精品解析：北京市八一学校2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题

2025北京八一学校高三（下）开学考 英 语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I was 11 when I asked my mum for piano lessons. As we were in an economic crisis, she said a polite “no”. That didn’t discourage me. I drew a keyboard onto a piece of paper and stuck it on my desk. I would ___1___ notes on an online keyboard and “play” them back on my paper one —keeping the sound they made on the computer in my head. I spent six months playing without ___2___ a real piano. As my mum found I was serious about it, she bought me 10 lessons with borrowed money. I ___3___ my grade one after eight lessons and got distinction. By the time I started secondary school, we couldn’t afford lessons again, so I returned to my paper keyboard. I passed grade three, then grade five, practising only on my piece of paper. For the grades above that, there’s an ___4___ that you should add a certain sensitivity into your playing. The music teacher at my school said I could practise on the school’s grand piano. I would wake up at 5:30 am to get there in time and play until lessons started. I’d ___5___ lunch and then practice after school until the caretaker kicked me out. At home, I’d have dinner, do three hours of revision, and then ___6___ practice until 1:00 am. My school didn’t offer music A-level. I found the Purcell School for young musicians. The audition (试镜) was extremely challenging, and I felt overwhelmed. To my amazement, I was offered a ___7___. I had been told I had started playing too ___8___ to reach conservatoire (音乐学院) level, but when I left Purcell, I was awarded the senior piano prize. I am now at the Guildhall School in London, where I was offered a scholarship. I feel ___9___: it’s been 10 years since I drew my paper piano and I’m at one of the world’s leading conservatoires. The irony is that I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano — what we call mental practice. It _____10_____ key areas of the mind that are less readily accessed by piano playing alone. The paper piano helped stimulate my curiosity about how music works. 1. A. take B. sign C. click D. compose 2. A. seeing B. choosing C. enjoying D. touching 3. A. got through B. put off C. fell behind D. passed by 4. A. attitude B. expectation C. opinion D. opportunity 5. A. avoid B. miss C. save D. skip 6. A. social B. mental C. mechanical D. physical 7. A. course B. reward C. place D. certificate 8. A. soon B. late C. hurriedly D. suddenly 9. A. proud B. relieved C. ambitious D. grateful 10. A. builds B. covers C. defines D. unlocks 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 When Suki heard she was to be laid off, her first reaction was fear for what it could mean for her career. “I was initially scared because I ____11____ (see) layoffs happening all across the tech industry, so I worried I wouldn’t be able to find another job.” A few days later, she put her video skills to use, ____12____ (share) a video online that highlighted the new ____13____ (hobby) she’d found time to take up after being laid off, such as painting, dancing and etc. The video struck a chord, scoring thousands of likes and prompting a flood of recruiters to get in touch. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 You have probably dreamed about ____14____ you would change the world, only to find that it seems impossible. However, you may have the power ____15____ (make) the world better with baby steps. That’s the idea behind the BA Challenge, which is a public service campaign co-initiated by Alibaba and Sina Weibo. It asks people to do something positive and then record the changes before and after. Since its first appearance on Sina Weibo on Sept. 2nd, the BA Challenge has attracted millions of viewers and participants. Though these little things may be easily ignored in our daily lives, they ____16____ (receive) warmly by many viewers. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Faced with health or nutrition questions, it is ____17____ (increase) common for people to go online and diagnose themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to remove the wrong advice, some of ____18____ is extremely dangerous! Also, search engines rank results by popularity rather than accuracy, so solid facts can be tricky to find. It is worth examining whether the writer of an online piece is properly qualified ____19____ an expert. Remember, only officially ____20____ (recognize) practicing doctors as well as dietitians have degrees in giving medical suggestions. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节 阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Students applying to colleges that use the Common Application should hand in an essay of 650 words. That includes the essay title, notes, and any other text that you include in the essay. What Can You Accomplish in 650 Words? Even if you take advantage of the full length available to you, keep in mind that 650 words is not a long essay. It’s roughly the equivalent of a two-page, double-spaced essay. Most essays tend to be between three and eight paragraphs depending on the applicant’s writing style and essay strategy. As you plan your essay, you definitely want to keep the length requirement in mind. Many applicants attempt to do too much with their essays and then struggle to edit them down to 650 words. Realize the purpose of the personal statement is not to tell your life story or to give an exhaustive overview of all of your accomplishments. Let your list of extracurricular activities, academic record, letters of recommendation, and supplemental