Unit 3 Environmental Protection Using Language分层作业-【上好课】高二英语同步高效课堂（人教版选择性必修第三册）

Unit 3 Environmental Protection Using Language分层作业 基础巩固 一、短语翻译 1． 它迷人的周边风景 2． 最著名的旅游目的地之一 3． 数以百万计的国内外游客 4． 对河流水质产生负面影响 5． 游客数量的增加 6． 为了养活更多的人 7． 导致严重的水质问题 8． 恢复河流的原貌 9． 一些措施 10． 制定严格规定 二、单句语法填空 11．Although there were some rooms open to the public, most of the interior was desperately in need of (restore). 12．Artists can’t go without inspiration, sometimes which (origin) from dreams. 13．He is a very (tolerate) teacher when it comes to students’ creative expressions. 14．He can’t tolerate (eat) in the studio because it might damage the artworks. 15．Prior to the exhibition, each piece underwent rigorous (inspect) by a panel of experts. 16．All the new employees are asked to learn about the rules and   (regulate) of the company and they must obey them. 17．The government fined the man 200 yuan threatening public safety. 18．It’s almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens questions about related concepts. 19．The economic growth is influenced by a large number of factors, most of are beyond our control. 20．You may become physically addicted to nicotine in cigarettes, a chemical that is (harm) to smokers. 三、根据汉语提示填单词 21．Because of safety concerns, regular (检查) are necessary for all factories. 22．The environmental group is (发起运动) against plastic pollution in our oceans. 23．There are several private (企业) in this area. 24．Neither the current TV shows nor the fashion (趋势) is familiar to the dentist. 25．How to ensure the nation’s sustainable development is on the (议事日程). 四、根据首字母提示填单词 26．It is 2,300 metres above sea level, so a given v of air contains only about one-third as much oxygen as it would at sea level. 27．S is a kind of air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. 28．The organization was founded in 1889 for the c of wild birds. 29．It attracts millions of d and foreign visitors each year. （根据首字母单词拼写） 30．The beautiful Li River and its amazing s scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in Chinas Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.（根据首字母单词拼写） 五、选词填空 on behalf of, dozens of, be harmful to, have effects on, contribute to, make use of, no longer, add to, turn up, deal with 31．Anxiety disorders your health. 32．Bill would the TV in the other room, so I heard it clearly. 33．Taking regular exercise good health. 34．Sport is so important in the school timetable. 35．The child the desk to help him to get the bottle. 36． doctors and nurses have been working day and night for weeks. 37．When carbon is iron in proper proportion, the result is steel. 38．I had made arrangements for my affairs to be by one of my children. 39．John accepted the championship award the team. 40．Of course, too much stress our bodies and minds. 六、七选五 Humans are driving climate change. That means we can change our path. 41 , individual actions matter, too. Here are some individual actions that can make a positive impact. 42 . First, be mindful of your meat. Cows create a lot of methane (甲烷), a significant driver of global climate change. One study found replacing beef with almost anything else for one meal a day can cut a person’s dietary carbon footprint by 48%. Then, address your food waste. Cut down on what you throw away and watch out for single-use items like coffee beans whose production produces greenhouse gases. Extend product lifespan (寿命). 43 . Shoes, clothes, furniture and even some electronics can be repaired to extend their life and keep waste out of landfills. Switch to electric cooking. Not only is gas-powered cooking releasing harmful chemicals into the environment, but it could be contributing to health problems for you if you’re cooking indoors. 44 . Plant trees where you can. Trees can help control temperatures and improve air quality. 45 . Local wildlife organizations often have lists of plants with neutral (中性的) or positive impacts on local flora and fauna (动植物群). A．Eat more sustainably B．Fix what you have instead of replacing it C．