信息必刷卷01（北京卷）-2025年高考英语考前信息必刷卷

2025年高考考前信息必刷卷（北京卷）01 英语·答案及评分标准 （满分：100分） 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 11．to meditate 12．self - perception 13．provides 14．routines 15．was awarded 16．asked 17．who 18．to 19．blowing 20．Rushed 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分） 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．A 26．B 27. D 28．C 29．A 30．A 31. C 32．A 33．B 34．D 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 35．G 36．C 37．D 38. F 39. A 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，满分32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，满分12分） 40. The author's strong desire for self - reliance. 41. The author would spend two months interning at a renowned design studio to gain more professional experience. 42. The mentor considered the author’s experience in the studio a remarkable achievement because high - quality design works had been produced. The mentor considered the author's experience a remarkable achievement because the author acquired collaborative skills. 43. Self-reliance is not equivalent to blindly insisting on doing everything alone without any external help. It's crucial to recognize that there are times when seeking assistance is a sign of wisdom, not weakness. We should have the discernment to know when to rely on our own capabilities and when to reach out for support from others. By integrating our individual efforts with collaborative learning and cooperation, we can truly develop the comprehensive abilities needed to achieve self-reliance and attain success in our endeavors.（答案言之有理即可） 第二节（满分20分） 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I'm extremely delighted to hear that you're going to participate in the "Global Technology Frontier" speech contest. Knowing your enthusiasm for Chinese technology, I'd like to recommend that you introduce Chinese AI models, such as ERNIE developed by Baidu and Tongyi Qianwen by Alibaba. These remarkable AI models have had a profound impact on various aspects of society. In the realm of natural language processing, what they can do is truly amazing. They are capable of accurately understanding complex semantics, generating high - quality texts, and conducting seamless language translations. This not only boosts the efficiency of content creation for writers and journalists but also breaks down language barriers in cross - cultural communication. Moreover, serving as intelligent chatbots, they have transformed customer service. By handling a large number of inquiries promptly, they ensure better user experiences for companies. In the medical field, analyzing vast amounts of medical images and data, they assist doctors in making more accurate disease diagnoses. I'm convinced that choosing this topic will make your speech stand out. If you need any further details, feel free to let me know. Yours, Li Hua 应用文写作评分标准 一、评分原则 1. 本题总分为20分，按5个档次给分。 2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3. 词数少于60和多于100的，从总分中减去2分。 4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。 5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 6. 如书写较差，以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。 二、各档次的给分范围和要求 档次 描述 第五档 (17～20分) 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 - 覆盖所有内容要点。 - 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。 - 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但因尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。 - 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第四档 (13～16分) 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 - 虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。 - 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。 - 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。 - 应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档 (9～12分) 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 - 虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。 - 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。 - 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。 - 应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。 整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。 第二档 (5～8分) 未适当完成试题规定的任务。 - 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。 - 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。 - 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。 - 较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。 第一档 (1～4分) 未完成试题规定的任务。 - 明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。 - 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。 - 较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。 - 缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。 信息未能传达给读者。 0分 未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。 试卷第2页，共22页 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 绝密★启用前 2025年高考考前信息必刷卷（北京卷）01 英 语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 考情速递 高考·新动向：近年北京卷英语试题持续强化“素养立意”“价值引领”和“德育渗透”，以语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力为核心考查维度，注重学生解决真实问题的综合能力。例如，2024年阅读C篇探讨“宇宙模拟”争议，引导考生关注科技伦理与创新路径，体现对批判性思维和科学探究能力的考查。2024年完形填空探讨合作与自立关系，2024年应用文写作涉及家国情怀（新中国成立75周年写作任务）。 高考·新考法：语法考查的隐性综合化。近年北京卷的语法填空不再局限于单句，而是依托完整语篇，需结合上下文时态、连词逻辑及语义连贯性解题（如故事类语篇中过去完成时与现在完成时的交替使用）。 命题·大预测：文化和科技主题是近年北京卷阅读理解和应用文写作的命题热点，本套试卷在研究近5年高考题目的基础上，对相关话题进行分析和探索，命制成高质量的题目供广大师生学习使用。如本套试卷中已修改阅读理解的D篇，主要通过介绍马赛部落的生活和道德规范，延续了北京卷对早期人类道德规范形成的探讨这一核心主题。 备考策略：根据北京高考英语真题命题特点，建议跨学科阅读积累：精读《经济学人》《科学美国人》等外刊的科技、社科类文章，掌握高频术语与论证逻辑。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节, 满分30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分） 阅读下列短文, 掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I had just reached the community center, eager to start my volunteer shift. I was organizing some files in the office when there was an ____1____ 1. “Today at 3:00 p.m., there will be try - outs for a community talent show.” My fellow volunteers all grinned widely and asked me, “Are you going to participate, Lily?” “Why not?” I replied. I had no ____2____ in performing on stage, but I decided to give it a shot since my friends were taking part. At 3:00 p.m., there was a ____3____ outside the performance hall. Everyone seemed full of anticipation. I had never thought I'd be there that afternoon. But now that I was about to do it, I ____4____ felt a bit uneasy. What if I made a fool of myself? I walked into the hall and the judges asked me to do a short dance routine. They then ____5____ my dancing skills and inquired about which type of performance I aimed for. The judges were nodding and complimenting me. I felt like I had a ____6____, so I said, “A leading performance.” They said they'd consider it. I began to get extremely nervous. What if I didn't get a prime spot in the show? Before long, the performance list was ____7____ . My friends checked and rushed back, yelling, “Lily, you got the opening act!” Indeed, my name was at the front. I just gaped at it and started to ____8____. I was over the moon. After three weeks of practice, we were all set and ready to show on stage. It was a blast. And when the audience started ____9____, that gave me a huge dose of self-assurance. It stayed with me and made me feel ____10____. I realized that by attempting something new, I could enjoy myself—even if it meant stepping out of my comfort bubble. 1.A. task B. notice C. introduction D. invitation 2.A. courage B. passion C. doubt D. patience 3.A. crowd B. party C. meeting D. rehearsal 4.A. instantly B. constantly C. initially D. usually 5.A. promoted B. evaluated C. doubted D. improved 6.A. request B. reputation C. goal D. shot 7.A. exchanged B. displayed C. debated D. confirmed 8.A. cheer up B. break down C. well up D. calm down 9.A. chatting B. laughing C. cheering D. leaving 10.A. stronger B. luckier C. smarter D. warmer 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Embracing mindfulness can have a profound impact on our well-being. Setting aside time ____11____（meditate）enables us to cultivate a more acute sense of ____12____（self - perceive）. When we engage in mindfulness, we open up space to contemplate our mental states and emotional reactions, which not only helps us recognize the crucial aspects of our existence but also ____13____（provide）us with the chance to make beneficial decisions. To truly integrate mindfulness into our lives, we must establish distinct ____14____（routine）in our daily schedules. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On June 15, 2024, Sarah Thompson ____15____（award）the Young Scientist of the Year. And when ____16____（ask）about the key to her success, she emphasized perseverance. Thompson, ____17____ is always absorbed in her research, attributed her unwavering efforts to her remarkable achievements at such a young age. “Success is not a one - time event; it's the result of continuous dedication and hard work,” she stated. