Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Using Language(练案)-【成才之路】2024-2025学年高中新课程英语选择性必修第三册同步学习指导(人教版2019)

练案[11] UNIT3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Section III Using Language 一、语言基础训练 19. With everything she needed (buy). I.单词拼写 the lady went home. 1. This river appears as if enveloped in 10. Scientists have advanced many theories about why (烟雾). human beings cry tears, none of 2. Chinese (垃圾)classification has been proved. policy has come into operation in several cities. III.选词填空 3. This beautiful old building has been in effect, contribute to, dozens of, set up, carry out. (恢复)to its former glory. head towards, end up, be harmful to 4. He cannot (忍受) the extremes of 1. They dashed away and heat in the desert. the beach. 5. This (企业) is now on a firm2. If you don't know what you want, you might footing and should soon get profits getting something you don't want 6. The (检阅) continued as though 3. Sarah is never lonely because she has nothing had happened. friends. 7. He was__ (处罚) 20o dollars for 4. Favorable policies are in order to breaking the traffic rule. encourage emplovees' professional development. 8. Scientific research and (保护) are 5. The three sons have the family intimately connected. business, so they have their own portions in the 9. The (战役) to seize the city was a company. failure. 6. A new middle school has been in 10. I suggest we skip to the last item on the the village. (议事表). 7. They will this experiment. II.单句语法填空 regardless of what happens. (inspect) 1. The plants are regularly 8. Noise is a kind of pollution and it for disease. our ears. 2. The unions are campaigning a 二、培优提升训练 shorter working day. I.阅读理解 3.My ( tolerate) of your impoliteness (2024·辽宁省实验中学高三月考) is limited. Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other 4. He contributed a number of articles strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their the magazine. leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves 5. Armed with the information you have gathered, you taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them. can set about ( prepare ) your chewing them up or laying eggs on them-all signals of business plan. an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a 6. We all must help to carry the plan plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack 7. The company contributed the local letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的) community by providing free medical care. defense that even works against other pest species. 8. It is often ( say) that human beings When ecologist John Orrock of the University of are naturally equipped to speak. Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime-a liquid the -197- animals release as they slide along-onto soil, nearby “That's the million-dollar question." Orrock says. tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms levels of an enzyme(梅), which is known to prevent that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues. plant-eating animals." None of the plants were ever 1. John Orock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato actually attacked," Orrock says."We just gave them plants to cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was A. make them grow better enough to cause big changes in their chemistry." B. give them a warning Initially Orrock found this defense worked against C. keep plant-eating animals away snails: in the latest study. his team measured the slimy D. inform plant-eating animals of danger warning's impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars (毛 虫). 2. Why is the example of "caterpillars" mentioned in which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no Paragraph3? appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail A. To introduce another animal slime and activated their chemical resistance. This B. To confirm the result of the study. nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the C. To appeal to people to protect animals plants by further improving their overall possibilities of D. To analyze different resistance chemicals. survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his 3. What does Richard Karban really want to know? colleagues in March in Oecologia The finding that a snail's approach can cause a A. How tomato plants become aware of danger plant response that affects a different animal made B. What the chemicals in the snail slime are. Richard Karban curious. a plant communications C. Whether the research is of practical value expert, who was not involved in the study. " It is D. What the finding of the research is significant that the plants are responding before being 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects."Karban savs. The research was comprehensive. A. Watchful Plants. he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt B. Greedy Animals. chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched C. A Snail's Approach. them. D. A Defense Attack. II.