The time it gives you back this fall is an added bonus D．As climate change causes temperatures in many areas to rise E．Just make sure the plants you’re adding are approved for your area F．Plus, research has shown some gas stoves can leak pollutants even when they’re off G．While governments and businesses have a key role to play in addressing climate change 能力提升 一、完形填空 Imagine being able to go to your local park and 1 some tomatoes, or even bananas to take home for dinner as you please. Sounds too good to be 2 ? For residents of Andernach, it’s not just a utopian dream—it’s their 3 . Andernach began its “edible city” project years ago, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in 4 green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are 5 to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. The town’s motto of sorts is, “Picking is 6 — help yourself!” Every year a new type of plant is highlighted. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the 7 of 20 onion varieties. It’s a community 8 , as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialize as well as to learn about 9 , cultivating and harvesting food. An Andernach resident said, “I often 10 to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily 11 . There aren’t any 12 . You just take what you need.” Andernach isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, an EU-funded project 13 green urban foot initiatives around the world. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr Ina Säumel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and practitioners of edible city solutions to the same table and 14 theory with practice.” It is a 15 to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope. 1．A．appreciate B．pick C．cook D．purchase 2．A．confusing B．worthwhile C．true D．concerned 3．A．aim B．arrangement C．challenge D．reality 4．A．public B．remote C．deserted D．extra 5．A．ashamed B．curious C．generous D．free 6．A．guided B．organized C．encouraged D．booked 7．A．test B．diet C．introduction D．development 8．A．symbol B．effort C．tradition D．priority 9．A．observing B．planting C．collecting D．exchanging 10．A．drop by B．go through C．come forward D．help out 11．A．automatic B．alternative C．striking D．accessible 12．A．tips B．leftovers C．receipts D．fences 13．A．recovering B．connecting C．submitting D．assigning 14．A．unite B．replace C．update D．explain 15．A．response B．conclusion C．balance D．procedure 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The headwater region of the Yangtze River, known as Sanjiangyuan, is sensitive to climate change. The ecological environment of the source area plays a crucial role in maintaining the 1 (stable) of the climate system, water resources security, biodiversity and ecosystem security along the Yangtze River. In 1976, China organized its first scientific expedition (探险) to the headwater region of the Yangtze River. After 2 (overcome) many hardships, the expedition team 3 (final) discovered the source of the Yangtze River to the foot of Mount Geladandong, which revised the length of the Yangtze River and 4 (confirm) it as the third-longest river in the world. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the changes in the ecological environment in the source area of the Yangtze River, comprehensive scientific expeditions 5 (carry) out to the Sanjiangyuan area since 2012. The expeditions have gone through some 6 (stage), namely entering, studying and protecting the source of the river. At present, the expeditions have led to 7 field scientific research observation system, including over 20 river observation sections and points, extending 8 wetlands, glaciers, water ecology and water environment evolution, to river channel evolution and water and sand changes. “In the future, 9 (provide) more scientific support for the protection of the Yangtze River, we will conduct cross-field cooperation with more scientific research institutions,” said Xu Ping, 10 is involved in the expeditions. 三、书信写作 假定你是校学生会主席李华，最近，你注意到校园中存在乱扔垃圾、浪费资源等现象。