UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures ——省略 语法串烧 　 ①(You) Believe yourself. Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if ②(they were) the same person.Both the two boys are smart，but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins first place in the exams while Peter doesn't ③(win first place).Peter felt sad one day. When ④(he was) asked why he was so sad，he said he had been robbed of the opportunity of going abroad.Peter determined to spend nearly half of his summer holiday ⑤(in) studying English.Their parents believe if Peter worked as hard as Tom ⑥(worked)，he would do as well as his brother ⑦(did) in his study.And their parents suggest that they ⑧(should) finish their homework before playing computer games. Not surprisingly，Peter succeeded.It's worth mentioning that ⑨were it not for the support of the teachers，Peter could not overcome his difficulty. 我的发现 ①祈使句中常省略主语； ②④as if/when引导状语从句，主从句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略； ③⑥⑦while或as...as...连接两个并列分句时，若主语不同，但主要动词相同，则可省略后面句子中的主要动词； ⑤介词的省略； ⑧suggest意为“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语用“should＋do”，should可以省略； ⑨if虚拟条件句中，省略if时，句子需倒装。 内容索引 NO.1　简单句及并列句中的省略 1 NO.2　复合句中的省略 2 课时测评 7 随堂应用　多维练 6 NO.3　动词不定式中的省略 3 NO.4　替代性省略 4 语基讲练 提能力 5 NO.1　简单句及并列句中的省略 返回 为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。 省略成分 情况说明 主语 在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略 谓语或谓语的一部分 为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略 表语 答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语省略 宾语 省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语 双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个 Some of us study Japanese；others(study)English. 我们中有些人学习日语，有些人学习英语。 —Do you know Mr Li? —I don't know(him). ——你认识李先生吗？ ——我不认识。 She washed(the shirt)，ironed(the shirt)，and folded the shirt.她洗了衬衫，并且把它熨好、折叠好。 Sorry，(you've dialed the)wrong number. 对不起，你拨错号了。 ◎巧学活用1——用省略结构改写下列句子 ①Is there anyone here to serve us? →________________________ ②He is a programmer and I am a programmer，too. →________________________________ ③It sounds interesting. →___________________ ④What a clever boy he is! →__________________ ⑤I work in a factory and my brother works on a farm. →I work in a factory and ____________________． 返回 Anyone here to serve us? He is a programmer and I am，too. Sounds interesting. What a clever boy! my brother on a farm NO.2　复合句中的省略 返回 1．宾语从句中的省略 在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。 I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is also an excellent writer. 我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。 2．状语从句中的省略 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语中有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况： (1)在as，before，till，until，when，while等引导的时间状语从句中。 While(I was)walking along the street，I heard my name called. 当我正沿街行走时，我听到有人叫我的名字。 (2)在though，although等引导的让步状语从句中。 Though(they were)tired，they still went on working. 虽然累了，但他们仍旧继续工作。 (3)在if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中。 You shouldn't come to his party unless(you are)invited.除非被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。 (4)在as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句中。 He did as(he was)told.他按要求去做了。 温馨提示　1.在虚拟语气中，常省略if，然后将were，should，助动词had移至句首，从句使用倒装句式。 Were I you (＝If I were you)，I should give that guy a good lesson. 如果我是你的话，我会好好教训那个家伙一顿。 2．常用的省略结构 ·if so　　　　 如果那样的话 ·if not　 不然，要不 ·if anything　 要说真有什么的话 ·if ever　 如果曾经有过的话 ·if necessary　 如果必要的话 ·if possible　 如果可能的话 If(it is)necessary，I'll explain it to you again. 如果有必要的话，我会再向你解释一遍。 The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30 ℃ in summer. 这里的气候十分怡人，夏天的气温，如果有过的话，很少达到30 ℃。 3．定语从句中的省略 (1)一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。 The man(whom)you saw yesterday fell ill. 你昨天见到的那个人病倒了。 The man，whom you saw yesterday，fell ill. 你昨天见到的那个人病倒了。 (2)当先行词是way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用in which或that，也可以省略。 The way(in which/that)these comrades treat problems is wrong. 这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。 