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One sunny morning, I noticed a girl walking along Maple Street with a stack of art books. I thought ____18____myself, “Why does she carry so many art - related materials?” Just at that moment, a strong wind blew, ____19____（blow）her art sketches all over the place. Her colored pencils rolled in every direction. I felt a pang of sympathy for her and ____20____（rush）over to help. As I handed her the scattered pencils, she looked at me with gratitude and said, “Thank you so much!” 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分, 满分28分） 阅读下列短文, 掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Multilingual Dialogue Project offers students a unique opportunity to team up in pairs and communicate in two diverse languages they are passionate about sharing and mastering every fortnight. After each collaborative session with their partners, students are obliged to write brief summaries, documenting the language skills honed, the communication strategies employed, and the cultural insights exchanged during the conversation. Each pair will have four encounters with an instructor throughout the semester, and the instructor will evaluate the quality and effectiveness of their language exchange, providing constructive feedback to foster their growth. Students who successfully conclude this project will be rewarded with two academic credits. Completion Requirements: · Attend an opening-ceremony on the third Friday of the semester to understand the project's goals and expectations. · Participate in 12 fortnightly, 90 - minute pair sessions dedicated to immersive language practice. · Submit fortnightly progress reports for all pair meetings, highlighting achievements, challenges, and areas for improvement. · Have at least four meetings with the instructor to receive personalized guidance. · Create a ten-minute final presentation video that showcases the overall learning journey, key takeaways, and the impact of the language exchange on their skills and perspectives. Registration Process: Students register and clearly state the languages they are proficient in and can offer for sharing, along with the languages they are eager to learn. Based on the information provided by each student, the system will identify potential pairs with complementary language interests and needs. Language proficiency levels will be verified through a combination of previous academic transcripts and online proficiency quizzes. Once a suitable pair is determined, students will be individually notified via email with a unique registration code to officially enroll in the project. Important Reminders: Registering for the Multilingual Dialogue Project does not guarantee automatic enrollment. Pairings are carefully arranged considering multiple factors such as language interests, proficiency levels, and time - zone compatibility. Due to the complexity of the matching process, not all students who register will be successfully paired and gain entry to the project. 21. In the Multilingual Dialogue Project, students will ______. A. organize cultural events related to the languages B. assess the effectiveness of their communication strategies C. meet the instructor every fortnight D. enhance their language skills and cultural awareness 22. To complete the project, students must ______. A. design online proficiency quizzes B. take part in fortnightly pair sessions C. host the opening-ceremony D. produce fortnightly presentation videos 23. What must students do during the registration? A. Indicate the languages they are proficient in and those they want to learn. B. Select the time-zone that suits them best for pair sessions. C. Contact potential partners directly. D. Decide on the format of the progress reports. B When I was a young lad, I was crazy about constructing things with building blocks, freely and exuberantly creating various structures in my room. In primary school, I started to learn calligraphy. Writing Chinese characters seemed to be a form of construction, carefully shaping each stroke to form beautiful characters, which were like small architectural wonders, elegant and meaningful. In middle school, handicraft was my top - choice subject. Because I was so passionate about it, I assumed I had a natural talent for it. For the handicraft mid - term exam, I had to make a wooden model. I found the process arduous, yet still harbored high hopes of getting a good grade. To my dismay, I failed miserably. I had been overly self - assured. Now I was made to feel talent - lacking. However, other outlets for creativity remained accessible: I delved into writing short stories and composing simple melodies. Additionally, I frequently visited handicraft exhibitions. I also kept up my habit of sketching, which I now regarded as naive scribbling. In my thirties, I befriended professional artisans and learned new perspectives on handicrafts. Nevertheless, I couldn't bring myself to actually try advanced handicraft techniques. Even though these new friends were wood - carvers, potters, or metal - smiths, I considered intricate wood - carving as a forbidden high - level craft that I wasn't permitted to attempt. One midnight, in my early forties, I had a vivid dream. An old man with a long beard approached me, handed me a set of carving tools, and urged me to start carving. The dream was so compelling that it deeply affected me. It was like a spark of inspiration, reigniting a passion I had long suppressed. In response, I began by practicing simple wood - carving patterns. Eventually, I gathered the courage to attempt more complex carving projects. Although I have relished breaking my decades - long hesitation about attempting intricate wood - carving, I've found that I now have a preference for paper - cutting and origami. I transform my simple paper - cut works into unique gifts for my family. It all feels liberating and stress - free. This time, I can acknowledge my limitations yet still persevere. Achieving success in handicrafts demands unwavering determination. I realized that I had always been afraid of aiming too high. That dream reminded me that those fears and aspirations could drive me to take risks and explore new possibilities. 24. How did the author feel after failing the handicraft exam? A. Terrified. B. Anxious. C. Disheartened. D. Indignant. 25. In his thirties, the author ______. A. refrained from trying intricate wood-carving B. strived for a career in handicrafts C. was fascinated by pottery D. displayed his childhood sketches 26. Which word best depicts the author's dream? A. Mystifying. B. Motivating. C. Troubling. D. Amusing. 27. What can we infer from this passage? A. Rome was not built in a day. B. Fortune favors the bold. C. Dreams are the forerunners of reality. D. Creative pursuits require self - belief. C The idea that our memories are like a perfectly organized library, where every event is stored neatly and retrieved accurately when needed, is appealing to many. Searching the term “memory accuracy hypothesis” returns a plethora（过多） of results that debate whether our recollections of the past are precise records of events or are they distorted constructs of our minds—a concept that some psychologists actually ponder deeply. Unfortunately, this isn't a straightforward scientific question. We will likely never be certain if it's true. Instead, we can utilize this concept to further psychological knowledge. The 19th-century psychologist William James argued that memory is a complex faculty that involves both the retention of past experiences and the reconstruction of those experiences in the present. While he acknowledged that some aspects of our memories are based on real events, he posited that our emotions, expectations, and subsequent experiences play a crucial role in shaping and altering our recollections. Modern neuroscience has shown that the process of memory formation and retrieval involves multiple regions of the brain and is influenced by various factors such as stress, sleep, and aging. No one fully understands exactly how these complex neural processes work within this “black box” of the brain. If empirical evidence from experiments fails to provide a clear picture of memory accuracy, theoretical reasoning won't necessarily clarify it either, since it depends on concepts and theories that are dependent on our current understanding of the brain and human behavior. Again, a “black box” situation. So, if we