essays and materials show your range of accomplishments. The personal statement is not the place for long lists or catalogs of achievement. To write an engaging and effective 650 word or shorter essay, you need to have a sharp focus. Narrate a single event, or illuminate a single passion or talent. Allow enough space for self-reflection so that whatever your topic is you spend at least some time talking about its significance to you. Again, use the essay to narrate an engaging story. Make sure it highlights something you care about deeply, and be sure to provide a window into your interests or personality that isn’t already obvious from the rest of your application. A Final Word About Essay Length With the primary Common Application essay you will need to come in at 650 words or fewer. However, you will find that most supplemental essays on the Common Application have different length guidelines, and colleges that don’t use the Common Application will have differing length requirements. No matter what the circumstances, make sure you follow the guidelines. If an essay should be 350 words, don’t write 370. Finally, keep in mind that what you say and how you say it is far more important than whether you have 550 words or 650 words. If you’ve said all you have to say in 500 words, don’t try to pad your essay to make it longer. Regardless of length, the best writing will tell a compelling story, provide insight to your character and interests, and are written with crisp and engaging prose. 21. According to the passage, what might be a right thing to do while writing an essay? A. To tell some interesting life stories. B. To list all the possible achievements. C. To show the range of accomplishments. D. To highlight the focus of one single event. 22. As for the essay length, the applicant ________. A. should follow the guidelines. B. can set his or her own limit accordingly C. should make sure it no less than 650 words D. can write more than 650 words when necessary 23 What is the purpose of the passage? A. To stress the importance of essay writing. B. To introduce methods of writing a good essay. C. To advertise a writing course for college students. D. To remind the applicants of the length of their essay. B She spent over two decades working her way up in the science industry, either as a chemist in a lab or in a management role. Now Berkeley Middle School teacher Mrs. Amy Adams is employing her science skills in a different environment. She decided to mix things up a bit and came up with a winning formula to help make a difference in the classroom. Mrs. Amy Adams is our Cool School teacher of the week. She took a couple of years off after having children. While volunteering at her kids’ school, she was fascinated by education. Adams says, “This is where I am supposed to be. I loved my job and the people I worked with, but I just kept feeling unsettled, so finally, I channeled my energy into something meaningful.” Adams says she stepped out on faith and the rest is history, well actually it’s science. She’s now in year six of teaching seventh-grade science at BMS. “This is my alma mater. I walked the halls of Berkeley Middle. So it is with all four of my children. My youngest is walking the halls now. It just feels like home,” Adams said. Adams describes her teaching style as interactive. She says, “I want them to have a voice and learn critical thinking, so we feature colorful activities. Whether it’s note-taking, worksheets, doing DNA extractions on a strawberry or dissecting frogs, the process is always interactive. By doing so, I intend to cultivate a culture of learning and arouse their interest in science.” LaTanya Butler, principal at BMS says, “She was in the science industry, so she can relate the concepts she teaches to real life, which is one of the great attributes to have in a teacher.” Butler says Mrs. Adams also pushed to add an additional day to her work week. “I’ve had to open the building at her request so she can work on Saturdays. That’s just the attitude she adopts, to go over and beyond for our students here. I just appreciate Mrs. Adams for hearing the call to switch to education. If I could clone Mrs. Adams fifty more times, not only Berkeley Middle but schools in general would benefit from that spirit of dedication.” When asked if she misses working in the industry, Mrs. Adams says, “I’ll tell you I work harder now than I ever did, that I’m more tired now than I ever was, but I absolutely love what I do, and I feel like what I’m doing makes a difference. I can’t imagine not being here.” 24. What was the main cause for Adams’ changing her job? A. Her love of education. B. Her lack of inspiration. C. Her spirit of volunteering. D. Her desire of being perfect. 25. What can we learn from LaTanya Butler’s words? A. Adams can associate theory with practice. B. Adams’ dedication will inspire more teachers. C. Adams works overtime to teach students more. D. Adams owes her success to her work experience. 26. Which of the following can best describe Adams? A. Creative and competent. B. Patient and imaginative. C. Devoted and passionate. D. Warm-hearted and modest. 27. What is the passage trying to tell us? A. Keep looking, don’t settle. B. Action speaks louder than words． C. To know oneself is true progress. D. Live your passion, follow your dreams. C In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires. These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline. As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. 