语法填空 阅读短文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Climate change really does change everything, including language. In October, Oxford English Dictionary (OED) released 1. update on its language on climate change and environmental sustainability Some new words 2. (include) in the dictionary so far. The OED doesn't include chemical formulas 3. it has made an important exception for CO, because it has become. in its words. deeply-rooted in ou everyday language. “Global heating" is also a new entry. Although people got used to using global warming, OED said that global heating is being used 4. (often). That's because while global warming suggests a kind of comfort, global heating conveys "the seriousness of climate change 5. ( cause) by human activity and the urgent need to address it". Apart from6. (add) these new words, some old words about climate have been given new meanings. The phrase " climate refugee” is an example. In the I9th century, when people spoke of climate refugees, they would be describing those 7. had moved to a place where the climate is healthier -198- But now, as climate changes and weather events appear 8. ( frequent), the phrase refers to the people who are forced to move in response to extreme weather or rising sea levels. Trish Stewart, OED science 9. (edit), said the update reflects the very real sense of urgeney of climate change now. What happens next depends 10. so many factors but, one thing we can be sure of is that our language will continue to evolve and to tell the story. III.读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语 on the floor and red and black on the walls. Hazel 续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文 declared it to be the second bad thing. Ittleby didn't (2024·江西省部分学校高二月考) know what to say. Hazel seemed so sure about the Rule When things went wrong, Ittleby Fein always had of Three Bad Things. something nice to say. Emma came to look at Itleby's painting. “ It's When Dad forgot about the pizza and it burned. beautiful. I especially like the grassland."She said. Ittleby comforted him by saving it would still taste good 注意: And he was right. The pizza edges were dark and crispy. 1.续写词数应为150左右; but the middle wasn't half bad. When Ittleby's friend 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 David got a low score on the spelling test, Ittleby said She picked it up, not realizing she had paint on that he would do better next time. And, sure enough. her fingers. David studied hard and got 100 percent the next week When his teacher, Mr D. bumped into a bookstand in the library, Ittleby told him not to worry as Mrs Bog wouldn't be upset. He was right. The librarian just laughed and helped pick up the books Ittleby looked on the bright side. And everyone liked that about him. Evervone. that is, except Hazel Hazel was the new kid in the class. On her first day. Ittleby said,"Nice to meet you, Hazel. I think you'll like it here."Hazel stared at him.“I doubt it." Ittleby didn't know what to do. He'd never met anyone like Hazel. "Want to add one?" Ittleby asked Hazel. When Mr D said they'd have recess inside because of the rain. Ittleby said, "Every cloud has a silver lining.""A silver lining?" Hazel shook her head “Clouds are white. Mavbe gray. Where do you get this stuff?" Ittleby felt as if the wind had been knocked out of him. Outside the window, the clouds had rolled over the sun. The room felt darker. “Bad things come in threes." said Hazel. No outdoor recess is number one. What will the second thing be? The class didn't have to wait long to find out. Greta was carrving a tray of paints during art class She tripped, and the paint went flving. There was blue -199_bare soil isn'tbare for long...(裸露的土壤不是大自然总体规 D. guessing 猜测。根据后文"polar bears walk in search of seal 划的一部分。自然发现的且没有植物生长的土壤的恰当例子 holes”可知,作者看到了北极熊寻找海豹洞。故选A。 是在刚被砍伐的树木下面,或者在土地被大火烧毁的地方。7.B 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.painfullv痛苦地;B 在这种情况下,裸露的土壤不会裸露太久......)”可知,当砍 patiently耐心地;C. unconsciously 无意识地;D. doubtfully怀疑 伐完树木或遭遇大火后,土地就会变成光秃的。