UNIT 8 Section Ⅵ Grammar(2)-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅵ　Grammar(2) 构词法：转化 语法串烧 我的发现 Last night, my friends and I decided to go out for a celebration.We booked① a room at a local restaurant to ensure we had a private space for our gathering.My friend John, who has a strong build②， was in charge of carrying the drinks.We emptied③ all the bottles of drink we had brought.After a few hours of laughter and good times, we went back and had a sound④ sleep. 1．①为名词转化为动词使用； 2．②为动词转化为名词使用； 3．③为形容词转化为动词使用； 4．④为名词转化为形容词使用。 将一个单词由某种词性转化为另一种词性或几种词性，这种构词方法被称作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与转化前的词义紧密相连。 1．动词转化为名词 动词转化为名词时意义变化不大，多表示与动作本身相关的事物，很容易猜测出词义。 Let’s go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。 He is a man of strong build. 他是一个体格健壮的男人。 Let’s have a swim.我们去游泳吧。 Can I have a drink？给我来一杯饮料好吗？ She had a worried look on her face. 她一脸担忧的样子。 [温馨提示]　由动词转化而来的名词常与give，have，make，take，go等动词搭配来表示一个动作。如： give a kick 踢了一脚 take a rest 休息 take a bath 洗澡 go for a swim 去游泳 have a bet 打赌 2．名词转化为动词 很多表示物体、身体部位、某一类人或动物的名词可用作动词。这些由名词转化而来的动词常常表示具有该名词性质特征的动作，精练而又生动。 学生用书第80页 (1)表示物体的名词转化为动词 water n．水→v.给……浇水 mail n．邮件→v.邮寄 ship n．船→v.运送 (2)表示身体部位的名词转化为动词 hand n．手→v.递 face n．脸→v.面对 shoulder n．肩膀→v.扛 head n．头→v.朝(某方向)前进 (3)表示某一类人的名词转化为动词 nurse n．护士→v.护理 host n．主人→v.主办 fool n．傻子→v.愚弄 mother n．母亲→v.像母亲般地照顾 pioneer n．先驱→v.做先锋 volunteer n．志愿者→v.自愿做 (4)表示动物的名词转化为动词 snake n．蛇→v.蜿蜒伸展 wolf n．狼→v.狼吞虎咽 fish n．鱼→v.钓鱼 parrot n．鹦鹉→v.鹦鹉学舌地说 Will you water my flowers while I’m away? 我不在时你能给我的花浇浇水吗？ The ship is heading east. 这条船正向东航行。 Please hand me the book. 请把那本书递给我。 She nursed her husband back to health. 她照料丈夫，使他恢复了健康。 He was a disturbed child who needed mothering. 他是个心理失常的孩子，需要悉心照顾。 The road snaked away into the distance. 这条公路蜿蜒伸向远方。 He wolfed down three bowls of rice. 他狼吞虎咽地吃了三碗米饭。 3．形容词转化为动词 形容词转化为及物动词时多表示“使……”，转化为不及物动词时多表示“变得……”。此类词常见的有： perfect adj.完美的→vt.使完美 slow adj.慢的→ vt. & vi.(使)放慢速度 better adj.较好的→vt.改善 empty adj.空的→vt.倒空 dirty adj.脏的→vt.使变脏 smooth adj.光滑的→vt.使平滑 dry adj.干的→ vt.&vi.(使)变干 warm adj.暖和的→ vt.& vi.(使)温暖，变暖 brave adj.勇敢的→vt.勇敢面对 We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们会尽最大努力改善我们的生活条件。 She emptied the water out of the vase. 她把水从花瓶里倒了出来。 4．形容词转化为名词 某些形容词可以用来指代具有它所表示的性质的事物。如： chief adj.主要的→n.首领 final adj.最终的→n.决赛 white adj.白色的→n.白色 The girl in white looks very beautiful. 那个穿白色衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。 5．副词转化为动词 有一些副词可以转化为动词，如further，near，down等。 She took the new job to further her career. 她接受了这项新工作以进一步发展她的事业。 We downed our coffee and left. 我们一口气喝完咖啡就离开了。 学生用书第81页 ◎巧学活用——语境辨义 ①They are trying to better the lives of working people.改善，改进 ②Regular exercise is a must as you grow older.必须做的事 ③My grandmother bottled the juice.把(液体)装入瓶中 ④To his credit，he cleaned the rooms for the old before he left.打扫 ⑤She just texted me back.发短信 ⑥Sometimes one just needs a good cry.哭；一阵哭泣 维度一　语境辨义 1．He emptied the bottle.倒空 2．Each young person must shoulder his responsibility.肩负，承担 3．The government hopes to better the conditions of the farmers.改善 4．Lily wanted to take a career break in order to have children.休息 5．There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.必要 6．Which country is to host the next Olympic Games? 主办 7．Open the windows to cool the room.使凉快，使冷却 8．This apartment can house six people and a dog.提供住处 9．You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us.描绘，想象 10．Every year，fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another.用船运输 维度二　语法与写作 1．火车过桥时慢了下来。(slow) The train slowed down when crossing the bridge. 2．她在婚礼上穿着白色衣服。(white) She was dressed in white at the wedding. 3．养老院的老人受到很好的照顾。(elderly) The elderly in the nursing home are taken good care of. 4．今天是有意义的一天。灿烂的阳光铺满大地，我们兴高采烈地骑着自行车去山上植树。(carpet，bicycle) Today is a meaningful day.With the brilliant sunshine carpeting the earth，we delightedly bicycled to the hill to plant trees. 5．他把书按顺序摆在书架上。(place) He placed the books in order on the shelf. 维度三　语法与语篇 Herman Travis,55,lives in Holly Courts, and he has not so many 1.possessions (possess).Every Tuesday, Travis fills a shopping cart (购物车) with groceries from a local food bank and then he makes home deliveries to his elderly and 2.disabled(disable)neighbors.When he first started, people were 3.doubtful(doubt).They didn’t welcome it as he had expected.“At first people were 4.cautious (caution).They didn’t let me in. However, only after they got to 5.really(real) know me were they pleased to see me eventually.” Travis once told me.He often says it is not so 6.stressful (stress) a job.It might be a small thing that Travis is doing so, but he does that with big love.It’s 7.spiritually (spiritual) rewarding for himself. 学生用书第82页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$