accept that the accuracy of our memories is uncertain, we also accept that we will never know if our memories are like a perfectly organized library. Then, we can shift our inquiry from “Are our memories completely accurate records of the past?” to “Can we model the process of memory as a library-like system?” Modeling psychological phenomena is what researchers strive to do. To aid our understanding of memory, we create models based on conceptual analogies that are relatable to us. In the early days of psychology, we thought of memory as a wax tablet, where experiences left impressions that could be retrieved later. In more recent times, we've developed the concept of the working memory model. Now that we are in the era of cognitive neuroscience, we have new concepts such as neural networks, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive biases. Not surprisingly, these new ideas inspire us to construct new models of memory. Models are not the reality, though. There's no use in arguing if memory is a wax tablet, a working memory system, or a result of neural network operations. All these models are tools to grapple with the unknown aspects of memory and to make new discoveries. And the more tools we possess, the more proficient and perceptive we can become in understanding memory. It can be envisioned that similar to the process of developing previous psychological models, creating the “library-like system” metaphor-based model of memory will also be an extremely rewarding endeavor. 28．What does the author aim to achieve by questioning a hypothesis? A．Propose a theory. B．Present an analysis. C．Offer a recommendation. D．Validate an analogy. 29．What is the closest meaning of the phrase “dependent on” underlined in Paragraph 2? A．Influenced by. B．Opposed to C．Separated from. D．With great satisfaction and responsibility. 30．Regarding William James' argument, the author's attitude is ______. A．approving B．skeptical. C．indifferent D．critical 31．It can be inferred from this passage that we should ______. A．contrast the current memory models with the earlier ones B．keep exploring the traditional memory models in the history of psychology C．halt the debate on whether memories are perfect records of the past D．transform the models of memory into real-life applications D The study of the Maasai tribe's（马赛部落）way of life in East Africa provides a vivid illustration of the likely moral framework of early human societies. Among the Maasai, social norms were not codified in written form and were often subtly conveyed, yet they were deeply ingrained in the community's consciousness. Theft and aggressive behaviors were frowned upon, while leadership succession, marital practices, and relations with neighboring tribes were guided by long-standing customs. Disputes were frequently settled through traditional dance competitions, as open and heated arguments were thought to disrupt the harmony of the community and were thus strongly prohibited. Given the harsh and challenging environment of the African savanna, where survival demanded cooperation and mutual support, the Maasai's practical approach to morality was both rational and necessary. The commonality of moral values across different cultures is remarkable, despite the fact that the relative importance of these values may differ depending on a particular group's historical experiences and ecological circumstances. Generally speaking, actions such as aggression and deception are condemned, while qualities like teamwork, modesty, and bravery are highly esteemed. These universal moral principles long preceded the emergence of organized religions with moral teachings or the establishment of written legal codes. Instead, they have their origins in the fundamental similarities of human needs and the shared cognitive and emotional processes that enable us to learn and adapt to our social surroundings. Our innate social instincts include a powerful longing to be part of a group. The positive regard of others brings a sense of satisfaction, whereas their disapproval evokes feelings of discomfort. These social emotions prime our minds to conform our actions to the norms and values of our social group, facilitating social cohesion and cooperation. More broadly, social instincts impel us to master the complex rules of social behavior in order to thrive in a community. The underlying mechanism involves the repurposing of a reward system that originally evolved to encourage behaviors essential for individual survival. Our brains utilize this system to learn and internalize patterns of behavior related to finding food sources, avoiding predators, and navigating our environment. Favorable survival habits conserve resources and increase the likelihood of survival. Similarly, positive social habits serve to enhance our social standing and relationships within the community. We learn to be honest even when dishonesty might seem advantageous in the short term, and we offer assistance to those in need, even when it requires personal sacrifice. In this way, we develop a moral compass that differentiates between right and wrong. The advantages of social living come with corresponding responsibilities: we must coexist harmoniously, but also assert our own boundaries. Therefore, self-restraint is a valuable trait. In humans, the significantly larger brain compared to other animals enhances our ability to exercise self-control, much like it improves our capacity to solve problems in both social and physical contexts. These capabilities are further enhanced by our advanced language skills, which allow for the development of intricate social practices and cultural norms. 32．What can be inferred about the establishment of the Maasai's moral framework? A．Ecological challenges were the impetus. B．Unwritten customs were the objective. C．Leadership succession was the foundation. D．Teamwork was the core. 33．What can we conclude from this passage? A．Personal gain is the reason for aggressive behavior. B．Shared cognitive processes result in universal values. C．Language skills are restricted by social surroundings. D．Organized religions have a decisive impact on moral values. 34．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．Moral Values: Connecting Different Cultures B．The Significance of Self-restraint C．Brains: The Key to Social Harmony D．The Origins of Morality 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分, 满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you aim to achieve outstanding creativity, is it better to be a diver (潜水者) or a surfer? The diver delves deep into one area, exploring its intricacies thoroughly, while the surfer rides the waves of various ideas, hopping from one domain to another. Is there an obvious superiority of one approach over the other? Diver-style thinkers often believe so. 35 And they are typically highly regarded for their depth of understanding in their chosen area. According to Dr. Lisa Smith, the “diver concept” is one of the key elements that drive individuals to become experts in their fields. They concentrate on a single area and master it comprehensively. They figure out where their true passion lies within that area. 36 The diver concept seems to be a reliable path for those seeking expertise. 37 Professor Mark Johnson has analyzed the creative outputs of artists who either focus deeply on one style or experiment with multiple styles. He has discovered that divers are not only less likely to come up with innovative ideas across different contexts compared to surfers, but also that they are more reluctant to adapt their existing creative approaches when faced with new trends or challenges. The advantage that surfers possess is that they are more inclined to draw inspiration from a wide variety of sources, and they are at ease with ambiguity and fresh ideas. 38 They strive to incorporate new elements into their creative work rather than ignoring them. They also have a more accurate assessment of their creative capabilities and limitations. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a surfer-diver style. 39 The choice between being a diver and a surfer is a false dichotomy. The most effective way to foster creativity is to try to be that uncommon blend known as a surfer-diver. A．In other words, each approach has its own distinct benefits. B．They are more likely to stick to traditional creative methods. C．Thus, they enjoy the advantage of profound knowledge and confidence. D．But there can be a drawback to focusing solely on one creative area. E．However, divers are also open to new perspectives within their own field. F．