内容正文:
外研九下模块8
课标单词
handbag(女用)小提包 beat节拍;拍子 pardon请原谅;对不起(用于礼貌地请求别人重复自己没听清或不理解的话)intend计划;打算 fetch(去)取来;拿来pancake薄煎饼;薄烤饼 rose玫瑰;蔷薇 kindness善举;好意 disappointed失望的;沮丧的 bedside床边;床头 note便条;短笺 whom......的人;那个人
课标短语
laugh at嘲笑;对......一笑置之 give up放弃 try one’s best尽某人最大的努力
语法
复习宾语从句
复习定语从句
Unit 1
1.You look lovely,Lingling!
句中look lovely用的是“look+形容词”结构。look在此作感官动词,意为“看起来”,要接形容词或介词like引导的短语作表语。
Why do you look so sad?你为什么看起来这么伤心?
He looks like a thief.他看上去像个小偷。
知识回顾 sound、taste、smell、feel作感官动词时分别意为“听起来”、“尝起来”,“闻起来”、“感觉、摸起来”。
(1)它们都可以接形容词或like引导的介词短语作表语。它们不用于进行时、也没有被动语态。
The scarf feels comfortable. 围巾摸起来很舒服。
The flower smells nice.这朵花闻起来很香。
Malta sounds like a great place for a relaxing holiday. 马耳他似乎是一个轻松度假的好去处。
The soup tastes very nice.这道汤尝起来非常棒。
(2)它们是表示感官活动的行为动词,把含有这些词的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句要借助助动词do/does/did。
His idea sounds good.他的主意听起来很好。
→His idea doesn’t sound good.他的主意听起来不好。
→Does his idea sound good?他的主意听起来好吗?
2.I’m going to miss you all.
all在此作代词,意为“全部”,指三者或三者以上的内容,文中指的是在大厅里的所有同学。all在此作宾语you的同位语,必须放在宾语的后面。
I will meet them all next week.
我下周将见到他们所有人。
知识归纳 all还可以作主语的同位语,放在be动词/助动词/情态动词的后面,行为动词的前面。
They are all excited and happy.他们都很激动、开心。
These boys can all swim.这些男孩都会游泳。
3.They look OK,don’t they?
本句由“陈述部分(They look OK)+逗号+附加疑问部分(don’t they)?”构成,是前肯后否的反意疑问句。回答这种类型的反意疑问句时,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+be动词/助动词+情态动词.”,否定回答用“主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not.”。答语中的主语要与反意疑问句保持一致,be动词(除了am以外)、助动词或情态动词与not的缩写形式n’t连用。
—Anne is swimming, isn’t she?安妮在游泳,是吗?
—Yes,she is.是的。
—Jim has gone to Suzhou,has he?吉姆去了苏州,是吗?
—No,he hasn’t.不,他没去。
知识归纳 回答前否后肯的反意疑问句时,yes表示“不”,no表示“是”。
—You can’t swim,can you?你不会游泳,是吗?
—Yes,I can.不,我会。
—There is no water in the cup,is there?杯子里没有水,是吗?
—No,there isn’t.是的,没有。
知识拓展 反意疑问句的特殊用法:
(1)陈述部分是I’m,附加疑问部分可以用am I not(正式)或aren’t I(非正式)。
I’m your best friend,am I not(aren’t I)?
我是最好的朋友,是吧。
(2)I/We don’t+心理活动类动词原形(think、guess等)+that引导的宾语从句是否定转移句。把这种句子变为反意疑问句时,附加疑问部分要与从句保持一致,即“be/助动词/情态动词+代词”。
I don’t think he will come tomorrow.我想他明天不会来。
→I don’t think he will come tomorrow, will he? 我想他明天不会来,是吗?
4.It’s got a great beat!
(1)’s got 是行为动词has got的缩写形式,意为“有”,是英式英语,对应的美式英语是has。has got的主语是
表示“人、物品、动物”的单数名词或第三人称单数代词,可以接表示“人、事物、动物”的词作宾语。
Linda’s got many toys.琳达有很多玩具。
The book has got 100 pages.这本书有100页。
The cat’s got two babies.这只猫有两个孩子。
(2)beat在此作可数名词,意为“节拍、拍子”,指音乐的节拍。
It's got four beats to a measure.1小节有4拍。
知识归纳 beat的其他用法:
1)作不及物动词时意为“(心脏、脉搏)跳动”。
I feel my heart beating faster.