28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________. A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic C. evaluate a statement D. highlight a problem 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A Climate change has been forgotten. B. Lessons of history are highly valued. C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 30. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices. C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making. D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires. D What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is. So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’” As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere. Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. 31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is . A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful 32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature. C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too? C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day? D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Turn Your Goals into Habits First we make our habits, then our habits make us. It’s such a simple concept, yet it’s something we don’t always do. I believe that having ONE goal to focus on is much more powerful than having many goals. By putting the belief into practice, I have achieved a lot of personal goals over time. ____35____ My answer takes a little explaining. I try to turn my goals into habits, and in doing so, I put my goals on autopilot. Turning a goal into a habit means really focusing on it for at least a month. The more you can focus, the more it’ll be on autopilot. ____36____ You’ll still do it, but you only have to use minimal force to maintain it, and you can focus on your next goal or habit. Take my marathon goal as an example. I was just starting running and had the brilliant idea to run a marathon within a year. So that was my goal. ____37____ First, I had to make running a daily habit. Second, I had to report to people in order to have accountability (负责) so that I could not quit easily. I focused on the daily running habit for about a month, and didn’t have any other goals or habits. When the running habit stuck, I started reporting to people I knew and blogging about my running every day. _____38_____ I could focus on new goals without having to worry about the marathon. I still had to do the running, of course, but it didn’t require constant focus. _____39_____ I was able to achieve this because, all year long, I had daily running and accountability habits. I put my marathon goal into autopilot, so instead of struggling with it daily for an entire year, I focused on it for one month and was able to accomplish it while focusing on new habits and goals. A. And eventually, I ran the first marathon in my life. B. At the beginning, it was very difficult for me to achieve this goal. C. But in order to achieve it, I broke it down into two habits. D. With this accountability, there’s no way I could stop running. E. Once you put it on autopilot, you don’t have to focus on it much. F My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them while working on different projects. G. Once those two habits were established, my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot. 第三部分：书面表达（共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。 阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。 The Weight of White Lies A man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine. Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire. In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, San Diego. Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts. People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.” In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little downside could be the closest second. 40. What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)? ________________ 41. What are the ways to kindly deceive others? ________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. ________________ 43. Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant? Why? (In about 40 words) ________________ 第二节 （共20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim得知“北京中轴线”被正式列入《世界遗产名录》，打算利用2025年3月第一个周末的一天游览“北京中轴线”，想请你当导游。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 接受请求； 2. 规划行程。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：北京中轴线 Beijing Central Axis Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025北京八一学校高三（下）开学考 英 语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I was 11 when I asked my mum for piano lessons. As we were in an economic crisis, she said a polite “no”. That didn’t discourage me. I drew a keyboard onto a piece of paper and stuck it on my desk. I would ___1___ notes on an online keyboard and “play” them back on my paper one —keeping the sound they made on the computer in my head. I spent six months playing without ___2___ a real piano. As my mum found I was serious about it, she bought me 10 lessons with borrowed money. I ___3___ my grade one after eight lessons and got distinction. By the time I started secondary school, we couldn’t afford lessons again, so I returned to my paper keyboard. I passed grade three, then grade five, practising only on my piece of paper. For the grades above that, there’s an ___4___ that you should add a certain sensitivity into your playing. The music teacher at my school said I could practise on the school’s grand piano. I would wake up at 5:30 am to get there in time and play until lessons started. I’d ___5___ lunch and then practice after school until the caretaker kicked me out. At home, I’d have dinner, do