Unit 3 Food And Culture 单元知识点 讲解 讲义-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 3 Food And Culture Part I 词汇分层解析 探究词汇 consist of ( 由……组成(或构成) ) 教材原句P26 For example,America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers. 例如，美 国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠甜辣鸡，这道菜是 用甜味酱包裹着油煎过的鸡块再加上红辣椒调味 做成的。 The team consisting of 12 girls has won the game. 由12个女孩组成的队伍赢了比赛。 特别注意consist of 不用于进行时和被动语态。 联想拓展 ① consist in(=lie in) 在于；取决于 The true wealth does not consist in what we have, but in what we are. 真正的财富不在于我们拥有 什么,而在于我们是什么样的人。 ②表示“由……组成，构成”的其他常见短语 be made up of;be composed of;be formed by;be comprised of consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗；消费 教材原句P27 At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like. 至少，当地人食用 的食物种类告诉我们，他们在当地种植了什么,过 着什么样的生活，他们喜欢什么,不喜欢什么。 The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels. 电力工业消耗大量的化石燃料。 He consumes vast quantities of meat with every meal. 他每顿饭都吃大量的肉。 If prices go down,he can consume more stuff.His purchasing power has increased.如果价格下跌， 他可以消费更多物品，他的购买力就增加了。 熟 词 生 义vt.烧毁；毁灭；使充满(强烈的感情) The glow of destructive flames is consuming many parts of the Golden State.破坏性的大火正在吞 噬黄金州的许多地区。 I can't allow myself to get consumed with my own grief.我不能让自己沉浸在悲伤之中。 联 想 词①consumption n. 吃；喝；消费；消耗 ②consumer n. 消费者；用户；顾客 association n.协会；关联 教材原句P32 Journal of the American Medical Association 《 美国医学会杂志》 常 用 搭 配in association with 与……联合 联 想 词①associate vt. 联想；联系 associate sb/sth with… 把某人/某物与……联系在 一起 Whenever we speak of Germans,we naturally associate the national type of being serious and rigid with them. 每当我们提到德国人，就自然地 把他们与严肃、刻板的民族风格联系起来。 ②associated adj.有关联的；相关的 be associated with与 … … 相关 quantity n.数量；数额 三教材原句P32 Processed foods often contain less nutrition,and have higher quantities of sugar,salt,and fat than fresh ingredients. 加 工 食 品通常营养含量较少，而且比新鲜食材的糖分、盐 分和脂肪含量更高。 常 用 搭 配 large quantities of/a large quantity of 大 量 的 in large/small quantities大量地/少量地 These parts are produced in large quantities . 这 些 零件是大批量生产的。 特别注意“ a large quantity of+可数名词复数/不 可数名词”作主语，谓语动词取决于名词；"large quantities of+可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词应 用复数形式，“large quantities of+不可数名词”作 主语，谓语动词常用单数，也可用复数。 A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since the summer came.自入夏以来，大量的空 调已被售出。 With many forests being destroyed,large quantities of good earth is/are being washed away each year. 由于许多林区被破坏，每年都有大量的肥沃土 壤被冲走。 Large quantities of apples were in the basket and a large quantity of milk was in the bucket. 篮子里 有大量的苹果，桶里有大量的牛奶。 consistent adj.一致的；连续的；相符的 教材原句P32 In addition,studies show that consistent eating habits,for example,taking three meals a day at the same time each day,are better for our health. 此外，研究表明，固定的饮 食习惯，例如，每天在同样的时间进食三餐，对我 们的健康更有好处。 Unit 3 Food and Culture 常用搭配 be consistent in sth 在某方面一致 be consistent with… 与 ……相符/一致 She is not very consistent in the way she treats her children.她 在 对 待 自 己 孩 子 的 方 式 上 反 复 无常。 His behaviour is consistent with his belief. 他的行 为与他的信条一致。 熟 词 生 义adj. 持续不变的；稳定发展的 China keeps a pattern of consistent growth in the economy. 中国保持着经济持续增长的模式。 反义词 inconsistent adj.不一致的；不符合的 联 想 词①consistently adv.一致地；一贯地 ②consistency n. 一致性；连贯性 trick ( ① n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏 ) 教材原句P32 There is no one trick to healthy eating.健康饮食没有诀窍。 I think he's worried about his magic trick ! 我想他 在担心他的魔术![BBC] 常用搭配 play tricks/a trick on sb 欺骗/捉弄某人 trick or treat 不给糖就捣蛋 do the trick 奏效；达到预期效果 How dare she play tricks on me! 她 居 然 敢 捉 弄我! I don't know what it was that did the trick ,but I am definitely feeling much better. 我不知道是什 么起了作用但我确实感觉好多了。 ② vt.