我感觉心脏跳得更快了。
2)作及物动词时意为“打败、用力打”(过去式和过去分词都是beat)。
In yesterday's game, Switzerland beat the United States two to one.
在昨天的比赛中,瑞士以2比1击败了美国。
My wife tries to stop them and they beat her.
我妻子试图阻止他们,他们就猛打她。
5.Pardon?
Pardon?是交际用语,意为“请再说一遍”。pardon作感叹词,单独用在口语中表示没听清楚或不理解对方的话,希望对方再重复一遍。该交际用语的同义表达方式是“I beg your pardon?”,朗读时都用升调。
-Do you like the cake? I made it by myself.你喜欢这蛋糕吗? 我自己做的。
—Pardon?/I beg your pardon?请再说一遍。
知识拓展 pardon作及物动词时意为“原谅”,常用结构如下:
(1)pardon sb for(not)doing sth,表示“原谅某人(没有)做某事”。
Please pardon me for not arriving soon.
请原谅我没早点来。
(2)pardon sb/sb’s+V-ing表示“原谅某人做某事”。
Pardon me saying it. 请恕我此言。
Pardon my contradicting you. 原谅我不同意你的意见。
6.Do you intend to stay in China for long
句中intend to stay用的是“intend+动词不定式”结构,表示“打算做某事”。intend是及物动词,是正式用语,意为“打算、计划”,指对未来的行动做出打算并力争实现。 它可以接动词不定式或V-ing结构作宾语,它们可以互换使用。
We intend to buy a new house.
=We intend buying a new house.我们打算买一个大房子。
用法辨析 mean to do sth和intend to do sth表示“打算做某事”的区别:
mean to do sth没有intend to do sth正式,常用于表达一个未能实现的决心。
I mean to visit her,but I have no time.
我打算去看她,但我没有时间。
7.I hope so.
【注释】I hope so.表示“我希望如此。”so用于替代上文中的一整句话或一句话中的一部分以避免重复,它在此替代的是“to stay in China for long”。
—Will it be fine tomorrow? 明天会天睛吗?
—I hope so. 我希望如此。
特别关注 表示“我希望不会。”用“I hope not.”,不用“I don’t hope so.”。
—Will it rain tomorrow? —明天会下雨吗?
—I hope not. —希望不要下雨。
8.Let’s fetch something to eat.
fetch在此是及物动词,意为“(去)取来、拿来”,指一去一回两个过程,可以接表示“事物”的词作宾语。表示“把某物拿来给某人”用fetch sb sth,可以与fetch sth for sb互换使用。
Please fetch me the documents in that room.
=Please fetch the documents for me in that room.
请到那间房间去把那些文件拿来给我。
用法辨析 bring,fetch,take作及物动词时都含有“带”的意思,区别如下:
(1)bring意为“带来”,构成bring sb/sth+地点状语,指把某人/物带到某地来(地点状语由方位介词短语或地点副词充当)。
Mr Wang always tells us not to bring any food into the computer room.
王老师总是叫我们别带任何吃的东西进计算机房。
Please ask uncle Tom to bring you here in August.请要汤姆大叔8月带你来这里。
(2)take意为“带走”,与bring的含义相对,构成“bring sb/sth+方位介词短语”结构,指把某人/物带去某地。
Please remember to take the book to school. 记得把书带去学校 。
Why not take him there?为什么不把他带到那里呢?
9.Here’s to our friendship,everyone...and the future!
本句是祝酒词,由“Here’s to+事物名词!”构成(Here’s是Here is的缩写形式),表示“为......而干杯!”
Here's to your success!为你的成功干杯!
Here’s to your new work!为你的新工作干杯!
Unit 2
1. I’m very proud that you have chosen me to speak to you today.
句中用了“be proud+that引导的宾语从句”结构。proud是形容词,意为“自豪的”,可以作表语或定语。它后面的that you... you today是that引导的宾语从句,作形容词proud的宾语。
Our football team is proud that it has won every match this year.我们的足球队对今年战无不胜很自豪。
知识回顾 proud的其他搭配:
(1)be proud of意为“为......感到自豪”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语,接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式。
Peter is proud of his father.
彼得为自己的父亲而感到自豪。
I’m proud of my motherland. 我为我的祖国感到自豪。
He is proud of being the champion.