three hours of revision, and then ___6___ practice until 1:00 am. My school didn’t offer music A-level. I found the Purcell School for young musicians. The audition (试镜) was extremely challenging, and I felt overwhelmed. To my amazement, I was offered a ___7___. I had been told I had started playing too ___8___ to reach conservatoire (音乐学院) level, but when I left Purcell, I was awarded the senior piano prize. I am now at the Guildhall School in London, where I was offered a scholarship. I feel ___9___: it’s been 10 years since I drew my paper piano and I’m at one of the world’s leading conservatoires. The irony is that I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano — what we call mental practice. It _____10_____ key areas of the mind that are less readily accessed by piano playing alone. The paper piano helped stimulate my curiosity about how music works. 1. A. take B. sign C. click D. compose 2. A. seeing B. choosing C. enjoying D. touching 3. A. got through B. put off C. fell behind D. passed by 4. A. attitude B. expectation C. opinion D. opportunity 5. A. avoid B. miss C. save D. skip 6. A. social B. mental C. mechanical D. physical 7. A. course B. reward C. place D. certificate 8. A. soon B. late C. hurriedly D. suddenly 9 A. proud B. relieved C. ambitious D. grateful 10. A. builds B. covers C. defines D. unlocks 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在经济困难的情况下，凭借对钢琴的热爱和坚持，从在纸上画键盘练习到最终进入世界顶尖音乐学院的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会点击在线键盘上的音符，然后在我的纸上“弹奏”它们——把它们在电脑上发出的声音记在脑子里。A. take拿，取；B. sign签名，签署；C. click点击；D. compose创作，组成。根据后文“notes on an online keyboard and “play” them back on my paper one” 可知，作者在网上键盘上点击音符，然后在纸上的键盘上“弹奏”。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了六个月的时间弹奏，没有碰过一架真正的钢琴。A. seeing看见；B. choosing选择；C. enjoying享受；D. touching触摸。根据前文“I drew a keyboard onto a piece of paper and stuck it on my desk.”以及“I spent six months playing without...”可知，作者画了一个纸键盘，在没有触摸到真正钢琴的情况下练习了六个月。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：八节课后，我通过了一级考试，并取得了优异成绩。A. got through通过，完成；B. put off推迟；C. fell behind落后；D. passed by经过，路过。根据后文“got distinction”可知，作者在八节课后通过了一级考试并获得了优异成绩。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于以上的等级，你应该在演奏中增加一定的敏感度。A. attitude态度；B. expectation期望；C. opinion意见；D. opportunity机会。根据后文“that you should add a certain sensitivity into your playing” 可知，对于更高的等级，有一个期望，即你应该在演奏中加入一定的敏感度。故选B项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不吃午饭，放学后练习，直到管理员叫我出去。A. avoid避免；B. miss错失；C. save节省，拯救；D. skip跳过，略过。根据前文“I would wake up at 5:30 am to get there in time and play until lessons started.”以及“then practice after school until the caretaker kicked me out.”可知，作者为了练习钢琴，会早起去学校练琴，放学后也练琴，所以会跳过午餐时间。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在家里，我会吃完晚饭，复习三个小时，然后进行心理练习，直到凌晨一点。A. social社会的；B. mental心理的；C. mechanical机械的；D. physical身体的。根据后文“what we call mental practice”可知，作者在家会进行所谓的“心理练习”，所以这里应该是然后进行心理练习直到凌晨1点。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，我被录取了。A. course课程；B. reward奖励，回报；C. place位置，名额；D. certificate证书。根据前文“The audition (试镜) was extremely challenging, and I felt overwhelmed. To my amazement”可知，试镜非常具有挑战性，作者感到不知所措，但令他惊讶的是，他获得了一个名额。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有人告诉我，我开始学习钢琴太晚了，达不到音乐学院的水平，但当我离开珀塞尔学院时，我获得了高级钢琴奖。A. soon很快；B. late晚，迟；C. hurriedly匆忙地； D. suddenly突然地。根据前文“I was 11 when I asked my mum for piano lessons. As we were in an economic crisis, she said a polite “no”.”以及“I had been told I had started playing too...”可知，作者11岁才开始学钢琴，有人说他开始得太晚，达不到音乐学院的水平。故选B项。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到自豪：我画纸钢琴已经10年了，我现在在世界上最顶尖的音乐学院之一。A. proud自豪的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. grateful感激的。根据后文“it’s been 10 years since I drew my paper piano and I’m at one of the world’s leading conservatoires.”可知，自从作者画纸钢琴到现在已经10年了，他进入了世界顶尖的音乐学院之一，所以他感到自豪。故选A项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它打开了心灵的关键区域，这些区域不太容易被单独弹钢琴所触及。A. builds建立；B. covers覆盖；C. defines定义；D. unlocks解锁，开启。根据前文 “what we call mental practice”以及“key areas of the mind that are less readily accessed by piano playing alone”可知，心理练习能解锁仅靠弹钢琴不太容易触及的大脑关键区域。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 When Suki heard she was to be laid off, her first reaction was fear for what it could mean for her career. “I was initially scared because I ____11____ (see) layoffs happening all across the tech industry, so I worried I wouldn’t be able to find another job.” A few days later, she put her video skills to use, ____12____ (share) a video online that highlighted the new ____13____ (hobby) she’d found time to take up after being laid off, such as painting, dancing and etc. The video struck a chord, scoring thousands of likes and prompting a flood of recruiters to get in touch. 【答案】11. had seen 12. sharing 13. hobbies 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Suki被解雇后，利用自己的视频技能，在网上分享她下岗后找到的新爱好，这受到了网友的喜爱，也吸引了招聘人员。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：一开始我很害怕，因为我看到整个科技行业都在裁员，所以我担心自己找不到另一份工作。此处填入谓语动词，根据上下文语境可知，“看到裁员发生在整个科技行业”这个动作发生在“I was initially scared”（一般过去时）之前，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”，“see” 的过去分词是 “seen”。故填had seen。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几天后，她开始运用自己的视频技能，在网上分享了一段视频，突出了她失业后抽出时间培养的新爱好，比如绘画、跳舞等。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，share和逻辑主语she为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填sharing。 【13题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：几天后，她开始运用自己的视频技能，在网上分享了一段视频，突出了她失业后抽出时间培养的新爱好，比如绘画、跳舞等。根据后文“such as painting, dancing and etc.”可知，她有不止一个新爱好，“hobby”是可数名词，所以要用复数形式 hobbies。故填hobbies。