内容正文:
练案[18] Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. The actors inspired (inspire)the kids with their
enthusiasm.
2. He was astonished (astonish)to learn he had won
the competition.
3. The police observed (observe)the man enter the
bank.
4.(2023·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)In more technical terms,
the wisdom (wise)of crowds requires that peoples
estimates be independent.
5. Surrounded (surround)by a couple of policemen,
the thief is unlikely to run away.
Ⅱ.选词填空
succeed in,be supposed to,help with,care for,seek
solutions to
1. I thought we were supposed to be paid today.
2. She always helps with the housework.
3. We sought solutions to the global crisis.
4. I tried to discuss it with her but only succeeded in
making her angry.
5. She moved back home to care for her elderly
parents.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. They have succeeded in overcoming all the
difficulties.
他们成功地克服了各种困难。
2. Both poets drew their inspiration from the
countryside.
两位诗人都从农村获得灵感。
3. Scientists are seeking solutions to energy
problems.
科学家正在寻找解决能源问题的办法。
4. We were astonished to hear that their team had
won the champion.
我们听到他们队得了冠军很惊讶
。
Ⅳ.语法填空
根据短文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My friend has a sweater that her uncle bought in the 1970s. That sweater is still going strong and she wears it
everywhere. Wellmade,longlasting clothing is 1. we should buy and wear. In reality,however,60%
of clothing nowadays 2. (abandon)within a year of purchase,which produces vast quantities of waste that
global landfills (垃圾填埋场)are struggling 3. (absorb).
If we choose longlasting clothes,it helps solve two key 4. (issue)at once—over consumption and
the declining quality of many clothes in stores these days. A focus on quality would make us likely to pay
5. (much)for bettermade items,which would reduce the desire to keep shopping,while slowing
demand for fast fashion overall.
You could buy secondhand clothing,too,as 6. useful way to extend the lifespan(寿命)of items
already 7. (create). But Ive come to think that whether you buy something new or used 8.
(matter)less if you commit to keeping clothes in use for decades. The same goes for 9. (nature)
fibers;this quality counts,of course, 10. it is less important if you throw away clothes within a few
months from time of purchase. The most important thing is to make them last.
—071—
Ⅴ.完形填空
My speciality is teaching English as a foreign
language. Some speaking activities do not give an accurate
1. A of your true language skills,in my opinion.
2. D ,narrative(叙述的)storytelling does.
Narrative storytelling is the 3. C of a story. It
can be a short piece of fiction or a news event. I believe
that narrative storytelling 4. D your mind from forming
complex ideas. This 5. B means lets you speak
fluently in English. 6. D ,an activity requiring your
opinion can slow you down. That is because it 7. C
you to think about your ideas as you say them. Try to
provide more details and 8. B a recording of three
minutes or fewer for the narrative storytelling activity.
9. A the time is not the goal in giving many details;
the goal is to speak at a 10. A speed because you do
not have to stop and think of each idea separately.
Before the activity,I 11. C speaking out loud to
yourself a few times to make sure you have your 12. A
in mind. When listening to the recording,do not 13. B
to find all or most grammar or vocabulary mistakes. But
you can easily 14. D some mistakes,such as wrong
verb tenses and noun endings. You can also take 15. B
of your language fluency. Do avoid memorizing your
speech during the process.