that that it is ◎巧学活用2 (1)在句中能省略的部分下面画线 ①I believe ____ she will help you and that you will succeed. ②I'll give you all ____ I have as long as you are happy. ③Whenever _____ possible，he will come to my help. (2)用省略结构改写下列复合句 ④When he was asked about his marriage，he made no answer. →__________ about his marriage，he made no answer. ⑤Although he was hard-working，he couldn't earn enough to support himself. →_____________________，he couldn't earn enough to support himself. ⑥They don't use more water than it is necessary. →They don't use more water ______________． ⑦He was knocked down while he was crossing the street. →He was knocked down while ________ the street. ⑧If it were necessary，I might resign. → _________________，I might resign. 返回 When asked Although hard-working than necessary crossing Were it necessary NO.3　动词不定式中的省略 返回 动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况：一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号to的省略。 1．省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况 (1)一些表示心理活动，情感态度的动词或短语，如expect，want，hope，wish，love，hate，decide，plan，mean，try，would like，be glad等，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。 —Will you go with me? —Well，I'd like to(go with you). ——你愿意和我一起去吗？ ——嗯，我愿意(和你一起去)。 (2)动词不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to后的动词部分，即用to代替整个动词不定式。 You'd better finish the job on time if he ordered you to(finish the job on time).如果他命令你(按时完成工作)，你最好按时完成工作。 温馨提示　如果该动词不定式后的动词是be或完成时态，则需在to后加上be或have。 —Are you a lawyer? —No，but I hope to be (a lawyer). ——你是律师吗？ ——不是，但是我希望是(一名律师)。 —Have you been to the West Lake? —I hope to have(been to the West Lake). ——你去过西湖吗？ ——我希望去过(西湖)。 2．省略动词不定式符号to的情况 (1)动词不定式作感官动词feel，see，notice，watch，find，hear，listen to，observe和使役动词have，make，let等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。 We often hear him sing the song at home. →He is often heard to sing the song at home. 我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。 (2)两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and，or，than，but连接时，从第二个动词不定式起，往往省略动词不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时则不能省略。 She'd like to take off her coat and(to)have a break. 她想脱去外套休息一会儿。 It's more difficult to do than to say. (强调语意前后对比)做比说难。 (3)在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。 Why get so excited？为什么变得那么激动？ (4)由all，what 引导的主语从句或者主语被the only，the first，the one，the least或形容词最高级修饰而且从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往可省略to。 What you have to do is(to)study even harder to make preparations for your future. 你需要做的是更加努力学习为将来做准备。 The only thing to do now is(to)go on. 现在唯一能做的事是继续下去。 温馨提示　but，except作介词，后接动词不定式时，如果这些介词之前有实义动词do的某种形式，那么这些介词后的动词不定式不带to，反之则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么也做不了。 He has no choice but to leave. 他别无选择只有离开。 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空 ①The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him not __． ②—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? —I'd like ___，but I promised Nancy to go out with her. ③I came not to scold but _________(praise)you. 返回 to to to praise NO.4　替代性省略 返回 so和not作替代词，代替被省略的某个词(组)或句子，一般和表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作be，become的表语或afraid，believe，do，expect，fear，hope，imagine，say，see，speak，suppose，think 等的宾语。not代替否定的句子，还可放在perhaps，probably，absolutely等副词后。 —Is he the best student in the class? ——他是班里最优秀的学生吗？ —I think so(＝I think he is the best student in the class)./I think not(＝I don't think he is the best student in the class). ——我认为是的(我认为他是班里最优秀的学生)。/我认为不是(我认为他不是班里最优秀的学生)。 ◎巧学活用4 (1)用省略结构改写句子 ①—Shall we have a test tomorrow? —I hope we won't have a test tomorrow. →—Shall we have a test tomorrow? —I hope ___． (2)单句语法填空 ②—Do you think our team will win? —I don't think __． not so 返回 知识网络 语基讲练 提能力 返回 句型公式：动词-ing形式(短语)作主语 (教材原句)Wearing a dress might be better than wearing jeans and boots.穿连衣裙可能比穿牛仔裤和靴子更好。 (1)动词-ing形式(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 (2)该用法可以用it作形式主语，常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有：good，no good，no use，useless等。 佳句 (2024·浙江1月卷)Jumping rope is a type of exercise suitable for students to do at break time in school.跳绳是一种适合学生在学校休息时间做的运动。(活动介绍) 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①_______(have)friends means that you can have someone to talk to so that you don't feel lonely and depressed. ②______(do)exercises can help us keep healthy. ③告诉他不要担心是没有用的。 _______________ him not to worry. 返回 Having Doing It is no use telling 随堂应用　多维练 返回 维度一　写出下列句中被省略的部分 1．He spent four hours (__) going over his lessons. 2．I'm really puzzled about what to think or (__) say. 3．(_) Haven't seen you for ages! 4．He teaches English and his brother (_______) maths. 5．