可知，此处表示多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，这样就可以在风暴来袭之前找到“避难所”。故选D。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在恶劣天气期间，注意当地的天气来源对您的安全起着至关重要的作用。A. local 当地的；B. international 国际的；C. nationwide 全国范围的；D. neighborhood街坊。根据前文“Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek　　　14　　　before the storm hit.”可知，多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，这样就可以在风暴来袭之前找到“避难所”，所以应是注意当地的天气来源。故选A项。 Passage 14 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）In years with hotter weather, pupils are likely to perform less well in exams, says a major study from researchers at Harvard and other US universities. There is a “significant” 1 between higher temperatures and lower school achievement, say economic researchers. An analysis of 2 scores of 10 million US secondary school students over 13 years shows hot weather has a negative impact on results. The study says a practical 3 could be to use more air conditioning. Students taking exams in a summer heatwave might have always complained that they were 4 by the hot and uncomfortable weather. But this study, from academics at Harvard, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and Georgia State University, claims to have produced the first clear 5 showing that when temperatures go up, school performance goes down. Researchers have 6 how secondary school students performed in tests in different years across the different 7 patterns within the US. The study found that students were more likely to have lower scores in years with higher temperatures and better results in cooler years. This 8 across the many different types of climate — whether in cooler northern US states or in the southern states where temperatures are typically much higher. The study, Heat and Learning, suggested that hotter weather made it harder to study in lessons in school and to 9 homework out of school. Researchers calculated that for every 0.55℃ increase in average temperature over the year, there was a 1% fall in 10 . Colder days did not seem to damage achievement — but the negative impact began to be 11 as temperatures rose above 21℃. The reduction in learning increased quickly once temperatures rose above 32℃ and even more so above 38℃. Joshua Goodman, associate professor at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, and his co-authors provide evidence that the “heat’s destruction of instruction or homework time is responsible for the 12 drop in test scores”. But Mr Goodman says it would have been harder to carry out similar studies in the education systems in the UK, because the differences in weather conditions would have been much 13 . The wide range of weather conditions in the US allows 14 within the same year group as well as with test performances in previous years. The study also asks whether heat plays a part in the huge 15 differences in achievement within the US. Northern states such as Massachusetts have very high levels of achievement in international tests. But southern states such as Alabama and Mississippi are at a level below European countries and closer to Turkey and Mexico. 1. A．gap B．link C．conflict D．distinction 2. A．test B．reading C．credit D．index 3. A．problem B．reason C．example D．response 4. A．frightened B．embarrassed C．influenced D．enhanced 5. A．evidence B．declaration C．feature D．argument 6. A．tracked B．doubted C．imagined D．discussed 7. A．exam B．learning C．behaviour D．weather 8. A．varied B．applied C．mattered D．spread 9. A．refer to B．account for C．approve of D．concentrate on 10. A．health B．satisfaction C．learning D．comfort 11. A．comparable B．measurable C．predictable D．avoidable 12. A．observed B．unexpected C．intended D．slowed 13. A．bigger B．clearer C．narrower D．fewer 14. A．applications B．agreements C．exchanges D．comparisons 15. A．cultural B．