1. A. picture B. analysis
C. application D. explanation
2. A. Besides B. Anyway
C. Otherwise D. However
3. A. recreating B. memorizing
C. retelling D. reading
4. A. separates B. protects
C. discourages D. frees
5. A. complex B. effective
C. temporary D. delicate
6. A. As a consequence B. In that case
C. To be exact D. On the contrary
7. A. conducts B. permits
C. drives D. enables
8. A. ask for B. aim for
C. look for D. long for
9. A. Filling B. Sparing
C. Spending D. Wasting
10. A. fast B. steady
C. low D. conservative
11. A. admit B. mind
C. recommend D. appreciate
12. A. points B. details
C. opinions D. comments
13. A. demand B. expect
C. forget D. manage
14. A. make B. update
C. compare D. spot
15. A. advantage B. note
C. care D. charge
—171—
10. B 考查副词词义辨析。句意:当其他学生在车站集合时,我
急切地望着窗外。A. happily快乐地;B. eagerly急切地;
C. curiously好奇地;D. crazily疯狂地。根据上文“I longed for
home and a soft bed.”可知,作者渴望回家,所以是急切地望向
窗外,看车来了没有。故选B。
11. A 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我走了下来,拿着行李走回
家。A. stepped off走下来,离开;B. set out出发;C. came up走
近;D. squeezed out挤出。根据后文“and walked home with my
luggage”可知,作者走出实验室,准备回家。故选A。
12. D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:一旦我拐下高速公路,看到
了树篱,我总是如释重负,因为这意味着我快到家了。
A. terrified害怕的;B. inspired受鼓舞的;C. astonished惊讶的;
D. relieved如释重负的。根据后文“because it meant that I was
almost home”可知,树篱意味着自己要到家了,所以作者看到
树篱总是感觉如释重负。故选D。
13. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:就在那天晚上,当树篱刚出现
时,我看见一个人影沿着树篱的顶端朝房子走来。A. effect影
响;B. life生活;C. being存在;D. view观点,视野。根据上文
“the hedge had just come into”可知为短语come into view,表示
“进入视野,看得见”。故选D。
14. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. figure人物;
B. image图像;C. sculpture雕塑;D. character性格。根据后文
“I realized it was my father.”可知,作者看到了一个人影,后来
认出是父亲。故选A。
15. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:经过仔细观察,我发现那是我
的父亲。A. examination考试;B. inspection检查;C. preparation
准备;D. observation观察。根据后文“I realized it was my
father”可知,作者一开始只是看到一个人影,经过仔细观察,
才发现是父亲。故选D。
练案[18]
Ⅰ. 1. inspired 2. astonished 3. observed 4. wisdom
5. Surrounded
Ⅱ. 1. were supposed to 2. helps with 3. sought solutions to
4. succeeded in 5. care for
Ⅲ. 1. succeeded in 2. drew their inspiration from
3. seeking solutions to 4. were astonished to
Ⅳ.文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了由于快时尚的兴起,人
们产生了大量的衣物垃圾,这对于环境来说是极为不利的,因此
文章呼吁大家购买耐用的衣物,也可以购买二手,实现物品的价
值最大化。
1. what 考查表语从句。句意:我们应该购买和穿质量好、耐穿
的衣物。分析句子可知,此处为表语从句,从句中的buy和
wear缺少宾语,故用连接代词what。
2. is abandoned 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:事实上,如
今60%的衣物在购买一年之后就被遗弃了,产生了大量的垃
圾,对此全球的垃圾填埋厂都难以吸收。分析句子可知,本句
缺少谓语,abandon与主语clothing为动宾关系,故用被动语
态,clothing为不可数名词,陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在
时的单数,故用is abandoned。
3. to absorb 考查动词不定式。句意同上题。分析句子可知,本
句为struggle的用法struggle to do努力做,故用to absorb。
4. issues 考查名词。句意:我们购买耐穿的衣物的话,在一度
过度消费和衣物质量下降的今日,可以解决两个关键问题。
two后接可数名词复数,issue的复数形式为issues,故用
issues。
5. more 考查比较级。句意:对衣物质量的关注让我们在高品
