UNIT 8 Section Ⅲ Grammar(1)-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar(1) 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式 语法串烧 我的发现 Walking① along the river, I saw a group of children playing② happily in the shallow water.They splashed and chased each other, enjoying③ the warmth of the sun.Nearby, a fisherman sitting④ waited for a catch patiently.Just beyond them, a bridge constructed⑤ many years ago spanned the river.Suddenly, a fish leaped out of the water and the fisherman quickly reacted, successfully landing⑥ the fish.Satisfied⑦ with his catch, the fisherman smiled broadly.The image left me fascinated⑧ by the harmony between human and nature. 1．①②③④⑥均为动词-ing形式，①③⑥在句中作状语；②在句中作宾语补足语；④在句中作定语。 2．⑤⑦⑧均为动词-ed形式，⑤在句中作定语；⑦在句中作状语；⑧在句中作宾语补足语。 学生用书第64页 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式具有动词的特征，同时又有形容词和副词的特征，因而它在句中可以作定语、状语、宾语补足语和表语等。 一、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作定语 1．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作定语的基本用法 情况 形式 意义 动词-ing形式作定语 doing 表示主动或动作正在进行或当时的状态。 They lived in a room facing south. 他们住在一个朝南的房间里。 being done 表示被动且动作正在进行。 The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important. 会议上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 动词-ed形式作定语 done 表示被动或动作已完成。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important. 会议上讨论过的问题非常重要。 [温馨提示]　不及物动词的-ed形式作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动意义；及物动词的-ed形式作定语，表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。 (1)只表示完成 the fallen leaves落叶(＝the leaves that have fallen落叶) the risen sun升起的太阳 (2)只表示被动 an honoured guest一位贵宾 a deeply respected teacher一位深受尊敬的老师 (3)表示被动和完成 a broken glass一个碎了的玻璃杯 the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论过的问题 2．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作定语的位置 单个分词作定语时通常前置(也有后置的情况)，分词短语作定语时通常后置，可转化为定语从句。作前置定语的分词多数已经形容词化。 A barking dog seldom bites.吠犬不咬人。 The building being built(which is being built) now will be our dining hall. 现在正在建的那栋建筑将会是我们的食堂。 3．形容词化的动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式 英语中某些动词的分词形式已经形容词化。一般来说，形容词化的动词-ing形式表示“令人……的”，形容词化的动词-ed形式表示“感到……的”。 exciting 令人激动的　excited 激动的 tiring 令人困倦的　tired 感到困倦的 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 ①Many people were sitting on the bench in the waiting (wait) room. ②It turned out that the careless boy wore a coat belonging (belong) to his brother. ③China is developing fast and shines like the rising (rise) sun in the east. ④They bought a lot of used (use) books. ⑤The ground is covered with fallen (fall) leaves. ⑥All the needed (need)tool will be fully supplied. 二、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语时表示的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。 动词-ed形式作状语时表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。 1．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，可以置于句首、句中或句末，一般要用逗号同其他成分隔开。 学生用书第65页 功能 用法及例句 时间状语 可转换为when，while等引导的时间状语从句。 Hearing the noise(＝When I heard the noise)，I turned around. 听到响声我转过身去。 Seen from the top of the hill (＝When it is seen from the top of the hill)，the city looks like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市像一个大花园。 原因状语 可转换为as，since，because等引导的原因状语从句。 Being poor(＝Because he was poor)，he couldn’t afford a TV set. 由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。 Frightened by the noise in the night(＝Because she was frightened by the noise in the night)，the little girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 小姑娘被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在她的房间里睡觉。 续表 功能 用法及例句 条件状语 可转换为if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Working hard(＝If you work hard)，you’ll certainly succeed. 只要努力工作，你肯定会成功的。 Given another chance(＝If he is given another chance)，he will do it better. 如果再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 让步状语 可转换为 although，though，even if，even though等引导的让步状语从句。 Knowing where I live(＝Though he knows where I live)，he never comes to see me. 尽管他知道我住在哪儿，但他从不来看我。 Wounded(＝Though he was wounded)，the brave soldier continued to fight. 尽管受了伤，但这名勇敢的战士继续作战。 伴随状语、 方式状语 作伴随状语或方式状语的分词没有对应的状语从句，但常可改写为并列成分。 He walked slowly in the forest，followed (and was followed) by a dog. 他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语) [温馨提示]　当动词-ing形式作结果状语时，其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是前面的整个句子；若情况为后者时，动词-ing形式可以转化为非限制性定语从句。 The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making air conditioning unnecessary (＝ which made air conditioning unnecessary).冷风吹过我们卧室的窗户，使空调变得没有必要了。(making air conditioning unnecessary的逻辑主语是前面的句子) 2．有时这两种形式可以与连词连用，可看作状语从句的省略。常见的连词有 while，when，once，if，though，although，even if，even though，unless，than，as等。 Even if invited，I won’t attend the evening party. 即使被邀请，我也不会去参加那个晚会。 While waiting for the bus，he met Mary. 等公共汽车时，他遇到了玛丽。 3．某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化，这些动词-ed形式作状语时，既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(隐藏的)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着……的)，tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。 Absorbed in the book，he didn’t notice me enter the room. 他全神贯注地在看书，没有注意到我进了房间。 4．作状语时，在少数情况下，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，分词用来修饰全句。如： considering...; generally speaking; judging by/from...; supposing that...; owing to...; speaking of...; providing/provided that...; given...等。 Judging from her accent，she must come from Fujian Province. 听她的口音，她肯定来自福建省。 学生用书第66页 Given her interest in children，teaching seems the right job for her. 