regional C．political D．religious 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了哈佛大学和其他美国大学的研究人员进行的一项重大研究表明，在天气炎热的年份，学生的考试成绩可能会较差。经济研究人员表示，气温升高和学习成绩下降之间存在“显著”联系。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济研究人员表示，气温升高和学习成绩下降之间存在“显著”联系。A. gap差距；B. link联系；C. conflict冲突；D. distinction区别。根据上文“In years with hotter weather, pupils are likely to perform less well in exams”提到在天气炎热的年份，学生的考试成绩可能会较差，由此可知，此处应表示气温升高和学习成绩下降之间存在“显著”联系。故选B项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项对1000万美国中学生13年来的考试成绩的分析显示，炎热的天气对成绩有负面影响。A. test测试；B. reading阅读；C. credit学分；D. index指数。根据下文“…shows hot weather has a negative impact on results”可知，此处应表示考试成绩的分析显示，炎热的天气对成绩有负面影响。故选A项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究表示，一个实际的应对措施可能是使用更多的空调。A. problem问题；B. reason原因；C. example例子；D. response应对。根据下文“could be to use more air conditioning”可知，此处应表示一个实际的应对措施可能是使用更多的空调。故选D项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在夏季热浪中参加考试的学生可能总是抱怨他们受到炎热和不舒服的天气的影响。A. frightened使害怕；B. embarrassed使尴尬；C. influenced影响；D. enhanced提高。根据下文“by the hot and uncomfortable weather”可知，此处应表示学生抱怨他们受到炎热和不舒服的天气的影响。故选C项。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这项由哈佛大学、加州大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）和佐治亚州立大学的学者进行的研究，声称首次提供了明确的证据，表明气温升高时，学习成绩会下降。A. evidence证据；B. declaration宣言；C. feature特征；D. argument争论。根据下文“showing that when temperatures go up, school performance goes down”可知，此处应表示研究提供了明确的证据，表明气温升高时，学习成绩会下降。故选A项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：研究人员追踪了美国中学生在不同年份、不同天气模式下的测试表现。A. tracked追踪；B. doubted怀疑；C. imagined想象；D. discussed讨论。根据句意以及下文“…how secondary school students performed in tests in different years across the different 　　7　　 patterns within the US”由此可知，此处应表示研究人员追踪了美国中学生在不同年份、不同天气模式下的测试表现。故选A项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员追踪了美国中学生在不同年份、不同天气模式下的测试表现。A. exam考试；B. learning学习；C. behaviour行为；D. weather天气。根据上文提到的研究表明气温升高时，学习成绩会下降可知，此处应表示研究人员追踪了美国中学生在不同年份、不同天气模式下的测试表现。故选D项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这适用于许多不同类型的气候，无论是在较凉爽的美国北部各州，还是在温度通常高得多的南部各州。A. varied变化；B. applied适用于；C. mattered要紧的是；D. spread传播。根据语境以及下文“whether in cooler northern US states or in the southern states where temperatures are typically much higher.”提到无论是在较凉爽的美国北部各州，还是在温度通常高得多的南部各州可知，此处应表示这适用于许多不同类型的气候。故选B项。 9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这项名为《热与学习》（Heat and Learning）的研究表明，更热的天气会让学生在学校更难学习，在校外更难集中精力做作业。A. refer to指的是，查阅；B. account for解释；C. approve of赞成；D. concentrate on专注于。根据上文“hotter weather made it harder to study in lessons in school”可知，此处应表示更热的天气会让学生在学校更难学习，在校外更难集中精力做作业。故选D项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员计算出，全年平均气温每升高0.55℃，学习成绩就会下降1%。A. health健康；B. satisfaction满足；C. learning学习；D. comfort安慰。根据上文“In years with hotter weather, pupils are likely to perform less well in exams”由此可知，此处应表示全年平均气温每升高0.55℃，学习成绩就会下降1%。故选C项。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：较冷的天气似乎不会影响成绩，但当气温升至21℃以上时，负面影响开始显现。A. comparable可比较的；B. measurable有明显影响的；C. predictable可预测的；D. avoidable可避免的。根据“Colder days did not seem to damage achievement”和表示转折的but可知，此处应表示但当气温升至21℃以上时，负面影响开始显现。故选B项。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院（Harvard Kennedy School of Government）副教授约书亚•古德曼（Joshua Goodman）和他的合著者提供的证据表明，“高温对教学或家庭作业时间的破坏是学生考试成绩明显下降的原因”。A. observed显著的；B. unexpected不可预料的；C. intended有意的；D. slowed放慢的。根据上文“heat’s destruction of instruction or homework time is responsible for”由此可知，此处应表示高温对教学或家庭作业时间的破坏是学生考试成绩明显下降的原因。故选A项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但古德曼表示，在英国的教育系统中进行类似的研究要困难得多，因为天气条件的差异要小得多。A. bigger更大的；B. clearer更清楚的；C. narrower更窄的，更小的；D. fewer更少的。根据语境以及上文“it would have been harder to carry out similar studies in the education systems in the UK”可知，此处应表示在英国的教育系统中进行类似的研究要困难得多，因为天气条件的差异要小得多。故选C项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国广泛的天气条件允许在同一年组内进行比较，以及与前几年的测试表现进行比较。