欺骗；欺诈 常用搭配 trick sb into doing sth诱骗某人做某事 trick sb out of sth 骗取某人某物 An advertiser might be trying to trick customers into buying a product or a service.广告商可能想哄骗顾客购买某种产品或服务。 联 想 词tricky adj. 难办的；狡猾的 联想拓展表示“捉弄；取笑”的其他常用短语 play a joke on sb 开某人的玩笑 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 make a fool of sb 愚弄某人 make fun of sb 拿某人开玩笑；嘲弄某人 make a joke of sth 拿某事开玩笑 差距词汇 1.delicacy n.珍馐；佳肴 As an incredibly expensive delicacy in Japan, the puffer fish has been praised as the most delicious of all fish. 作为本非常昂贵的珍 馐，河豚被誉为最美味的鱼。 2.perception n. 看法；见解；认识；感知 However,some others strongly oppose the perception as they believe that people should have a balanced intake of animal products, such as meat and dairy products.然而，有一些 人强烈反对这一观点，因为他们认为人们应 该均衡摄入动物产品，如肉类和奶制品。 3.minimize vt. 使减少到最低限度 The organic food has proved to be able to minimise toxins in your body and help it to regenerate a healthy state.有机食品已被证明 可以最大限度地减少体内的毒素，帮助身体 恢复健康状态。 4.consciousness n. 观念；意识 Nowadays more and more people like characteristic healthy food like hoecake with strengthening nutrition consciousness .如今，随 着人们营养意识的加强，玉米饼等特色健康 食品受到越来越多人的喜爱。 5.poultry n.[pl.]家禽 Before setting out to the market,a shopping list must be made,including items such as meat, poultry and eggs. 在去市场之前， 一定要列一 份购物清单，包括肉类、家禽和鸡蛋等东西。 6.waft vt.&vi.(随风)飘荡 On Halloween morning they woke to the delicious smell of baking pumpkin, wafting through the corridors. 万圣节前夕，他们一早醒来就闻到走廊里飘着一股香甜诱人的烤南 瓜的气味。 Part Ⅱ 句子分类探究 Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking 时间状语 主语 was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit 系动词 表语 状语 定语从句，修饰Chinese food American tastes.P26 析句 意 来中国之前，我唯一接触到中国烹饪的经 历是在美国，那里的中国食物已经被改为适应美 国人的口味。 Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea 状语 主 谓 宾 how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food 同位语 并列连词 主 谓 宾 定语从句，省略了关系代词 we had ever eaten.P26 句意：我们又累又饿，而且一句汉语也不会，不知 道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那 是我们吃过的最好的饭菜。 知识拓展形容词作状语与副词作状语的区别 (1)形容词作状语时，多表示主语的状态；副词作 状语时，通常修饰动词、形容词、其他副词等，常表 示事情发生的时间、地点、方式、条件、原因等，还 可以表示让步或程度。 (2)有些副词置于句首，可修饰全句，作评注性 状语。 Surprised, when I opened my bag,I saw my lost phone. 惊讶的是，当我打开包时，我看到了我丢 失的手机。 ( Surprised 是形容词，意为“惊讶 的”,表示主语I 的状态) Not surprisingly,with youth unemployment so high,some school-leavers with qualifications fail to find jobs.在年轻人失业率如此高的情况下， 一些有学历的毕业生找不到工作也就不足为 奇了。(surprisingly 是副词，意为“令人吃惊 地”,Not surprisingly修饰整个句子) It has become a favourite traditional dish of the 主 系 表 people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a 非限制性定语从句 family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest-joining with复合结构作后置定语，修饰affair in to help. 句意：它已经成为中国北方人民最喜爱的传统菜肴，在中国北方包饺子一直是一家人的事，从孩子 到老人，每个人都参与其中去帮忙。 知识拓展 with 复合结构 with 的复合结构由“with+宾语+宾补”构成，主要 在句中充当状语，也可作定语。其中宾语由名词 或代词充当，宾语补足语有以下形式： 宾语补足语形式 例 子 现在分词(短语):作宾补的词与宾语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；且动作正在进行 with time going by随着时间的流逝 with so much work filling my mind我满 脑子里都是工作 现在分词的被动式：动作正 在被进行 with my car being repaired 我的车正在被修理 过去分词(短语):作宾补的词与宾语之间为逻辑上的被动关系；且动作已经完成 with his hands tied他的 双手被绑着 动词不定式(短语):动作将要发生 with a lot of problems to solve有很多问题尚待解决 形容词 with the door open门开着 副词 with the light on灯亮着 名词 with Mrs Smith my teacher 史密斯夫人是我的老师 介词短语 with her baby on her back 她的孩子在她背上 知识拓展宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)recommend 表示“建议；劝告”时，后面接的宾 语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+ 动词原形”,should 可以省略。有此用法的动词有： 一坚持(insist); 二命令(command,order); 三建议 (advise,suggest,recommend); 四 要 求(demand, ask,require,request)。 He insisted that the problem worthy of attention (should)be discussed at the meeting. 他坚持要 求在会上讨论这个值得关注的问题。 Teachers suggest parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.为了 安全起见，老师们建议家长不要允许12岁以下 的孩子骑自行车上学。 (2)以上动词对应的名词后跟表语从句或同位语 从句时也要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+ 动词原形”,should 可以省略。 He agreed with my suggestion that we (should) change the date.他同意我提出的更改期的 建议。 特别注意很多表示“建议”“要求”“命令”“请 求”等意思的词或结构后接从句时，从句谓语常 用“(should+) 动词原形”。但当这些词不表示 “建议"“要求"“命令”"请求”等意思时，从句谓 语不用“(should+) 动词原形”。 Are you suggesting that I am lazy?你言下之意是 说我懒? (句中的suggesting 是“暗示”的意思，从句不用虚拟语气) The man,accused of attempted robbery, insisted that he was innocent and insisted that he be set free.那个被指控抢劫未遂的人坚称自己是无辜 的，坚持要求自己应该被释放。(表达“坚称自 己是无辜的”时，insist 没有“要求”的意思，故 从句使用一般过去时，但表达“坚持要求自己 应该被释放”时，insist 很明显地具有了“坚决要 求”的意思，故从句使用虚拟语气) 高频句式 句式1 there is increasing evidence that … 越来越多的证据表明 …… 键接课文 However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food,as it is sugar.然而，越来越多的证据表明，健 康状况不佳的真正推手并非高脂食物，而 是糖。[P32] 经典例句 There is increasing scientific evidence that large cars cause more highway accidents than small cars. 越来越多的科学证据表明，大型汽车比小 型汽车造成的交通事故更多。 句 式 2 it's up to sb to do sth 由某人决定 做某事；做某事是某人的义务/职责 知识拓展be up to(doing)sth有“有资格；能胜任；适于(做)某事”之意，相当于be fit for。 键接课文 It is up to you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet.是你自己决定你想要怎样生活，并在饮食方 面作出正确的抉择。[P32] 经典例句 It's up to all of us to solve the problems in our neighbourhood. 解决我们社区的问题是我们所 有人的义务。 I'm not sure if she is really up to the job. 我不确 定她是否真的适合那份工作。 PartⅢ 单元语法归纳 过去完成时 教材原句 When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. 我和我的家人一到中国，我们就在北京寻 找 一个吃饭的好地方。 (arrive 表示的动作在 went 这一过去的动作之前已经结束，为“过去的 过去”,用过去完成时)[P26] 过去完成时由“had+ 过去分词”构成，表示“过去 的过去”。过去完成时常与by,for,before,since等构成的时间状语或由 after,before, since, when,by the time等引导的时间状语从句连用。 ① 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。 Just as I got to the school gate,I realised I had left my book in the cafe.就在我走到校门口的时 候，我意识到自己把书忘在咖啡馆了。 ② 表示在过去某一时间之前已经开始并一直持 续到该时间的动作或状态。 常与时间状语“by/ until/before/by the end of+表过去的某一时间”连 用 。 The teacher had never praised Tom until he helped the drowning kid.老师从来没有表扬过汤姆，直 到他帮助了那个溺水的孩子。 ③ 过去完成时的常用句型 (1)it/this/that was the first/second/...time that sbhad done sth It was the first time that he had spoken to me in such a tone. 这是他第 一 次用这种语气和我 说话。 (2)this/that/it was+the+形容词最高级+名词+定 语从句(从句用过去完成时) That was the most beautiful picture that I had seen .那是我见过的最美的一幅画。 (3)hardly had sb done..when…./no sooner had sb done…than… (主句用过去完成时) No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.莫言刚 走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 (4)用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反。 If you had come earlier,you would have met him . 如果你来早一点，你就能遇见他了。 How I wish she had stayed with me yesterday. 我 多么希望她昨天和我待在一起。 特别注意(1) hope,plan,expect,suppose,think, want,intend,mean 等动词的过去完成时表示过 去未曾实现的愿望、计划或打算，意为“本来……, 原本……"。 I had hoped to meet you at the airport,but I was caught in a traffic jam.我本来希望到机场接你， 但却遇上了交通堵塞。 We had wanted to catch the early train,but we couldn't get there in time.我们原本想赶早班火 车，但没能及时赶到那里。 (2)过去完成时强调动作或状态发生或存在于 “过去的过去”,而一般过去时只表示动作或状态 发生或存在于过去，两者参照的时间不同。 He said he had tried several times.他说他已经尝 试过几次了。(从句谓语表示的动作在said 之 前发生) He tried several times.他曾尝试过几次。 ( 相对 于现在而言tried 的动作发生在过去) 过去完成时的被动语态 教材原句 Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. 来中国之前，我唯一接触到中国 烹饪的经历是在美国，那里的中国食物已经被改 为适应美国人的口味。(change 是发生在was 之前 的动作，定语从句的主语 that 指代先行词Chinese food,that与 change 之间是被动关系，所以用过去 完成时的被动语态)[P26] 过去完成时的被动语态的结构为“had been+过去 分词”。表示某被动的动作在过去某时或某动作 之前已经发生或一直发生，句中常用by,before, until,by the time,when等词(组)引导时间状语。 By the end of the last year,20,000 cars had been produced.到去年年末，已经生产了20,000辆 轿车。 Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because she had been told that the cloth washed very well.后来史密斯夫人决定买那种布料，因为她被告知那种布料很好洗。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$