请你给校报英语专栏写一封倡议信，呼吁大家共建一个环保型校园，内容包括： 1. 倡议的目的； 2. 采取的措施(至少3条)； 3. 你的希望。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear students, I’ve recently noticed some issues on campus such as... ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2 / 15 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Environmental Protection Using Language分层作业 基础巩固 一、短语翻译 1． 它迷人的周边风景 2． 最著名的旅游目的地之一 3． 数以百万计的国内外游客 4． 对河流水质产生负面影响 5． 游客数量的增加 6． 为了养活更多的人 7． 导致严重的水质问题 8． 恢复河流的原貌 9． 一些措施 10． 制定严格规定 【答案】 1．its amazing surrounding scenery 2．one of the most well-known tourist destinations 3．millions of domestic and foreign visitors 4．have negative effects on the river’s water quality 5．an increasing volume of tourists 6．in order to feed more people 7．lead to severe water quality issues 8．restore the river’s original beauty 9．a number of measures 10．set up strict regulations 【解析】1．“它的”为“its”，“迷人的”为形容词“amazing”，“周边”为形容词“surrounding”，“风景”为“scenery”，故翻译为its amazing surrounding scenery。 2．“最著名的”为“the most well-known”，“旅游”为“tourist”，“目的地”为“destination”，“之一”为“one of ”，其后接复数名词，故翻译为one of the most well-known tourist destinations。 3．“数以百万计的”为“millions of”，“国内”为形容词“domestic”，“国外”为“foreign”，“游客”为“visitor”，它是可数名词，需要变复数，故翻译为millions of domestic and foreign visitors。 4．“对某物有影响”为动词短语“have effects on”，“河流的”为“the river’s”，“水质”为“water quality”，“负面的”为“negative”，它修饰effects作定语，故翻译为have negative effects on the river’s water quality。 5．“人或事物的量的增加”为“an increasing volume of”，“游客”为“tourist”，它是可数名词，需要变复数，故翻译为an increasing volume of tourists。 6．“为了做某事”为“in order to”，“养活”为动词“feed”，“更多的人”为“more people”，故翻译为in order to feed more people。 7．“导致”为动词短语“lead to”，“严重的”为形容词“severe”，“水质”为“water quality ”，“问题”为“issue”，它是可数名词需要变复数，故翻译为lead to severe water quality issues。 8．“恢复”为动词restore，“河流的”为“the river’s ”，“原来的”为形容词“original ”，“美丽”为“beauty”，故翻译为restore the river’s original beauty。 9．“一些”为“a number of ”，“措施”为“measure”，它是可数名词需要变复数，故翻译为a number of measures。 10．“制定”为动词短语“set up”，“严格的”为形容词“strict”，“规定”为“regulation”，它是可数名词需要变复数，故翻译为set up strict regulations。 二、单句语法填空 11．Although there were some rooms open to the public, most of the interior was desperately in need of (restore). 【答案】restoration 【详解】考查名词。句意：虽然有一些房间向公众开放，但大部分内部都迫切需要修复。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用名词，作介词of的宾语。动词“restore”的名词形式为restoration“修复”，不可数名词。故填restoration。 12．Artists can’t go without inspiration, sometimes which (origin) from dreams. 【答案】originates 【详解】考查动词。句意：艺术家不能没有灵感，有时灵感来源于梦境。提示词作定语从句中谓语，结合句意，用动词originate构成短语originate from，意为“起源于；来自”，与主语which(即先行词inspiration)之间是主动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，主语指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填originates。 13．He is a very (tolerate) teacher when it comes to students’ creative expressions. 【答案】tolerant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当谈到学生的创造性表达时，他是一位非常宽容的老师。空处修饰名词teacher，应用形容词作定语，tolerate是动词，其对应的形容词是tolerant，意为“宽容的”。故填tolerant。 14．He can’t tolerate (eat) in the studio because it might damage the artworks. 【答案】eating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他不能容忍在工作室吃饭，因为这可能会损坏艺术品。本题考查固定短语tolerate doing sth.，意为“容忍做某事”，其中动名词作宾语。故填eating。 15．Prior to the exhibition, each piece underwent rigorous (inspect) by a panel of experts. 【答案】inspection 【详解】考查名词。句意：在展览之前，每件作品都经过专家小组的严格检查。rigorous后需接名词形式，作underwent的宾语，inspect的名词形式是inspection，符合题意。故填inspection。 16．All the new employees are asked to learn about the rules and   (regulate) of the company and they must obey them. 【答案】regulations 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：所有的新员工都被要求学习公司的规章制度，并且他们必须遵守。根据上文the rules and可知应填名词的复数形式regulations，表示“条例；规程”。 17．The government fined the man 200 yuan threatening public safety. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：政府对这名威胁公共安全的男子罚款200元。根据“threatening public safety.”可知，是“为某事而罚款”短语为fine...for doing sth，故填for。 18．It’s almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens questions about related concepts. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：如果没有很多相关概念的问题，学习一个历史时期几乎是不可能的。