他因成为冠军而自豪。
(2)be proud to do sth表示“为做某事而感到骄傲”(动词不定式作主语补足语)。
I’m proud to be your friend.能成为你的朋友,我感到自豪。
2. These are to thank three groups of people for the three most important things that I have learnt.
【注释1】本句用的是“主语(These)+谓语(are)+to do sth.”句型。these指前句提到的three roses。to thank three groups...learnt是动词不定式结构作表语,说明目的。
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。
知识归纳 动词不定式作表语时通常指具体的动作或将要发生的动作,用于描述主语的性质或解释主语的内容。它的主语要用表示“事物”的词语或主语从句,其他句型如下:
1.主语(事物)+be+to be+名词.
My dream is to be a doctor.我的梦想是成为一名医生。
2.主语从句+be+to do sth.
What strikes me most is to see him always busy.让我感到最惊讶的是见到他总是忙碌。
知识拓展 “人+be+to do sth.”表示“即将做某事”。be to是情态动词短语,表示计划或安排。
He is to clean the room.他即将去打扫房间。
【注释2】句中 thank three groups of people for the three most important things用的是“thank sb for sth”短语,表示“因为某物感谢某人”。that I have learnt是由that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the three most important things。由于先行词是含有形容词最高级的事物名词,此时关系代词that不能与which互换使用。that在该定语从句中作have learnt的宾语,它可以省略。
Thank you for your warm hospitality.
谢谢你们的热情款待。
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever spent.
这是我度过的最美好的时光。
3.But they were not laughing at me.
句中用了laugh at短语,表示“嘲笑、取笑”。它是“不及物动词+介词”类型的短语动词,要接表示“人”的词作宾语,也可以接宾语从句。
Don’t laugh at me. I am just a beginner.别笑我。我只是个初学者。
You always laugh at what I have done.你总是嘲笑我做过的事情。
4.thanks to their kindness
kindness是由形容词kind+名词后缀ness构成的不可数名词,意为“善举、好意”。
I wish I could do something in return for her kindness.
我希望我能做点什么事情以报答她的好意。
小贴士 ness是名词后缀,常放在某些形容词的后面将形容词变成对应的名词。
dark黑暗的—darkness 黑暗
5.So,let me say“xiexie”again to all of you for your help.
all of you表示“你们所有人”。all在此作代词,表示“(三者或三者以上)所有”,构成all of短语,可以接人称代词的复数宾格(us/you/them)构成短语。该短语作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
All of them were late for school in the morning.
他们所有人早上上学都迟到了。
知识回顾 all of的其他用法
(1)all of接复数可数名词作主语时名词前面可以用the/形容词性物主代词等作修饰语。该结构作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。
All of the teachers are fond of the students who do their homework carefully.
所有的老师都喜欢认真做作业的学生。
(2)all of接不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
All of the water in the sea is salty.
海里的水都是咸的。
6.I give the white rose to my teachers,who have taught me that there is no success without effort.
(1)I give... my teachers是主句,who...without effort是由关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰my teachers,who在该定语从句中作主语。who引导非限制性定语从句放在句中时要用逗号将它与前后内容隔开,放在句末时要逗号将它与前面内容隔开。who引导非限制性定语从句时要修饰人,用于补充说明,可以作主语或宾语。不管who在该从句中作什么成分,都不能省略,也不能与关系代词that互换使用。如果who的前面没有介词,而且在从句中作宾语,可以与关系代词whom互换使用。
Our headmaster,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.
我们的校长,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。(who...Canadian是who引导的非限制性定语从句,who在该从句中作主语)
Please give the book to Jessica, who/whom we met in the hall just now.
请把这本书交给杰西卡,就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。(who we...just now是who引导的定语从句,who在该从句中作met的宾语,可以与whom互换使用)
(2)在who引导的非限制性定语从句中,that there is no success without effort是that引导的宾语从句,作have taught的直接宾语。在书面语中,that引导的宾语从句作直接宾语时that不省略。该宾语从句中用了“否定词...without”结构,表示“没有...就不...”,是双重否定结构表示肯定含义,起加强语气的作用。without effort是without引导的介词短语作条件状语。without意为“没有”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语,接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式。该结构除了作条件状语,还可以作伴随状语、原因状语、后置定语或表语。
We can’t finish the task on time without him.
如果没有他,我们不能按时完成任务。(without him作条件状语)
He walked away in anger, without giving a look at anyone around him.
他怒气冲冲地走开了,看都不看身边的人一眼。(without giving... him是with+V-ing结构作伴随状语)
Without enough money, the little boy had no choice but to accept the smallest toy.
