专题-S712 选修四 Unit 1 Science Fiction 七选五【题型易-考试题型精练】高二下(选择性必修四)英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（人教版2019）

专题-S712七选五 人教版选择性必修四 题型特训 Unit 1 Science Fiction 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·辽宁沈阳·期末）The history of the school bus can date back to 1886 when Wayne Works company made horse-drawn carriages (四轮马车) known as “school wagons” or “kid hacks” in Indiana. 1 In the early 1900s, the car industry was beginning to develop fast. This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages. 2 But the design remained mostly the same as that of the previous ones, with students sitting along the walls of the bus while facing inside. In 1927, a man built the first bus that primarily used steel. 3 Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children’s safety. This led to a turning point in the history of the school bus in 1939, when a conference was organised at Manhattan College to develop school bus standards. Many new national standards were created, determining everything from seating designs to the famous yellow colour that school buses still sport today. 4 Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings. The colour is easy to see in the early morning and evening light when school buses usually operate. 5 For example, a variety of changes have been made to enable the school bus to not only be safer but also have better fuel economy, be easier to drive, etc. The most creative approach among all of these is probably a kind of stop signal arm that warns traffic of a stop in progress, which states began to require in the early 1950s. A．Horses were easy to control. B．Not all chose to paint their buses yellow. C．The reason why the colour was chosen was simple. D．Before then, many children simply walked to school. E．Now, school buses have had many more improvements. F．The company managed to make its carriages powered by engines. G．Before long, Wayne Works introduced the first all-steel school bus body with safety glass windows. Passage 2 （23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say? 1 For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it. But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction. 2 This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies. The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends. 3 Instead, the team was showing how easy it is to create what appears to be a data-driven measure of an addictive behavior, which actually is a normal part of everyday life. The idea of being addicted to offline friendships is ridiculous, but that is what is happening in the digital technology research literature. We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive. 4 It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use. 5 Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it. Thinking about our technology use in terms of habit offers us a much wider range of options. Rather than getting rid of technology altogether, we can seek our digital experience that promote positive effects while minimizing negative impacts. A．Many of us are likely to develop bad habits. B．Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral. C．For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind. D．This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad. E．Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing. F．A recent study has revealed evidence that shows positive effects of digital use. G．Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·广东佛山·期中）For individuals with hearing loss, listening to conversations in noisy environments can be particularly challenging. Unfortunately, traditional hearing aids adopt a “one-size-fits-all” approach to processing sounds, regardless of the listening needs of individual users. 1 Users may also experience a lack of sound clarity (清楚) and do not want to engage in conversations with others. Good news is that a hearing aid company named Oticon is taking an important step to solve this No. 1 challenge for people with hearing loss — hearing speech in noise. With new 4D Sensor technology, Oticon Intent, a new device, is capable of understanding the users’ listening intentions. 2 In this way, it is able to deliver truly personalised support. But the true hero in sound processing is the brain, as it is constantly working to make sense of sound. Oticon’s new technology provides the brain with access to the full sound environment. 3 In conversation, users tend to keep their heads still to engage with a single person. Or they move their heads in a group conversation to engage with different people. When struggling to hear what someone is saying, users are likely to lean (倾斜) in to listen. The technology in Oticon Intent understands and adapts to the user through sensors that monitor head and body movements. It helps users move beyond just hearing and listening. 4 . Thomas Behrens, Vice President of the company, said, “This small device has up to 20 hours of battery life. 5 When the device requires a recharge, users can simply place it into the charger for just 30 minutes to obtain up to 8 hours of battery life.” A．Thus, it is able to prevent memory loss. B．It can recognise what people want and need to listen to. C．Moreover, it helps them communicate and fully engage in life. D．This may make listening and engaging with others more difficult. E．That means users will never have to worry about running out of battery. F．Take a step towards better hearing by contacting your nearest hearing care professional. G．People's communication behaviour reflects their listening intentions via head and body movements. Passage 4 （23-24高二下·山东临沂·期中）It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries. 1 It was a device developed by two former fellows with the Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign. This foot-operated resuscitator (呼吸机) was designed for clinicians who often must work alone when a newborn struggles to take a first breath. 2 When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs. But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag. 3 Avijit Bansal, MD, a pulmonologist from India, was well aware of this earlier. In 2011, he met a like-minded researcher and they began work on a solution. As the article notes: They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator. 4 With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently. The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali. 5 A．It is helping save lives, and people are taking notice. B．That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe. C．We have created a new way of performing an age-old procedure. D．Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina. E．Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences. F．In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple. G．It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation. Passage 5 （2024·广东·二模）Artificial Intelligence (AI) geolocation (互联网定位技术) solutions are changing the way researchers track and monitor wildlife, enabling more powerful conservation efforts. These systems use advanced sensors, satellite imagery, and machine learning algorithms (算法) to gather real-time data on animal movements, habitat preferences, and migration patterns. 1 Traditional tracking methods often rely on non-automatic tracking or inconvenient necklace-like systems, which may cause stress and discomfort to the animals. 2 The devices can work as tags and the camera traps can be set up remotely, which decreases human impact on wildlife. In addition, AI-powered devices collect and analyze data precisely. Through their assistance, scientists can gain insights into habitat choices and evaluate the effect of global warming on wild animal locations. 3 For example, by analyzing the collected data, conservationists can promote targeted habitat restoration efforts according to the patterns and connections they discovered with the help of AI geolocation devices. 4 By monitoring animals’ behavioral changes in real-time, researchers can quickly detect signs of environmental issues. Sudden changes in an animal’s movements could indicate threats or problems. Researchers can then respond immediately, potentially saving the animal’s life. Sharing geolocation data through online platforms can also help raise awareness about protecting endangered species. 5 This help them feel more connected to the issues wildlife face in habitats. The bond promotes a sense of responsibility among individuals and encourages them to contribute to wildlife conservation efforts through various means, such as donations, volunteer work, and so on. A．This knowledge enables them to make accurate and efficient decisions. B．However, AI tracking does not require disturbing contact with the animals. C．AI monitoring needs fewer battery replacements than the traditional methods. D．The solutions have offered the following key benefits to wildlife conservation. E．Directly engaging with conservation efforts gives people a first-hand experience. F．The AI geolocation technology significantly reduces the need for massive fieldwork. G．With real-time data, the AI solutions also function as an early warning for wildlife risks. 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·辽宁沈阳·期中）In a world where technology is king, hardly does a day go by without the launch of some “world-changing” product in the field of alternate reality. 1 These include VR, AR, MR, XR and the list goes on. Many people confuse augmented reality (AR) with virtual reality (VR) and understandably so. Both AR and VR offer alternate or altered reality experiences and as a result, it is easy for users to be attracted and wonder what is real and what is not. 2 Both aim to provide an enhanced or enriched experience to users, most commonly used in the gaming scene, but also increasingly used in other areas. However, AR and VR can be quite different in many ways. 3 Simply put, VR “transports” the user to another world, by “replacing” the real world with a virtual substitute most commonly done through helmets or goggles to completely immerse (使沉浸于) the gamer in a different reality. For example, it can make users feel as if they are falling, thereby igniting fear. AR, however, does not change the entire landscape of what users see. In fact, it adds to reality with digital images. While AR may be less immersive than VR, the success of games which use AR is proof that it can be just as or even more entertaining than VR games. 4 VR and AR are both powerful technologies which are still relatively new to many consumers. 5 They can completely change how we use our electronic devices in the future, but whether one will edge out the other is anyone’s guess. A．VR can be interactive or non-interactive. B．The main difference lies in the mode of delivery. C．In short, at the heart of VR and AR are two very similar technologies. D．However, they have already begun to shake things up in the gaming world. E．They would see computer made images as an overlay to what they see in real life. F．Moreover, since AR does not require the use of goggles or helmets, it is more accessible. G．