dozens of表示“许多”，固定短语。故填of。 19．The economic growth is influenced by a large number of factors, most of are beyond our control. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：经济的增长受到很多因素的影响，它们中的大多数都不受我们的掌控。空处与前面的most of一起引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a large number of factors，指物，故关系代词应用 which，most of which 表示“它们中的大多数”。故填which。 20．You may become physically addicted to nicotine in cigarettes, a chemical that is (harm) to smokers. 【答案】harmful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你可能对香烟中的尼古丁上瘾，这是一种对吸烟者有害的化学物质。空格处用形容词作表语，句子表示“你可能对香烟中的尼古丁上瘾，这是一种对吸烟者有害的化学物质”，空格处意为“有害的”，作表语，应用形容词harmful。故填harmful。 三、根据汉语提示填单词 21．Because of safety concerns, regular (检查) are necessary for all factories. 【答案】inspections 【详解】考查名词。句意：出于安全考虑，对所有工厂进行定期检查是必要的。句中用名词作主语。名词“检查”英文为inspection。根据谓语动词are，用名词的复数形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填inspections。 22．The environmental group is (发起运动) against plastic pollution in our oceans. 【答案】campaigning 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个环保组织正在开展反对海洋塑料污染的运动。根据汉语提示及句意，表示“发起运动”应为campaign，campaign against意为“参加/发动反……运动”，与主语The environmental group 之间为主动关系，所以is后用现在分词形式，构成现在进行时。故填campaigning。 23．There are several private (企业) in this area. 【答案】enterprises 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个地区有几家私营企业。此处为名词作主语，根据提示的汉语，表示“企业”应为enterprise，根据空前的several可知，此处用名词复数形式。故填enterprises。 24．Neither the current TV shows nor the fashion (趋势) is familiar to the dentist. 【答案】trend 【详解】考查名词。句意：牙医既不熟悉当前的电视节目，也不熟悉时尚潮流。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词trend，作主语，根据be动词is可知，应用名词单数形式。故填trend。 25．How to ensure the nation’s sustainable development is on the (议事日程). 【答案】agenda 【详解】考查名词。句意：如何确保国家的可持续发展已提上议事日程。“议事日程”应用名词agenda，作on的宾语，固定短语on the agenda意为“在议程上”，指某个议题或事项已经被列入会议或讨论的议程中。故填agenda。 四、根据首字母提示填单词 26．It is 2,300 metres above sea level, so a given v of air contains only about one-third as much oxygen as it would at sea level. 【答案】volume/olume 【详解】考查名词。句意：这是在海拔2,300米的高空，因此一定体积空气的含氧量只有海平面处的约1/3。根据句意和所给的首字母v，应该填入名词volume，表示“体积”，作主语，不定冠词a表明用单数，故填volume。 27．S is a kind of air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. 【答案】Smog/mog 【详解】考查名词。句意：烟雾是一种空气污染，最初因空气中烟雾的混合而得名。根据句意和首字母可知，空处填名词smog做主语，不可数名词，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Smog。 28．The organization was founded in 1889 for the c of wild birds. 【答案】conservation/onservation 【详解】考查名词。句意：该组织成立于1889年，旨在保护野生鸟类。根据单词首字母以及句意“保护”可知，空格处涉及单词“conservation”，意为“保护”，为不可数名词，作介词“for”的宾语。故填conservation。 29．It attracts millions of d and foreign visitors each year. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】domestic/omestic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：它每年都会吸引数以百万计的国内外游客。And是并列连词，并列成分的词性需一致，故设空处与foreign一致，故填形容词。根据句意及首字母提示，此处应填domestic，作定语，修饰visitors。故填domestic。 30．The beautiful Li River and its amazing s scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in Chinas Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.（根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】surrounding/urrounding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：美丽的漓江及其迷人的周边风景是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一。根据名词scenery可知，设空处需填入形容词作定语，结合首字母提示可知，形容词surrounding符合句意。故填surrounding。 五、选词填空 on behalf of, dozens of, be harmful to, have effects on, contribute to, make use of, no longer, add to, turn up, deal with 31．Anxiety disorders your health. 32．Bill would the TV in the other room, so I heard it clearly. 33．Taking regular exercise good health. 34．Sport is so important in the school timetable. 35．The child the desk to help him to get the bottle. 36． doctors and nurses have been working day and night for weeks. 37．When carbon is iron in proper proportion, the result is steel. 38．I had made arrangements for my affairs to be by one of my children. 39．John accepted the championship award the team. 40．Of course, too much stress our bodies and minds. 【答案】 31．have effects on 32．turn up 33．contributes to 34．no longer 35．made use of/makes use of 36．Dozens of 37．