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 You have probably dreamed about ____14____ you would change the world, only to find that it seems impossible. However, you may have the power ____15____ (make) the world better with baby steps. That’s the idea behind the BA Challenge, which is a public service campaign co-initiated by Alibaba and Sina Weibo. It asks people to do something positive and then record the changes before and after. Since its first appearance on Sina Weibo on Sept. 2nd, the BA Challenge has attracted millions of viewers and participants. Though these little things may be easily ignored in our daily lives, they ____16____ (receive) warmly by many viewers. 【答案】14. how 15. to make 16. are received 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章通过“BA挑战”活动，强调了通过小步骤改变世界的重要性，并鼓励人们积极参与。 【14题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：你可能梦想过如何改变世界，却发现这似乎是不可能的。设空处连接宾语从句，表示“如何改变世界”，需用连接副词how，指方式。故填how。 【15题详解】 考查不定式。句意：然而，你可能拥有用一小步让世界变得更美好的力量。“have the power to do sth.”，意为“有能力做某事”，动词不定式作后置定语，修饰power。故填to make。 【16题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：虽然这些小事情在我们的日常生活中很容易被忽视，但它们受到了许多观众的热烈欢迎。主语they，指代little things，与动词receive为被动关系，且描述一般事实，需用一般现在时的被动语态，主语they，be动词用are。故填are received。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Faced with health or nutrition questions, it is ____17____ (increase) common for people to go online and diagnose themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to remove the wrong advice, some of ____18____ is extremely dangerous! Also, search engines rank results by popularity rather than accuracy, so solid facts can be tricky to find. It is worth examining whether the writer of an online piece is properly qualified ____19____ an expert. Remember, only officially ____20____ (recognize) practicing doctors as well as dietitians have degrees in giving medical suggestions. 【答案】17. increasingly 18. which 19. as 20. recognized 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当人们遇到健康问题时，上网搜索自我诊断的现象，但其实网上的信息并不可靠，最后指出只有官方认可的医生和营养师才有资格给予实用的的医疗建议。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：面对健康或营养问题，人们上网自我诊断越来越普遍。由副词修饰形容词可知，这里修饰形容词“common”，需要用副词形式。“increase”的副词形式是“increasingly”，表示“越来越多地；日益”。故填increasingly。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：但互联网上充满了相互矛盾的健康警告，没有任何规定来删除错误的建议，其中一些是极其危险的！分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “conflicting health warnings”，指物，在介词“of”后作宾语，所以用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 【19题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：值得研究的是，一篇网络文章的作者是否有资格成为专家。此处“be qualified as...”是固定短语，意为“有资格作为……；胜任……”。故填as。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：记住，只有官方认可的执业医生和营养师才有提供医疗建议的学位。由空后doctors和dietitians为名词可知，此处为形容词recognized“认可的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填recognized。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节 阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Students applying to colleges that use the Common Application should hand in an essay of 650 words. That includes the essay title, notes, and any other text that you include in the essay. What Can You Accomplish in 650 Words? Even if you take advantage of the full length available to you, keep in mind that 650 words is not a long essay. It’s roughly the equivalent of a two-page, double-spaced essay. Most essays tend to be between three and eight paragraphs depending on the applicant’s writing style and essay strategy. As you plan your essay, you definitely want to keep the length requirement in mind. Many applicants attempt to do too much with their essays and then struggle to edit them down to 650 words. Realize the purpose of the personal statement is not to tell your life story or to give an exhaustive overview of all of your accomplishments. Let your list of extracurricular activities, academic record, letters of recommendation, and supplemental essays and materials show your range of accomplishments. The personal statement is not the place for long lists or catalogs of achievement. To write an engaging and effective 650 word or shorter essay, you need to have a sharp focus. Narrate a single event, or illuminate a single passion or talent. Allow enough space for self-reflection so that whatever your topic is you spend at least some time talking about its significance to you. Again, use the essay to narrate an engaging story. Make sure it highlights something you care about deeply, and be sure to provide a window into your interests or personality that isn’t already obvious from the rest of your application. A Final Word About Essay Length With the primary Common Application essay, you will need to come in at 650 words or fewer. However, you will find that most supplemental essays on the Common Application have different length guidelines, and colleges that don’t use the Common Application will have differing length requirements. No matter what the circumstances, make sure you follow the guidelines. If an essay should be 350 words, don’t write 370. Finally, keep in mind that what you say and how you say it is far more important than whether you have 550 words or 650 words. If you’ve said all you have to say in 500 words, don’t try to pad your essay to make it longer. Regardless of length, the best writing will tell a compelling story, provide insight to your character and interests, and are written with crisp and engaging prose. 21. According to the passage, what might be a right thing to do while writing an essay? A To tell some interesting life stories. B. To list all the possible achievements. C. To show the range of accomplishments. D. To highlight the focus of one single event. 