When an idea conflicts with their current creative style, they don't dismiss it as irrelevant. G．They firmly take a stand on one creative direction and wholeheartedly support it. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，满分32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，满分12分） 阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求回答问题。 Growing up, I idolized self-reliance. I always yearned for my own capabilities to be sufficient. When I made up my mind to pursue a professional career in the field of graphic design, I was eager to create a unique design concept and swiftly establish myself as an independent designer. However, I was overly optimistic about what I could actually accomplish. As I started sketching out my design projects, my colleagues cautioned me about the difficulties I would encounter. But my strong desire for self-reliance propelled me to press ahead with my design plan. Consequently, the initial three years of my career in graphic design were marked by a string of setbacks. During my first year, I failed to win a major design competition because my work lacked a clear theme. In my second year, I realised that after spending countless hours on a project for a client, the final result was rejected due to a misunderstanding of the client's needs. By my third year, my intense eagerness to succeed overtook my longing for self-reliance. My mentor and I came up with an unconventional solution: I would spend two months interning at a renowned design studio to gain more professional experience. I worked closely with senior designers, bombarded them with questions, and participated actively in various projects to absorb as much knowledge as possible. Eventually, I completed a remarkable design project that would have been unfeasible without the guidance and support of the studio members. My mentor regarded this experience as a remarkable achievement, highlighting the collaborative skills I had acquired. A few months later, when I applied the skills and insights I gained from the internship to my own projects in my regular workplace, I produced more high-quality design works that received praise from clients. By learning when to seek help, I finally found myself on the path to becoming an independent and accomplished designer. 40. In the beginning, what motivated the author to carry on with the design plan? 41. What was the solution proposed by the mentor and the author after those successive setbacks? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▷ The mentor considered the author’s experience in the studio a remarkable achievement because high-quality design works had been produced. 43. From this story, what can you learn about “self-reliance”?(In about 40 words) 第二节（满分20分） 44．假设你是光明中学高三学生李华。你的外国笔友Tom对中国科技很感兴趣，打算参加学校组织的“全球科技前沿”演讲比赛，发来邮件询问你关于中国近期科技成果的相关信息。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1． 推荐介绍的科技成果； 2． 阐述该成果的影响力。 注意: 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 试卷第2页，共22页 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 绝密★启用前 2025年高考考前信息必刷卷（北京卷）01 英 语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 考情速递 高考·新动向：近年北京卷英语试题持续强化“素养立意”“价值引领”和“德育渗透”，以语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力为核心考查维度，注重学生解决真实问题的综合能力。例如，2024年阅读C篇探讨“宇宙模拟”争议，引导考生关注科技伦理与创新路径，体现对批判性思维和科学探究能力的考查；2024年完形填空探讨合作与自立关系；2024年应用文写作涉及家国情怀（新中国成立75周年写作任务）。 高考·新考法：语法考查的隐性综合化。近年北京卷的语法填空不再局限于单句，而是依托完整语篇，需结合上下文时态、连词逻辑及语义连贯性解题（如故事类语篇中过去完成时与现在完成时的交替使用）。 命题·大预测：文化和科技主题是近年北京卷阅读理解和应用文写作的命题热点，本套试卷在研究近5年高考题目的基础上，对相关话题进行分析和探索，命制成高质量的题目供广大师生学习使用。如本套试卷中已修改阅读理解的D篇，主要通过介绍马赛部落的生活和道德规范，延续了北京卷对早期人类道德规范形成的探讨这一核心主题。 备考策略：根据北京高考英语真题命题特点，建议跨学科阅读积累：精读《经济学人》《科学美国人》等外刊的科技、社科类文章，掌握高频术语与论证逻辑。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节, 满分30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分） 阅读下列短文, 掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I had just reached the community center, eager to start my volunteer shift. I was organizing some files in the office when there was an ____1____ 1. “Today at 3:00 p.m., there will be try - outs for a community talent show.” My fellow volunteers all grinned widely and asked me, “Are you going to participate, Lily?” “Why not?” I replied. I had no ____2____ in performing on stage, but I decided to give it a shot since my friends were taking part. At 3:00 p.m., there was a ____3____ outside the performance hall. Everyone seemed full of anticipation. I had never thought I'd be there that afternoon. But now that I was about to do it, I ____4____ felt a bit uneasy. What if I made a fool of myself? I walked into the hall and the judges asked me to do a short dance routine. They then ____5____ my dancing skills and inquired about which type of performance I aimed for. The judges were nodding and complimenting me. I felt like I had a ____6____, so I said, “A leading performance.” They said they'd consider it. I began to get extremely nervous. What if I didn't get a prime spot in the show? Before long, the performance list was ____7____ . My friends checked and rushed back, yelling, “Lily, you got the opening act!” Indeed, my name was at the front. I just gaped at it and started to ____8____. I was over the moon. After three weeks of practice, we were all set and ready to show on stage. It was a blast. And when the audience started ____9____, that gave me a huge dose of self-assurance. It stayed with me and made me feel ____10____. I realized that by attempting something new, I could enjoy myself—even if it meant stepping out of my comfort bubble. 1.A. task B. notice C. introduction D. invitation 2.A. courage B. passion C. doubt D. patience 3.A. crowd B. party C. meeting D. rehearsal 4.A. instantly B. constantly C. initially D. usually 5.A. promoted B. evaluated C. doubted D. improved 6.A. request B. reputation C. goal D. shot 7.A. exchanged B. displayed C. debated D. confirmed 8.A. cheer up B. break down C. well up D. calm down 9.A. chatting B. laughing C. cheering D. leaving 10.A. stronger B. luckier C. smarter D. warmer 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者原本对舞台表演缺乏热情，因朋友参加社区才艺表演选拔而一同尝试，在选拔中表现获评委认可并成功争取到开场表演的机会；经过练习登台表演，观众的欢呼让作者信心大增，也让作者领悟到尝试新事物、走出舒适区能带来乐趣。 1. 答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据“Today at 3:00 p.m., there will be try-outs for a community talent show.”可知，这是在发布关于社区才艺表演选拔的消息，所以这里应该是一则“notice（通知）”。A选项“task”意为“任务”，与发布选拔消息的语境不相符；C选项“introduction”意为“介绍”，不符合此处通知活动的语境；D选项“invitation”意为“邀请”，通常是针对特定对象的邀请，而这里是面向众人的消息发布，所以B选项“notice”正确。 2. 答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。从“but I decided to give it a shot since my friends were taking part.”可知，前后为转折关系，后半句说因为朋友参加所以自己也尝试，那么前半句应该是原本对舞台表演没有“passion（热情）”。A选项“courage”意为“勇气”，如果没有勇气就不会去尝试，不符合转折逻辑；C选项“doubt”意为“怀疑”，与是否参加表演的原因无关；D选项“patience”意为“耐心”，也不是决定参加表演的关键因素，所以B选项“passion”正确。 3. 答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据“Everyone seemed full of anticipation.”可知，很多人来参加选拔，在表演厅外应该是形成了“crowd（人群）”。B选项“party”意为“派对”，与选拔场景不搭；C选项“meeting”意为“会议”，这里不是召开会议；D选项“rehearsal”意为“排练”，此时还未开始排练，所以A选项“crowd”正确。 4. 答案：A 解析：前文提到从没想过自己会来参加，而后文又表达了对自己表现的担忧，由此可知作者是“instantly（立即，马上）”感到不安。B选项“constantly”意为“不断地”，作者不是一直处于不安状态，而是突然开始不安；C选项“initially”意为“最初”，但这里强调的是此刻突然产生的不安情绪；D选项“usually”意为“通常”，不符合突然感到不安的语境，所以A选项“instantly”正确。 5. 答案：B 解析：评委先让作者跳一段舞蹈，接着自然是要“evaluated（评估）”作者的舞蹈技能，以判断其是否适合在才艺表演中展示。A选项“promoted”意为“促进；提升”，与评估技能的语境不符；C选项“doubted”意为“怀疑”，这里主要是对技能进行评判，不是怀疑；D选项“improved”意为“提高”，此时是在评估而不是提高技能，所以B选项“evaluated”正确。 6. 答案：D 解析：评委点头并称赞作者，基于此作者觉得自己有“shot（机会）”争取一个重要的表演位置。A选项“request”意为“请求”，这里强调的是有机会，不是提出请求；B选项“reputation”意为“名声”，与争取表演位置的逻辑关系不大；C选项“goal”意为“目标”，这里更强调基于当前情况觉得有实现目标的机会，所以D选项“shot”正确。 7. 答案：B 解析：从“My friends checked and rushed back, yelling, ‘Lily, you got the opening act!’”可知，表演名单是被“displayed（展示，张贴）”出来，大家才能看到。A选项“exchanged”意为“交换”，与公布名单的意思不符；C选项“debated”意为“辩论”，不符合公布名单的语境；D选项“confirmed”意为“确认”，这里重点是名单展示出来供大家查看，所以B选项“displayed”正确。 8. 答案：C 解析：作者得知自己获得开场表演的机会，心情激动，“well up”表示“（情绪）涌起”，在此处能很好地体现作者激动的心情。A选项“cheer up”意为“使高兴起来”，通常是从低落情绪变得高兴，这里作者一开始就很高兴；B选项“break down”意为“崩溃；分解”，与高兴的语境相反；D选项“calm down”意为“冷静下来”，不符合激动的情绪，所以C选项“well up”正确。 9. 答案：C 解析：根据“that gave me a huge dose of self - assurance”可知，让作者信心大增的应该是观众开始“cheering（欢呼）”。A选项“chatting”意为“聊天”，不会让作者信心大增；B选项“laughing”意为“笑”，一般的笑也不足以带来很大的信心提升；D选项“leaving”意为“离开”，更不符合让作者信心增强的语境，所以C选项“cheering”正确。 10. 答案：A 解析：作者通过这次表演收获了自信，这种自信让作者感觉“stronger（更强大）”，且“stronger”与前文“self - assurance”及后文“stepping out of my comfort bubble”相呼应，表达因为尝试新事物获得自信从而内心变得更强大。B选项“luckier”意为“更幸运”，这里强调的是自身状态的改变，不是幸运；C选项“smarter”意为“更聪明”，与自信和尝试新事物的逻辑联系不紧密；D选项“warmer”意为“更温暖”，不符合语境，所以A选项“stronger”正确。