added to 38．dealt with 39．on behalf of 40．is harmful to 【解析】31．考查固定短语。句意：焦虑症对你的健康有影响。分析句意再根据下文的health可知，此处应该是是指对健康有影响，所以用固定短语have effects on表示“对……有影响”本句为一般现在时。故填have effects on。 32．考查固定短语。句意：比尔会把另一个房间的电视音量调大，所以我听得很清楚。根据下文“so I heard it clearly(所以我听得很清楚)”可知，此处是指把音量“调大”。would后接动词原形。故填turn up。 33．考查固定短语。句意：经常锻炼有助于身体健康。分析句意可知，本句为一般现在时，此处用固定短语contribute to表示“有助于”身体健康，又因为主语是动名词短语，所以谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填contributes to。 34．考查固定短语。句意：运动在学校课程表上不再那么重要了。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语no longer表示“不再”重要。故填no longer。 35．考查固定短语。句意：这个孩子利用桌子来帮他拿瓶子。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语make use of表示“利用”，又因为本句没有明显的时间状语，主语的动作既可以指过去的动作也可以指现在的动作，所以本句时态可以用一般过去时，谓语动词用made，也可以用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用makes。故填made/makes use of。 36．考查固定短语。句意：数十名医生和护士日以继夜地工作了数周。分析句意再根据名词doctors and nurses可知，此处用固定短语dozens of表示“数十名”医生和护士，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填Dozens of。 37．考查固定短语。句意：当碳以适当的比例加入铁中时，就得到了钢。分析句意再根据be动词is可知，此处用过去分词短语added to指碳“被加入”到铁当中。构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填added to。 38．考查固定短语。句意：我已经安排好让我的一个孩子来处理我的事情。分析句意再根据affairs可知，此处用固定短语deal with表示处理，再根据空格前的to be可知，此处用过去分词形式表被动关系。故填dealt with。 39．考查固定短语。句意：约翰代表球队接受了冠军奖。分析句意再根据下文的the team可知，此处用固定短语故on behalf of表示“代表”球队。填on behalf of。 40．考查固定短语。句意：当然，太多的压力对我们的身心都是有害的。分析句意再根据主语too much stress可知，太多压力应该是有害的，所以此处用固定短语be harmful to表示“对……有害”，又因为主语是第三人称单数且描述的是一般情况，时态用一般现在时，所以be动词用is。故填is harmful to。 六、七选五 Humans are driving climate change. That means we can change our path. 41 , individual actions matter, too. Here are some individual actions that can make a positive impact. 42 . First, be mindful of your meat. Cows create a lot of methane (甲烷), a significant driver of global climate change. One study found replacing beef with almost anything else for one meal a day can cut a person’s dietary carbon footprint by 48%. Then, address your food waste. Cut down on what you throw away and watch out for single-use items like coffee beans whose production produces greenhouse gases. Extend product lifespan (寿命). 43 . Shoes, clothes, furniture and even some electronics can be repaired to extend their life and keep waste out of landfills. Switch to electric cooking. Not only is gas-powered cooking releasing harmful chemicals into the environment, but it could be contributing to health problems for you if you’re cooking indoors. 44 . Plant trees where you can. Trees can help control temperatures and improve air quality. 45 . Local wildlife organizations often have lists of plants with neutral (中性的) or positive impacts on local flora and fauna (动植物群). A．Eat more sustainably B．Fix what you have instead of replacing it C．The time it gives you back this fall is an added bonus D．As climate change causes temperatures in many areas to rise E．Just make sure the plants you’re adding are approved for your area F．Plus, research has shown some gas stoves can leak pollutants even when they’re off G．While governments and businesses have a key role to play in addressing climate change 【答案】41．G 42．A 43．B 44．F 45．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对个人如何采取行动对抗气候变化提出了一些建议。 41．上文“Humans are driving climate change. That means we can change our path.(人类正在驱动气候变化。这意味着我们可以改变我们的路径)”表明人类可以为气候变化做出改变，下文“individual actions matter, too.(个人行为也很重要)”表明个人的作用，G项“尽管政府和企业在应对气候变化方面发挥着关键作用”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 42．下文“First, be mindful of your meat. Cows create a lot of methane, a significant driver of global climate change. One study found replacing beef with almost anything else for one meal a day can cut a person’s dietary carbon footprint by 48%. Then, address your food waste. Cut down on what you throw away and watch out for single-use items like coffee beans whose production produces greenhouse gases.(首先，注意你的肉类消费。牛会产生大量的甲烷，这是推动全球气候变化的一个重要因素。一项研究发现，如果每天一餐用除牛肉以外的几乎所有其他食物替代，可以将一个人的饮食碳足迹减少48%。接着，处理你的食物浪费问题。减少你丢弃的食物量，并留意那些生产过程中会产生温室气体的一次性使用物品，比如咖啡豆)”讲述牛肉消费的碳足迹问题和食物浪费的问题，空处作为本段的小标题，应概括本段内容，A项“吃得更可持续。”