It is also getting increasingly difficult to keep up with the “R” s that have come into existence. Passage 7 （23-24高二下·浙江·阶段练习）In today’s world, AI is increasingly becoming an integral part of our lives. 1 From personalizing learning to providing feedback, AI can help students a lot. Artificial intelligence has revolutionized how students are measured in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. By analyzing massive datasets, AI can quickly identify a student’s areas of strengths and weaknesses through the images they upload, videos they watch, and data gathered from feedback systems. 2 It promises to take us into a new era of educational success where no student is left behind. With the advancements in AI technology, each student can receive the most tailored education they need to reach their own educational goals. It can also aid in how to write an article review, potentially by being able to particularize how challenging certain elements are for students and how much further focus and practice any one student needs to accomplish their educational objectives. 3 In today’s ever-connected world, having access to reliable sources of information beyond normal business hours can make a huge difference in a person’s life. 4 Whether you’re seeking self-help resources to aid in studies or trying to navigate administrative processes, these conversational agents are often the ultimate solution for covering your informational needs outside of class hours, as they are always on hand. 5 A．AI-based chatbots offer just that, providing up-to-date information 24/7. B．Here are some benefits of AI for students that can help them in their studies. C．These data cannot reflect the whole picture of students’ performance, though. D．This timeless advantage has significantly reduced the workload for the educators. E．Thus, AI-supported personalized learning could finally create equal access to education. F．Therefore, they allow us to efficiently access services without worrying about time limit. G．It will also better identify potential areas for improvement in teaching and evaluating students. Passage 8 （23-24高二下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Four surprising ways algae (藻类) are driving innovation Algae can be a double-edged sword. Increased human activity and climate change have caused explosions of algae populations in water bodies around the world sometimes choking entire ecosystems of sunlight and oxygen. Even though they are so closely associated with humanity’s negative impact on Earth, algae could also play key roles in helping fight pollution, viruses, and more. 1 Filtering (过滤) water. With microplastic pollution documented in almost all water bodies, a recent study shows that through absorption, algae can help filter microplastics out of water. 2 Fueling air travel. 3 Researchers at a German algae cultivation facility are already using it to fuel drones. They believe this and other sustainable fuels could reduce carbon emissions from airplanes by up to 80 percent. Fighting viruses. Red algae can prevent the replication (复制) of some viruses, including COVID-19, according to a 2020 study. 4 Thus, it could become a powerful medication to treat HIV, the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (AIDS). 5 In 2019, freshwater algae were launched into space to turn the carbon dioxide exhaled (呼出) by astronauts on the International Space Station into oxygen. Since algae are also high in protein, they could replace up to 30 percent of astronaut food in the future. A．Making space food more nutritious. B．Making long-term space travel possible. C．These are several ways algae are solving modern problems. D．Some algae can also filter chemicals that can be used in fertilizers. E．Brown algae have been shown to stimulate the body’s immune system. F．Algae can produce more effective biofuels than traditional sources like soybeans. G．It aims to harvest algae for energy while keeping the environment pollution-free. Passage 9 （23-24高二下·湖南岳阳·开学考试）People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button. 1 This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so seamlessly that a household will appear to run itself. Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home. 2 An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners. Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home. 3 Home automation is not just for safety, however. 4 With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated. 5 Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair. A．A smart home doesn’t apply to all family members. B．It achieves this by saving homeowners time and money. C．There are some drawbacks with an automated home system. D．It can also provide convenience for people living in the home. E．Home automation depends on furniture and home temperatures. F．Through home automation, an entire house can be connected via a smart controller. G．Besides protecting people, it also offers security for expensive items inside a residence. Passage 10 （23-24高二下·重庆·阶段练习）The history of the school bus can date back to 1886 when the Wayne Works company made horse-drawn carriages (四轮马车) known as “ school wagons” or “kid hacks” in Indiana. 1 In the early 1900s, the car industry was beginning to develop fast. 2 The company managed to make its carriages powered by engines. But the design remained mostly the same as that of the previous ones, with students sitting along the walls of the bus while facing inside. In 1927, a man built the first bus that primarily used steel. Before long, Wayne Works introduced the first all-steel school bus body with safety glass windows. 3 This led to a turning point in the history of the school bus in 1939, when a conference was organised at Manhattan College to develop school bus standards. Many new national standards were created, determining everything from seating designs to the famous yellow color that school buses still sport today. The reason why the color was chosen was simple. 4 The color is especially easy to see in the early morning and evening light when school buses usually operate. 5 For example, a variety of changes have been made to enable the school bus to not only be safer but also have better fuel (燃料) economy, be easier to drive, etc. The most creative approach among all of these is probably a kind of stop signal arm that warns traffic of a stop in progress, which states began to require in the early 1950s. A．Horses were easy to control. B．Not all chose to paint their buses yellow. C．Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings. D．Before then, many children simply walked to school. E．Now, school buses have had many more improvements. F．Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children’s safety. G．This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages. 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·重庆·期中）People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button. 1 This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so smoothly that a household will appear to run itself. Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home. 2 An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners. Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home. 3 Home automation is not just for safety, however. 4 With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated. 5 Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair. A．Smart devices can talk to each other. B．It achieves this by saving homeowners time and money. C．There are some drawbacks with an automated home system. D．It can also provide convenience for people living in the home. E．Through home automation, an entire house can be connected via a smart controller. F．Besides protecting people, it also offers security for expensive items inside a residence. G．Home automation enables you to operate your equipment with the sound of your voice. Passage 12 （23-24高二下·安徽·阶段练习）Technology is around us everywhere, from simple devices like our smartphones, laptops and TV to background technology we don’t even notice. 1 From connecting with people across the globe at your comfortable home to running a business without a physical space, technology has impacted our lives positively. So, read on below: Technology boosts business. Many new tech advancements and innovations are made by and for businesses. Why? 2 New technology continues to come out faster than we can keep up with. The purpose is to boost business and make the daily management of enterprises (企业) more systematic, structured and successful. 3 Advancements in technology have made it easier for more people to access the Internet, resulting in online shopping being more popular now than ever. Currently, most people prefer to shop online without leaving the house because of its great convenience. Instead of wasting hours in the shopping mall, technology makes shopping simple. Technology has advanced education. Some examples include the availability of online courses and unlimited online resources for research. Before technology, you’d have to physically go to class or go to the library to do research. 4 Technology makes everyday life better. Think about the introduction of self-driving cars: they were unheard of a few years ago, and now they’re a reality. 5 For example, smart homes are now common. Smart hubs (智能集线器) allow households to connect their devices and appliances (电器), making life a lot easier. A．Technology makes online shopping possible. B．Technology has changed the world for the better. C．We need to use technology in a healthier and more careful way. D．Now, education is easier for everyone, no matter where you live. E．The way we use technology can help or harm ourselves and others. F．Besides, technology has also had a positive influence on household items. G．Because companies want to improve their products and services for profit. Passage 13 （2024·黑龙江吉林·模拟预测）Who can imagine life today without an Automated Teller Machine (ATM)? They are available in considerable numbers throughout the world. The first ATM was the brainchild of an enterprising Turkish-American inventor Luther George Simjian. When the idea of an automated banking machine struck him, he registered 20 patents before any bank agreed to give it a trial run. It is easy to assume that the inventor of such a popular machine was laughing all the way to the bank. 1 Within six months of its operation in New York in 1939, the device was removed due to lack of customer acceptance. It was not until 1967, nearly 30 years later, that Barclays Bank, in a careful launch, rolled out a self-service machine in London, England, which proved successful. 2 The first cash machine relied on customers’ use of prepaid tokens (代币) to get envelopes with a fixed amount of cash inside. 3 The banks’ principle was seemingly customer service. But it would be foolish to minimize the many advantages that cash machines provided to the banks themselves. By the late 1970s, the highest fixed cost for the average large bank was its branches. The greatest variable cost and loss to profits were its staff. Bank accounts swiftly recognized that self-service operations could reduce bank branch staff cost by70 percent. Experts quickly determined that public acceptance of ATMs counted on convenience, simplicity, speed, security and trust. 