新概念英语第三册 Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 课件

Lesson15 Fifty pence worth of trouble Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Father, of course, provides a regular supply of pocket-money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes. Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box. For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate. My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty. Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there. I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover. He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could not get his arm out. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. The fire brigade was called and two fire fighters freed George using a special type of grease. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates. 重点词汇 appreciate：v ，常见意思有 “欣赏”“感激”。例句 “I appreciate your help.”（我很感激你的帮助。） pocket-money：n，意为 “零用钱”。 thrifty：adj.意为 “节约的，节俭的”，同义词有 “economical”“frugal”。例如 “Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box.”（只有非常节俭的孩子才能把钱箱装满。） nephew：n.指 “侄子，外甥”。 bounce：v.意为 “弹起，跳起”。如 “The coin was bounced.”（硬币弹了起来。） pavement：n.意思是 “人行道”，美式英语中常用 “sidewalk”。 stick（stuck，stuck）：动词，有 “卡住，夹住，不能再动”“坚持”“粘贴” 等意思。如 “His arm was stuck.”（他的胳膊被卡住了。）“You must stick to your idea.”（你必须坚持你的想法。） brigade：n.，意为 “旅，（消防）队”。“fire brigade” 就是 “消防队” grease：名词时表示 “润滑油”；也可作动词，意为 “给…… 涂润滑油”。 extra：形容词，意为 “额外的，附加的”。如 “uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income”（叔舅婶姨总是额外收入的来源）。 drain：名词，指 “排水沟，下水道”。 roll：作动词时，有 “卷；滚动，” 等意思。如 “He rolled up his sleeves.”（他卷起了袖子。） sleeve：名词，意为 “袖子，衣袖”。 rub：动词，意思是 “擦，摩擦”。如 “A lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter.”（一位女士用肥皂和黄油擦他的胳膊。） upset：作形容词时，意为 “心烦意乱的，不适的，不舒服的”；作动词时，有 “打翻，弄翻，推翻；使烦乱” 的意思。 reward：作动词时，意为 “酬谢，酬劳，报答”；作名词时，意思是 “报酬，奖金”。如 “The lady rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.”（女士用一大盒巧克力酬谢他。） 重点短语 go a long way：意思是 “可买很多东西，维持很久”。如 “With some children, small sums go a long way.”（对于一些孩子来说，少量的钱能花很长时间。） exchange for：意为 “换取，以…… 来交换”。如 “If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets...”（如果 50 便士不拿去换糖果……） fill up：表示 “装满”。如 “Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box.”（只有非常节俭的孩子才能把钱箱装满。） find one's way (to/there 等)：意思是 “抵达，到达，找到自己的去处”。如 “Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there.”（我给他的 50 便士硬币和英镑硬币很少有能到储蓄罐里的。） 重点短语 5. roll up：意为 “卷起，挽起”。如 “George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves...”（乔治脱下夹克，卷起袖子……） 6. gather round：表示 “聚在…… 周围”。如 “A crowd of people gathered round him.”（一群人聚集在他周围。） 7. reward sb. with sth.：用…… 来奖赏某人。如 “...rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.”（…… 用一大盒巧克力奖赏他。） 单句分析 1.Children always appreciate small gifts of money. 句子成分—Children{s} always{副词} appreciate{v} small gifts{o} of money{介短作副修饰o}. “appreciate” 是一个重点词汇，常见意思为 “感激；欣赏；，比如 “appreciate doing sth.”（感激做某事）。例如，在语法填空中 “I would appreciate ______ (hear) from you soon.”，这里就需要填 “hearing”。 涉及的考点： 主谓一致：“Mum or dad” 遵循就近原则，后面的谓语动词 “provide” 与靠近的 “dad” 单复数形式保持一致（这里是一般现在时，动词用原形） 。在高考中，对于 “or”“either...or...”“neither...nor...” 等连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数选择是常考的主谓一致考点。 词汇及短语： “provide” 是一个重要的动词，意为 “提供”，常见搭配 “provide sth. for sb.” 或 “provide sb. with sth.”。 “a regular supply of” 表示 “定期供应……；有规律的…… 供给”，“regular” 作为形容词， “a source of” 意为 “…… 的来源”，“source” 的用法和这个短语的搭配也可能成为考点 “extra income” 中 “extra” 作为形容词 “额外的” 的用法以及 “income” 作为 “收入” 的理解和运用 2.Mum or dad, of course, provide a regular supply of pocket money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income. 句子成分—Mum or dad{s1}, of course{插入语，介短作副}, provide{v1} a regular supply{o1} of pocket money{介短作副}, but{连词} uncles and aunts{s2} are{v1} always{副词} a source{c1} of extra income{介短作副修饰c1}. 3.With some children, small sums go a long way. 句子成分—With some children{介短作副}, small sums{s1} go{v1} a long way{o1}. With some children” 在句子 “With some children, small sums go a long way” 中作状语，具体来说是作条件状语或方面状语。 这里的 “with” 表示 “对于，就…… 而言” ，“With some children” 说明 “small sums go a long way（少量的钱能花很长时间）” 这种情况是针对 “some children（一些孩子）” 而言的，表明了该陈述所适用的对象范围，从某个方面或在某种条件下对句子的主要内容进行限定和说明。 