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Embracing mindfulness can have a profound impact on our well-being. Setting aside time ____11____（meditate）enables us to cultivate a more acute sense of ____12____（self - perceive）. When we engage in mindfulness, we open up space to contemplate our mental states and emotional reactions, which not only helps us recognize the crucial aspects of our existence but also ____13____（provide）us with the chance to make beneficial decisions. To truly integrate mindfulness into our lives, we must establish distinct ____14____（routine）in our daily schedules. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On June 15, 2024, Sarah Thompson ____15____（award）the Young Scientist of the Year. And when ____16____（ask）about the key to her success, she emphasized perseverance. Thompson, ____17____ is always absorbed in her research, attributed her unwavering efforts to her remarkable achievements at such a young age. “Success is not a one - time event; it's the result of continuous dedication and hard work,” she stated. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One sunny morning, I noticed a girl walking along Maple Street with a stack of art books. I thought ____18____myself, “Why does she carry so many art - related materials?” Just at that moment, a strong wind blew, ____19____（blow）her art sketches all over the place. Her colored pencils rolled in every direction. I felt a pang of sympathy for her and ____20____（rush）over to help. As I handed her the scattered pencils, she looked at me with gratitude and said, “Thank you so much!” 【答案】 11．to meditate 12．self - perception 13．provides 14．routines 15．was awarded 16．asked 17．who 18．to 19．blowing 20．Rushed A 11. 答案：to meditate 解析：考查固定搭配“set aside time to do sth.”，意思是“留出时间做某事”，这里表示留出时间去冥想，“to meditate”是动词不定式作目的状语，所以应填“to meditate”。 12. 答案：self-perception 解析：“a more acute sense of...”后面需要接名词，“self - perception”是名词，意为“自我认知”，“self - perceive”是其动词形式，这里考查了词性转换，将动词转换为名词，符合语境，所以填“self - perception”。 13. 答案：provides 解析：“which not only helps us recognize the crucial aspects of our existence but also...”中，“which”引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“When we engage in mindfulness, we open up space to contemplate our mental states and emotional reactions” ，在从句中作主语。“not only...but also...”连接两个并列的谓语动词，前面的谓语动词是“helps”，根据主谓一致原则，这里的“provide”也应用第三人称单数形式“provides”。 14. 答案：routines 解析：“routine”是可数名词，意为“惯例；常规”。根据语境“To truly integrate mindfulness into our lives, we must establish distinct...in our daily schedules.”，这里说的是要在日常生活中建立不同的常规，不止一个，所以要用复数形式“routines”。 B 15. 答案：was awarded 解析：根据时间状语“On June 15, 2024”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。“Sarah Thompson”和“award”之间是被动关系，即“Sarah Thompson被授予……奖”，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语“Sarah Thompson”是第三人称单数，所以用“was awarded”。 16. 答案：asked 解析：这是一个省略句，完整的句子是“And when she was asked about the key to her success...”。当时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致（都是“she”），且从句中含有be动词（“was”）时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，所以这里填“asked”。 17. 答案：who 解析：“who...is always absorbed in her research”是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Thompson”，指人，在从句中作主语。“be absorbed in...”是固定短语，意为“专注于……”，这里用一般现在时描述她通常的状态，“is always absorbed in her research”表示“总是专注于她的研究”，符合语境。 C 18. 答案：to 解析：考查固定短语“think to oneself”，意思是“心里想；暗自思忖”，所以这里应填“to”。 19. 答案：blowing 解析：“a strong wind blew, blowing her art sketches all over the place”中，“blowing her art sketches all over the place”是现在分词短语作结果状语。“a strong wind blew”和“blow her art sketches all over the place”之间是主动关系，即大风导致了她的艺术草图被吹得到处都是，所以用现在分词“blowing”。 20. 答案：rushed 解析：根据前文“One sunny morning, I noticed...”以及“I felt a pang of sympathy for her”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的一系列动作，时态应用一般过去时。“rush”的过去式是“rushed”，“rushed over to help”表示“冲过去帮忙”，符合语境，所以填“rushed”。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分, 满分28分） 阅读下列短文, 掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Multilingual Dialogue Project offers students a unique opportunity to team up in pairs and communicate in two diverse languages they are passionate about sharing and mastering every fortnight. After each collaborative session with their partners, students are obliged to write brief summaries, documenting the language skills honed, the communication strategies employed, and the cultural insights exchanged during the conversation. Each pair will have four encounters with an instructor throughout the semester, and the instructor will evaluate the quality and effectiveness of their language exchange, providing constructive feedback to foster their growth. Students who successfully conclude this project will be rewarded with two academic credits. Completion Requirements: · Attend an opening-ceremony on the third Friday of the semester to understand the project's goals and expectations. · Participate in 12 fortnightly, 90 - minute pair sessions dedicated to immersive language practice. · Submit fortnightly progress reports for all pair meetings, highlighting achievements, challenges, and areas for improvement. · Have at least four meetings with the instructor to receive personalized guidance. · Create a ten-minute final presentation video that showcases the overall learning journey, key takeaways, and the impact of the language exchange on their skills and perspectives. Registration Process: Students register and clearly state the languages they are proficient in and can offer for sharing, along with the languages they are eager to learn. Based on the information provided by each student, the system will identify potential pairs with complementary language interests and needs. Language proficiency levels will be verified through a combination of previous academic transcripts and online proficiency quizzes. Once a suitable pair is determined, students will be individually notified via email with a unique registration code to officially enroll in the project. Important Reminders: Registering for the Multilingual Dialogue Project does not guarantee automatic enrollment. Pairings are carefully arranged considering multiple factors such as language interests, proficiency levels, and time - zone compatibility. Due to the complexity of the matching process, not all students who register will be successfully paired and gain entry to the project. 21. In the Multilingual Dialogue Project, students will ______. A. organize cultural events related to the languages B. assess the effectiveness of their communication strategies C. meet the instructor every fortnight D. enhance their language skills and cultural awareness 22. To complete the project, students must ______. A. design online proficiency quizzes B. take part in fortnightly pair sessions C. host the opening-ceremony D. produce fortnightly presentation videos 23. What must students do during the registration? A. Indicate the languages they are proficient in and those they want to learn. B. Select the time-zone that suits them best for pair sessions. C. Contact potential partners directly. D. Decide on the format of the progress reports. 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．A 【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了多语言对话项目，包括项目为学生提供的语言交流机会、完成项目的要求、注册流程以及注册不代表自动入学的重要提醒。 21．细节理解题。选项A：文中未提及学生要组织与语言相关的文化活动，所以A选项错误。选项B：根据“the instructor will evaluate the quality and effectiveness of their language exchange”可知，是导师评估语言交流的质量和效果，而不是学生评估自己的交流策略，B选项错误。选项C：文中提到“Each pair will have four encounters with an instructor throughout the semester”，一学期有四次与导师见面的机会，并非每两周一次，C选项错误。选项D：从“communicate in two diverse languages they are passionate about sharing and mastering”以及“documenting the language skills honed, the communication strategies employed, and the cultural insights exchanged during the conversation”可知，学生在项目中通过用两种语言交流，锻炼语言技能，还能交流文化见解，从而增强语言技能和文化意识，D选项正确。 22．细节理解题。选项 A：根据 “Language proficiency levels will be verified through a combination of previous academic transcripts and online proficiency quizzes.”，设计在线水平测试不是学生的任务，而是用于验证学生语言水平的方式，A 选项错误。选项 B：“Participate in 12 fortnightly, 90 - minute pair sessions dedicated to immersive language practice.” 明确表明学生必须参加每两周一次的配对课程，B 选项正确。选项 C：文中是 “Attend an opening - ceremony on the third Friday of the semester”，学生是参加开幕式，而不是主持开幕式，C 选项错误。选项 D：文中要求是 “Create a ten-minute final presentation video”，制作一个十分钟的最终展示视频，不是每两周制作一次展示视频，D 选项错误。 23．选项 A：“Students register and clearly state the languages they are proficient in and can offer for sharing, along with the languages they are eager to learn.” 表明学生在注册时需要说明他们精通并能分享的语言以及渴望学习的语言，A 选项正确。选项 B：文中提到配对会考虑时区兼容性，但并没有说学生注册时要选择最适合自己配对课程的时区，B 选项错误。选项 C：根据 “Based on the information provided by each student, the system will identify potential pairs”，是系统根据学生提供的信息确定潜在配对，而不是学生直接联系潜在伙伴，C 选项错误。