4 For maximum efficiency, ATMs had to be located near public transport or in a shopping mall, not at a branch. The busier and more crowded the location, obviously, the better. Now, roughly 75 percent of all cash provided by banks to their customers comes from cash machines. 5 . Public acceptance of deposits (存款) by machine was significantly slower than customers’ usage of ATMs for withdrawals. In general, it seems that customers sometimes still prefer and trust an over-the-counter transaction (交易) for deposits. A．Location, in particular, was a key factor. B．His cash machine, however, didn’t prove durable. C．The device was relatively primitive, at least by today’s standards. D．However, cash machines posed some interesting, unanswered questions. E．An interesting factor was the issue of bio-statistics for customer identification. F．Devices originally dismissed by the public are now recognized as essential institutions. G．Soon afterwards, many other banks became admittedly champions of the cash machine. Passage 14 （23-24高二下·陕西咸阳·阶段练习）The drive to create the new is part of our biological makeup. We build cultures by the hundreds and new stories by the millions. 1 But where do our new ideas come from? Through the history of human activities, prior art promotes the creative process. Before 1908, each vehicle was custom built, with different parts assembled in different places and then painstakingly brought together. 2 Nevertheless, the idea was something he learned about from the Chicago meatpacking industry. He simply assembled into a car the discoveries of other men behind whom were centuries of work. The mining of history happens not only in technology, but in the arts as well. Even in Picasso’s painting Les Demoisellesd’ Avignon, we can trace its genealogy (血统宗谱). 3 Take, for example, a surgeon named Anthony Cicoria, who in 1994 was speaking to his mother on an outdoor payphone when he was struck by a bolt of lightning. A few weeks later, he unexpectedly began composing and introduced his music works in subsequent years. If ever there were an example of creativity originating out of the thin air, this might be it. However, on closer inspection, Cicoria also turns out to rely on the raw materials around him. He recalls that, after his accident, he developed a strong desire to listen to nineteenth-century piano music. It is difficult to know what the lightning strike did to his brain, but it is clear that he rapidly absorbed these musical products. 4 We humans are always waiting for the creative lightning to strike. 5 Instead of new ideas being lit up by lightning bolts, they arise from the interweaving billions of microscopic sparks in the vast darkness of the brain. A．However, creative ideas evolve from existing memories and impressions. B．We surround ourselves with things that have never existed before, while pigs and llamas and goldfish do not. C．But is there any moment when someone is suddenly struck by an idea that comes from nowhere? D．But Henry Ford came up with a critical innovation of streamlining the entire process. E．It shares the same structure and progression as other paintings. F．No doubt the non-musician surely managed to compose due to the sudden idea flashing through his mind. G．His sudden desire to compose may have come from nowhere, but his basic creative process did not. Passage 15 （2024·山东济南·模拟预测）Over the past few decades, technology has advanced at an unprecedented rate, revolutionizing industries and shaping new ways of life. 1 According to the International Telecommunication Union, a key advocate of technological advancement, the rapid growth of technology has significantly improved the quality of life in numerous communities. It cites studies that show the integration of technology into daily lives has led to increased efficiency, more access to information, and even progress in healthcare in numerous regions. 2 Those who embrace technological progress argue that it creates new opportunities for individuals and businesses alike. For instance, farmers in remote areas can now access real-time market information and weather updates through smartphones, enabling them to make more informed decisions about their crops. Additionally, small businesses can expand their reach globally through online platforms. 3 They argue that while technology may bring benefits to some, it often expands the difference between the technologically informed and the digitally excluded. Studies conducted by organizations like the United Nations Development Programme reveal that many individuals, particularly those in developing regions or with limited resources, lag behind in accessing and utilizing technological advancements. 4 Furthermore, critics fear that the unchecked growth of technology may have negative impacts on society and the environment. For example, the rise of social media and the internet has led to an increase in cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and the spread of misinformation. Moreover, the overuse of technology may contribute to do-nothing lifestyles and other health issues. One thing is certain about technological progress — it is an inevitable trend. The rapid pace of innovation and the widespread availability of technology make it impossible to turn back. 5 A．But how can we take control of technology to our advantage? B．The question arises: Is technological progress beneficial for all? C．This digital divide can lead to increased social and economic gaps. D．However, critics of technological advancement hold a different view. E．These advancements have been particularly evident in rural and underserved areas. F．It ensures that the benefits of technological progress are shared equally across society. G．The challenge now is finding ways to command the power of technology to benefit all. 高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$专题-S712七选五 人教版选择性必修四 题型特训 Unit 1 Science Fiction 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·辽宁沈阳·期末）The history of the school bus can date back to 1886 when Wayne Works company made horse-drawn carriages (四轮马车) known as “school wagons” or “kid hacks” in Indiana. 1 In the early 1900s, the car industry was beginning to develop fast. This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages. 2 But the design remained mostly the same as that of the previous ones, with students sitting along the walls of the bus while facing inside. In 1927, a man built the first bus that primarily used steel. 3 Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children’s safety. This led to a turning point in the history of the school bus in 1939, when a conference was organised at Manhattan College to develop school bus standards. Many new national standards were created, determining everything from seating designs to the famous yellow colour that school buses still sport today. 4 Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings. The colour is easy to see in the early morning and evening light when school buses usually operate. 5 For example, a variety of changes have been made to enable the school bus to not only be safer but also have better fuel economy, be easier to drive, etc. The most creative approach among all of these is probably a kind of stop signal arm that warns traffic of a stop in progress, which states began to require in the early 1950s. A．Horses were easy to control. B．Not all chose to paint their buses yellow. C．The reason why the colour was chosen was simple. D．Before then, many children simply walked to school. E．Now, school buses have had many more improvements. F．The company managed to make its carriages powered by engines. G．Before long, Wayne Works introduced the first all-steel school bus body with safety glass windows. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. G 4. C 5. E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了校车的起源以及其发展的过程。 1. 根据上一句“The history of the school bus can date back to 1886 when Wayne Works company made horse-drawn carriages (四轮马车) known as “school wagons” or “kid hacks” in Indiana.”（校车的历史可以追溯到1886年，当时Wayne Works公司在印第安纳州制造了四轮马车，被称为“学校马车”或“儿童马车”。）可知，该句讲述了校车的发明时间；选项D“Before then, many children simply walked to school.（在此之前，许多孩子只是步行上学。）”说明了在校车出现之前孩子们是如何上学的，承接上文。故选D。 2. 根据上一句“In the early 1900s, the car industry was beginning to develop fast. This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages.”（20世纪初，汽车工业开始迅速发展，这给了Wayne Works一个改进校车的好机会。），选项F“The company managed to make its carriages powered by engines.（这家公司设法使马车由发动机提供动力。）”具体描述了Wayne Works公司是如何改进校车的，承接上文；下一句“But the design remained mostly the same as that of the previous ones, with students sitting along the walls of the bus while facing inside.”（但设计基本上与之前的设计相同，学生们坐在巴士的墙壁上，面向内部。）在选项F的基础上，又指出了改进后的校车在设计上与之前相同，两句为转折关系，语意合理。故选F。 3. 根据上一句“In 1927, a man built the first bus that primarily used steel.”（1927年，一个人制造了第一辆主要使用钢的公共汽车。），选项G“Before long, Wayne Works introduced the first all-steel school bus body with safety glass windows.（不久，Wayne Works公司推出了第一辆全钢车身和安全玻璃窗的校车。）”进一步提出在1927年使用钢的公共汽车问世之后，Wayne Works公司就推出了第一辆全钢车身的校车，承接上文；下一句“Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children’s safety.”（尽管如此，家长们还是越来越担心孩子的安全。）表明校车在使用安全玻璃窗后，家长们仍然越来越担心孩子们的安全。故选G。 4. 根据上一句“Many new national standards were created, determining everything from seating designs to the famous yellow colour that school buses still sport today.”（制定了许多新的国家标准，从座椅设计到校车沿用至今的著名黄色，这些标准决定了一切。），选项C“The reason why the colour was chosen was simple.（选择这种颜色的原因很简单。）”提到了校车使用黄色是有原因的；下一句“Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings. The colour is easy to see in the early morning and evening light when school buses usually operate.”（黄色对人类来说是非常引人注目的。这种颜色在校车通常运行的清晨和傍晚的光线下很容易看到。）具体说明了校车使用黄色的原因，故选项C承上启下，符合语意。故选C。 5. 空处为最后一段段落主题句。根据下一句“For example, a variety of changes have been made to enable the school bus to not only be safer but also have better fuel economy, be easier to drive, etc.”（例如，已经做出了各种改变，使校车不仅更安全，而且有更好的燃油经济性，更容易驾驶，等等。）可知，下文举例说明了如今校车已经做出的改进，故选项E“Now, school buses have had many more improvements.（现在，校车有了更多的改进。）”概括说明了校车已有了更多改进，符合段落主题。故选E。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say? 1 For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it. But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction. 2 This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies. The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends. 3 Instead, the team was showing how easy it is to create what appears to be a data-driven measure of an addictive behavior, which actually is a normal part of everyday life. The idea of being addicted to offline friendships is ridiculous, but that is what is happening in the digital technology research literature. We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive. 4 It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use. 5 Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it. Thinking about our technology use in terms of habit offers us a much wider range of options. Rather than getting rid of technology altogether, we can seek our digital experience that promote positive effects while minimizing negative impacts. A．