4.If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes. 句子成分—If{副从引导词} fifty pence pieces{s1} are{v1} not exchanged{c1} for sweets{介短作副}, they{s2} rattle{v2} for months inside money boxes{介短作副}. 主从复合句。“If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets” 是条件状语从句，使用了一般现在时的被动语态，“are not exchanged” 表示 “不被用来交换” ，“fifty pence pieces” 是从句的主语，意为 “50 便士的硬币” ，“for sweets” 表示交换的对象。 “they rattle for months inside money boxes” 是主句。“they” 指代前面提到的 “fifty pence pieces” ，“rattle” 是谓语动词，意为 “发出格格声” ，“for months” 是时间状语，表示动作持续的时长，“inside money boxes” 是地点状语，说明硬币发出格格声的位置是在储蓄罐里。 5.Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box. 句子成分—Only very thrifty children{s1} manage{v1} to fill up a money box{不定式作名词受词}. “thrifty”：形容词，意为 “节约的，节俭的”。 “manage”：常见动词，有 “设法做成；管理；经营” 等意思。在这里是 “设法做成” 的意思，常用搭配 “manage to do sth.” 表示 “设法完成某事，成功做到某事” ，这是一个重要的短语搭配，例如，在语法填空中可能会出现 “He managed ______ (pass) the exam.”，需要填写 “to pass”。 “fill”：动词，“fill up” 是一个短语，意为 “装满，填满”。高考中会考查 “fill” 的相关短语，如 “fill with”（用…… 填满），以及 “fill up” 在不同语境中的运用，比如在完形填空中根据上下文选择合适的短语。 6.For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate. 句子成分—For most{介短作副} of them{介短作副}, fifty pence{s1} is{v1} a small price{c1} to pay{不定式作副修饰c1} for a nice big bar{介短作副} of chocolate{介短作副}. 动词不定式作后置定语：“to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate” 修饰 “price”，说明 “price” 的具体内容，即 “为买一大块美味巧克力所付出的（代价）”。在高考中，动词不定式作定语是重要考点，会考查其与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系，以及在句子中的位置和用法。例如在语法填空中，可能会让考生判断是否该用动词不定式作定语以及其正确形式。 句子的主系表结构：“fifty pence is a small price...” 是主系表结构，“fifty pence” 是主语，“is” 是系动词，“a small price” 是表语。高考对句子基本结构的考查，要求考生能够准确判断句子的成分，这对于理解句子意思和进行语法分析非常重要。 7.My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty. 句子成分—My nephew{s1}, George{插入语}, has{v1} a money box{o1} but{连词} it{s2} is{v2} always empty{c2}. 8.Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins （I have given him） have found their way there. 句子成分—Very few of the fifty pence pieces{介短作副} and{连词} pound coins{s1} （I{s2} have given{v2} him{o2}） have found{v1} their{o1} way there{c1，介短作形容词受词补语}. 9.I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it. 句子成分—I{s1} gave{v1} him{o1-1} fifty pence{o1-2} yesterday{时副} and{连词}{省略主词s2} advised{v2} him{o2} to save it{介短作形容词受词补语}. advise sb to do sth 的不定式用法 10.Instead he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble. 句子成分—Instead{介短作副} he{s1} bought{v1} himself{o1-1} fifty pence worth{o1-2} of trouble{介短作副}. “worth of”：这个短语表示 “价值…… 的量”   11.On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. 句子成分—On his way{介短作副} to the sweet shop{介短作副}, he{s1} dropped{v1} his fifty pence{o1} and{连词} it{s2} bounced{v2} along the pavement{介短作副} and{连词} then disappeared down{v3} a drain{o3}.   12.George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover. 句子成分—George{s1} took off{v1} his jacket{o1}, rolled up{v2} his sleeves{o2} and{连词} pushed{v3} his right arm{o3} through the drain{介短作副} cover. 13.He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could not get his arm out. 句子成分—He{s1} could not find{v1} his fifty pence piece{o1} anywhere{地副}, and{连词} what{s2} is{v2} more{c2}, he{s3} could not get{v3} his arm{o3} out{小品词}.   14.A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. 句子成分—A crowd{s1} of people{介短作副} gathered{v1} round him{介短作副} and{连词} a lady{s2} rubbed{v2} his arm{o2} with soap and butter{介短作副}, but{连词} George{s3} was{v3} firmly stuck{c3 }. 15.The fire brigade was called and two fire fighters freed George using a special type of grease. 句子成分—The fire brigade{s1} was{v1} called{c1} and{连词} two fire fighters{s2} freed{v2} George{o2} using a special type{c2} of grease{介短作副}. 被动语态：“The fire brigade was called” 使用了一般过去时的被动语态，结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”。在高考中，被动语态是重要考点，常考查不同时态（如一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等）的被动语态形式，以及在语境中对被动含义的理解和运用。例如在语法填空中，可能会根据上下文提示让考生填写合适的被动语态形式。 并列句：此句由 “and” 连接两个简单句 “The fire brigade was called” 和 “two fire fighters freed George using a special type of grease”，构成并列句。高考会考查并列连词（如 and、but、or、so 等）的用法，包括根据句子间的逻辑关系选择正确的连词，以及在短文改错中判断并列连词使用是否恰当。 