选项 D：文中未提及学生注册时要决定进度报告的格式，D 选项错误。 B When I was a young lad, I was crazy about constructing things with building blocks, freely and exuberantly creating various structures in my room. In primary school, I started to learn calligraphy. Writing Chinese characters seemed to be a form of construction, carefully shaping each stroke to form beautiful characters, which were like small architectural wonders, elegant and meaningful. In middle school, handicraft was my top - choice subject. Because I was so passionate about it, I assumed I had a natural talent for it. For the handicraft mid - term exam, I had to make a wooden model. I found the process arduous, yet still harbored high hopes of getting a good grade. To my dismay, I failed miserably. I had been overly self - assured. Now I was made to feel talent - lacking. However, other outlets for creativity remained accessible: I delved into writing short stories and composing simple melodies. Additionally, I frequently visited handicraft exhibitions. I also kept up my habit of sketching, which I now regarded as naive scribbling. In my thirties, I befriended professional artisans and learned new perspectives on handicrafts. Nevertheless, I couldn't bring myself to actually try advanced handicraft techniques. Even though these new friends were wood - carvers, potters, or metal - smiths, I considered intricate wood - carving as a forbidden high - level craft that I wasn't permitted to attempt. One midnight, in my early forties, I had a vivid dream. An old man with a long beard approached me, handed me a set of carving tools, and urged me to start carving. The dream was so compelling that it deeply affected me. It was like a spark of inspiration, reigniting a passion I had long suppressed. In response, I began by practicing simple wood - carving patterns. Eventually, I gathered the courage to attempt more complex carving projects. Although I have relished breaking my decades - long hesitation about attempting intricate wood - carving, I've found that I now have a preference for paper - cutting and origami. I transform my simple paper - cut works into unique gifts for my family. It all feels liberating and stress - free. This time, I can acknowledge my limitations yet still persevere. Achieving success in handicrafts demands unwavering determination. I realized that I had always been afraid of aiming too high. That dream reminded me that those fears and aspirations could drive me to take risks and explore new possibilities. 24. How did the author feel after failing the handicraft exam? A. Terrified. B. Anxious. C. Disheartened. D. Indignant. 25. In his thirties, the author ______. A. refrained from trying intricate wood-carving B. strived for a career in handicrafts C. was fascinated by pottery D. displayed his childhood sketches 26. Which word best depicts the author's dream? A. Mystifying. B. Motivating. C. Troubling. D. Amusing. 27. What can we infer from this passage? A. Rome was not built in a day. B. Fortune favors the bold. C. Dreams are the forerunners of reality. D. Creative pursuits require self - belief. 【答案】24．C 25．A 26．B 27. D 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者从小热爱手工相关活动，中学时手工考试失败后变得不自信，虽一直保持创作但不敢尝试复杂工艺，四十岁初时的一个梦激励作者重拾勇气，尝试木雕并最终发现自己更偏爱剪纸和折纸，从而领悟到追求创造力需要自信，要克服恐惧、勇于探索。 24. 答案：C 解析：文中提到“To my dismay, I failed miserably. I had been overly self - assured. Now I was made to feel talent-lacking.”，“dismay”意思是沮丧、灰心，表明作者因为考试失败，从过度自信变得觉得自己缺乏天赋，这种情绪是“disheartened（沮丧的，灰心的）”。A选项“Terrified”意为极度恐惧的，文中未体现作者恐惧；B选项“Anxious”是焦虑的，文章重点强调的是失败后的灰心丧气，而非焦虑；D选项“Indignant”表示愤慨的，不符合作者失败后的情绪，所以选C。 25. 答案：A 解析：根据“Nevertheless, I couldn't bring myself to actually try advanced handicraft techniques. Even though these new friends were wood - carvers, potters, or metal - smiths, I considered intricate wood - carving as a forbidden high - level craft that I wasn't permitted to attempt.”可知，作者在三十多岁时，尽管结交了手工艺专业人士，但还是没有尝试复杂的木雕技术，“refrained from trying intricate wood - carving”意思是克制自己不尝试复杂木雕，符合文意。B选项“strived for a career in handicrafts”，文中没有提及作者在三十多岁时努力追求手工艺事业；C选项“was fascinated by pottery”，虽然提到有陶艺家朋友，但未表明作者对陶艺着迷；D选项“displayed his childhood sketches”，文中只是说作者一直有素描的习惯并认为是幼稚的涂鸦，未提及展示童年素描，所以选A。 26. 答案：B 解析：文中提到“The dream was so compelling that it deeply affected me. It was like a spark of inspiration, reigniting a passion I had long suppressed.”，说明这个梦很有说服力，像灵感的火花，重新点燃了作者长久压抑的激情，所以这个梦是“Motivating（激励人的）”。A选项“Mystifying”意为神秘的，让人迷惑的，梦给作者带来的是激励而非迷惑；C选项“Troubling”是令人烦恼的，与原文梦对作者的积极影响不符；D选项“Amusing”是有趣的，好玩的，没有体现出梦对作者行动上的激励，所以选B。 27. 答案：D 解析：作者一开始对手工艺充满热情，考试失败后变得不自信，不敢尝试复杂的手工艺技术，后来在梦的激励下，克服恐惧，重新尝试，并且能够接受自己的局限继续坚持，整个过程体现了在追求创造力的过程中，自信（self - belief）的重要性。A选项“Rome was not built in a day”强调的是做事情需要时间和耐心，与文章主旨不符；B选项“Fortune favors the bold”意思是幸运眷顾勇敢的人，文章重点强调的是自信对追求创造力的影响，而非幸运与勇敢的关系；C选项“Dreams are the forerunners of reality”说梦是现实的先驱，文章重点不是在阐述梦与现实的关系，所以选D。 C The idea that our memories are like a perfectly organized library, where every event is stored neatly and retrieved accurately when needed, is appealing to many. Searching the term “memory accuracy hypothesis” returns a plethora（过多） of results that debate whether our recollections of the past are precise records of events or are they distorted constructs of our minds—a concept that some psychologists actually ponder deeply. Unfortunately, this isn't a straightforward scientific question. We will likely never be certain if it's true. Instead, we can utilize this concept to further psychological knowledge. The 19th-century psychologist William James argued that memory is a complex faculty that involves both the retention of past experiences and the reconstruction of those experiences in the present. While he acknowledged that some aspects of our memories are based on real events, he posited that our emotions, expectations, and subsequent experiences play a crucial role in shaping and altering our recollections. Modern neuroscience has shown that the process of memory formation and retrieval involves multiple regions of the brain and is influenced by various factors such as stress, sleep, and aging. No one fully understands exactly how these complex neural processes work within this “black box” of the brain. If empirical evidence from experiments fails to provide a clear picture of memory accuracy, theoretical reasoning won't necessarily clarify it either, since it depends on concepts and theories that are dependent on our current understanding of the brain and human behavior. Again, a “black box” situation. So, if we accept that the accuracy of our memories is uncertain, we also accept that we will never know if our memories are like a perfectly organized library. Then, we can shift our inquiry from “Are our memories completely accurate records of the past?” to “Can we model the process of memory as a library-like system?” Modeling psychological phenomena is what researchers strive to do. To aid our understanding of memory, we create models based on conceptual analogies that are relatable to us. In the early days of psychology, we thought of memory as a wax tablet, where experiences left impressions that could be retrieved later. In more recent times, we've developed the concept of the working memory model. Now that we are in the era of cognitive neuroscience, we have new concepts such as neural networks, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive biases. Not surprisingly, these new ideas inspire us to construct new models of memory. Models are not the reality, though. There's no use in arguing if memory is a wax tablet, a working memory system, or a result of neural network operations. All these models are tools to grapple with the unknown aspects of memory and to make new discoveries. And the more tools we possess, the more proficient and perceptive we can become in understanding memory. It can be envisioned that similar to the process of developing previous psychological models, creating the “library-like system” metaphor-based model of memory will also be an extremely rewarding endeavor. 28．What does the author aim to achieve by questioning a hypothesis? A．Propose a theory. B．Present an analysis. C．Offer a recommendation. D．Validate an analogy. 29．What is the closest meaning of the phrase “dependent on” underlined in Paragraph 2? A．Influenced by. B．Opposed to C．Separated from. D．With great satisfaction and responsibility. 30．Regarding William James' argument, the author's attitude is ______. A．approving B．skeptical. C．indifferent D．critical 31．It can be inferred from this passage that we should ______. A．contrast the current memory models with the earlier ones B．keep exploring the traditional memory models in the history of psychology C．