The boy picked up a coin in the road and (_______) handed it to a policeman. 6．He is the man (_____________) you can depend on. 7．I heard (____) he had gone abroad. 8．He suggested (____) we (______) start the work at once. in to I teaches the boy whom/who/that that that should 维度二　语法与写作(用省略形式完成句子) 1．尽管教授见到我们有些惊讶，但还是很热情地欢迎了我们。 ________________________，the professor gave us a warm welcome. 2．当搜寻一些信息时，我们可以通过触屏来操作。 While __________________________，we can operate by touching the screen. 3．如果有必要的话，你可以向你的老师求助。 ____________，you can turn to your teacher for help. 4．他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 _________________________ was quite simple. 5．她很小的时候就开始学习弹钢琴了。 When __________，she began to learn to play the piano. 6．云在聚集，好像要下雨了。 The clouds are gathering as if _______． Though surprised to see us searching for some information If necessary The way he explained to us very young to rain 返回 维度三　语法与语篇 用省略结构完成语段 My favorite color is orange. It is a warm and bright color，and it makes me 1.__________________(感到快乐和安全).When 2._________________(看到这种颜色)，I think of fall. When 3._____________(外出)，I enjoy walking through the dark orange leaves and 4.____________(倾听)the sound 5._____________________(他们在我的脚下形成的).I also think of the smell of fire. It's great to be at home and 6._________________(坐在温暖的炉火旁)with my family. This warm and beautiful color should be everywhere this season！ feel happy and safe seeing this color going outside listening to they make under my feet sit by the warm fire 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．We should keep the earth healthy while _____(use)its supply of natural resources. 2．Once __________(encourage)，he will have confidence to overcome the difficulties. 3．He was often noticed ________(leave)the office after work. 4．Children，when _______(expose)to an English-speaking atmosphere，will pick up the language much more easily. 5．He rushed out of the room as if _______(meet)an important person. using encouraged to leave exposed to meet 6．Knowing his trouble，I had nothing to do but _______(inspire)him to continue his work. 7．Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street，but his father told him not ___． 8．If ________(possibility)，I'd like to work in the Ministry of Finance because I am good at mathematics. 9．____ (be)I a bird，I would fly to see you at once. 10．—Who should be responsible for the accident? —The boss instead of the workers.They just carried out the order as ____(tell). inspire to possible Were told Ⅱ.同义句转换(改为省略句)(每小题3分，共24分) 1．He hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need if it is possible. →He hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need _________． 2．The employees just did the work as they were told. →The employees just did the work _______． 3．This meeting is successful than it was expected. →This meeting is successful _____________． 4．While I was reading a book，I heard a knock on the door. →____________________，I heard a knock on the door. if possible as told than expected While reading a book 5．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful. →The burn that she got from the iron was red and ____________． 6．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course. →Only some of the students have done a first aid course but ___________． 7．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel. →John will go abroad to travel but ________________． 8．If it is so，I hope you will get well soon. →_____，I hope you will get well soon. very painful most haven't his brother will not If so Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题3分，共15分) 根据括号内的汉语提示用省略结构补全短文 Mom was in the kitchen.She talked 1._________________________ (当准备他们的晚饭时).She said to Tom，“2._______________ (当心车辆) when crossing the street.”3.__________ (如果有必要的话)，she let Tom wait for a while.However，Tom didn't respond.She hurriedly left the room 4.___________ (好像生气了).Seeing this，Tom felt sorry and 5.