Many of us are likely to develop bad habits. B．Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral. C．For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind. D．This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad. E．Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing. F．A recent study has revealed evidence that shows positive effects of digital use. G．Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire. 【答案】1. C 2. G 3. E 4. D 5. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了我们与手机等数字技术的关系。 1. 根据上文“If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say?(如果让你描述一下你和手机的关系，你会怎么说？)”和下文“For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it.(对于我们这些经常使用数字技术的人来说，我们不可避免地会认为我们过度使用了)”可知，对于上文问题的回答应该是上瘾，C项中的“addicted”和下文中的“overdone”对应。C项：For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind.(对许多人来说，“上瘾”这个词会跃入脑海)符合语境。故选C。 2. 根据上文“But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction.(但我们真的对屏幕上瘾了吗？对于绝大多数用户来说，答案是否定的，因为目前还没有关于数字成瘾的正式标准)”和下文“This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies.(这项测试对大约800人进行了测试，使用了许多其他研究中采用的标准)”可知，空处提到了一项测试，解释说明上文提出的观点。G项：Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire.(早在2020年，一个团队就使用标准技术做了一份离线朋友成瘾调查问卷)符合语境。故选G。 3. 根据上文“The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends.(研究小组发现，69%的参与者可能被诊断为与朋友共度时光成瘾)”可知，研究团队发现69%的参与者可以被诊断为过度沉迷于与朋友相处的时间，但这里并不是要引发对社交的新道德恐慌。E项：Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing.(很明显，这样做的目的并不是要在社交方面引发新的道德恐慌)正好解释了这一点，它表明这项研究的真正目的并不是要制造恐慌，而是有其他更深的含义或目的，符合语境。故选E。 4. 根据上文“We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive.(研究人员将人们对一项活动的享受与它有可能上瘾的想法结合起来，这让我们陷入了困境)”可知，上文提到研究人员提出的一项活动的享受与它有可能上瘾的想法，对于我们的认知产生了不好的影响，空处承接上文，指出后果。D项：This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad.(这最终导致人们相信这种活动自然是不好的)符合语境。故选D。 5. 根据上文“It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use.(的确，我们可以与我们所使用的技术建立不好的关系，但一项新的研究表明，我们需要从习惯的角度来看待我们与数字技术的关系，而不是从有问题的使用角度)”和下文“Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it.(它们对我们的幸福感有积极还是消极的影响，这不仅取决于习惯的类型，还取决于它发生的背景，发生的频率以及其他可能导致它的因素)”可知，上文提到我们应该以习惯而不是问题使用的角度来看待我们与数字技术的关系。下文进一步解释了习惯对我们福祉的影响取决于多种因素。B项：Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral.(像看手机这样的习惯是中性的)强调了习惯的中立性，并引出了后文对习惯影响的详细讨论，符合语境。故选B。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·广东佛山·期中）For individuals with hearing loss, listening to conversations in noisy environments can be particularly challenging. Unfortunately, traditional hearing aids adopt a “one-size-fits-all” approach to processing sounds, regardless of the listening needs of individual users. 1 Users may also experience a lack of sound clarity (清楚) and do not want to engage in conversations with others. Good news is that a hearing aid company named Oticon is taking an important step to solve this No. 1 challenge for people with hearing loss — hearing speech in noise. With new 4D Sensor technology, Oticon Intent, a new device, is capable of understanding the users’ listening intentions. 2 In this way, it is able to deliver truly personalised support. But the true hero in sound processing is the brain, as it is constantly working to make sense of sound. Oticon’s new technology provides the brain with access to the full sound environment. 3 In conversation, users tend to keep their heads still to engage with a single person. Or they move their heads in a group conversation to engage with different people. When struggling to hear what someone is saying, users are likely to lean (倾斜) in to listen. The technology in Oticon Intent understands and adapts to the user through sensors that monitor head and body movements. It helps users move beyond just hearing and listening. 4 . Thomas Behrens, Vice President of the company, said, “This small device has up to 20 hours of battery life. 5 When the device requires a recharge, users can simply place it into the charger for just 30 minutes to obtain up to 8 hours of battery life.” A．Thus, it is able to prevent memory loss. B．It can recognise what people want and need to listen to. C．Moreover, it helps them communicate and fully engage in life. D．This may make listening and engaging with others more difficult. E．That means users will never have to worry about running out of battery. F．Take a step towards better hearing by contacting your nearest hearing care professional. G．People's communication behaviour reflects their listening intentions via head and body movements. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. G 4. C 5. E 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要讲述了Oticon公司推出了一款名为Oticon Intent的新型助听器，它采用4D传感器技术，能理解用户在嘈杂环境中的听力需求，通过监测头部和身体动作实现智能调整，提升听力体验。具备长续航时间和快速充电功能，让用户能够更好地参与对话和生活互动。 1. 根据上文的“For individuals with hearing loss, listening to conversations in noisy environments can be particularly challenging. Unfortunately, traditional hearing aids adopt a “one-size-fits-all” approach to processing sounds, regardless of the listening needs of individual users. (对于听力受损的人来说，在嘈杂的环境中听人说话可能特别具有挑战性。不幸的是，传统助听器采用“一刀切”的方法来处理声音，而不考虑个人用户的听力需求。)”和下文的“Users may also experience a lack of sound clarity and do not want to engage in conversations with others.(用户也可能会感到声音不清晰，不想与他人交谈。)”可知，空格前面提及听力损失的个体在嘈杂环境下听人说话特别具有挑战性，并指出传统助听器采用的“一刀切”方法无法满足个体用户的听力需求，选项D(这可能使听和与他人互动更加困难。)直接说明了这种“一刀切”方法带来的结果，下文进一步阐述了由于缺乏声音清晰度，导致用户可能不愿意与人交谈。故选D项。 2. 根据上文的“Good news is that a hearing aid company named Oticon is taking an important step to solve this No. 1 challenge for people with hearing loss—hearing speech in noise. With new 4DSensor technology, Oticon Intent, a new device, is capable of understanding the users’ listening intentions. (好消息是，一家名为Oticon的助听器公司正在采取重要措施来解决听力损失患者面临的首要挑战——在噪音中听人讲话。Oticon Intent是一款新设备，采用新的4DSensor技术，能够理解用户的倾听意图。)”和下文的“In this way, it is able to deliver truly personalised support. But the true hero in sound processing is the brain, as it is constantly working to make sense of sound. Oticon’s new technology provides the brain with access to the full sound environment.(通过这种方式，它能够提供真正个性化的支持。但声音处理中真正发挥作用的是大脑，因为它不断地工作来理解声音。Oticon的新技术为大脑提供了进入完整声音环境的途径。)”可知，空格前面提到Oticon Intent借助新的4D传感器技术，能够理解用户的倾听意图，选项B(它能识别人们想要和需要听到的内容。)直接阐述回应了这一点，表明了这种新技术如何实现个性化支持，符合上下文中提到的Oticon Intent 的能力。故选B项。 3. 根据下文的“In conversation, users tend to keep their heads still to engage with a single person. Or they move their heads in a group conversation to engage with different people. When struggling to hear what someone is saying, users are likely to lean in to listen. The technology in Oticon Intent understands and adapts to the user through sensors that monitor head and body movements. (在交谈中，用户倾向于保持头部不动与一个人交谈。或者，他们在集体对话中移动头部与不同的人交流。当用户很难听到别人在说什么时，很可能会倾斜着身体听。Oticon Intent的技术通过监测头部和身体运动的传感器来理解用户并适应用户。)”可知，空格后句提到用户在与个人交谈中倾向于保持头部静止，在团体交谈中，倾向于移动头部及身体。选项G(人们的沟通行为通过头部和身体的动作反映了他们的倾听意图。)总述了这点，为整个段落的主题句。故选G项。 4. 根据上文的“In conversation, users tend to keep their heads still to engage with a single person. Or they move their heads in a group conversation to engage with different people. When struggling to hear what someone is saying, users are likely to lean in to listen. The technology in Oticon Intent understands and adapts to the user through sensors that monitor head and body movements. (在交谈中，用户倾向于保持头部不动与一个人交谈。或者，他们在集体对话中移动头部与不同的人交流。当用户很难听到别人在说什么时，很可能会倾斜着身体听。Oticon Intent的技术通过监测头部和身体运动的传感器来理解用户并适应用户。)”可知，前文讲述了 Oticon Intent技术如何帮助用户通过监测头部和身体动作来更好地理解对话，选项C(此外，它帮助他们沟通并充分参与生活。)强调了这一技术带来的正面影响，不仅仅是改善听力，更是使用户能够更好地沟通和参与生活，符合上下文的逻辑。故选C项。 5. 根据上文的“Thomas Behrens, Vice President of the company, said, “This small device has up to 20hours of battery life.(该公司副总裁Thomas Behrens表示：这款小型设备的电池寿命可达20小时。)”和下文的“When the device requires a recharge, users can simply place it into the charger for just 30 minutes to obtain up to 8 hours of battery life.”(当设备需要充电时，用户只需将其放入充电器中30分钟，即可获得长达8小时的电池寿命。)”可知，该设备有高达20小时的电池寿命，而且只需充电30分钟就能获得高达8小时的电池寿命，选项E(这意味着用户将永远不必担心电池耗尽。)反映了设备电池性能的优势，与上下文的内容相符。故选E项。 Passage 4 （23-24高二下·山东临沂·期中）It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries. 1 It was a device developed by two former fellows with the Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign. This foot-operated resuscitator (呼吸机) was designed for clinicians who often must work alone when a newborn struggles to take a first breath. 2 When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs. But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag. 3 Avijit Bansal, MD, a pulmonologist from India, was well aware of this earlier. In 2011, he met a like-minded researcher and they began work on a solution. As the article notes: They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator. 4 With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently. The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali. 5 A．It is helping save lives, and people are taking notice. B．That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe. C．We have created a new way of performing an age-old procedure. D．Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina. E．Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences. F．In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple. G．It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation. 【答案】1. B 2. F 3. E 4. G 5. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种创新的医疗设备——脚动呼吸机（NeoBreathe）。 1. 根据上文“It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries.(当得知一个医疗问题在美国已经得到了很大程度的解决，但仍在困扰中低收入国家时，总是令人心碎。)”可知，上文提到在美国已经很大程度上解决了的医疗问题在低收入和中等收入国家仍然是一个问题，因此空处应该提到一个解决这个问题的新发明或方法。下文中的“a device”指代B项中的“the NeoBreathe”。B项：That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe.(这就是为什么了解NeoBreathe鼓舞人心。)符合语境。故选B。 2. 根据下文“When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs.(当新生儿呼吸困难时，一个临床医生把一个呼吸面罩放在婴儿的脸上，而另一个人挤压通气袋，将空气推入婴儿的肺部。)”可知，上文描述在美国处理新生儿呼吸困难这种情况的方式，所以空格处应该是一个引入话题的句子。F项：In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple.(在美国，挽救一个患有出生窒息症的婴儿相对简单。)符合语境。故选F。 3. 根据上文“But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag.(但在印度等人员更为有限的中低收入国家，复苏并非那么简单。个别临床医生通常单独救活婴儿，用一只手做粘颚、抬下巴和靠脖子三个动作，将呼吸面罩封在婴儿嘴巴周围，用另一只手挤压袋子。)”可知，在一些中低收入国家，没有助手的帮助进行复苏这种操作可能会产生不良后果。E项：Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences.(在没有帮助的情况下执行此程序可能会产生不良后果。)符合语境。故选E。 4. 根据上文“They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator.(他们开发了NeoBreathe，一个脚动复苏器。)”和下文“With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently.(有了空闲的手，操作员可以更有效地进行多任务处理。)”可知，空处说明NeoBreathe的优点。下文中的“With the freed hand”和G项中的“It frees one of the operator’s hands”对应。G项：It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation.(它解放了操作人员的一只手，减少了漏风，显著改善了通风。)符合语境。故选G。 5. 根据上文“The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali.(该设备目前在印度的大多数州以及肯尼亚、南非、尼日利亚和马里使用。)”可知，空处承接上文，提出更多的国家计划引入这种技术。D项：Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina.(此外，秘鲁、智利和阿根廷也计划引入这种技术。)符合语境。故选D。 Passage 5 （2024·广东·二模）Artificial Intelligence (AI) geolocation (互联网定位技术) solutions are changing the way researchers track and monitor wildlife, enabling more powerful conservation efforts. These systems use advanced sensors, satellite imagery, and machine learning algorithms (算法) to gather real-time data on animal movements, habitat preferences, and migration patterns. 