质的衣物上可能花费的更多,这将减少持续购物的欲望,同时
也减慢对快时尚的需求。根据句意可知,高品质的衣物价格
更高,此处应用比较级形式,与空后的bettermade相对应,故
用more。
6. a 考查冠词。句意:你也可以买二手衣服,一种可以有效延
长物品使用寿命的方式。分析句子可知,way为可数名词,第
一次提及,用不定冠词表泛指,由于前有useful修饰,辅音音
素开头,故用a。
7. created 考查过去分词。句意同上题。分析句子可知,create
修饰items作后置定语,与其为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式,
故用created。
8. matters / will matter 考查动词时态。句意:我意识到,如果你
坚持让衣服用几十年,那么是否买新的还是二手的都没那么
重要。分析句子可知,“whether you buy something new or used
”为主语,本句缺少谓语,与主语为主谓关系,故用主动语态,
客观陈述自己的观点,用一般现在时,主语为句子,谓语动词
用单数,故可用matters ;由于后面条件状语从句用一般现在
时表将来,主句需用一般将来时,故也可用will matter。
9. natural 考查形容词。句意:对于天然的纤维制品也是如此,
质量很重要。但是如果买了几个月就扔掉的话,质量就没那
么重要。分析句子可知,修饰名词fibers用形容词,故用
natural。
10. but 考查连词。句意同上题。分析句子可知,前一句强调
品质的重要性,后一句阐述某些条件下,质量就变得没那么
重要,前后句属于转折关系,故用but。
Ⅴ.文章大意:作为教师,作者就外语学习提出了自己的建议,即
采用复述故事的方式来提高自己的语言技能。
1. A 一些口语活动不能准确体现你真实的语言水平。picture
“描述,描绘”,符合语境。analysis“分析”;application“运用”;
explanation“解释”。故选A。
2. D 根据上文中的“Some speaking activities do not give. . . your
true language skills”和下文中的“narrative(叙述的)storytelling
does”可知,上下文是转折关系,故选However。
3. C 根据下文对narrative storytelling活动的介绍可知,此处表
示复述(retelling)故事。recreate再现,再创造;memorize“记
住”。故选C。
4. D 根据下文中的“from forming complex. . . lets you speak
fluently in English”可知,此处表示复述故事让你的大脑不必
形成复杂思想,这种有效的(effective)方法让你能够流利地说
英语。 free. . . from. . . 意为“使……摆脱……的束缚”。
separate. . . from. . . “使……与……分离”;protect. . . from. . .
“保护……免受……的伤害”;discourage. . . from. . .“使……丧
失……信心”。故选D。
5. B 参见上题解析。形容词effective符合语境。故选B。
6. D 根据上文内容和下文中的“an activity requiring your
opinion can slow you down”可知,此处与上文内容形成对比。
on the contrary“与此相反”,符合语境。故选D
。
—220—
7. C 此处表示它迫使你边说边思考。drive“迫使,驱使”,符合
语境。conduct“指挥”;permit“允许”;enable“使能够”。故
选C。
8. B 此处表示努力提供更多细节,争取完成三分钟时长或更短
一点的录音。aim for意为“力争做到”,符合语境。故选B。
9. A 根据下文中的“the time is not the goal in giving many
details”可知,此处表示提供很多细节的目的不是凑时长。fill
“占据(时间)”。故选A。
10. A 根据下文中的“because you do not have to stop and think of
each idea separately”可知,此处表示目的是快速地说,呼应上
文中的“lets you speak fluently in English”。故选A。
11. C 这篇文章是作者就外语学习提的建议。此处表示作者建
议(recommend)先练习向自己大声复述几次。admit“承认”;
mind“介意”;appreciate“欣赏”。故选C。
12. A 根据上下文和常识可知,复述故事时当然要记住要点
(points)。detail“细节”;opinion“看法”;comment“评论”。故
选A。
13. B 根据下文中的“find all or most grammar or vocabulary
mistakes”可知,此处表示不要指望(expect)找出所有或大多数
语法或用词错误。demand“要求”;forget“忘记”;manage“设法
做成”。故选B。
14. D 上文提到不要指望找出所有或大多数语法或用词错误,
此处表示但是,你可以很容易发现(spot)一些错误。故选D。
15. B 此处表示你还可以留意你的语言流利程度。take note of
“注意到”。take advantage of“利用”;take care of“照顾”;take
charge of “掌管”。故选B。
练案[19]
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ. 1. wisdom 2. physician 3. decent 4. depressive 5. purity
6. botanical 7. withdraw 8. rejected 9. resigned 10. reluctant
Ⅱ. 1. had withdrawn 2. resigned was rejected 3. deliberately
4. departs 5. to bite 6. attained 7. reluctance 8. singing
9. depression 10. mentioning
Ⅲ. 1. be opposed to 2. feel at ease 3. in return for
4. seek solutions to 5. be separated by 6. take inspiration from
7. in contrast to 8. on the edge of 9. succeed in 10. for good