由于没有足够的钱,小男孩只有接受最小的礼物,别无选择。(Without enough money作原因状语)
This is the house without a balcony.
这是一个没有凉台的房子。(without a balcony作后置定语修饰the house)
We were without electricity for three hours but it’s on again now.
我们的电停了3小时,现在又有了。(without electricity作表语)
7. I just wanted to give up
give up在此是“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语动词,意为“放弃”。它的主语通常是人,还可以用在祈使句中。
I never give up.我绝不放弃。
Don’t give up,or I will punish you!不准放弃,否则我将惩罚你!
知识归纳 give up还可以作“及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“放弃”,可以接表示“事物”的词作宾语,接名词时名词放在up的前后都可以,接代词时代词要放在up的前面。它接动词作宾语时动词要变为V-ing形式。
She gave up her job to look after her mother.
她放弃了工作去照顾她母亲。
The puzzle is too difficult. I want to give it up.
这个谜语太难猜了,我想放弃。
To give up smoking is to save yourself.戒烟是挽救你自已。
知识回顾 give的其他短语如下:
(1)give away是“及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“捐赠”。
I don’t need these toys.I will give them away.我不需要这些玩具。我将把它们捐出来。
(2)give out是“及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“分发”。
I intend to buy ten books and then give them out to my brother and sister.
我打算买10本书,然后把它们发给我的弟弟妹妹。
8.but I’ve learnt to try my best,not only with running but with whatever else I want to do
learn to do sth表示“学习做某事”的用法;try one’s best表示“尽某人最大努力”的用法;not only...but also...表示“不仅...而且...”的用法;whatever【注释1】句中’ve learnt to try my best用的是“learn to do sth”结构,表示“学习做某事”。learn作及物动词,意为“学习”,侧重学习的成果,可以接表示“事物”的名词、宾语从句作宾语。它接动词作宾语时动词要变为动词不定式,不能用V-ing结构。
Their children are going to learn swimming.
他们的孩子们打算学游泳。(swimming在此作名词,不是swim的V-ing形式)
We should learn what we can not know.
我们应该学习我们不知道的内容。
Let’s learn to play football.我们学习踢足球吧。
【注释2】动词不定式部分用了try one’s best短语,表示“尽某人最大努力”,one’s要用形容词性物主代词,要与主语的人称保持一致。表示“尽某人最大努力做某事”用try one’s best to do sth结构。
Anne tries her best to learn English.
安妮尽最大努力学习英语。
【注释3】not only with running but with...do用的是not only...but...结构,表示“不但...而且”,but的后面省略了also。not only和but(also)要连接两个并列对等的结构,可以作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语等成分,强调的是but(also)后面的内容。文中接的是两个由介词with引导的短语作伴随状语,with在此表示“在......方面”。
She not only sang but danced at the party.
聚会上她不仅唱了歌,而且还跳了舞。(not only... but...连接两个动词过去式sang和danced作谓语)
He is not only brave but also wise.
他不仅勇敢,而且有头脑。(not only...but also连接两个形容词brave和wise作is的表语)
This is not only the newest but the most expensive car.
这不仅是最新型的车,而且是最昂贵的车。(not only...but also连接两个形容词最高级the newest和 the most expensive作定语修饰car)
He can play not only football but also basketball.
他不但会踢足球,还会打篮球。(not only...but also连接名词football和basketball作can play的宾语)
The girl uses her cell phone not only at home but also in school.
那个女孩不仅在家里用手机,而且在学校也用手机。(not only...but also方位介词短语at home和in school作地点状语)
He still has a serious problem with money.他手头儿还是很紧。
【注释4】whatever else I want to do是由whatever引导的宾语从句,作介词with的宾语。whatever意为“任何事物”,在该从句中作to do的宾语。它引导宾语从句时在从句中还可以作主语或定语。
He watches whatever he wants until late at night.
他想看什么就看什么,直到深夜。(whatever he wants... night是宾语从句,whatever在该从句中作wants的宾语)
Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.
给我谈谈任何使你烦恼的事。(whatever is troubling you是宾语从句,whatever在该从句中作主语,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式)
Goats eat whatever food they can find.
山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。(whatever food...find是宾语从句,whatever在该从句中作定语修饰food)
知识归纳whatever的其他用法:
1.意为“任何事物”时还可以引导主语从句。
Whatever he said was right.