halt the debate on whether memories are perfect records of the past D．transform the models of memory into real-life applications 【答案】28．C 29．A 30．A 31. C 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要内容是关于记忆准确性的假设难以从科学上证实，受 19 世纪心理学家威廉・詹姆斯观点及现代神经科学研究启发，我们应将对 “记忆是否为过去精确记录” 的探究转变为 “能否将记忆过程建模为类似图书馆系统”，如同过往构建心理学模型一样，新的基于概念类比的记忆模型是探索未知和发现的工具，不应纠结模型与现实的一致性，而应多借助模型增进对记忆的理解 。 28. 答案：C 解析：文章开篇提出 “记忆是否像完美组织的图书馆” 这一假设，接着指出这个问题难以确定答案，随后建议将探究方向从 “记忆是否完全准确记录过去” 转变为 “能否将记忆过程建模为类似图书馆的系统” ，这是作者给出的建议，而不是提出理论（A 选项）、进行分析（B 选项）或验证类比（D 选项）。所以答案选 C。 25. 答案：A 解析：文中提到 “since it depends on concepts and theories that are dependent on our current understanding of the brain and human behavior”，这里说理论推理依赖于一些概念和理论，而这些概念和理论又受到我们当前对大脑和人类行为理解的影响，“influenced by”（受…… 影响）最符合 “dependent on” 的意思；“opposed to” 表示 “反对”；“separated from” 表示 “与…… 分离”；“associated with” 表示 “与…… 有关联”，都不符合语境。所以答案是 A。 26. 答案：A 解析：作者在文中引用威廉・詹姆斯关于记忆的观点，即记忆是复杂的，涉及过去经历的保留和当下的重构，情感、期望和后续经历会影响记忆，并且在阐述过程中没有对其观点进行反驳或质疑，而是将其作为论述的一部分，说明作者对威廉・詹姆斯的观点是认可的（approving）；“skeptical” 表示 “怀疑的”；“indifferent” 表示 “冷漠的”；“critical” 表示 “批判的”，均不符合文意。所以选 A。 27. 答案：C 文章强调记忆的准确性难以确定，应将探究重点从争论记忆是否是完美记录转向构建记忆模型，所以我们应该停止关于记忆是否是完美记录过去的争论，C 选项正确；A 选项 “对比当前和早期的记忆模型” 不是文章重点强调的；B 选项 “继续探索心理学史上的传统记忆模型”，文章重点是构建新模型，而非只探索传统模型；D 选项 “将记忆模型转化为现实生活应用” 在文中未提及。所以选 C。 D The study of the Maasai tribe's（马赛部落）way of life in East Africa provides a vivid illustration of the likely moral framework of early human societies. Among the Maasai, social norms were not codified in written form and were often subtly conveyed, yet they were deeply ingrained in the community's consciousness. Theft and aggressive behaviors were frowned upon, while leadership succession, marital practices, and relations with neighboring tribes were guided by long-standing customs. Disputes were frequently settled through traditional dance competitions, as open and heated arguments were thought to disrupt the harmony of the community and were thus strongly prohibited. Given the harsh and challenging environment of the African savanna, where survival demanded cooperation and mutual support, the Maasai's practical approach to morality was both rational and necessary. The commonality of moral values across different cultures is remarkable, despite the fact that the relative importance of these values may differ depending on a particular group's historical experiences and ecological circumstances. Generally speaking, actions such as aggression and deception are condemned, while qualities like teamwork, modesty, and bravery are highly esteemed. These universal moral principles long preceded the emergence of organized religions with moral teachings or the establishment of written legal codes. Instead, they have their origins in the fundamental similarities of human needs and the shared cognitive and emotional processes that enable us to learn and adapt to our social surroundings. Our innate social instincts include a powerful longing to be part of a group. The positive regard of others brings a sense of satisfaction, whereas their disapproval evokes feelings of discomfort. These social emotions prime our minds to conform our actions to the norms and values of our social group, facilitating social cohesion and cooperation. More broadly, social instincts impel us to master the complex rules of social behavior in order to thrive in a community. The underlying mechanism involves the repurposing of a reward system that originally evolved to encourage behaviors essential for individual survival. Our brains utilize this system to learn and internalize patterns of behavior related to finding food sources, avoiding predators, and navigating our environment. Favorable survival habits conserve resources and increase the likelihood of survival. Similarly, positive social habits serve to enhance our social standing and relationships within the community. We learn to be honest even when dishonesty might seem advantageous in the short term, and we offer assistance to those in need, even when it requires personal sacrifice. In this way, we develop a moral compass that differentiates between right and wrong. The advantages of social living come with corresponding responsibilities: we must coexist harmoniously, but also assert our own boundaries. Therefore, self-restraint is a valuable trait. In humans, the significantly larger brain compared to other animals enhances our ability to exercise self-control, much like it improves our capacity to solve problems in both social and physical contexts. These capabilities are further enhanced by our advanced language skills, which allow for the development of intricate social practices and cultural norms. 32．What can be inferred about the establishment of the Maasai's moral framework? A．Ecological challenges were the impetus. B．Unwritten customs were the objective. C．Leadership succession was the foundation. D．Teamwork was the core. 33．What can we conclude from this passage? A．Personal gain is the reason for aggressive behavior. B．Shared cognitive processes result in universal values. C．Language skills are restricted by social surroundings. D．Organized religions have a decisive impact on moral values. 34．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．Moral Values: Connecting Different Cultures B．The Significance of Self-restraint C．Brains: The Key to Social Harmony D．The Origins of Morality 【答案】32．A 33．B 34．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要内容是通过马赛部落的生活方式展现早期人类社会的道德框架，指出不同文化中道德价值观存在共性，这些普遍的道德原则早于宗教和法律，源于人类基本需求和共有的认知情感过程，其形成机制与原本用于个体生存的奖励系统有关，且社会生活带来的益处伴随着相应责任，人类大脑的发展增强了自我控制和解决问题的能力，语言能力也促进了复杂社会规范的形成。 32. 答案：A 解析：根据文中 “Given the harsh and challenging environment of the African savanna, where survival demanded cooperation and mutual support, the Maasai's practical approach to morality was both rational and necessary.” 可知，由于非洲大草原恶劣且具有挑战性的环境，生存需要合作和相互支持，所以马赛人的道德框架是合理且必要的。这表明生态挑战是马赛人建立道德框架的推动力，A 选项正确。B选项 “Unwritten customs were the objective.”（不成文的习俗是目标），文中提到不成文的习俗是道德规范的一种表现形式而非目标，所以B错误。C选项 “Leadership succession was the foundation.”（领导权的继承是基础），领导权的继承只是马赛人社会规范中的一部分，并非道德框架建立的基础，C错误。D选项 “Teamwork was the core.”（团队合作是核心），虽然文中提到生存需要合作，但不能就此推断团队合作是道德框架的核心，文章强调的是生态环境对道德框架建立的影响，D错误。 33. 答案：B 解析：由文中“These universal moral principles long preceded the emergence of organized religions with moral teachings or the establishment of written legal codes. Instead, they have their origins in the fundamental similarities of human needs and the shared cognitive and emotional processes that enable us to learn and adapt to our social surroundings.”可知，普遍的道德原则早于有道德教义的有组织宗教和书面法律的出现，它们源于人类基本需求的相似性以及使我们能够学习和适应社会环境的共同认知和情感过程。这说明共同的认知过程导致了普遍价值观的产生，B选项正确。A选项“Personal gain is the reason for aggressive behavior.”（个人利益是攻击性行为的原因），文中未提及个人利益与攻击性行为的关系，A 错误。C 选项 “Language skills are restricted by social surroundings.”（语言技能受到社会环境的限制），文中提到 “These capabilities are further enhanced by our advanced language skills, which allow for the development of intricate social practices and cultural norms.”，说明语言技能促进了社会规范的发展，而不是受到社会环境限制，C错误。D选项 “Organized religions have a decisive impact on moral values.”（有组织的宗教对道德价值观有决定性影响），与文中“These universal moral principles long preceded the emergence of organized religions with moral teachings...”不符，普遍道德原则早于有组织宗教的出现，所以有组织宗教对道德价值观不是决定性影响，D错误。 34. 答案：D 解析：文章开篇以马赛部落的道德框架为例，接着阐述了不同文化中道德价值观的共性，以及这些道德原则的起源，包括人类需求的相似性、认知和情感过程、大脑的奖励系统等，主要围绕道德的起源展开论述，所以D选项 “The Origins of Morality”（道德的起源）作为标题最合适。A选项“Moral Values: Connecting Different Cultures”（道德价值观：连接不同文化），文章重点不是强调道德价值观连接不同文化，而是探讨道德的起源，A错误。B选项“The Significance of Self-restraint”（自我约束的重要性），自我约束只是文章中关于道德的一个方面，不能全面概括文章内容，B错误。C选项“Brains: The Key to Social Harmony”（大脑：社会和谐的关键），大脑在文章中是作为解释道德形成机制的一部分，不是文章的核心主题，C错误。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分, 满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you aim to achieve outstanding creativity, is it better to be a diver (潜水者) or a surfer? The diver delves deep into one area, exploring its intricacies thoroughly, while the surfer rides the waves of various ideas, hopping from one domain to another. Is there an obvious superiority of one approach over the other? Diver-style thinkers often believe so. 35 And they are typically highly regarded for their depth of understanding in their chosen area. According to Dr. Lisa Smith, the “diver concept” is one of the key elements that drive individuals to become experts in their fields. They concentrate on a single area and master it comprehensively. They figure out where their true passion lies within that area. 36 The diver concept seems to be a reliable path for those seeking expertise. 