22. As for the essay length, the applicant ________. A. should follow the guidelines. B. can set his or her own limit accordingly C. should make sure it no less than 650 words D. can write more than 650 words when necessary 23. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To stress the importance of essay writing. B. To introduce methods of writing a good essay. C. To advertise a writing course for college students. D. To remind the applicants of the length of their essay. 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了申请大学的论文的650字应该写什么，以及文章的具体长度是什么。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Let your list of extracurricular activities, academic record, letters of recommendation, and supplemental essays and materials show your range of accomplishments. The personal statement is not the place for long lists or catalogs of achievement.(让你的课外活动清单、学术记录、推荐信、补充文章和材料显示你的成就范围。)”可知，写论文时，你需要显示出你的成就范围，故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章A Final Word About Essay Length部分“No matter what the circumstances, make sure you follow the guidelines. If an essay should be 350 words, don’t write 370.(不论在什么情况下，都要确保遵守准则。如果一篇文章应该是350字，就不要写370字。)”可知，关于论文的长度，申请者需要遵守准则，故选A。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Students applying to colleges that use the Common Application should hand in an essay of 650 words. (申请使用通用应用程序的大学生应该要提交一篇650字的论文。)”以及后文的两个小标题“What Can You Accomplish in 650 Words?(在650字内，你应该写什么？)”“A Final Word About Essay Length(论文长度的最终提示。)”可知，本篇文章主要介绍了论文的长度限制，故文章的目的在于提醒申请者所写论文的长度，故选D。 B She spent over two decades working her way up in the science industry, either as a chemist in a lab or in a management role. Now Berkeley Middle School teacher Mrs. Amy Adams is employing her science skills in a different environment. She decided to mix things up a bit and came up with a winning formula to help make a difference in the classroom. Mrs. Amy Adams is our Cool School teacher of the week. She took a couple of years off after having children. While volunteering at her kids’ school, she was fascinated by education. Adams says, “This is where I am supposed to be. I loved my job and the people I worked with, but I just kept feeling unsettled, so finally, I channeled my energy into something meaningful.” Adams says she stepped out on faith, and the rest is history, well actually it’s science. She’s now in year six of teaching seventh-grade science at BMS. “This is my alma mater. I walked the halls of Berkeley Middle. So it is with all four of my children. My youngest is walking the halls now. It just feels like home,” Adams said. Adams describes her teaching style as interactive. She says, “I want them to have a voice and learn critical thinking, so we feature colorful activities. Whether it’s note-taking, worksheets, doing DNA extractions on a strawberry or dissecting frogs, the process is always interactive. By doing so, I intend to cultivate a culture of learning and arouse their interest in science.” LaTanya Butler, principal at BMS says, “She was in the science industry, so she can relate the concepts she teaches to real life, which is one of the great attributes to have in a teacher.” Butler says Mrs. Adams also pushed to add an additional day to her work week. “I’ve had to open the building at her request so she can work on Saturdays. That’s just the attitude she adopts, to go over and beyond for our students here. I just appreciate Mrs. Adams for hearing the call to switch to education. If I could clone Mrs. Adams fifty more times, not only Berkeley Middle but schools in general would benefit from that spirit of dedication.” When asked if she misses working in the industry, Mrs. Adams says, “I’ll tell you I work harder now than I ever did, that I’m more tired now than I ever was, but I absolutely love what I do, and I feel like what I’m doing makes a difference. I can’t imagine not being here.” 24. What was the main cause for Adams’ changing her job? A. Her love of education. B. Her lack of inspiration. C. Her spirit of volunteering. D. Her desire of being perfect. 25. What can we learn from LaTanya Butler’s words? A. Adams can associate theory with practice. B. Adams’ dedication will inspire more teachers. C. Adams works overtime to teach students more. D. Adams owes her success to her work experience. 26. Which of the following can best describe Adams? A. Creative and competent. B. Patient and imaginative. C. Devoted and passionate. D. Warm-hearted and modest. 27. What is the passage trying to tell us? A. Keep looking, don’t settle. B. Action speaks louder than words． C. To know oneself is true progress. D. Live your passion, follow your dreams. 【答案】24. A 25. A 26. C 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Adams对于追寻自己的梦想，从科学领域转行到教育，讲述了她对工作的热爱和贡献。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“While volunteering at her kids’ school, she was fascinated by education. Adams says, “This is where I am supposed to be. I loved my job and the people I worked with, but I just kept feeling unsettled, so finally, I channeled my energy into something meaningful.”(当她在她孩子的学校当志愿者时，她被教育所吸引。Adams说道：‘这才是我应该做的事情。我喜欢我的工作，我喜欢周围的人，到那时我却一直感到不安，因此，最终，我决定把我的精力投入到一些有意义的事情上。’)”可知，对教育的热爱让Adams改变了工作，故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“LaTanya Butler, principal at BMS says, “She was in the science industry, so she can relate the concepts she teaches to real life, which is one of the great attributes to have in a teacher.”(BMS的校长LaTanya Butler,说道：‘她是科学领域的，因此她可以将她所教授的理论运用了实际生活，这是一个老师拥有的最大的品质。’)”可知，LaTanya Butler认为Adams可以将理论联系实践，故选A。