直接引出下文关于选择食品消费的讨论，符合语境。故选A。 43．上文“Extend product lifespan.(延长产品寿命)”作为本段标题，概括本段大意，下文“Shoes, clothes, furniture and even some electronics can be repaired to extend their life and keep waste out of landfills.(鞋子、衣服、家具甚至一些电子产品都可以进行维修，以延长它们的寿命，并将废物排除在垃圾填埋场之外)”为上文的观点举出实例，B项“修理你拥有的东西而不是替换它。”是对延长产品寿命的具体做法，与上下文紧密相连，符合语境。故选B。 44．上文“Not only is gas-powered cooking releasing harmful chemicals into the environment, but it could be contributing to health problems for you if you’re cooking indoors.(燃气烹饪不仅会向环境中释放有害化学物质，而且如果你在室内烹饪，它可能会导致你的健康问题)”指出室内使用燃气烹饪可能对健康产生问题，F项“另外，研究表明，即使在关闭时，一些燃气灶也会泄漏污染物。”进一步强调了燃气烹饪带来的潜在危害，与前文形成递进关系，符合语境。故选F。 45．上文“Trees can help control temperatures and improve air quality.(树木可以帮助控制温度和改善空气质量)”提到种植树木的好处，下文“Local wildlife organizations often have lists of plants with neutral or positive impacts on local flora and fauna.(当地野生动物组织通常会列出对当地动植物产生中性或积极影响的植物名单)”提到了要确保所种植的植物适宜本地环境，E项“只要确保你添加的植物是你所在区域批准的即可。”与上下文内容相呼应，强调了选择适合本地生态的植物的重要性，符合语境。故选E。 能力提升 一、完形填空 Imagine being able to go to your local park and 1 some tomatoes, or even bananas to take home for dinner as you please. Sounds too good to be 2 ? For residents of Andernach, it’s not just a utopian dream—it’s their 3 . Andernach began its “edible city” project years ago, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in 4 green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are 5 to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. The town’s motto of sorts is, “Picking is 6 — help yourself!” Every year a new type of plant is highlighted. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the 7 of 20 onion varieties. It’s a community 8 , as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialize as well as to learn about 9 , cultivating and harvesting food. An Andernach resident said, “I often 10 to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily 11 . There aren’t any 12 . You just take what you need.” Andernach isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, an EU-funded project 13 green urban foot initiatives around the world. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr Ina Säumel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and practitioners of edible city solutions to the same table and 14 theory with practice.” It is a 15 to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope. 1．A．appreciate B．pick C．cook D．purchase 2．A．confusing B．worthwhile C．true D．concerned 3．A．aim B．arrangement C．challenge D．reality 4．A．public B．remote C．deserted D．extra 5．A．ashamed B．curious C．generous D．free 6．A．guided B．organized C．encouraged D．booked 7．A．test B．diet C．introduction D．development 8．A．symbol B．effort C．tradition D．priority 9．A．observing B．planting C．collecting D．exchanging 10．A．drop by B．go through C．come forward D．help out 11．A．automatic B．alternative C．striking D．accessible 12．A．tips B．leftovers C．receipts D．fences 13．A．recovering B．connecting C．submitting D．assigning 14．A．unite B．replace C．update D．explain 15．A．response B．conclusion C．balance D．procedure 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国安德纳赫市推行的“可食用城市”项目。该项目在城市中心的公共空间种植了多种蔬菜和植物，居民和游客可以随意采摘，旨在鼓励社区参与种植和维护，同时提供了一个社交和学习种植、培育及收获食物的机会。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象一下，你可以去当地的公园摘一些西红柿，甚至香蕉带回家当晚餐，随你喜欢。A. appreciate感激，欣赏；B. pick摘，挑选；C. cook烹饪；D. purchase购买。根据后文的““Picking is  ___6___ — help yourself!””可知，此处指去公园摘一些西红柿或香蕉带回家。故选B项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听起来好得令人难以置信？A. confusing令人困惑的；B. worthwhile值得的；C. true真实的；D. concerned担心的。根据前文“Imagine being able to go to your local park and  ___1___  some tomatoes, or even bananas to take home for dinner as you please.”可知，你可以去当地的公园摘一些西红柿，甚至香蕉带回家当晚餐，随你喜欢，这件事情听起来好得不真实。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于安德纳赫的居民来说，这不仅仅是一个乌托邦式的梦想——这是他们的现实。A. aim目标；B. arrangement安排；C. challenge挑战；D. reality现实。根据后文“Andernach began its “edible city” project years ago, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in  ___4___  green spaces around the city centre.”