他说的任何话都是对的。 (Whatever he said是主语从句,whatever在该从句中作said的宾语)
2.意为“无论什么”,引导让步状语从句,可以与no matter what互换使用。
Whatever/No matter what you say,I won’t let you go.
无论你说什么,我都不会让你走的。
【注释5】else在此作形容词,意为“其他的”,作后置定语修饰whatever。else作形容词时可以放在疑问代词whatever、what或who的后面作定语,还可以放在含有-one、-body、-thing、 -where 结尾的复合词的后面作定语。
What else can we do? 我们还能做什么?
Who else was at the party? 晚会上还有谁?
Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧。
Does anyone else know about it?还有别的什么人知道这件事吗?
Everything else depended upon that. 其他一切都靠那个决定。
There is nowhere else for me to go. 我没有别的地方可去。
用法辨析 other和else作形容词表示“其他的”的区别:
1. other要作前置定语修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词,else不作前置定语修饰名词。
2. other不作定语修饰疑问词或复合不定代词,else可以。
What other information would you like us to know about your child?
还有什么其他关于您孩子的信息是您想让我们知道的吗?
What other things do you want to buy?你想买其他什么东西吗?
知识拓展 else作副词时意为“其他”,放在疑问副词的后面作定语。
Why else will she send me away? 还有其他理由让她将我送走吗?
When else can I meet you?我其他什么时间可以与你见面?
9.I was disappointed.
disappointed是形容词,意为“失望的、沮丧的”,描述人的感受,指“感到失望”,可以作表语,也可以作前置定语描述人或与人有关的事物,比如人的表情。它可以构成be disappointed with短语,表示“对......失望”。
Amy says she was very disappointed with Lucy's decision.
艾米说她对露西的决定非常失望。
I read a disappointed expression on his face.
我看到他脸上露出了失望的表情。
词语辨析 disappointing与disappointed作形容词的区别:
disappointing意为“令人失望的”,可以作表语或定语描述人或事物。
The wine was excellent, but the food was disappointing.酒棒极了,但饭菜却令人失望。
He is a disappointing man.
他是个令人失望的人。
How do you explain the disappointing report card?
你如何解释这个令人失望的成绩单?
10.I woke up to find a beautiful violin at my bedside.
句中woke up是wake up的过去式,在此是“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语,其后不接宾语。
He often wakes up at 7 o’clock in the morning.他常常早上7点醒。
知识归纳 wake up作及物动词短语时意为“叫醒”,通常接表示“人”的词作宾语。它接名词时名词放在up前后都可以,接代词时代词要放在up的前面。
Don’t wake up my mother.不要叫醒我妈妈。
You can wake him up.你可以弄醒他。
11.the people whom you want to thank for it
whom you want to thank for it是由关系代词whom引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the people。whom是关系代词who的宾格,在该定语从句中作to thank的宾语。此时它可以与关系代词that/who互换使用,也可以省略。
She is the girl(whom/that/who)you are looking for.
她是你正在寻找的女孩。(whom you are looking for是定语从句,whom作介词for的宾语,可以省略,也可以换成关系代词who/that)
Unit 3
1. 宾语从句:放在及物动词、心理状态的形容词、介词或“及物动词+副词”类型的短语的后面作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。不管宾语从句的引导词是什么,从句一律用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语(+其他.)”结构。
【注释1】that引导宾语从句的用法:
1. that引导宾语从句时常放在心理活动类名词、表示“听、说、问、教”等具有肯定含义的及物动词后面作宾语。它没有含义,只起连接作用,在从句中不作成分,通常可以省略。
I think(that)he will invite me.我想他会邀请我。
2.在正式文本中,下列情况中的引导词that不省略。
(1)介词except后面接的that引导的宾语从句。
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
(2)that引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语。
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
(3)引导词that的后面接了状语从句。
She said that if she came back early, she would come for the meeting.
她说,如果早回来的话就来参加会议。
(4)it作形式宾语。
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。
(5)宾语从句中的主语是this/that或this/that+单数名词。
He said that this was not his book, but his sister’s. 他说这不是他的书,是他姐姐的书。
He says that that man will teach us English.他说那个男人将教我们英语。
(6)宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语。
I tell them that they must clean the classroom.我告诉他们必须打扫教室。
(7)一个句子含有两个that引导的宾语从句时,通常情况下第一个that可以省略,第二个that不省略。
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it.