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Butler says Mrs. Adams also pushed to add an additional day to her work week.( Butler说Mrs. Adams让自己一周多工作一天)”可推知，是乐于贡献的“devoted”；根据文章最后一段“but I absolutely love what I do, and I feel like what I’m doing makes a difference.(但是我十分热爱我的工作，并且我感觉我所做的事情有意义)”可推知，Adams对于工作是充满热情的“passionate”，故选C。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“When asked if she misses working in the industry, Mrs. Adams says, “I’ll tell you I work harder now than I ever did, that I’m more tired now than I ever was, but I absolutely love what I do, and I feel like what I’m doing makes a difference. I can’t imagine not being here.”(当问到她是否想念在科学领域的工作，Mrs. Adams说道：‘我现在比以前更加努力，我比以前工作更累，但是我十分热爱我的工作，并且我感觉我所做的事情有意义。我无法想象我不在这里工作会是什么样的。’)”可知，文章主要介绍了Adams对于追寻自己的梦想，从科学领域转行到教育，讲述了她对工作的热爱和贡献，故文章想要给读者传达的是“活出你的激情，追随你的梦想”，故选D。 C In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires. These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline. As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. 28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________. A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic C. evaluate a statement D. highlight a problem 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Climate change has been forgotten. B. Lessons of history are highly valued. C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 30. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices. C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making. D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires. 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。第一段首句“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，接着下文“The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.(历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔（Francis Cole）认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在的时代，现在的特点是瞬间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊”。)”引用历史学家Francis Cole的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害，由此可推知，文章引用Francis Col的话是为了强调一个问题，故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary.(一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派出飞船；他们会发明气候变化。的确，在环境变化的问题上，我们可以形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的)”可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化，故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，和第二段“It has been proved that people have a bias(偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices(牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow.(事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，只专注于当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。)”可知，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选A。 【点睛】 D What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is. So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’” As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere. Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. 31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is . A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful 32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature. C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too? C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day? D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too? 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something: perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。 【点睛】 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Turn Your Goals into Habits First we make our habits, then our habits make us. It’s such a simple concept, yet it’s something we don’t always do. I believe that having ONE goal to focus on is much more powerful than having many goals. By putting the belief into practice, I have achieved a lot of personal goals over time. ____35____ My answer takes a little explaining. I try to turn my goals into habits, and in doing so, I put my goals on autopilot. Turning a goal into a habit means really focusing on it for at least a month. The more you can focus, the more it’ll be on autopilot. ____36____ You’ll still do it, but you only have to use minimal force to maintain it, and you can focus on your next goal or habit. Take my marathon goal as an example. I was just starting running and had the brilliant idea to run a marathon within a year. So that was my goal. ____37____ First, I had to make running a daily habit. Second, I had to report to people in order to have accountability (负责) so that I could not quit easily. I focused on the daily running habit for about a month, and didn’t have any other goals or habits. When the running habit stuck, I started reporting to people I knew and blogging about my running every day. _____38_____ I could focus on new goals without having to worry about the marathon. I still had to do the running, of course, but it didn’t require constant focus. _____39_____ I was able to achieve this because, all year long, I had daily running and accountability habits. I put my marathon goal into autopilot, so instead of struggling with it daily for an entire year, I focused on it for one month and was able to accomplish it while focusing on new habits and goals. A. And eventually, I ran the first marathon in my life. B. At the beginning, it was very difficult for me to achieve this goal. C. But in order to achieve it, I broke it down into two habits. D. With this accountability, there’s no way I could stop running. E. Once you put it on autopilot, you don’t have to focus on it much. F. My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them while working on different projects. G. Once those two habits were established, my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot. 