可知，对安德纳赫的居民来说，去公园摘菜不是乌托邦式的梦想，而是现实，因为在几年前安德纳赫开始了“可食用城市”项目。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几年前，安德纳赫开始了“可食用城市”项目，在城市中心周围的公共绿地种植了101种西红柿。A. public公共的；B. remote遥远的；C. deserted被遗弃的；D. extra额外的。根据后文“green spaces around the city centre.”可知，安德纳赫在城市中心周围的公共绿地种植了101种西红柿。故选A项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它的3万居民可以随意取用任何生长的东西，其他游客也是如此。A. ashamed惭愧的；B. curious好奇的；C. generous慷慨的；D. free自由的，随意的。根据后文“as are any other visitors”可知，这里的居民和游客一样，可以随意取用。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个小镇的座右铭是：“采摘是鼓励的——请自便！”A. guided指导；B. organized组织；C. encouraged鼓励；D. booked预定。根据后文“help yourself”可知，这个小镇鼓励人们自己随意采摘。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年都有一种新的植物被突出。2011年种植了100种豆子，2012年引进了20种洋葱。A. test测试；B. diet饮食；C. introduction引入；D. development发展。根据前文“Every year a new type of plant is highlighted”可知，每年这里都会引入一种新的植物。故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个社区的努力，因为当地居民被鼓励帮助种植和维护花园。A. symbol象征；B. effort努力；C. tradition传统；D. priority优先事项。根据后文“as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens”可知，这里的人们被鼓励帮助种植和维护花园，所以是整个社区的努力。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这既提供了一个社交的机会，也提供了一个了解种植、培养和收获食物的机会。A. observing观察；B. planting种植；C. collecting收集；D. exchanging交换。根据前文“as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens”可知，这里的人们被鼓励种植蔬菜，所以此处指了解种植、培养和收获食物。故选B项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一位安德纳赫的居民说：“我经常顺便去摘一些家里没有的草药。A. drop by顺便去某地；B. go through经历；C. come forward站出来；D. help out帮助解决困难。根据后文“to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home”可知，这位居民是顺便去公园摘一些家里没有的草药。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很容易得到。A. automatic自动的；B. alternative可供替代的；C. striking引人注目的；D. accessible可获得的。根据后文“You just take what you need”可知，你只需要拿走你需要的，说明蔬菜很容易获得。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有围墙。A. tips建议；B. leftovers剩饭剩菜；C. receipts收据；D. fences围墙。根据后文“You just take what you need”可知，这里没有围墙，你可以随意取用。故选D项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是“可食用城市网络”的一部分，这是一个欧盟资助的项目，旨在连接世界各地的绿色城市足迹倡议。A. recovering恢复；B. connecting连接；C. submitting提交；D. assigning分配。根据后文“green urban foot initiatives around the world”可知，这个项目旨在连接世界各地的绿色城市。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Edible Cities Network的首席研究员Ina Säumel博士称，这是一个将食用城市解决方案的研究人员和从业人员邀请到同一张桌子上，将理论与实践相结合的独特机会。A. unite联合，结合；B. replace取代；C. update更新；D. explain解释。根据前文“invite researchers and practitioners of edible city solutions to the same table”可知，是将研究人员和从业人员邀请到同一张桌子上，将理论与实践相结合。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对气候变化压力的回应，也是希望的源泉。A. response回应；B. conclusion结论；C. balance平衡；D. procedure程序。根据前文““a unique opportunity to invite researchers and practitioners of edible city solutions to the same table and ___14___ theory with practice.””可知，这个项目是对气候变化压力的回应即将理论与实践相结合的独特机会。故选A项。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The headwater region of the Yangtze River, known as Sanjiangyuan, is sensitive to climate change. The ecological environment of the source area plays a crucial role in maintaining the 1 (stable) of the climate system, water resources security, biodiversity and ecosystem security along the Yangtze River. In 1976, China organized its first scientific expedition (探险) to the headwater region of the Yangtze River. After 2 (overcome) many hardships, the expedition team 3 (final) discovered the source of the Yangtze River to the foot of Mount Geladandong, which revised the length of the Yangtze River and 4 (confirm) it as the third-longest river in the world. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the changes in the ecological environment in the source area of the Yangtze River, comprehensive scientific expeditions 5 (carry) out to the Sanjiangyuan area since 2012. The expeditions have gone through some 6 (stage), namely entering, studying and protecting the source of the river. At present, the expeditions have led to 7 field scientific research observation system, including over 20 river observation sections and points, extending 8 wetlands, glaciers, water ecology and water environment evolution, to river channel evolution and water and sand changes. “In the future, 9 (provide) more scientific support for the protection of the Yangtze River, we will conduct cross-field cooperation with more scientific research institutions,” said Xu Ping, 10 is involved in the expeditions. 