1 Traditional tracking methods often rely on non-automatic tracking or inconvenient necklace-like systems, which may cause stress and discomfort to the animals. 2 The devices can work as tags and the camera traps can be set up remotely, which decreases human impact on wildlife. In addition, AI-powered devices collect and analyze data precisely. Through their assistance, scientists can gain insights into habitat choices and evaluate the effect of global warming on wild animal locations. 3 For example, by analyzing the collected data, conservationists can promote targeted habitat restoration efforts according to the patterns and connections they discovered with the help of AI geolocation devices. 4 By monitoring animals’ behavioral changes in real-time, researchers can quickly detect signs of environmental issues. Sudden changes in an animal’s movements could indicate threats or problems. Researchers can then respond immediately, potentially saving the animal’s life. Sharing geolocation data through online platforms can also help raise awareness about protecting endangered species. 5 This help them feel more connected to the issues wildlife face in habitats. The bond promotes a sense of responsibility among individuals and encourages them to contribute to wildlife conservation efforts through various means, such as donations, volunteer work, and so on. A．This knowledge enables them to make accurate and efficient decisions. B．However, AI tracking does not require disturbing contact with the animals. C．AI monitoring needs fewer battery replacements than the traditional methods. D．The solutions have offered the following key benefits to wildlife conservation. E．Directly engaging with conservation efforts gives people a first-hand experience. F．The AI geolocation technology significantly reduces the need for massive fieldwork. G．With real-time data, the AI solutions also function as an early warning for wildlife risks. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. G 5. E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能定位技术如何改变研究人员追踪和监控野生动物的方式，使保护工作更加有力。这些系统利用先进的传感器、卫星图像和机器学习算法收集有关动物运动、栖息地偏好和迁徙模式的实时数据。 1. 根据上文“Artificial Intelligence(AI) geolocation(互联网定位技术) solutions are changing the way researchers track and monitor wildlife, enabling more powerful conservation efforts.(人工智能地理定位技术解决方案正在改变研究人员跟踪和监测野生动物的方式，使更有力的保护工作成为可能。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案对野生动物保护有很大的帮助，D 选项“The solutions have offered the following key benefits to wildlife conservation(这些解决方案为野生动物保护提供了以下关键好处)”是对上文的总结，符合语境。故选D。 2. 根据上文“Traditional tracking methods often rely on non-automatic tracking or inconvenient necklace-like systems, which may cause stress and discomfort to the animals.(传统的追踪方法通常依赖于非自动追踪或不方便的项链式系统，这可能会给动物带来压力和不适。)”可知，传统追踪方法会给动物带来压力和不适，B 选项“However, AI tracking does not require disturbing contact with the animals(然而，人工智能追踪不需要与动物进行干扰性接触)”与上文形成转折，符合语境。故选B。 3. 根据上文“Through their assistance, scientists can gain insights into habitat choices and evaluate the effect of global warming on wild animal locations.(通过它们的帮助，科学家可以深入了解栖息地的选择，并评估全球变暖对野生动物位置的影响。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案可以帮助科学家评估全球变暖对野生动物位置的影响，A 选项“This knowledge enables them to make accurate and efficient decisions(这些知识使他们能够做出准确和有效的决定)”是对上文的总结，符合语境。故选A。 4. 根据下文“By monitoring animals’ behavioral changes in real-time,researchers can quickly detect signs of environmental issues. Sudden changes in an animal's movements could indicate threats or problems. Researchers can then respond immediately, potentially saving the animal's life.(通过实时监测动物的行为变化，研究人员可以快速发现环境问题的迹象。动物运动的突然变化可能表明存在威胁或问题。研究人员可以立即做出反应，有可能挽救动物的生命。)”可知，人工智能地理定位技术解决方案可以实时监测动物的行为变化，对野生动物面临的风险起到预警作用，G 选项“With real-time data, the AI solutions also function as an early warning for wildlife risks(通过实时数据，人工智能解决方案还可以作为野生动物风险的预警系统)”符合语境。故选G。 5. 根据上文“Sharing geolocation data through online platforms can also help raise awareness about protecting endangered species.(通过在线平台共享地理位置数据也有助于提高人们对保护濒危物种的认识。)”可知，共享地理位置数据有助于提高人们对保护濒危物种的认识，E 选项“Directly engaging with conservation efforts gives people a first-hand experience(直接参与保护工作能让人们获得第一手经验)”是对上文的进一步解释，符合语境。故选E。 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·辽宁沈阳·期中）In a world where technology is king, hardly does a day go by without the launch of some “world-changing” product in the field of alternate reality. 1 These include VR, AR, MR, XR and the list goes on. Many people confuse augmented reality (AR) with virtual reality (VR) and understandably so. Both AR and VR offer alternate or altered reality experiences and as a result, it is easy for users to be attracted and wonder what is real and what is not. 2 Both aim to provide an enhanced or enriched experience to users, most commonly used in the gaming scene, but also increasingly used in other areas. However, AR and VR can be quite different in many ways. 3 Simply put, VR “transports” the user to another world, by “replacing” the real world with a virtual substitute most commonly done through helmets or goggles to completely immerse (使沉浸于) the gamer in a different reality. For example, it can make users feel as if they are falling, thereby igniting fear. AR, however, does not change the entire landscape of what users see. In fact, it adds to reality with digital images. While AR may be less immersive than VR, the success of games which use AR is proof that it can be just as or even more entertaining than VR games. 4 VR and AR are both powerful technologies which are still relatively new to many consumers. 5 They can completely change how we use our electronic devices in the future, but whether one will edge out the other is anyone’s guess. A．VR can be interactive or non-interactive. B．The main difference lies in the mode of delivery. C．In short, at the heart of VR and AR are two very similar technologies. D．However, they have already begun to shake things up in the gaming world. E．They would see computer made images as an overlay to what they see in real life. F．Moreover, since AR does not require the use of goggles or helmets, it is more accessible. G．It is also getting increasingly difficult to keep up with the “R” s that have come into existence. 【答案】1. G 2. C 3. B 4. F 5. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AR和VR的相同点和不同点。 1. 上文“In a world where technology is king, hardly does a day go by without the launch of some ‘world-changing’ product in the field of alternate reality.(在一个技术为王的世界里，几乎每天都会在另类现实领域推出一些‘改变世界’的产品)”和下文“These include VR, AR, MR, XR and the list goes on.(其中包括VR、AR、MR、XR，还有很多)”说明技术发展迅速，几乎每天都有一些新的科技产品的出现。空处承上启下，G项中的“increasingly difficult to keep up with the “R” s”和上文中的“hardly does a day go by without the launch of some “world-changing” product ”相呼应，“the “R” s”和下文中的“VR, AR, MR, XR”相呼应，表明跟上科技进步很困难，因为新科技产品不断在出现，同时引出下文对一些“R”的列举。所以G项“要跟上已经出现的‘R’也变得越来越困难。”符合语境。故选G。 2. 下文“Both aim to provide an enhanced or enriched experience to users, most commonly used in the gaming scene, but also increasingly used in other areas.(两者都旨在为用户提供增强或丰富的体验，最常用于游戏场景，但也越来越多地用于其他领域)”说明VR和AR技术的使用意图是一样的。空处引出下文，下文中的“both”指代C项中的“at the heart of VR and AR”，说明VR和AR的核心是两种非常相似的技术，两者旨在为用户提供增强或丰富的体验。所以C选项“简而言之，VR和AR的核心是两种非常相似的技术”符合题意。故选C。 3. 上文“However, AR and VR can be quite different in many ways.(然而，AR和VR在很多方面可能有很大的不同)”说明AR和VR在很多方面都大不相同。空处承接上文，B选项中的“The main difference”和上文中的“quite different in many ways”相呼应，恰当地引入了接下来对VR和AR如何不同进行详细解释的内容。所以B项“主要的区别在于传输方式”符合题意。故选B。 4. 上文“While AR may be less immersive than VR, the success of games which use AR is proof that it can be just as or even more entertaining than VR games.(虽然AR的沉浸感可能不如VR，但使用AR的游戏的成功证明，它可以与VR游戏一样甚至更具娱乐性)”说明AR虽然沉浸感可能不如VR，但使用AR的游戏同样或甚至更有趣。空处承接上文，进一步补充了AR的优势。即无需额外设备，增加了用户友好性和普及度，与上文形成递进关系。F选项“此外，由于AR不需要使用护目镜或头盔，因此使用起来更方便”符合题意。故选F。 5. 上文“VR and AR are both powerful technologies which are still relatively new to many consumers.(VR和AR都是强大的技术，对许多消费者来说仍然相对较新)”和下文“They can completely change how we use our electronic devices in the future, but whether one will edge out the other is anyone’s guess.(它们可以完全改变我们未来使用电子设备的方式，但其中一种是否会胜过另一种是任何人的猜测)”说明这两项技术目前的新兴状态，但它们已经开始在特定领域产生重大影响。此处与前文为转折关系，并引出下文。说明VR和AR的影响。D选项“然而，它们已经开始撼动游戏世界”与上文构成转折关系，选项中的“they”指代前文中的“VR and AR”，“begun to shake things up in the gaming world”和下文中的“completely change how we use our electronic devices in the future”相呼应；由此可知，D项符合题意。故选D。 Passage 7 （23-24高二下·浙江·阶段练习）In today’s world, AI is increasingly becoming an integral part of our lives. 1 From personalizing learning to providing feedback, AI can help students a lot. Artificial intelligence has revolutionized how students are measured in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. By analyzing massive datasets, AI can quickly identify a student’s areas of strengths and weaknesses through the images they upload, videos they watch, and data gathered from feedback systems. 2 It promises to take us into a new era of educational success where no student is left behind. With the advancements in AI technology, each student can receive the most tailored education they need to reach their own educational goals. It can also aid in how to write an article review, potentially by being able to particularize how challenging certain elements are for students and how much further focus and practice any one student needs to accomplish their educational objectives. 3 In today’s ever-connected world, having access to reliable sources of information beyond normal business hours can make a huge difference in a person’s life. 4 Whether you’re seeking self-help resources to aid in studies or trying to navigate administrative processes, these conversational agents are often the ultimate solution for covering your informational needs outside of class hours, as they are always on hand. 5 A．AI-based chatbots offer just that, providing up-to-date information 24/7. B．Here are some benefits of AI for students that can help them in their studies. C．These data cannot reflect the whole picture of students’ performance, though. D．This timeless advantage has significantly reduced the workload for the educators. E．Thus, AI-supported personalized learning could finally create equal access to education. F．Therefore, they allow us to efficiently access services without worrying about time limit. G．It will also better identify potential areas for improvement in teaching and evaluating students. 【答案】1. B 2. G 3. E 4. A 5. F 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了人工智能对学生学习的巨大影响。 1. 前文“In today’s world, AI is increasingly becoming an integral part of our lives.( 在当今世界，人工智能正日益成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。)”提到人工智能成为了生活中重要的一部分，后文“From personalizing learning to providing feedback, AI can help students a lot.( 从个性化学习到提供反馈，人工智能可以帮助学生很多。)”阐述了人工智能的益处，B项中“some benefits of AI”呼应下文，因此推断B项“以下是人工智能对学生的一些好处，可以帮助他们学习。”符合语境，引出文章主题。故选B。 2. 前文“By analyzing massive datasets, AI can quickly identify a student’s areas of strengths and weaknesses through the images they upload, videos they watch, and data gathered from feedback systems.( 通过分析大量数据集，人工智能可以通过学生上传的图像、观看的视频和从反馈系统收集的数据，快速识别学生的优势和劣势。)”讲述人工智能可以帮助学生认清自己的优点和缺点，因此 G项“它还将更好地确定教学和评估学生的潜在改进领域。”符合语境，承接上文，继续讲述人工智能有助于衡量学生的优缺点。