16.George was not too upset by his experience (because the lady (who owns the sweet shop) heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.) 句子成分—George{s1} was{v1} not too upset{c1} by his experience{介短作副} (because{副从引导词} the lady{s2} (who{s4} owns{v4} the sweet shop{o4}) heard{v2} about his troubles{介短作副} and{连词} rewarded{v3} him{o3} with a large box{介短作副} of chocolates{介短作副}.) 被动语态：“George was not too upset by his experience” 使用了一般过去时的被动语态 “was + 过去分词（upset 的过去分词形式还是 upset）” ，“by” 引出动作的执行者（这里 his experience 可理解为造成他情绪状态的因素）。在高考中，常考查不同时态的被动语态构成及用法，在语法填空、短文改错中会出现对被动语态形式的判断和修正，阅读理解中也要求理解句子的被动含义。 定语从句：“who owns the sweet shop” 是一个由关系代词 “who” 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 “the lady” ，“who” 在从句中作主语。定语从句是高考的重点语法内容，考查关系代词（who、whom、which、that、whose 等）和关系副词（where、when、why 等）的选择、定语从句的结构以及与其他句型（如强调句）的区别等，在语法填空、短文改错和阅读理解中经常出现。 被动语态 1.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals __________by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics. A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D have been installed 2.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __________in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped   C were trapping D had been trapped 3.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan_________in the past two years. A. had been carried out  B. would be carried out  C is being carried out  D. has been carried out 4.In the1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones_______yet. A haven.t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn't invented  D. hadn't been invented 5. He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he_________. A was being followed B was following C had been followed D followed 定语从句 1.(2019江苏卷,21) We have entered into an age__________dreams have the best chance of coming true. A which B what C when D that 2.(2018江苏卷,23) Self-driving is an area_______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. A. That B. where C. which D when 3. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of______has been proved. A whom B which C. what D. that 4.(2016天津卷,9) We will put off the picnic in the park until next week_________the weather may be better. A. that B where   C. which D.when 5.(2015安徽卷,28) Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______school education depends. B.that      A. It C whose D. which 回答问题 Where was George going? Where did he lose his fifty pence? Did he take his jacket off or not? Where did he put his arm? Did he find his fifty pence,or did he fail to find it? Could he get his arm out or not?7 Did a crowd of people gather round him or not? What did a lady try to do?9 Did she succeed or did she fail? How did firemen finally free George?11 What did the owner of the sweet shop present him with? 巩固练习 根据汉语或首字母提示，用单词的适当形式填空。 1.I would a______________ it if you would help me carry the box upstairs. 2.My mother is very t______________She never wastes any money. 3.One of his______________(侄子)has been admitted to Peking University. 4.The car drove onto the______________(人行道)and crashed into a shop. 5.The machine needs some more______________(润滑油)to work better. 根据提示，把下列句子译成英语。 1.这些钱足够买一辆小轿车。（主语+be+adj+to do sth.) ________________________________________________________________________ 2.这就是我昨天在超市里遇见的那个女孩。(who引导定语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ 3.用了一种新的技术，这家公司的产量提高了很多。（现在分词作状语） ________________________________________________________________________ 4.我给他的零花钱都存入银行了。(find one's way) ________________________________________________________________________ 5.医生建议史密斯先生每天至少锻炼半个小时。(advise sb. to do sth.) ________________________________________________________________________ 根据汉语意思，默写课文原句。 1.孩子们总是喜欢得到一些零花钱。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2.对于有些孩子来说，少量的钱可以花很长一段时间。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 3.能把储蓄罐装满的只有屈指可数的几个特别节俭的孩子。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 4.我给了他不少50便士的硬币，但是没有几个存到储蓄罐里。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 5.有人打电话叫来消防队，两位消防员使用了一种特殊的润滑剂才使乔治得以解脱。 ___________________________________________________________________________ $$