【答案】 1．stability 2．overcoming 3．finally 4．confirmed 5．have been carried 6．stages 7．a 8．from 9．to provide 10．who 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自1976年起，中国多次组织科考，建立观测系统，深入研究并保护作为长江源头的三江源地区。 1．考查名词。句意：源区的生态环境在维护长江流域的气候系统稳定性、水资源安全、生物多样性和生态系统安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。空处需填名词作动词maintaining的宾语，表示“稳定性”，stable的名词形式为stability，是不可数名词。故填stability。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在克服了许多困难之后，考察队最终发现了长江源头位于格拉丹东雪山脚下，这一发现修正了长江的长度，并确认其为世界第三长河。空前的After为介词，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语，所给词overcome为动词，其动名词形式为overcoming。故填overcoming。 3．考查副词。句意：在克服了许多困难之后，考察队最终发现了长江源头位于格拉丹东雪山脚下，这一发现修正了长江的长度，并确认其为世界第三长河。空处修饰动词discovered，需填副词作状语，final的副词形式为finally。故填finally。 4．考查动词时态。句意：在克服了许多困难之后，考察队最终发现了长江源头位于格拉丹东雪山脚下，这一发现修正了长江的长度，并确认其为世界第三长河。空处与谓语动词discovered并列，作并列谓语，共同描述探险队的两个主要成就。所给词confirm为动词，空处需填动词的过去式confirmed，和discovered一起作并列谓语，为一般过去时，表示“发现并确认”。故填confirmed。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：为了更深入地了解长江源区生态环境的变化，自2012年以来，三江源地区开展了全面的科学考察。空处需填谓语动词，根据时间状语since 2012可知，句子应用现在完成时态，主语expeditions和carry out之间为被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词需用have。故填have been carried。 6．考查名词复数。句意：这些考察经历了几个阶段，即进入、研究和保护河流源头。空处需填名词作宾语，stage为可数名词，some修饰可数名词复数形式。故填stages。 7．考查冠词。句意：目前，这些考察已经形成了一个野外科学考察观测系统，包括20多个河流观测断面和观测点，从湿地、冰川、水生态和水环境演变，到河道演变和水沙变化。空处修饰名词短语field scientific research observation system，此处表示泛指，含义为“一个野外科学考察观测系统”，应用不定冠词，且system以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 8．考查介词。句意：目前，这些考察已经形成了一个野外科学考察观测系统，包括20多个河流观测断面和观测点，从湿地、冰川、水生态和水环境演变，到河道演变和水沙变化。空处需填介词，表示“从湿地、冰川、水生态和水环境演变，到河道演变和水沙变化”。from...to...为固定短语，表示“从……到……”。故填from。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：“在未来，为了给长江保护提供更多的科学支持，我们将与更多的科研机构进行跨学科合作，”参与考察的徐平说。句中已有谓语 will conduct，空处作非谓语动词，需填动词不定式形式作目的状语，表示“为了提供”。故填to provide。 10．考查定语从句。句意：“在未来，为了给长江保护提供更多的科学支持，我们将与更多的科研机构进行跨学科合作，”参与考察的徐平说。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Xu Ping，指人，引导词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导。故填who。 三、书信写作 假定你是校学生会主席李华，最近，你注意到校园中存在乱扔垃圾、浪费资源等现象。请你给校报英语专栏写一封倡议信，呼吁大家共建一个环保型校园，内容包括： 1. 倡议的目的； 2. 采取的措施(至少3条)； 3. 你的希望。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear students, I’ve recently noticed some issues on campus such as... ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear students, I’ve recently noticed some issues on campus such as littering and wasting resources. I’d like to call on everyone to contribute to an eco-friendly campus. Firstly, we should make recycling as easy as possible. A simple way to do this is to throw the waste into dustbins on campus. Secondly, conserve electricity and water. For example, turn off the tap when brushing your teeth. Thirdly, cut down on your use of paper by using two-sided printing. You’ll indirectly reduce deforestation. Finally, try not to buy bottled water so as to reduce plastic waste that enters the oceans. Let’s make the campus a greener place! Only through joint efforts can we achieve this goal. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校报英语专栏写一封倡议信，呼吁大家共建一个环保型校园。 【详解】1.词汇积累 呼吁：call on→appeal to 简单的：simple→easy 例如：for example→for instance 关闭：turn off→switch off 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Finally, try not to buy bottled water so as to reduce plastic waste that enters the oceans. 拓展句：Finally, try not to buy bottled water so that we can reduce plastic waste that enters the oceans. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A simple way to do this is to throw the waste into dustbins on campus. (运用了不定式作后置定语和不定式作表语) [高分句型2] Only through joint efforts can we achieve this goal. (运用了部分倒装) 2 / 15 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$