__________ (害怕的)，so he ran to Mom apologizing to her. while preparing their supper Look out for cars If necessary as if angry frightened 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·杭州高一检测) A British man has learned skills needed to perform Beijing Opera，making the audience enjoy his lively performance of the Monkey King. Ghaffar Pourazar said he has been a big fan of Bruce Lee since he was a child and is full of interest about China.In 1993，he happened to watch Beijing Opera performed in London by professionals from Jingyu Theatre Company of Beijing.Ghaffar said he fell in love with the beautiful voices，colorful costumes，excellent shows and so on.So after one year，he arrived in China alone and became a student of Beijing Opera at a Beijing school. At the age of 32，he had to learn with teenage students every day，starting from the most basic training of the legs and waist.At the time，he was mostly troubled by the dialogue in Beijing Opera.To him，it was the biggest obstacle，but he never gave up. Four years later，he began to learn to perform the Monkey King，a traditional character from the Chinese classic story Journey to the West.He said he arrived at the workroom an hour earlier than other performers and also bought books and CDs to better understand the character. Ghaffar today is not only good at speaking Beijing dialect，but he also has built fame for Beijing Opera.He once got a top international prize for performing the Monkey King. To help more people enjoy Beijing Opera，Ghaffar often teaches the traditional art form in schools in the United States，Britain and other countries. When he found that the language was difficult to understand，he started to translate Beijing Opera story lyrics.He led a group of actors to perform 66 times in a month and a half in the United States.He also led a 48-member team to perform in Malaysia.In the past 10 years，he has performed in more than 400 shows. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一名英国男子Ghaffar Pourazar学习京剧的经历以及传播京剧的事迹。 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 1993...”及“So after one year，he arrived in China alone and became a student of Beijing Opera at a Beijing school.”可知，1994年，Ghaffar开始在北京学习京剧。故选C。 1．What did Ghaffar begin to do in the year of 1994? A．He became a fan of Bruce Lee. B．He took an interest in Beijing Opera. C．He learned Beijing Opera in Beijing. D．He acted the part of the Monkey King. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线词上一句以及画线词所在句可知，最困扰他的是京剧中的对白。对他来说，这是最大的难题，但他从未放弃。故画线词意思是“难题”，与headache意思相近。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “obstacle” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Chance. B．Target. C．Dream. D．Headache. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句可知，他比其他表演者练习得更刻苦。故选B。 3．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A．Monkey King is not easy to perform. B．He practised harder than other performers. C．He didn't understand the Monkey King well enough. D．He loved the Chinese classic story Journey to the West. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，Ghaffar为传播京剧作出了巨大贡献。故选D。 4．What can be implied from the last paragraph? A．Ghaffar is a successful team leader. B．Ghaffar translated Beijing Opera story for a living. C．Ghaffar teaches Beijing Opera for fun in many schools. D．Ghaffar has made huge contributions to spreading Beijing Opera. √ B (2024·赣州高一检测) I was born and raised in England in a culture where privacy and “keeping yourself to yourself” were valued traditions.Speaking to strangers was not encouraged. People were most hospitable(好客的) and friendly—but only once they had been introduced to new people. However，I have been lucky enough to spend some time in both Italy and the US，where I found traditions of hospitality and politeness to be very different. I experienced Italian hospitality first-hand on a crowded railway carriage traveling，one afternoon，from Genoa to Florence.Sinking gratefully into an empty seat，I was berated(斥责) in rapid Italian by a gentleman who was returning to this seat—it had not been “spare” after all.I apologized in English，and got up to allow him back into the seat.The gentleman obviously had no understanding of the English language，but he，too，realized my genuine mistake.He smiled and gestured for me to remain in the seat，and he himself remained standing in the corridor for the rest of the journey.The other passengers of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them.I feel that if this had been in England，a foreigner who made a mistake would not always be so kindly treated. Transport was also obvious in the differences I noticed between English and American culture.I flew to New York on a plane with mainly English passengers. We sat together in near silence.Nobody spoke to me nor，as I expected，to anyone else they did not know.They felt it was not polite to disturb someone else's privacy.However，when I traveled across the United States，whether by plane or Greyhound bus，I was never short of conversation. Conversation was going on all around me and whoever sat next to me was happy to introduce themselves and ask me about myself，which was usually a pleasant way to kill time.They obviously felt it would have been rude not to speak to another person，whether they were strangers or not. 