【答案】35. F 36. E 37. C 38. G 39. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇选句填空。当我们把目标变成习惯的时候，很容易地就可以实现自己的目标。文章讲述了具体的做法。 【35题详解】 横线后句“My answer takes a little explaining.”中的动词“answer”是关键词，由此可知横线句应该是一个问句，结合前句“By putting the belief into practice, I have achieved a lot of personal goals over time.”可知，人们对我取得如此多的成就的方法设问。F项：My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them while working on different projects.(我的读者问我，在做不同的项目时，我是如何做到这些的)承上启下，故选F。 【36题详解】 根据本段第四句I try to turn my goals into habits, and in doing so, I put my goals on autopilot.可知，把目标变成习惯，就会自动地努力去实现自己的目标，这就变成了一种自然的行为，不要再过多关注。E项：Once you put it on autopilot, you don’t have to focus on it much.(一旦你把它变成自动行动的，你就不必太关注它了。)符合本段文意，故选E。 【37题详解】 根据横线后两句First, I had to make running a daily habit. Second, I had to report to people in order to have accountability (负责) so that I could not quit easily.可知，作者首先把跑步变成日常的习惯，然后必须向人们汇报，这样作者就有了责任感，不会轻易放弃。C项：But in order to achieve it, I broke it down into two habits.(但为了达到这个目的，我把它分成了两个习惯。)也是讲述如何变成习惯，故选C。 【38题详解】 根据横线后句I could focus on new goals without having to worry about the marathon.可知，作者关注新的目标，不再考虑之前的马拉松了，因为马拉松已经成为作者的习惯了。G项：Once those two habits were established, my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot.(一旦这两个习惯建立起来，我的马拉松目标几乎是自动行动的。)符合文意，目标变成自动行动的，作者才不会关注了，故选G。 【39题详解】 根据横线后句I was able to achieve this because, all year long, I had daily running and accountability habits.可知，作者实现了这个目标是因为她每天都在跑，让跑马拉松成为了作者的习惯。那么实现这个目标就是很自然的事情了，A项：And eventually, I ran the first marathon in my life.(我完成了第一个马拉松，实现了我的目标。)符合上下文文意，故选A。 【点睛】本文小题3可以根据文章中的数字信息得出答案，在横线后两句中出现了first和second，说明要把一个大目标拆分成两个小目标。得出C项答案。做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。 第三部分：书面表达（共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。 阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。 The Weight of White Lies A man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine. Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire. In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, San Diego. Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts. People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.” In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little downside could be the closest second. 40. What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)? ________________ 41. What are the ways to kindly deceive others? ________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. ________________ 43. Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant? Why? (In about 40 words) ________________ 【答案】40. ①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable. ②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. 41. Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts. 42. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.) 43. I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了善意谎言的分量以及相关实验和研究。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire.(即使是善意的欺骗形式也有可接受的程度，而那些知道自己被误导的人并不总是像骗子那样看待它。例如，一个旨在增强某人信心或阻止一个坏习惯的谎言，通常涉及对那个人最好的判断。这种假设可能会适得其反)”可知，当人们说善意的谎言时，他们的假设是他们认为他们所做的是对那个人最好的，是可以接受的。或它通常包括判断什么对那个人是最好的。故答案为①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable. ②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts.(不过，编造谎言并不是善意欺骗的唯一方式：你也可以简单地忽略不愉快的事实)”可知，善意欺骗别人的方法有编造谎言，忽略令人不快的事实。故答案为Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission.(但那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持性的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍)”可知，错误的部分为“lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements”，根据这篇文章，那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍。（划线部分是错误的，因为它与文中的陈述相反）故答案为Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.) 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“当你告诉你的朋友一些不愉快的事情时，你是喜欢诚实还是善意的谎言？为什么？”可回答：我更喜欢诚实。众所周知，诚实是与朋友交往的上策，这有助于保持珍贵的友谊。虽然这可能会让人不舒服，但诚实可以建立信任，防止进一步的误解或冲突。相反，善意的谎言会破坏信任，从长远来看会导致更严重的问题。故答案为I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run. 第二节 （共20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim得知“北京中轴线”被正式列入《世界遗产名录》，打算利用2025年3月第一个周末的一天游览“北京中轴线”，想请你当导游。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 接受请求； 2. 规划行程。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：北京中轴线 Beijing Central Axis Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to hear that the Beijing Central Axis is now a World Heritage Site! It would be my honor to be your guide on that special day. Here’s my plan: We’ll start at Yongdingmen Gate in the south, admiring its ancient architecture. Then, we’ll take the subway to Tian’anmen Square to explore its historical significance. After lunch, we’ll visit the Forbidden City and end at the Drum Tower in the north, where you can enjoy a panoramic view of the axis. I’ll explain the cultural stories behind each spot. Let’s make it an unforgettable trip! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文给Jim回复，接受当他导游的请求以及规划行程。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 激动：thrilled → excited 欣赏：admire → appreciate 参观：visit → pay a visit to 难忘：unforgettable → memorable 2 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Here’s my plan: We’ll start at Yongdingmen Gate in the south, admiring its ancient architecture. 拓展句：Here’s my plan: We’ll start at Yongdingmen Gate in the south so that we can admire its ancient architecture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m thrilled to hear that the Beijing Central Axis is now a World Heritage Site! (运用了that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Here’s my plan: We’ll start at Yongdingmen Gate in the south, admiring its ancient architecture. (运用了现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$