故选G。 3. 前文“With the advancements in AI technology, each student can receive the most tailored education they need to reach their own educational goals.( 随着人工智能技术的进步，每个学生都可以接受最适合自己的教育，以实现自己的教育目标)”讲述人工智能有助于因材施教，因此推断E项“因此，人工智能支持的个性化学习最终可以创造平等的教育机会”符合语境，与前文是因果关系。故选E。 4. 前文“In today’s ever-connected world, having access to reliable sources of information beyond normal business hours can make a huge difference in a person’s life.( 在当今这个互联互通的世界，在正常工作时间之外获得可靠的信息来源可以对一个人的生活产生巨大的影响。)”讲述能够获得可靠的信息来源对生活有巨大影响，后文“Whether you’re seeking self-help resources to aid in studies or trying to navigate administrative processes, these conversational agents are often the ultimate solution for covering your informational needs outside of class hours, as they are always on hand.(无论你是在寻找帮助学习的自助资源，还是试图驾驭管理流程，这些对话代理通常是满足你课外信息需求的最终解决方案，因为它们总是在手边。)”讲述人工智能可以提高高效的自助资源，因此推断项“基于人工智能的聊天机器人就能做到这一点，全天候提供最新信息。”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。 5. 前文“Whether you’re seeking self-help resources to aid in studies or trying to navigate administrative processes, these conversational agents are often the ultimate solution for covering your informational needs outside of class hours, as they are always on hand.(无论你是在寻找帮助学习的自助资源，还是试图驾驭管理流程，这些对话代理通常是满足你课外信息需求的最终解决方案，因为它们总是在手边。)”讲述人工智能可以提高高效的自助资源，因此推断F项“因此，它们使我们能够有效地访问服务，而不必担心时间限制。”符合语境，与前文是因果关系。故选F。 Passage 8 （23-24高二下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Four surprising ways algae (藻类) are driving innovation Algae can be a double-edged sword. Increased human activity and climate change have caused explosions of algae populations in water bodies around the world sometimes choking entire ecosystems of sunlight and oxygen. Even though they are so closely associated with humanity’s negative impact on Earth, algae could also play key roles in helping fight pollution, viruses, and more. 1 Filtering (过滤) water. With microplastic pollution documented in almost all water bodies, a recent study shows that through absorption, algae can help filter microplastics out of water. 2 Fueling air travel. 3 Researchers at a German algae cultivation facility are already using it to fuel drones. They believe this and other sustainable fuels could reduce carbon emissions from airplanes by up to 80 percent. Fighting viruses. Red algae can prevent the replication (复制) of some viruses, including COVID-19, according to a 2020 study. 4 Thus, it could become a powerful medication to treat HIV, the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (AIDS). 5 In 2019, freshwater algae were launched into space to turn the carbon dioxide exhaled (呼出) by astronauts on the International Space Station into oxygen. Since algae are also high in protein, they could replace up to 30 percent of astronaut food in the future. A．Making space food more nutritious. B．Making long-term space travel possible. C．These are several ways algae are solving modern problems. D．Some algae can also filter chemicals that can be used in fertilizers. E．Brown algae have been shown to stimulate the body’s immune system. F．Algae can produce more effective biofuels than traditional sources like soybeans. G．It aims to harvest algae for energy while keeping the environment pollution-free. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. F 4. E 5. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了藻类推动创新的四种惊人方式。 1. 上文“Even though they are so closely associated with humanity’s negative impact on Earth, algae could also play key roles in helping fight pollution, viruses, and more.(尽管藻类与人类对地球的负面影响密切相关，但它们也可以在帮助对抗污染、病毒等方面发挥关键作用。)”说明藻类除了对地球的负面影响也有一些积极作用，选项C“这是藻类解决现代问题的几种方法。”承接上文，引出本文主题，介绍藻类的积极作用。故选C项。 2. 小标题“Filtering (过滤) water. (过滤水。)”说明藻类能够过滤水。上文“With microplastic pollution documented in almost all water bodies, a recent study shows that through absorption, algae can help filter microplastics out of water.(几乎所有的水体都有微塑料污染的记录，最近的一项研究表明，通过吸收，藻类可以帮助过滤水中的微塑料。)”说明藻类的一种过滤作用，选项D“一些藻类还可以过滤用于肥料的化学物质。”承接上文，说明藻类的另一种过滤作用。故选D项。 3. 小标题“Fueling air travel. (为航空旅行提供燃料。)”说明藻类可以提供燃料，选项F“与大豆等传统能源相比，藻类可以生产更有效的生物燃料。”承接小标题，说明藻类可以生产更有效的生物燃料。故选F项。 4. 下文“Thus, it could become a powerful medication to treat HIV, the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (AIDS). (因此，它可能成为一种治疗HIV的有效药物，HIV是导致获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的病毒。)”说明藻类可能成为一种治疗HIV的有效药物，选项E“褐藻已被证明可以刺激人体的免疫系统。”和下文是因果关系，因为褐藻可以刺激人体的免疫系统，所以对治疗HIV有效。故选E项。 5. 下文“In 2019, freshwater algae were launched into space to turn the carbon dioxide exhaled (呼出) by astronauts on the International Space Station into oxygen. Since algae are also high in protein, they could replace up to 30 percent of astronaut food in the future. (2019年，淡水藻类被发射到太空，将国际空间站宇航员呼出的二氧化碳转化为氧气。由于藻类也富含蛋白质，未来它们可以取代高达30%的宇航员食物。)”说明藻类可为太空活动提供生活条件，使人们长期生活在太空，选项B“使长期太空旅行成为可能。”概括本段主题，适合做小标题。故选B项。 Passage 9 （23-24高二下·湖南岳阳·开学考试）People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button. 1 This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so seamlessly that a household will appear to run itself. Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home. 2 An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners. Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home. 3 Home automation is not just for safety, however. 4 With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated. 5 Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair. A．A smart home doesn’t apply to all family members. B．It achieves this by saving homeowners time and money. C．There are some drawbacks with an automated home system. D．It can also provide convenience for people living in the home. E．Home automation depends on furniture and home temperatures. F．Through home automation, an entire house can be connected via a smart controller. G．Besides protecting people, it also offers security for expensive items inside a residence. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. G 4. D 5. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了智能家居的工作方式以及好处。 1. 根据上文“People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button.(现在人们总是和科技生活在一起。智能家居问世了，只要按一下按钮就可以控制)”以及后文“This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so seamlessly that a household will appear to run itself.(它就像一个遥控器，可以激活家用系统并监控室内温度。如果成功的话，一个智能家居系统将被无缝集成，以至于一个家庭似乎可以自己运行)”可知，后文提到了一个智能家居系统将被无缝集成，推测本句是在说明家庭自动化将房子连接起来的方式。故F选项“通过家庭自动化，整个房子可以通过智能控制器连接起来”符合语境，故选F。 2. 根据上文“Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home.(家庭自动化的目的是提高家庭的效率)”以及后文“An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners.(高效的智能家居使用传感器来防止室外花园浇水过多和控制室内温度，所有这些都可以减少费用。除了节省成本外，家庭自动化还经常为房主提供安全感)”可知，后文提到了节省成本，推测本句启示后文，是在说明家庭自动化可以省钱，故B选项“它通过节省房主的时间和金钱来实现这一点”符合语境，故选B。 3. 根据上文“Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home.(家里有小孩或老人的家庭可以通过智能家居安全的一些保障措施来放心，比如火灾报警器，当出现问题时，它会向有关机构发出警报。当有人离开家时，如果烤箱还开着，那么照明激活就可以通过计时器来实现)”可知，本段的主旨是家庭自动化可以保护人们的安全，上文提到了出现火灾等情况，本句为本段最后一句，故说明其他可以保护方面。故G选项“除了保护人们，它还为住宅内的贵重物品提供安全保护”符合语境，故选G。 4. 根据上文“Home automation is not just for safety, however.(然而，家庭自动化不仅仅是为了安全)”以及后文“With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated.(有了一个集中控制单元，一个人不必离开沙发就可以拉下百叶窗，甚至可以自动订购杂货)”可知，本句承接上文，继续说明家庭自动化的其他好处，结合后文的例子可知，家庭自动化提供了方便。故D选项“它也可以为生活在家里的人提供方便”符合语境，故选D。 5. 根据后文“Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair.(这样的家庭变得依赖于技术来完成日常任务。如果中央自动化单元出现问题，就不仅仅是一台设备有风险，因为故障可能会破坏对家庭运行至关重要的系统。因此，对所有人来说，家都可能成为一个不断出现技术故障、需要修理的地方)”可知，本段提到智能家居可能存在故障，让家成为一个不断出现技术故障、需要修理的地方，即存在缺点。故C选项“自动化家庭系统有一些缺点”符合语境，故选C。 Passage 10 （23-24高二下·重庆·阶段练习）The history of the school bus can date back to 1886 when the Wayne Works company made horse-drawn carriages (四轮马车) known as “ school wagons” or “kid hacks” in Indiana. 1 In the early 1900s, the car industry was beginning to develop fast. 2 The company managed to make its carriages powered by engines. But the design remained mostly the same as that of the previous ones, with students sitting along the walls of the bus while facing inside. In 1927, a man built the first bus that primarily used steel. Before long, Wayne Works introduced the first all-steel school bus body with safety glass windows. 3 This led to a turning point in the history of the school bus in 1939, when a conference was organised at Manhattan College to develop school bus standards. Many new national standards were created, determining everything from seating designs to the famous yellow color that school buses still sport today. The reason why the color was chosen was simple. 4 The color is especially easy to see in the early morning and evening light when school buses usually operate. 5 For example, a variety of changes have been made to enable the school bus to not only be safer but also have better fuel (燃料) economy, be easier to drive, etc. The most creative approach among all of these is probably a kind of stop signal arm that warns traffic of a stop in progress, which states began to require in the early 1950s. A．Horses were easy to control. B．Not all chose to paint their buses yellow. C．Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings. D．Before then, many children simply walked to school. E．Now, school buses have had many more improvements. F．Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children’s safety. G．This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages. 【答案】1. D 2. G 3. F 4. C 5. E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了校车的起源以及其发展的过程。 1. 根据上文“The history of the school bus can date back to 1886 when the Wayne Works company made horse-drawn carriages(四轮马车) known as “ school wagons” or “kid hacks” in Indiana.”（校车的历史可以追溯到1886年，当时Wayne Works公司在印第安纳州制造了被称为“学校马车”或“儿童马车”的马车。）可知，讲的是校车的历史。结合选项D项Before then, many children simply walked to school.（在此之前，许多孩子只是步行上学。）可知，承接上文内容，说明校车未出现之前孩子们是如何上学的，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选D项。 2. 根据上文“In the early 1900s, the car industry was beginning to develop fast.”（20世纪初，汽车工业开始迅速发展。）以及下文“The company managed to make its carriages powered by engines.”（该公司设法使其马车由发动机驱动。）由此可知，空格处应讨论汽车工业的快速发展给Wayne Works公司带来的影响。结合选项G项This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages.（这给了韦恩工厂一个改进车厢的好机会。）可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，G项中的“improve its carriages”与下文中的“make its carriages powered by engines”相照应。故选G项。 3. 根据上文“Before long, Wayne Works introduced the first all-steel school bus body with safety glass windows.”（不久，韦恩·沃克推出了第一辆全钢车身和安全玻璃窗的校车。）提到推出了第一辆校车。以及下文“This led to a turning point in the history of the school bus in 1939, when a conference was organised at Manhattan College to develop school bus standards.”（这导致了1939年校车历史上的一个转折点，当时在曼哈顿学院组织了一次会议来制定校车标准。）提到曼哈顿学院组织了一次会议来制定校车标准。由此可知，空格处内容应和校车的安全问题有关，结合选项F项Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children’s safety.（尽管如此，家长们还是越来越担心孩子的安全。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选F项。 4. 根据上文“The reason why the color was chosen was simple.”（选择这种颜色的原因很简单。）可知，空格处内容应为解释选择该颜色其原因。结合选项C项Yellow is quite eye-catching to human beings.（黄色对人类来说是非常引人注目的。）符合此推断，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选C项。 5. 由空格处位于段首可知，应为本段的主旨句。根据下文“For example, a variety of changes have been made to enable the school bus to not only be safer but also have better fuel(燃料) economy, be easier to drive, etc. The most creative approach among all of these is probably a kind of stop signal arm that warns traffic of a stop in progress, which states began to require in the early 1950s.”