鉴于她对孩子有兴趣，教书看来是适合她的工作。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①Waited(wait) by others for over half an hour，he didn’t turn up at the meeting. ②Focused (focus) on the video game，his eyes did not move. ③Thinking (think) of all the people in need of help，Dr Lin opened a private clinic. ④The snow lasted a week，resulting (result) in serious traffic confusion in the whole area. ⑤A man ran out of the house and he was shouting. →A man ran out of the house shouting． ⑥Because she doesn’t have a car，she finds it difficult to get around. →Not having a car，she finds it difficult to get around. 三、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 1．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 作宾语补足语时，动词-ing形式表示正在进行的主动意义，动词-ed形式则表示已经完成的被动意义。 动词 -ing 形式 表示主动、动作正在进行，宾语是动词-ing形式所表示动作的执行者。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。 动词 -ed 形式 表示被动、动作已完成，宾语是动词-ed形式所表示动作的承受者。 I heard the English song sung many times.我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。 2．作宾语补足语时常用于以下两种情况： (1)位于感官动词后，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，notice等。 We saw the teacher doing the experiment. 我们看到老师在做实验。 I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听到有人在敲门。 He heard his name called. 他听见有人叫他的名字。 She saw the thief caught by policemen. 她看见小偷被警察抓住了。 (2)位于使役动词后，如make，have，get，keep，leave等。 They had the light burning all night. 他们让灯整夜亮着。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. 很抱歉让你久等了。 Many young people have their hair coloured. 许多年轻人把他们的头发染了颜色。 She still couldn’t make herself understood in English. 她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空 ①We looked for Paul and finally we found him sitting (sit) under a tree and eating an apple. ②Don’t have the water running (run) when you brush your teeth. ③With spring approaching (approach)，the weather becomes warmer and warmer. ④The man was brought into the police station，with his hands tied (tie) behind. ⑤She found herself locked(lock)in loveless marriage. 学生用书第67页 四、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语 1．作表语时，动词-ing形式往往表示主语所具有的特征，动词-ed形式往往表示主语的状态或状况。 The result of the accident is shocking. 这一事故的后果令人震惊。 He seemed quite delighted at the news. 听到这个消息他似乎很高兴。 2．有些作表语的分词可看作形容词，比如 exciting，interesting，disappointing，discouraging，encouraging，inviting(吸引人的)，charming(迷人的)，delighted，disappointed，discouraged，amused，astonished，interested，tired，satisfied，excited，pleased，broken等。 What he said was encouraging. 他说的话令人振奋。 We were encouraged by what he said. 他说的话使我们深受鼓舞。 3．动词-ed形式作表语与被动语态的区别 区别 动词-ed形 式作表语 强调主语的特点或所处的状态。 Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那个玻璃杯，因为它破了。(表示主语所处的状态) 被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作本身，后面常跟by短语。 The cup was broken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调“打破”的动作) ◎巧学活用4——单句语法填空 ①His behavior is very confusing (confuse). ②He seems confused (confuse) about the result. ③His speech was inspiring (inspire) and touched my heart. ④He looked satisfied(satisfy)with the idea I put forward. ⑤When our mind is occupied (occupy) with work，we won’t have time to worry. ⑥You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted (devote) to your work. 维度一　单句语法填空 1．The plot of the drama was so absorbing (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. 2．While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 3．If you have any question concerning (concern) your academic life，feel free to contact the admission office. 4．Tsinghua University，founded (found) in 1911，is home to a number of great figures. 5．I regret taking those weight-loss pills containing (contain) a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail. 6．In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，combining (combine) the meaning of “information” and “atmosphere”． 7．When offered (offer) an important role in new movie，Andy got a chance to become famous. 8．The retired (retire) teacher often makes a proposal to protect the environment. 9．As we all know，China is a developing country belonging (belong) to the third world. 10．The old man，having worked (work) abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland. 学生用书第68页 维度二　语法与写作 1．虽然我们再三地请她坐下，她还是站着。 She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 2．随着中国的快速发展，学习汉语的外国人数量一直在增长。 With the rapid development of China，the number of foreigners learning Chinese is growing all the time. 3．你不在的时候，请不要让机器一直开着。 Please don’t keep the machine running while you are away. 4．该方案于50年前启动，已为3 000多万儿童提供服务。 The programme，launched 50 years ago，has served more than 30 million children. 5．他试图逃跑，但当他发现自己被包围时放弃了。 He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded． 维度三　语法与语篇 根据汉语提示，用动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式完成下面短文。 The white-haired man 1.riding an ordinary bicycle (骑着一辆普通自行车的) was a famous photographer 2.named Bill Cunningham (名叫Bill Cunningham的).3.Devoted to photography (致力于摄影)，he put hours of hard work into his work.He would even stay outside in a storm，4.taking photos (拍照片).He never accepted the benefits 5.offered to him for being a photographer (因为是一名摄影师而提供给他的).This lack of self-interest 6.kept him focused on his skill (使他专注于自己的技能)，7.enabling him to become a special photographer (使他成为一名特别的摄影师).8.Moved by his story (被他的故事所感动)，I am determined to become a successful man like him.I think 9.doing what one loves (做自己热爱的事情) is key to success so 10.I will be very excited (我将会很兴奋的) to stick to my hobby. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$