37 Professor Mark Johnson has analyzed the creative outputs of artists who either focus deeply on one style or experiment with multiple styles. He has discovered that divers are not only less likely to come up with innovative ideas across different contexts compared to surfers, but also that they are more reluctant to adapt their existing creative approaches when faced with new trends or challenges. The advantage that surfers possess is that they are more inclined to draw inspiration from a wide variety of sources, and they are at ease with ambiguity and fresh ideas. 38 They strive to incorporate new elements into their creative work rather than ignoring them. They also have a more accurate assessment of their creative capabilities and limitations. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a surfer-diver style. 39 The choice between being a diver and a surfer is a false dichotomy. The most effective way to foster creativity is to try to be that uncommon blend known as a surfer-diver. A．In other words, each approach has its own distinct benefits. B．They are more likely to stick to traditional creative methods. C．Thus, they enjoy the advantage of profound knowledge and confidence. D．But there can be a drawback to focusing solely on one creative area. E．However, divers are also open to new perspectives within their own field. F．When an idea conflicts with their current creative style, they don't dismiss it as irrelevant. G．They firmly take a stand on one creative direction and wholeheartedly support it. 【答案】35．G 36．C 37．D 38. F 39. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章探讨在追求卓越创造力时，做专注深入一个领域的 “潜水者” 还是涉猎多种想法的 “冲浪者” 更好，“潜水者” 式思考者认为专注有优势，专注能让人成为专家，但研究发现 “潜水者” 在跨情境创新及适应新趋势方面不如 “冲浪者”，“冲浪者” 能从多源获取灵感、接受不确定性，两种方式各有优势，最有效的是成为兼具两者特点的 “冲浪者 - 潜水者”。 35. 答案：G 解析：前文提到“Diver-style thinkers often believe so.”，说明潜水者风格的思考者认为专注一种方式有优势，且后文阐述他们因专注一个领域而被高度认可，G选项“They firmly take a stand on one creative direction and wholeheartedly support it.”（他们坚定地支持一种创作方向，并全心全意地支持它）能够很好地体现潜水者专注于一个方向的特点，与上下文逻辑连贯，所以选G。 36. 答案：C 解析：此空前面描述潜水者专注于一个领域并全面掌握，明确自己的热情所在，C选项“Thus, they enjoy the advantage of profound knowledge and confidence.”（因此，他们享有深厚知识和信心的优势）是对前面内容的总结，说明这种专注带来的好处，因果关系合理，故C选项正确。 37. 答案：D 解析：上一段强调了潜水者专注的优势，而此空后面引用教授的研究，指出潜水者在跨情境创新和适应新趋势方面不如冲浪者，存在劣势。D 选项 “But there can be a drawback to focusing solely on one creative area.”（但仅仅专注于一个创意领域可能存在缺点）起到了承上启下的作用，引出下文对潜水者劣势的阐述，所以选 D。 36. 答案：F 解析：前文提到冲浪者的优势是从多种来源获取灵感，对模糊和新想法适应良好，F选项“When an idea conflicts with their current creative style, they don't dismiss it as irrelevant.”（当一个想法与他们当前的创作风格相冲突时，他们不会将其视为无关紧要而不予理会）进一步说明了冲浪者对待新想法的积极态度，与前文冲浪者的特点相呼应，符合语境，因此选F。 37. 答案：A 解析：最后一段讨论哪种方式更好，提出做潜水者和冲浪者并非二选一，最有效的是兼具两者特点。A 选项 “In other words, each approach has its own distinct benefits.”（换句话说，每种方法都有其独特的好处）总结了前文对潜水者和冲浪者各自优势的论述，为后文阐述两者结合的观点做铺垫，所以 A 选项正确。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，满分32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，满分12分） 阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求回答问题。 Growing up, I idolized self-reliance. I always yearned for my own capabilities to be sufficient. When I made up my mind to pursue a professional career in the field of graphic design, I was eager to create a unique design concept and swiftly establish myself as an independent designer. However, I was overly optimistic about what I could actually accomplish. As I started sketching out my design projects, my colleagues cautioned me about the difficulties I would encounter. But my strong desire for self-reliance propelled me to press ahead with my design plan. Consequently, the initial three years of my career in graphic design were marked by a string of setbacks. During my first year, I failed to win a major design competition because my work lacked a clear theme. In my second year, I realised that after spending countless hours on a project for a client, the final result was rejected due to a misunderstanding of the client's needs. By my third year, my intense eagerness to succeed overtook my longing for self-reliance. My mentor and I came up with an unconventional solution: I would spend two months interning at a renowned design studio to gain more professional experience. I worked closely with senior designers, bombarded them with questions, and participated actively in various projects to absorb as much knowledge as possible. Eventually, I completed a remarkable design project that would have been unfeasible without the guidance and support of the studio members. My mentor regarded this experience as a remarkable achievement, highlighting the collaborative skills I had acquired. A few months later, when I applied the skills and insights I gained from the internship to my own projects in my regular workplace, I produced more high-quality design works that received praise from clients. By learning when to seek help, I finally found myself on the path to becoming an independent and accomplished designer. 40. In the beginning, what motivated the author to carry on with the design plan? 41. What was the solution proposed by the mentor and the author after those successive setbacks? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▷ The mentor considered the author’s experience in the studio a remarkable achievement because high-quality design works had been produced. 43. From this story, what can you learn about “self-reliance”?(In about 40 words) 【答案】 40. The author's strong desire for self - reliance. 41. The author would spend two months interning at a renowned design studio to gain more professional experience. 42. The mentor considered the author’s experience in the studio a remarkable achievement because high - quality design works had been produced. The mentor considered the author's experience a remarkable achievement because the author acquired collaborative skills. 43. Self-reliance is not equivalent to blindly insisting on doing everything alone without any external help. It's crucial to recognize that there are times when seeking assistance is a sign of wisdom, not weakness. We should have the discernment to know when to rely on our own capabilities and when to reach out for support from others. By integrating our individual efforts with collaborative learning and cooperation, we can truly develop the comprehensive abilities needed to achieve self-reliance and attain success in our endeavors.（答案言之有理即可） 第二节（满分20分） 44．假设你是光明中学高三学生李华。你的外国笔友Tom对中国科技很感兴趣，打算参加学校组织的“全球科技前沿”演讲比赛，发来邮件询问你关于中国近期科技成果的相关信息。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1． 推荐介绍的科技成果； 2． 阐述该成果的影响力。 注意: 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 【答案】（One Possible Version） Dear Tom, I'm extremely delighted to hear that you're going to participate in the "Global Technology Frontier" speech contest. Knowing your enthusiasm for Chinese technology, I'd like to recommend that you introduce Chinese AI models, such as ERNIE developed by Baidu and Tongyi Qianwen by Alibaba. These remarkable AI models have had a profound impact on various aspects of society. In the realm of natural language processing, what they can do is truly amazing. They are capable of accurately understanding complex semantics, generating high - quality texts, and conducting seamless language translations. This not only boosts the efficiency of content creation for writers and journalists but also breaks down language barriers in cross - cultural communication. Moreover, serving as intelligent chatbots, they have transformed customer service. By handling a large number of inquiries promptly, they ensure better user experiences for companies. In the medical field, analyzing vast amounts of medical images and data, they assist doctors in making more accurate disease diagnoses. I'm convinced that choosing this topic will make your speech stand out. If you need any further details, feel free to let me know. Yours, Li Hua 【评解】 【总体分】] ①题材：本文是一封回复邮件，旨在帮助外国笔友获取参加演讲比赛所需的关于中国近期科技成果的信息。 ②时态：主要时态为一般现在时，用于阐述科技成果的现状及影响力，在提及过去的研发等情况时可能会涉及一般过去时，如“developed by Baidu” 。 ③提示：根据笔友需求，围绕推荐中国科技成果（AI模型）并阐述其影响力展开，内容丰富且逻辑连贯。 【写作步骤】 第一步，在开头表明知悉笔友参加演讲比赛的事情，并推荐中国AI模型作为演讲主题，清晰回应笔友请求。 第二步，从多个领域详细阐述AI模型的影响力，如自然语言处理、客户服务、医疗领域等，通过列举具体作用和成果，丰富内容。 第三步，结尾表达对笔友选择该主题演讲的信心，以及提供进一步帮助的意愿，使邮件内容完整、友好。 【亮点词汇】 ①exert 运用；施加（影响等），比have更能精准表达“产生深远影响” 。 ②realm 领域，比field更正式、书面，丰富了语言表达。 ③seamless 无缝的，用于描述语言翻译，形象生动地体现出AI模型翻译的流畅性。 [高分句型] ①what they can do is truly amazing.（what引导的主语从句，突出AI模型的能力令人惊叹，增强了表达效果。） ②By handling a large number of inquiries promptly, they ensure better user experiences for companies.（by + doing结构作方式状语，简洁明了地说明AI模型作为智能聊天机器人提升用户体验的方式。） ③I'm convinced that choosing this topic will make your speech stand out.（that引导的宾语从句，表明作者坚信所选主题能让演讲脱颖而出，使观点表达更明确。） 试卷第2页，共22页 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$