他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。
【注释2】whether和if表示“是否”引导宾语从句的异同点:
相同点:whether和if都可以把or not放在宾语从句的句末,通常可以互换使用。
He asked me whether/if I could help him. 他问我我是否可以帮他。
I don’t know whether/if he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。
不同点:
1.whether可以直接接or not,if不可以。
Please tell me whether or not you agree.请告诉我你是否同意。
2.介词后面用whether,不用if。
It depends on whether he can solve the problem.那取决于他能否解决这个问题。
【注释3】疑问词引导宾语从句的用法:
1.what作疑问代词时意为“什么”,引导宾语从句时可以询问事物、职业或主语所做的事情,在宾语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分,它作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。what作疑问形容词时意为“什么”,作定语修饰名词。
I know what makes him so happy.
我知道什么让他这么开心。(what makes...happy是宾语从句,what在该从句中作主语,谓语动词用make的第三人称单数形式)
I don’t know what he is.
我不知道他是做什么的。(what he is是宾语从句,what在该从句中作is的表语)
Can you tell me what you are doing now?
你能告诉我你正在做什么吗?(what... doing now是宾语从句,what在该从句中作are doing的宾语)
Do you know what color it is?
你知道这是什么颜色吗?(what color it is是宾语从句,what在该从句中作定语修饰color)
2.which作疑问代词时“哪一个”,在宾语从句中可以作主语、宾语等成分,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。它作疑问形容词时其后要接名词或one。
I wonder which is Tom’s bag.
我想知道哪个是汤姆的书包。(which is Tom’s bag是宾语从句,which在该从句中作主语,谓语动词用了be动词的第三人称单数形式is)
Can you tell me which you like better, surfing or skating?
你可以告诉我,冲浪,溜冰,你更喜欢哪一个吗?(which you like...skating是宾语从句,which在该从句中作及物动词like的宾语)
We wonder which one is Linda’s mother among them.
我们想知道她们中哪一个是琳达的母亲。(which one...them是宾语从句,which作定语修饰one)
特别关注 which是在特定的范围内作选择,what是在一个相当大而且界限不清的范围内选择。
Do you know which the biggest animal on land is, the panda, the tiger or the elephant?
你知道哪个是陆地上最大的动物,熊猫,老虎还是象? (在熊猫,老虎,象三者之间选择)
I wonder what the biggest animal is on land. 我想知道什么是陆地上最大的动物。 (在陆地上所有的动物中选择,范围太大)
3.who意为“谁”,引导宾语从句时用于询问人,在宾语从句中可以作主语、表语、宾语。它作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
I wonder who breaks the window.
我想知道谁打碎了这扇窗户。(who breaks the window是宾语从句。who在该从句中作主语,谓语动词用break的第三人称单数形式)
I wonder who he is.
我想知道他是谁。(who he is是宾语从句,who作is的表语)
Can you tell me who you hate?
你可以告诉我你讨厌谁吗?(who you hate是宾语从句,who在该从句中作及物动词hate的宾语)
4.whom意为“谁”,是who的宾格,在宾语从句中作宾语,不作主语。它作宾语时可以与who互换使用。
I want to know whom/who you are waiting for ?
我想知道你在等谁?(whom/who... for是宾语从句,whom/who在该从句中作介词for的宾语)
5.when意为“何时”,引导宾语从句时询问时间,在宾语从句中作时间状语或表语。
—Please tell me when you will come.
请告诉我你什么时候会来。(when you will come是宾语从句,when在该从句中作时间状语)
—About in the evening.大约晚上。
—Please tell me when your birthday is.
请告诉我你的生日是在什么时候。(when your birthday is是宾语从句,when在该从句中作is的表语)
—It is on April 16th.在4月16日。
6.where意为“哪里”,引导宾语从句时询问地点,在宾语从句中作地点状语或表语。
—I know where he lives.
我知道他住在哪里。(where he lives是宾语从句,where在该从句中作地点状语)
Can you tell me where she is?
你能告诉我她在哪里吗?(where she is是宾语从句,where在该从句中作is的表语)
7.why意为“为什么”,引导宾语从句时询问原因,在宾语从句中作原因状语。回答时可以用“Because+句子.”或表示目的的动词不定式。
—You must tell us why you are late for school.
你必须告诉我们你为什么上学迟到。(why...for school是why引导宾语从句)
—Because I am sick.因为我生病了。
—I wonder why you come to Wuhan.