故选A。 地。根据后文“waitforameal”可知,北极熊耐心等待自已的 6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Infields,gardens andon 猎物。故选B。 grasslands, roadside and sports fields, along streets and on paths 8. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,我也了解到海洋从远方 and pavements, we are constantly battling to stop weeds from 带来的污染物对所有北极居民都有负面影响。A.source来 growing. All we are doing is stop the recovering powers of nature. 源;B. reaction反应;C. effect影响;D. development发展。根据 (在田野、花园、草地、路边、运动场、街道、小路和人行道上,我 上文"the pollutants carried by ocean from far away have a 们一直在努力阻止杂草生长。我们所做的一切都是为了阻止 negative”指污染物对北极居民有负面影响,haveanegative 大自然恢复力量。)”可知,除掉人行道上的野草是在阻止光 effecton表示“对.....有负面影响”。故选C. 秃的土填恢复。故选C 9.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:全球变暖使北极熊处于危险之 7. B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Above ground,the stems 中,因为气候变暖意味着它们在冰上捕猎海豹的时间变短了 (茎) of weeds help trap fallen leaves which break down into the A. rest休息;B. ease自在;C. peace和平;D. risk风险。后文 soil. adding to the fertility of the soil.(在地面上,杂草的茎有助 “they have a shorter time”提到北极熊捕猎时间变短,可知全球 于捕获落叶,落叶分解到土壤中,增加土填的肥力。)”可知,野 变暖使北极熊处于危险之中。故选D 草能够增加土壤的肥力,提高土壤质量。故选B 10.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.hunt打猎;B.explor 8. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Above ground,the stems 探索;C. help帮助;D. meet遇见。根据后文"seals on the ice” (茶) of weeds help trap fallen leaves which break down into the 指北极熊狩猎海豹为食。故选A soil.addingto thefertility of the soil.(在地面上,杂草的茎有助 11.B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在旅途中,我和一些博学的 于捕获落叶,落叶分解到土壤中,增加土壤的肥力。)”可知当 科学家谈论了古代图勒人曾经居住过的房屋废墟 树木被砍伐后,落叶会使土壤更肥沃,由此可知,树木移入后 A. demanding要求高的;B. leamed博学的;C. modest 谦虚的; 利用落叶来使土壤保持肥沃。故选D D. rigid死板的。根据后文"ancient Thule people”可知,他们 II.语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去年夏天去 谈论古人,可见很博学。故选B。 北极,看到了北极美丽的景色和动物,也明白了保护北极环境的 12.D 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.classified分类; 重要性。 B. decorated装饰;C. confused使困惑;D. occupied 占据。根 1.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我离开时,我被不确定和焦 据上文“the ruins of homes once”可知,这些房屋曾经是古人 虑所笼罩。A. relief安慰;B. anxiety 焦虑;C. pride骄傲; 所占有的。故选D。 D. argument争论。根据上文“When I left I was wrapped ina 13.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:北极是一片令人难以置信的 blanket of uncertainty and"可知,作者离开时感到不确定和焦 美丽土地,值得保护。A.promises承诺:B.benefits获益 虑。故选B。 C. deserves值得;D. intends打算。根据上文“The Aretic is a 2.D 考查动词短语辨析。句意:但是当我第一次见到小组成员 land of incredible beauty which”可知,北极很美丽,值得人们 时,我知道我没有什么可担心的。A. putup举起;B. prepare 保护。故选C。 for准备;C.giveup放弃;D.worry about担心。根据后文"I was 14.A 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我明白了为什么照顾它是如 soon part of abig family”可知,作者很快融入了团队,所以是没 此重要。A. take care of 照顾;B. make use of 利用;C. run ou 有什么可担心的。故选D of 用完;D. become tired of 厌倦。呼应上文“to be preserved" 3.A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这个团队非常随和,我很快 指保护和照顾北极很重要。故选A。 就成为一个大家庭的一员,开始了一场惊人的冒险!A.easy- 15.B 考查动词词义辨析。句意:这次旅行使我更加坚定决心. going随和的;B. well-behaved行为端正的;C. sensitive敏感的; 努力确保我不会给地球或地球上的人们留下负面或有害的 D. flexible 灵活的。根据后文“I was soon part of a big family' 足迹。A. deny 否认;B. ensure确保;C. argue争论;D. overlook 作者能很快融入,说明团队很随和。故选A 忽视。根据后文“that I do not leave negative or harmful 4.C 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. failure失败; footprints on either Earth or its people”可知,作者有了环保意 B. performance 演出;C. adventure 冒险;D. conflict 冲突。根据 识,努力确保不会给地球或地球上的人们留下负面或有害的 上文"This past summer I set out on a journey to Canada's Arctic 足迹。故选B。 (去年夏天,我踏上了去加拿大北极的旅程。)”可知,此处指 练案[11] 去北极的冒险。故选C。 5.D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我走近北极的时候,不断地 1一。 被它的广大和美丽所震撼。A. emharrassed燃尬的;B. ashamed I.1. smog 2. garbage 3. restored 4. tolerate 5. enterprise 羞愧的;C. amused觉得好笑的;D. shocked震惊的。根据后文 6. inspection 7. fined 8. conservation 9. campaign “with its unusual largeness and its beauty"可知,作者被北极的 10. agenda 广大和美丽所震撼。故选D。 II . 1. inspected 2. for 3. tolerance 4. to 5. preparing 6.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:在那里,我飞过巨大的冰川,站 6. through 7. to 8. said 9. bought 10. which 在冰冻的北冰洋上,看着北极熊寻找海豹洞,耐心地等待一顿 页 IIl.1. headed towards 2. end up 3. dozens of 4. in effect 饭。A. watehing观看;B. organizing组织;C. noticing注意到; 5. eontributed to 6. set up 7. carry out 8. is harmful to -256- 二、 4.moreoften 考查副词的比较级。句意:尽管人们已经习惯使 I.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。研究发现:一些植物可以在 用全球变暖这个词,但《牛津英语词典》表示,全球加热这个 食草动物发动攻击前很好地感觉到它们,这让植物准备了先发 词正在被越来越多地用。结合Although表达的转折语气及下 制人的防御,甚至可以对抗其他有害物种。 句的解释可知,此处指“全球加热这个词正在被越来越多地使 1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中"·We just gave them cues that 用”,应用副词比较级。