（例如，已经做出了各种改变，使校车不仅更安全，而且有更好的燃油经济性，更容易驾驶，等等。在所有这些方法中，最有创意的可能是一种停车信号臂，它可以警告正在进行中的车辆，这是各州在20世纪50年代初开始要求的。）可知，本段主要讲的是列举了对校车的一系列的改进。结合选项E项Now, school buses have had many more improvements.（现在，校车有了更多的改进。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选E项。 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·重庆·期中）People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button. 1 This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so smoothly that a household will appear to run itself. Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home. 2 An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners. Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home. 3 Home automation is not just for safety, however. 4 With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated. 5 Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair. A．Smart devices can talk to each other. B．It achieves this by saving homeowners time and money. C．There are some drawbacks with an automated home system. D．It can also provide convenience for people living in the home. E．Through home automation, an entire house can be connected via a smart controller. F．Besides protecting people, it also offers security for expensive items inside a residence. G．Home automation enables you to operate your equipment with the sound of your voice. 【答案】1. E 2. B 3. F 4. D 5. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了智能家居的工作方式以及好处。 1. 根据上文“People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button.(现在人们的生活和科技密不可分。智能家居问世了，只要按一下按钮就可以控制)”以及后文“This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so seamlessly that a household will appear to run itself.(它就像一个遥控器，可以激活家用系统并监控室内温度。如果成功的话，一个智能家居系统将被无缝集成，以至于一个家庭似乎可以自己运行)”可知，本段落向读者介绍智能房屋，后文提到了一个智能家居系统将被无缝集成，本句是在说明家庭自动化系统将房子连接起来的方式。由此可知，E. Through home automation, an entire house can be connected via a smart controller.(通过家庭自动化，整个房子可以通过智能控制器连接起来)符合语境。故选E项。 2. 根据上文“Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home.  (家庭自动化的目的是提高家庭的效率)”及下文“An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners. (高效的智能家居使用传感器来防止室外花园浇水过多和控制室内温度，所有这些都可以减少费用。除了节省成本外，家庭自动化还经常为房主提供安全感)”可知，本段落介绍智能家居节能，后文提到了节省成本，推测本句启示后文，是在说明家庭自动化可以省钱。由此可知，B. It achieves this by saving homeowners time and money.(它通过节省房主的时间和金钱来实现这一点)承上启下，符合语境，this指代上文introduce efficiency to a home，saving homeowners time and money呼应下文reduce expenses。故选B项。 3. 根据上文“Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home. (家里有小孩或老人的家庭可以通过智能家居安全的一些保障措施来获得安心，比如火灾报警器，当出现问题时，它会向有关机构发出警报。当有人离开家时，如果烤箱还开着，那么照明激活就可以通过计时器来实现)”可知，上文讲了智能家居可以解决有老人小孩的家庭的安全问题。由此可知F. Besides protecting people, it also offers security for expensive items inside a residence.(除了保护人们，它还为住宅内的贵重物品提供安全保护)又补充了智能家居对财产的保护，还是安全问题，符合语境。故选F项。 4. 根据上文“Home automation is not just for safety, however. (然而，家庭自动化不仅仅是为了安全)”及后文“With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated.(有了一个集中控制单元，一个人不必离开沙发就可以拉下百叶窗，甚至可以自动订购杂货)”可知，本句承接上文，继续说明家庭自动化的其他好处，结合后文的例子可知，家庭自动化提供了方便。由此可知D. It can also provide convenience for people living in the home.(它也可以为生活在家里的人提供方便)符合语境，关键词convenience呼应下文。故选D项。 5. 本空为段首句，根据下文“Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair. (这样的家庭变得依赖于技术来完成日常任务。如果中央自动化单元出现问题，就不仅仅是一台设备有风险，因为故障可能会破坏对家庭正常运行至关重要的系统。因此，对所有人来说，家都可能成为一个不断出现技术故障、需要修理的地方)”可知，本段提到智能家居可能存在故障，让家成为一个不断出现技术故障、需要修理的地方，即存在缺点。由此可知C. There are some drawbacks with an automated home system.(自动化家庭系统有一些缺点)符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 12 （23-24高二下·安徽·阶段练习）Technology is around us everywhere, from simple devices like our smartphones, laptops and TV to background technology we don’t even notice. 1 From connecting with people across the globe at your comfortable home to running a business without a physical space, technology has impacted our lives positively. So, read on below: Technology boosts business. Many new tech advancements and innovations are made by and for businesses. Why? 2 New technology continues to come out faster than we can keep up with. The purpose is to boost business and make the daily management of enterprises (企业) more systematic, structured and successful. 3 Advancements in technology have made it easier for more people to access the Internet, resulting in online shopping being more popular now than ever. Currently, most people prefer to shop online without leaving the house because of its great convenience. Instead of wasting hours in the shopping mall, technology makes shopping simple. Technology has advanced education. Some examples include the availability of online courses and unlimited online resources for research. Before technology, you’d have to physically go to class or go to the library to do research. 4 Technology makes everyday life better. Think about the introduction of self-driving cars: they were unheard of a few years ago, and now they’re a reality. 5 For example, smart homes are now common. Smart hubs (智能集线器) allow households to connect their devices and appliances (电器), making life a lot easier. A．Technology makes online shopping possible. B．Technology has changed the world for the better. C．We need to use technology in a healthier and more careful way. D．Now, education is easier for everyone, no matter where you live. E．The way we use technology can help or harm ourselves and others. F．Besides, technology has also had a positive influence on household items. G．Because companies want to improve their products and services for profit. 【答案】1. B 2. G 3. A 4. D 5. F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了技术给人们带来的好处。 1. 根据上文“Technology is around us everywhere, from simple devices like our smartphones, laptops and TV to background technology we don’t even notice.”（技术无处不在，从智能手机、笔记本电脑和电视等简单设备到我们甚至没有注意到的背景技术。）根据下文“From connecting with people across the globe at your comfortable home to running a business without a physical space, technology has impacted our lives positively.”（从在舒适的家中与全球各地的人建立联系，到在没有物理空间的情况下经营企业，技术对我们的生活产生了积极影响。）可知，技术让世界变得更好。故B选项“技术让世界变得更好”切题。故选B项。 2. 根据上文“Many new tech advancements and innovations are made by and for businesses. Why?”（许多新的技术进步和创新都是由企业实现的。为什么？）可知，选项要回答上文的why。故G选项“因为公司希望改进产品和服务以获取利润”切题。故选G项。 3. 根据下文“Advancements in technology have made it easier for more people to access the Internet, resulting in online shopping being more popular now than ever.”（技术的进步使更多的人更容易访问互联网，从而使网上购物比以往任何时候都更受欢迎。）可知，技术使得网购成为可能。故A选项“技术使得网购成为可能”切题。故选A项。 4. 根据“Technology has advanced education”（技术带来了先进的教育）根据上文“Before technology, you’d have to physically go to class or go to the library to do research.”（在使用技术之前，你必须亲自去上课或去图书馆做研究。）可知，选项承接上文对比现在的情况。故D选项“现在，教育对每个人来说都更容易了，无论你住在哪里。”切题。故选D项。 5. 根据下文“For example, smart homes are now common. Smart hubs（智能集线器）allow households to connect their devices and appliances（电器）, making life a lot easier.”（例如，智能家居现在很普遍。智能集线器使家庭能够连接他们的设备和电器，使生活更加轻松。）可知，技术也对家居用品产生了积极的一项。故F选项“此外，技术也对家居用品产生了积极影响”切题。故选F项。 Passage 13 （2024·黑龙江吉林·模拟预测）Who can imagine life today without an Automated Teller Machine (ATM)? They are available in considerable numbers throughout the world. The first ATM was the brainchild of an enterprising Turkish-American inventor Luther George Simjian. When the idea of an automated banking machine struck him, he registered 20 patents before any bank agreed to give it a trial run. It is easy to assume that the inventor of such a popular machine was laughing all the way to the bank. 1 Within six months of its operation in New York in 1939, the device was removed due to lack of customer acceptance. It was not until 1967, nearly 30 years later, that Barclays Bank, in a careful launch, rolled out a self-service machine in London, England, which proved successful. 2 The first cash machine relied on customers’ use of prepaid tokens (代币) to get envelopes with a fixed amount of cash inside. 3 The banks’ principle was seemingly customer service. But it would be foolish to minimize the many advantages that cash machines provided to the banks themselves. By the late 1970s, the highest fixed cost for the average large bank was its branches. The greatest variable cost and loss to profits were its staff. Bank accounts swiftly recognized that self-service operations could reduce bank branch staff cost by70 percent. Experts quickly determined that public acceptance of ATMs counted on convenience, simplicity, speed, security and trust. 4 For maximum efficiency, ATMs had to be located near public transport or in a shopping mall, not at a branch. The busier and more crowded the location, obviously, the better. Now, roughly 75 percent of all cash provided by banks to their customers comes from cash machines. 5 . Public acceptance of deposits (存款) by machine was significantly slower than customers’ usage of ATMs for withdrawals. In general, it seems that customers sometimes still prefer and trust an over-the-counter transaction (交易) for deposits. A．Location, in particular, was a key factor. B．His cash machine, however, didn’t prove durable. C．The device was relatively primitive, at least by today’s standards. D．However, cash machines posed some interesting, unanswered questions. E．An interesting factor was the issue of bio-statistics for customer identification. F．Devices originally dismissed by the public are now recognized as essential institutions. G．Soon afterwards, many other banks became admittedly champions of the cash machine. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. G 4. A 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自动取款机(ATM)的发展历程和其在现代生活中的重要性。 1. 根据上文“It is easy to assume that the inventor of such a popular machine was laughing all the way to the bank.(人们很容易认为，这样一台受欢迎机器的发明者一定赚得盆满钵满)”和下文“Within six months of its operation in New York in 1939, the device was removed due to lack of customer acceptance.(1939年，该设备在纽约运行了六个月后，由于缺乏客户接受，该设备被拆除)”可知，上下文有转折关系，B项“His cash machine, however, didn’t prove durable.(然而，他的取款机并没有经受住时间的考验)”承上启下，说明设想和现实有差距，引出下文第一台取款机的真实命运，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 2. 下文“The first cash machine relied on customers’ use of prepaid tokens (代币) to get envelopes with a fixed amount of cash inside.(第一台自动取款机依靠顾客使用预付代币来获得装有固定数量现金的信封)”介绍了第一台自动取款机的工作原理：用预付代币来换取现金信封，是对C项“The device was relatively primitive, at least by today’s standards.(这个装置相对来说比较原始，至少以今天的标准来看是这样)”的说明，说明第一台自动取款机比较原始的工作原理，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 3. 下文“The banks’ principle was seemingly customer service. But it would be foolish to minimize the many advantages that cash machines provided to the banks themselves. By the late 1970s, the highest fixed cost for the average large bank was its branches. The greatest variable cost and loss to profits were its staff. Bank accounts swiftly recognized that self-service operations could reduce bank branch staff cost by70 percent.(银行的原则似乎是客户服务。但是，低估自动取款机给银行自身带来的诸多好处是愚蠢的。到20世纪70年代末，大型银行的平均固定成本最高的是其分支机构。最大的可变成本和利润损失是它的员工。银行账户很快意识到，自助服务可以将银行分行的员工成本降低70%)”说明了自动取款机给银行带来的诸多好处，解释了G项“Soon afterwards, many other banks became admittedly champions of the cash machine.(不久之后，许多其他银行成为公认的自动提款机的拥护者)”中描述的这一现象，许多银行为了获益开始使用自动提款机，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 4. 