我想知道你为什么来武汉。(why... to Wuhan是why引导的宾语从句)
—To visit my relatives.为了拜访我的亲戚。
8.how意为“多么”,引导宾语从句时作程度状语修饰形容词原级或副词原级。它意为“如何”时询问方式,在宾语从句中作方式状语。
He was asked how serious the situation had become.
他被问起情况已经变得有多严重。(how serious...become是宾语从句,how修饰形容词原级serious)
I want to know how fast he can run.
我想知道他能跑多快。(how fast... run是宾语从句,how修饰副词原级fast)
—Do you remember how he came?
—你还记得他怎么来的吗?(how he came是宾语从句,how在该从句中作方式状语)
—Yes.He came by taxi.—记得。他坐出租车来的。
【注释4】宾语从句的时态呼应原则:
1.主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据从句的时间状语或句意来确定。
I don’t know whether he will come tomorrow.我不知道他是否明天会来。
I heard of that you bought a new bike yesterday.我听说你昨天买了一辆新自行车。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句可以用与过去相关的时态,比如一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时。
He said he could do the dishes alone.他说他能独自一个人洗盘子。
He said he had worked here since 1949.他说他自从1949年以来他就在这里工作。
She said she would start at once.她说她将立即出发。
【注释5】宾语从句的时态不一致原则:
1.主句是一般过去时,在以下几种情况中宾语从句仍用现在时。
(1)宾语从句是客观真理、自然科学现象、谚语等内容。
Once upon a time, people didn’t know that the earth moves around the sun.
很久以前,人们并不知道地球围绕着太阳转。
My parents told me that practice makes perfect.我父母告诉我熟能生巧。
(2)宾语从句表示反复出现或习惯性的动作。
He asked me when the train usually starts.他问我这辆火车通常何时发车。
(3)宾语从句的谓语在转述时仍然在继续,表示此刻仍存在的状况。(转述即主句含有tell,say等表示说的动词)
She told me the other day that she is only six.几天前,她告诉我她只有6岁。
(4)从句谓语在讲话人讲话时尚未发生,从句可以用一般现在时或现在进行时,强调该动作与现在有联系,是之后会发生或要进行的动作。
I said you need to keep quiet if the red light is on.我说如果红灯亮你们就需要保持安静。
He said that he is trying to repair his car.他说他正在设法修理小汽车。
【注释6】含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换原则:
1.主句谓语动词是hope,decide,agree,promise等及物动词,其后接了that引导宾语从句。主从句的主语是同一个人,that引导的宾语从句可以简化为动词不定式结构。
I hope that I will go to university one day.
=I hope to go to university one day.我希望有一天能上大学。
He promises that he will help me.
=He promises to help me.他答应帮助我。
2.主句的谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell等及物动词,其后接了疑问词引导的宾语从句。主从句的主语是同一个人,可以将疑问词引导的宾语从句转化为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。(疑问副词why不用于这种转换)
Kate didn’t know what she should do.
=Kate didn’t know what to do.凯特不知道该做什么
3.主句的谓语动词是ask,show,tell,teach等及物动词,其后接了sb(间接宾语)+whether或疑问词引导的宾语从句(直接宾语)。从句的主语和间接宾语是同一个人,该从句可以转化为“疑问词+动词不定式”。(why和if不用于这种转换)
Could you tell me how I can get to the park?
=Could you tell me how to get to the park?你能告诉我怎样去公园吗?
二.定语从句:一个简单句跟在名词或代词的后面进行修饰限定,这样的句子是定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词是先行词,定语从句的引导词叫关系词。
【注释1】分类:定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。初中常考到的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose。
1.限制性定语从句要直接跟在先行词的后面,有两种类型。
第一种:主句+定语从句.
第二种:主句的一部分+定语从句+主句其余部分.
2.非限制性定语从句要用逗号将它与主句部分隔开,有三种类型。
第一种:非限制性定语从句+逗号+主句.
第二种:主句的一部分+逗号+非限制性定语从句+逗号+主句其余部分.
第三种:主句+逗号+非限制性定语从句.
【注释2】that作关系代词时只引导限制性定语从句,可以修饰表示“人、事物、动物”的先行词,在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。它在该从句中作主语时不能省略,作宾语或表语时可以省略。
The bag that lies on the ground is hers.
地上的那个包是她的。(that... ground是that引导的定语从句修饰the bag,that在该从句中作主语,不省略)
The old man (that) I visited yesterday is my teacher.