故填moreoften。 suggested an attack was coming,and that was enough to cause big 5. caused 考查非谓语动词。句意:这是因为,虽然全球变暖给 changes intheir chemistry.'(我们只是给它们一些暗示攻击即 人一种安慰,但全球加热传达了“人类活动造成的气候变化的 将来临的线索,这就足以使它们的化学反应发生巨大变 严重性和解决它的迫切需要”。动词cause和change之间是 化。)“可推知,JohnOrrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷酒液 动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填eaused。 体的目的是给予植物一种警告,让它们能够产生自我保护性 6.adding 考查非谓语动词。句意:除了增加这些新词,一些关 反应,且其与第三段第一句中的“his teammeasured the slimy 于气候的老词也被赋予了新的含义。作介词from的宾语,应 warning's impact on another potential threat.(他的团队测量了这 用动名词形式。故填adding。 种黏糊糊的警告对另一个潜在威胁的影响。)”呼应。故选B。 7. who 考查定语从句。句意:在19世纪,当人们谈到“气候难 2. B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Initially Orrock found this 民”时,他们描述的是那些搬到气候更健康的地方的人。分析 defense worked against snails: in the latest study, his team 句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词 measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat. 在从句中作主语,用关系代词who。故填who。 (最初,Orrock发现这种防御方法对蜗牛有效;在最新的研究 8. frequently 考查副词。句意:但现在,随着气候变化和天气事 中,他的团队测量了这种黏糊糊的警告对另一个潜在威胁的 件的颊繁出现,这个短语指的是为了应对极端天气或海平面 影响。)”可推知,下文中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证这一点, 上升而被迫迁移的人。修饰动词appear,应用副词形式。故 即:验证研究的结果。故选B 3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句并结合最后一段“The9.editor 考查名词。句意:《牛津英语词典》科学版编辑Trith 填frequently。 research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the Stewart说,这一更新反映了现在气候变化的真实紧迫性。分 tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.' That's the million-dollar question,' Orrock says. 析句子可知,此处应用表示人的名词作主语,editor“编辑”,可 He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that 数名词,此处用单数形式。故填editor。 enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.(他补充说 10.on 考查介词。句意:接下来会发生什么取决于很多因素, 这项研究是全面的,但他想知道,即使蝎牛黏液没有接触到番 但有一件事我们可以肯定,那就是我们的语言将继续进化 讲述故事。dependon意为“取决于;依靠”。故填on。 植株,它们是如何感受化学物质的。'这是一个非常重要的 问题,'奥罗克说。他希望未来的研究能找出使植物能够感知 I.参考范文: 这些相对遥远的信号的机制。)”的整体理解可推知,Richard She picked it up, not realizing she had paint on her fingers. The Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的。 : fingerprint lay quietly on the painting, seeming to support Hazel's 故选A。 Rule of Three Bad Things. Hazel pointed, "Ittleby's picture is 4.A 标题归纳题。第一段中的“New research now shows some messed up! There's mumber three." Upset. Emma apologized to flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an Ittleby with her face blushing with shame. lutleby comforted her with attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的)defense :a pat on the shoulder and stared at the print for a while. Suddenly. that even works against other pest species.(现在新的研究表明. with his eyes lit up, he dipped his finger into the yellow paint and 一些植物可以在食草动物发动攻击前很好地感觉到它们,这 added two more prints onto the painting. Now, together with 让植物准备了先发制人的防御,甚至可以对抗其他有害物 Emma's, they looked like three colorful butterflies flying above the 种。)”是文章的中心句。由此可知,本文主要讲述的是有关植 1 green grassland. 物的科学研究,研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保 “Want to add one?" Ittleby asked Hazel. Hazel thought about 护性反应。因此A项(警觉的植物)适合作标题。故选A。 it. "It will be fun." Ittleby encouraged her."How strange!" thought II.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《牛津英语 Hazel, and hesitantly dipped her finger into the print. Gently 词典》收录的关于气候变化的新词汇--全球加热以及一些旧 : pressing it onto Ittleby's painting, she carefully added wings."It 的词汇被赋予的新含义。 looks great." said Ittleby. Outside, the sky happened to elear up, 1.an 考查冠词。句意:今年10月,《牛津英语词典》(0ED)发 casting golden bright light on the field of butterflies. Looking into 布了一个关于气候变化和环境可持续性的最新词汇。update each other's eyes. Hazel and Ittleby laughed together merrily. Ittleby 在句中用作可数名词,此处泛指"一个最新词汇",应用不定 said to Hazel,"Forget your Rule of Three Bad Things. Althongh bad 冠词,且update的发音是以元音音素开头。故填an。 things happen, good things happen, too. And sometimes, there were 2. have been included 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句 good things hiding where they didn't expect them.” 意:到目前为止,词典已收录了一些新词。根据时间状语so 练案[12] far可知,句子用现在完成时,且主语words和动词inelude之 间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语是名词复 1.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。主要向人们介绍了一项研究 数,助动词用have。故填have been included。 的结果:在一份关于湖泊颜色的全球报告中,研究人员估计地球 3.but 考查连词。句意:《牛津英语词典》没有收录化学公式, 上大约三分之一的湖泊是蓝色的。 但它为二氧化碳开了一个重要的例外,因为用它的话说,它已 1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But, should average summer 经深深扎根于我们的日常语言中。结合句意可知,前后表示 air temperatures rise by a few degrees, some of those clear waters 转折关系,应用连词but。故填but。 couldurna cloudy green or brown"(但是,如果夏季平均气温 -257-