A. applications申请；B. agreements同意；C. exchanges交换；D. comparisons比较。根据句意以及下文“as well as with test performances in previous years”可知，此处应表示美国广泛的天气条件允许在同一年组内进行比较。故选D项。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究还提出了一个问题，那就是高温是否在美国的巨大地区成就差异中起了作用。A. cultural文化的；B. regional地区的；C. political政治的；D. religious宗教的。根据下文“Northern states such as Massachusetts have very high levels of achievement in international tests…”可知，从后文提到美国不同州（北方州和南方州）成绩差异可知，这里说的是地区差异。故选B项。 Passage 15 （23-24高二下·上海奉贤·期中）AI, or deep learning, takes in massive amounts of data from a single field and automatically learns from the data to make specific decisions within that field. It can automatically optimize (优化) human-given goals with 1 memory and superhuman accuracy. The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting, but the rise of AI also brings many 2 . It’s worth taking time to sort between the genuine risks of this coming technological revolution and the 3 that sometimes surround the topic. First, let’s talk about job displacement. Because AI can 4 humans at routine tasks, it is technically capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so. But not every job will be replaced by AI. 5 , four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a 6 to optimize. It cannot 7 as scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs go well beyond the AI 8 of single domain and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI. Are you worried that these three types of jobs won’t employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much 9 : empathetic and compassionate jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI is not capable of. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. As well as job displacement. AI has the potential to 10 inequality-both between the super wealthy and the displaced workers and also among countries. Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to gain the economic rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to 11 job displacement. The technology also poses serious challenges in terms of 12 . The consequences of hacking into AI-controlled systems could be severe. Finally, there are the issues of privacy, worsened prejudices and manipulation (操纵). Sadly, we’ve already seen 13 on this front. Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division. All of these risks require governments, businesses and technologists to 14 develop a new rule book for AI applications. And rather than compare against one another countries must share best practices and work together to ensure this technology is used for the 15 of all. 1. A．deep B．specific C．unlimited D．optimistic 2. A．praises B．possibilities C．decisions D．challenges 3. A．misunderstandings B．underestimates C．consequences D．arguments 4. A．enrich B．outperform C．reject D．enroll 5. A．In fact B．By comparison C．In addition D．As a result 6. A．job B．goal C．risk D．title 7. A．research B．learn C．serve D．invent 8. A．automation B．displacement C．limitation D．complication 9. A．easier B．larger C．smarter D．quicker 10. A．maintain B．remove C．reveal D．conceal 11. A．destabilize B．enhance C．relieve D．preserve 12. A．security B．control C．severity D．advancement 13. A．prejudices B．limitations C．temptations D．failures 14. A．hold on B．work together C．take off D．back up 15. A．competition B．application C．rules D．good 【答案】 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能的好处以及一些常见的关于人工智能的误解。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它可以用无限的记忆和超人的准确性自动优化人类设定的目标。A. deep深刻的；B. specific具体的；C. unlimited无限的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据下文“ It can automatically optimize (优化) human-given goals”中it指代人工智能，所以是拥有无限的记忆。。故选C。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：AI的潜在应用令人兴奋，但AI的兴起也带来了许多挑战。