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.文章大意:本文为一篇说明文,介绍了狗狗通过训练能够学
习新的单词。
1. D 细节理解题。根据第三段“‘We wanted to know under
which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words’,said
researcher Claudia Fugazza from the Etvs Lornd University in
Hungary.”(匈牙利Etvs Lornd 大学的研究员Claudia
Fugazza说:“我们想知道这些有天赋的狗在什么情况下可以
学习新单词。”)可知,研究的目的是想探索出狗在什么情况
下可以学习新单词。故选D。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第五段“In fact,when they were
presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to
recognize the toy by its name,the dogs got totally confused and
failed.”(事实上,当给它们一个同样的新名字来测试它们通
过名字识别玩具的能力时,狗完全困惑了,并失败了。)可知,
在第一种环境下狗非常的困惑。故选C。
3. B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The other condition,the
social one, where the dogs played with their owners who
pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog,proved
to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy,even after
hearing it only 4 times.”(另一种情况是社会性的,在这种情况
下,狗狗和它们的主人一起玩耍,主人在和狗狗玩耍的同时念
出了玩具的名字。结果证明,即使只听了4次,狗狗也能成功
地记住玩具的名字。)可推出,在社会性条件下可以帮助狗狗
学习新的单词。故选B。
4. A 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ever wondered if dogs can learn
new words?Yes,say researchers as they have found that talented
dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them
only four times.”(想知道狗狗能不能学会新单词吗?是的,研
究人员称,因为他们发现,聪明的狗狗可能只听四次就能掌握
新单词。)以及文章中的案例可知,本篇文章主要讲述的是有
天赋的狗能快速学习新单词。故选A。
文章大意:这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在城市化全
面推进的社会里终于见到了第一棵真树,这棵树种在OBrien家
后院,但是因为要为一些保险大楼腾出空间,明年这棵树也要被
砍掉,这使作者很沮丧。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The OBriens home was one
of the few examples of oldstyle wooden structures that hadnt been
destroyed . . . Then an official discovered that the house had a
backyard—in the yard was a live tree!(在波士顿的城市重建运
动中,奥布莱恩的房子是少数几个没有被摧毁的旧式木结构
建筑的例子之一。由于其财富和政治影响力,这个家族得以
避免这种情况,这所房子代代相传到现在。……后来一位官
员发现这所房子有一个后院——院子里是一棵活的树!)”可
知,OBrien家后院的树能存活到今天是因为它和房子一起被
主人保存了下来。故选C项。
6. D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“One part said the
OBriens home would be torn down next year to make room for
some insurance building,and the tree will have to go,too.(其中
一部分说OBrien的房子明年将被拆除,为一些保险大楼腾出
空间,那棵树也必须被砍掉。)”和最后一段中“I just sat still,
fingering the object in my pocket that I had picked in the OBriens
backyard.(我只能静静地坐着,用手摸着我口袋里的东西,它
是在OBrien家后院捡到的。)”可知,作者在这次旅行后会感
到沮丧。故选D项。
7. A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Dad used to tell me stories
about the trees that still existed when he was a boy. There werent
very many even then,with the urbanization program in full swing.
(爸爸常给我讲他小时候还存在的那些树的故事。即使在当
时,随着城市化进程的全面推进,这样的城市也不多。)”和倒
数第二段中“One part said the OBriens home would be torn
down next year to make room for some insurance building,and the
tree will have to go,too.(其中一部分说OBrien的房子明年将
被拆除,为一些保险大楼腾出空间,那棵树也必须被砍掉。)”
以及下文的描述可知,本文讲述了作者在城市化全面推进的
社会里终于见到了第一棵真树,这棵树种在OBrien家后院,
但是因为要为一些保险大楼腾出空间,
明年这棵树也要被砍
—221—