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己在不同国家旅行的经历来告诉大家，不同文化里人们对好客和礼貌的定义是不同的。 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The other passengers of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them.”可推知，车厢里所有的乘客都对作者点头微笑，说明他们理解作者的错误。故选C。 5．What do we know about the passengers of the carriage when the author was traveling in Italy? A．They were all on the side of the gentleman. B．They all laughed at the author for his mistake. C．They all showed their understanding of the author's mistake. D．They would not bear a mistake like the author's in public. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They felt it was not polite to disturb someone else's privacy.”可知，英国乘客不跟不认识的人说话，因为他们觉得打扰别人的隐私是不礼貌的。由此可推知，英国乘客安静地坐着是因为隐私在英国是一项被重视的传统。故选D。 6．Why did English passengers sit in near silence according to the last paragraph? A．Because they were too tired to speak. B．Because they were short of topics to talk about. C．Because they were all strangers to each other. D．Because privacy was a valued tradition in England. √ 观点态度题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，作者认为在美国旅行时与人谈话是消磨时间的一种愉快的方式，所以作者对美国好客和礼貌的传统持赞许态度。故选A。 7．What is the author's attitude towards American's traditions of hospitality and politeness? A．Approving. B．Confused. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. √ 写作目的题。根据文章第二段内容及全文可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是想告诉读者不同国家在好客和礼貌方面的文化差异。故选D。 8．What's the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To tell us his traveling experiences. B．To tell us how to adapt ourselves to a new culture. C．To tell us the culture shock he experienced in Italy and the US. D．To tell us cultural differences in hospitality and politeness. √ Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·六盘水高一检测) The world has many interesting and special cultures.One of them 1. (be) the Bajo people of Southeast Asia. Their strong diving abilities have been introduced and recognized in many books.It's said that they can hold their 2. (breathe) for up to 5 minutes while trying to catch fish.This group of people，known in the west 3. sea gypsies (吉普赛人)，have always attracted others.For hundreds of years，they have lived in houses 4. (build) above the sea water. is breath as built A 5. (tradition) Bajo house sits on top of poles (杆) sticking out from the sea.Usually，6. roof of the house is made of dried leaves and branches，7. can be packed up and carried by boat when the family moves to another site.These people 8. (survive) by fishing off the coast up till now.They're known to live on boats，with many of them 9._________ (spend) their entire lives at sea.Even though there are still some Bajo people who live on tiny boats at sea，many of the modern ones are 10.______ (wide) found in coastal areas，especially in the Philippines. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有趣而特殊的东南亚巴霍文化。 traditional the which have survived spending widely 1．答案：is 2．答案：breath 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处为谓语动词，此处为客观陈述且主语为One of them，应用一般现在时。故填is。 考查词性转换。空处应用名词形式，作宾语。hold one's breath意为“屏住呼吸”，是固定搭配。故填breath。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词houses。故填built。 3．答案：as 4．答案：built 考查介词。be known as意为“被称为；以……著称”，是固定搭配。故填as。 考查冠词。此处的roof特指传统的Bajo房屋的屋顶，应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。 5．答案：traditional 6．答案：the 考查词性转换。空处应用形容词形式作定语，修饰名词Bajo house。故填traditional。 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合句意及时间状语up till now可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语为These people。故填have survived。 7．答案：which 8．答案：have survived 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为dried leaves and branches，指物，空处在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 考查词性转换。此处应用副词形式，作状语，修饰动词found。故填widely。 9．答案：spending 10．答案：widely 考查with复合结构。结合句意及空前的with many of them可知，此处为with复合结构，many of them与spend之间为主动关系，应用动词-ing形式表主动。故填spending。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$