A. praises 称赞；B. possibilities 可能性；C. decisions 决定；D. challenges 挑战。根据上文“The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting, but the rise of AI also brings”，可知，指人工智能的兴起也带来了许多挑战。故选D。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：值得花时间区分即将到来的技术革命带来的真正风险和围绕这个话题有时存在的误解。A. misunderstandings 误解；B. underestimates 低估；C. consequences 结果；D. arguments 论点。根据上文“It’s worth taking time to sort between the genuine risks of this coming technological revolution”和下文“that sometimes surround the topic”，可知这里指的是关于AI的误解，与上文的genuine risks并列，符合题意。故选A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为AI可以在例行任务上超越人类，所以在未来15年左右的时间里，技术上有可能取代数以亿计的白领和蓝领工作。A. enrich 丰富；B. outperform 超越；C. reject 拒绝；D. enroll 登记。根据下文“it is technically capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.”，可知此处描述AI的能力超越人类，故选B。 5. 考查短语词义辨析。句意：事实上，有四种类型的工作根本没有风险。A. In fact 事实上，实际上；B. By comparison 相比之下；C. In addition 此外；D. As a result 结果。根据上文“But not every job will be replaced by AI.”和下文“four types of jobs are not at risk at all.”，可知此处要举例说明实际上有些工作不受AI影响，故选A。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：AI需要被赋予一个目标去优化。A. job 工作；B. goal 目标；C. risk 风险；D. title 标题。呼应上文“It can automatically optimize human-given goals”指人工智能需要被赋予一个优化的目标。故选B。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它不能像科学家、小说家和艺术家那样发明。A. research 研究；B. learn 学习；C. serve 服务；D. invent 发明。根据下文“as scientists, novelists and artists can”可知，人工智能不能像科学家、小说家和艺术家那样发明创造。故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，复杂的战略工作远远超出了AI在单一领域和大数据方面的局限。A. automation 自动化；B. displacement 替换；C. limitation 局限；D. complication 复杂化。根据上文“the complex, strategic jobs go well beyond the AI”指这类工作的复杂性要超过人工智能的限制，就不会被取代。故选C。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不用担心，第四种类型的工作要大得多：富有同情心和同理心的工作，如教师、保姆和医生，AI无法胜任。A. easier 更容易；B. larger 更大；C. smarter 更聪明；D. quicker 更快。根据下文“empathetic and compassionate jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI is not capable of. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI.”，可知此处描述这类工作数量众多大得多，故选B。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了就业替代，AI还有可能加剧不平等——无论是在超级富豪和被替代的工人之间，还是在国家之间。A. maintain 维持；B. remove 移除；C. reveal 揭示；D. conceal 隐藏。根据下文“inequality-both between the super wealthy and the displaced workers and also among countries.”，可知此处描述AI可能加剧社会不平等，故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贫穷和较小的国家将无法获得AI带来的经济回报，而且在缓解就业替代方面处于不利地位。A. destabilize 使不稳定；B. enhance 增强；C. relieve 缓解；D. preserve 保存。根据上文“Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to gain the economic rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to”，此处描述这些国家在应对就业替代方面的能力较弱，故选C。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术还存在严重的安全挑战。A. security 安全；B. control 控制；C. severity 严重性；D. advancement 进步。根据后文“The consequences of hacking into AI-controlled systems could be severe. (入侵人工智能控制系统的后果可能很严重)”可知，这项技术在安全方面也提出了严峻的挑战。故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：遗憾的是，我们在这一方面已经看到了失败的例子。A. prejudices 偏见；B. limitations 限制；C. temptations 诱惑；D. failures 失败。根据后文“Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division. (Facebook无法抗拒利用人工智能技术优化使用和利润的诱惑，以牺牲用户隐私和增加偏见和分歧为代价)”可知，这方面已经有失败的例子了。故选D。 14. 考查短语词义辨析。句意：所有这些风险都需要政府、企业和技术专家共同努力，为AI应用制定新的规则手册。A. hold on 坚持；B. work together 一起工作；C. take off 起飞；D. back up 支持。呼应后文“And rather than compare against one another countries must share best practices and work together”指政府、企业和技术人员共同努力，故选B。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：各国必须分享最佳实践，共同努力确保这项技术被用于所有人的利益。A. competition 竞争；B. application 应用；C. rules 规则；D. good 利益。根据上文“And rather than compare against one another countries must share best practices and work together to ensure this technology is used for the”可知，各国不应相互比较，而应分享最佳做法，共同努力确保这项技术被用于造福所有人，短语for the good of表示“为了某人或某事的利益”。故选D。 高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$