下文“For maximum efficiency, ATMs had to be located near public transport or in a shopping mall, not at a branch. The busier and more crowded the location, obviously, the better.(为了最大限度地提高效率，自动取款机必须设在公共交通附近或购物中心，而不是在分行。显然，地点越繁忙、越拥挤越好)”指出自动取款机需要设在公共交通附近或购物中心，是对A项“Location, in particular, was a key factor.(尤其是地理位置，是一个关键因素)”的举例说明，说明地理位置的重要作用。故选A项。 5. 上文“Now, roughly 75 percent of all cash provided by banks to their customers comes from cash machines.(现在，银行提供给客户的现金中，大约75%来自自动取款机)”谈及自动取款机的普及和广泛使用，F项“Devices originally dismissed by the public are now recognized as essential institutions.(最初被公众忽视的设备现在被认为是不可或缺的设施)”承接上文，总结自动取款机命运的变化，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 Passage 14 （23-24高二下·陕西咸阳·阶段练习）The drive to create the new is part of our biological makeup. We build cultures by the hundreds and new stories by the millions. 1 But where do our new ideas come from? Through the history of human activities, prior art promotes the creative process. Before 1908, each vehicle was custom built, with different parts assembled in different places and then painstakingly brought together. 2 Nevertheless, the idea was something he learned about from the Chicago meatpacking industry. He simply assembled into a car the discoveries of other men behind whom were centuries of work. The mining of history happens not only in technology, but in the arts as well. Even in Picasso’s painting Les Demoisellesd’ Avignon, we can trace its genealogy (血统宗谱). 3 Take, for example, a surgeon named Anthony Cicoria, who in 1994 was speaking to his mother on an outdoor payphone when he was struck by a bolt of lightning. A few weeks later, he unexpectedly began composing and introduced his music works in subsequent years. If ever there were an example of creativity originating out of the thin air, this might be it. However, on closer inspection, Cicoria also turns out to rely on the raw materials around him. He recalls that, after his accident, he developed a strong desire to listen to nineteenth-century piano music. It is difficult to know what the lightning strike did to his brain, but it is clear that he rapidly absorbed these musical products. 4 We humans are always waiting for the creative lightning to strike. 5 Instead of new ideas being lit up by lightning bolts, they arise from the interweaving billions of microscopic sparks in the vast darkness of the brain. A．However, creative ideas evolve from existing memories and impressions. B．We surround ourselves with things that have never existed before, while pigs and llamas and goldfish do not. C．But is there any moment when someone is suddenly struck by an idea that comes from nowhere? D．But Henry Ford came up with a critical innovation of streamlining the entire process. E．It shares the same structure and progression as other paintings. F．No doubt the non-musician surely managed to compose due to the sudden idea flashing through his mind. G．His sudden desire to compose may have come from nowhere, but his basic creative process did not. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. G 5. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讨论了人类创新思想从哪里来。 1. 上文“We build cultures by the hundreds and new stories by the millions.(我们创造了数百种文化，创造了数百万个新故事)”提到，我们创造了数百种文化，创造了数百万个新故事，B项“我们周围有很多以前从未存在过的事物，而猪、羊驼和金鱼却没有”承接上文，进一步说明我们创造了很多东西，故选B。 2. 上文“Before 1908, each vehicle was custom built, with different parts assembled in different places and then painstakingly brought together.(在1908年之前，每辆车都是定制的，不同的部件在不同的地方组装，然后煞费苦心地组装在一起)”提到，车辆组装的繁琐过程，结合下文“Nevertheless, the idea was something he learned about from the Chicago meatpacking industry. He simply assembled into a car the discoveries of other men behind whom were centuries of work.(不过，这个想法是他从芝加哥肉类加工业那里学来的。他只是把其他人几个世纪的工作成果组装到一辆汽车里)”可知，空处是提到某个人关于汽车组装的想法，D项“但是亨利·福特想出了一个关键的创新方法来简化整个流程”符合语境，故选D。 3. 根据本段“Take, for example, a surgeon named Anthony Cicoria, who in 1994 was speaking to his mother on an outdoor payphone when he was struck by a bolt of lightning. A few weeks later, he unexpectedly began composing and introduced his music works in subsequent years. If ever there were an example of creativity originating out of the thin air, this might be it.(以一位名叫安东尼·西科里亚的外科医生为例，1994年，他在室外公用电话上与母亲通话时被一道闪电击中。几周后，他意外地开始作曲，并在随后的几年里介绍了他的音乐作品。如果说有一个创意凭空产生的例子，那可能就是它了)”可知，本段是关于凭空产生灵感，C项“但是，是否会有这样的时刻，一个人突然有了一个不知道从哪里来的想法？”符合语境，故选C。 4. 上文提到Cicoria凭空产生音乐灵感，结合本段首句“However, on closer inspection, Cicoria also turns out to rely on the raw materials around him.(然而，仔细观察，Cicoria也依赖于他周围的原材料)”可知，本段和上文是转折关系，说明Cicoria的创作并非凭空产生，空处总结本段，G项“他突然对作曲的渴望可能是凭空而来的，但他的基本创作过程却并非如此”符合语境，故选G。 5. 上文“We humans are always waiting for the creative lightning to strike.(我们人类总是在等待创造性的闪电来袭)”提到，我们人类总是在等待创造性的闪电来袭，结合下文“Instead of new ideas being lit up by lightning bolts, they arise from the interweaving billions of microscopic sparks in the vast darkness of the brain.(新想法不是由闪电点燃的，而是由大脑巨大的黑暗中数十亿微小的火花交织而成的)”可知，新想法不是由闪电点燃，而是大脑中的火花交织而成，故空处和上文形成转折关系，A项“然而，创意是从现有的记忆和印象中发展而来的”符合语境，故选A。 Passage 15 （2024·山东济南·模拟预测）Over the past few decades, technology has advanced at an unprecedented rate, revolutionizing industries and shaping new ways of life. 1 According to the International Telecommunication Union, a key advocate of technological advancement, the rapid growth of technology has significantly improved the quality of life in numerous communities. It cites studies that show the integration of technology into daily lives has led to increased efficiency, more access to information, and even progress in healthcare in numerous regions. 2 Those who embrace technological progress argue that it creates new opportunities for individuals and businesses alike. For instance, farmers in remote areas can now access real-time market information and weather updates through smartphones, enabling them to make more informed decisions about their crops. Additionally, small businesses can expand their reach globally through online platforms. 3 They argue that while technology may bring benefits to some, it often expands the difference between the technologically informed and the digitally excluded. Studies conducted by organizations like the United Nations Development Programme reveal that many individuals, particularly those in developing regions or with limited resources, lag behind in accessing and utilizing technological advancements. 4 Furthermore, critics fear that the unchecked growth of technology may have negative impacts on society and the environment. For example, the rise of social media and the internet has led to an increase in cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and the spread of misinformation. Moreover, the overuse of technology may contribute to do-nothing lifestyles and other health issues. One thing is certain about technological progress — it is an inevitable trend. The rapid pace of innovation and the widespread availability of technology make it impossible to turn back. 5 A．But how can we take control of technology to our advantage? B．The question arises: Is technological progress beneficial for all? C．This digital divide can lead to increased social and economic gaps. D．However, critics of technological advancement hold a different view. E．These advancements have been particularly evident in rural and underserved areas. F．It ensures that the benefits of technological progress are shared equally across society. G．The challenge now is finding ways to command the power of technology to benefit all. 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. D 4. C 5. G 【导语】本文属于议论文。文章主要探讨科技进步对社会的影响。科技进步虽带来诸多好处，但也存在负面影响。文章传递的价值和意义在于提醒人们要理性看待科技进步，努力缩小数字鸿沟，让科技更好地造福人类。 1. 设空位于首段段尾，应是引出下文，根据后文“Those who embrace technological progress argue that it creates new opportunities for individuals and businesses alike.(那些拥护技术进步的人认为，它为个人和企业都创造了新的机会)”以及“Furthermore, critics fear that the unchecked growth of technology may have negative impacts on society and the environment.(此外，批评者担心技术的无限制发展可能会对社会和环境产生负面影响)”可知，本文主要探讨科技进步对社会的影响，在根据前文“Over the past few decades, technology has advanced at an unprecedented rate, revolutionizing industries and shaping new ways of life.(在过去的几十年里，技术以前所未有的速度发展，彻底改变了工业，塑造了新的生活方式)”可知，B项“The question arises: Is technological progress beneficial for all?(问题来了：技术进步对所有人都有利吗?)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故选B项。 2. 根据前文“According to the International Telecommunication Union, a key advocate of technological advancement, the rapid growth of technology has significantly improved the quality of life in numerous communities. It cites studies that show the integration of technology into daily lives has led to increased efficiency, more access to information, and even progress in healthcare in numerous regions.(国际电信联盟是技术进步的主要倡导者，根据该联盟的说法，技术的快速发展显著提高了许多社区的生活质量。报告援引的研究表明，在许多地区，技术融入日常生活提高了效率，增加了获取信息的渠道，甚至在医疗保健方面取得了进步)”可知，技术进步显著提高了许多社区的生活质量，有很多技术进步带来的好处，所以E项“These advancements have been particularly evident in rural and underserved areas.(这些进步在农村和服务不足地区尤为明显)”与前文提到的研究结果相契合，符合文意。故选E项。 3. 根据前文“Those who embrace technological progress argue that it creates new opportunities for individuals and businesses alike. For instance, farmers in remote areas can now access real-time market information and weather updates through smartphones, enabling them to make more informed decisions about their crops. Additionally, small businesses can expand their reach globally through online platforms.(那些拥护技术进步的人认为，它为个人和企业都创造了新的机会。例如，偏远地区的农民现在可以通过智能手机获取实时市场信息和天气更新，使他们能够对自己的作物做出更明智的决定。此外，小企业可以通过在线平台扩大其全球影响力)”以及后文“They argue that while technology may bring benefits to some, it often expands the difference between the technologically informed and the digitally excluded.(他们认为，虽然技术可能给一些人带来好处，但它往往扩大了掌握技术的人和被数字技术排斥的人之间的差距)”可知，前文提到那些拥抱技术进步的人认为它给个人和企业带来了新的机会，但后文却提到批评者认为技术进步虽然可能给一些人带来好处，但往往扩大了技术知情者和数字排斥者之间的差距，前后是转折关系，所以D项“However, critics of technological advancement hold a different view.(然而，技术进步的批评者持有不同的观点)”和前文构成转折关系，并引出下文。故选D项。 4. 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“They argue that while technology may bring benefits to some, it often expands the difference between the technologically informed and the digitally excluded. Studies conducted by organizations like the United Nations Development Programme reveal that many individuals, particularly those in developing regions or with limited resources, lag behind in accessing and utilizing technological advancements.(他们认为，虽然技术可能给一些人带来好处，但它往往扩大了掌握技术的人和被数字技术排斥的人之间的差距。联合国开发计划署等组织进行的研究表明，许多人，特别是发展中地区或资源有限的人，在获取和利用技术进步方面落后)”可知，前文提到了技术进步会导致生活在发展中地区或资源有限的人，在获取和利用技术进步方面落后，所以C项“This digital divide can lead to increased social and economic gaps.(这种数字鸿沟可能导致社会和经济差距的扩大)”是对前文坏处的总结，符合文意。故选C项。 5. 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“One thing is certain about technological progress—it is an inevitable trend. The rapid pace of innovation and the widespread availability of technology make it impossible to turn back.(关于技术进步，有一点是肯定的——它是一个不可避免的趋势。创新的快速步伐和技术的广泛可用性使其不可能倒退)”可知，作者指出，技术进步是不可避免的，所以G项“The challenge now is finding ways to command the power of technology to benefit all.(现在的挑战是找到方法来控制技术的力量，使所有人受益)”承接上文，点出主题，符合语境。故选G项。 高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$