我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。(that...yesterday是that引导的定语从句修饰the old man,that在该从句中作visited的宾语,可以省略)
He doesn't seem to be the man (that) he was ten years ago.
他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。(that...ago是that引导的定语从句修饰the man,that在该从句中作was的表语,可以省略)
【注释3】which既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。它引导定语从句时修饰表示“事物、动物”的先行词,在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
1.which在限制性定语从句中作主语不省略,作表语或宾语可以省略。它引导限制性从句修饰事物名词时通常可以与that互换使用。
The witch lives in a house which/that has no windows.
那个女巫住在一个没有窗户的房子里。(which... windows是which引导的限制性定语从句修饰house,which可以与that互换使用,它在该从句中作主语,不能省略)
The dog(which/that)she gives me is cute.
她送给我的那只狗很可爱。(which... me是which引导的限制性定语从句修饰dog,which可以与that互换使用。它在该从句中作gives的直接宾语,可以省略)
Shanghai is no longer the city(which/that)it used to be.
上海再也不是过去的上海了。(which...be是which引导的限制性定语从句修饰city,which可以与that互换使用。它作be的表语,可以省略)
2.which引导非限制性定语从句时要放在句中或句末。它放在句中时要用逗号将它与前后部分隔开,放在句末时要用逗号将它与前面的主句隔开。which指代主句的一部分或整个主句,不管它在该从句中作什么成分,都不能省略。
Lily is fond of her new cell phone, which her father bought for her in Hong Kong.
莉莉很喜欢她的新手机,这是她父亲在香港为她买的。(which...Kong是非限制性定语从句修饰new cell phone,which在该从句中作bought的宾语)
He didn’t tell me any news, which upset me.
他没有告诉我任何消息,这使我很不安。(which upset me是非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个主句,which在该从句中作主语)
【注释4】在以下情况中,定语从句要用that引导,不能用which引导。
1.先行词是表示事物的复合不定代词。
I have something that is worth reading.我有一些值得读的东西。
2.先行词是“the+形容词最高级+名词(事物或动物)”。
He is the cleverest student that I have seen. 他是我见过的最聪明的学生。
The snake is the scariest animal that I have ever seen.
这条蛇是我看到过的最可怕的动物。
3.先行词是“only+名词(事物或动物)”。
The only thing(that)we can do is to give you some money.我们唯一能做的是给你一些钱。
4.先行词既有人,又有事物。
Do you know the things and persons(that)they are talking about?
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事情吗?
5.先行词是“the/形容词性物主代词+序数词+名词(事物)”。
This is the first book(that) he wrote.这是他写的第一本书。
6.先行词是表示“事物”的名词,其后的定语从句是there be句型。
I must make full use of the time(that)there is left to me.
我必须充分利用我剩下的时间。
7.主句有疑问词which。
Which is the bike that you lost?你丢失的是哪辆自行车?
8.一个句子中含有两个定语从句,而且先行词都是事物或动物,第一个定语从句用了which引导,另一个定语从句要用that引导。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before。
爱迪生办了一个工厂,生产过去从未见过的东西。(had never been seen是过去完成时的被动语态)
【注释5】在现代语法中,以下情况中的定语从句要用which引导,不用that引导。
1.which可以引导非限制性定语从句,that不引导非限制性定语从句。
In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。
2.which可以放在介词的后面,构成“介词 + which”结构引导的定语从句,that不可以。
He earned a lot of money with which he bought a new car.
他赚了不少钱。用这些钱,他买了一部新车。
【注释6】who作关系代词时既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。它引导定语从句时要修饰表示“人”的先行词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
(1) who在限制性定语从句中作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略,通常可以与that互换使用。
This is the teacher who/that teaches us English.
这是教我们英语的老师。(who...English是who引导的限制性定语从句修饰teacher。who在该从句中作主语,不能省略,可以与that互换使用)
She is the girl (who/that) I met at the party.
她是我在晚会上遇见的那个女孩。(who...party是who引导的限制性定语从句修饰girl,who在该从句中作met的宾语,可以省略,可以与that互换使用)
(2) who引导非限制性定语从句时要放在句中或句末。它放在句中时要用逗号将它与前后部分隔开,放在句末时要用逗号将它与前面的主句隔开。不管who在该从句中作什么成分,都不能省略。
The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand.
一个专心钻研某个复杂问题的知识分子,为了搞好手头的研究,要把一切都协调一致,组织周密。(who is...problem是非限制性定语从句,who在该从句中作主语)
特别关注 在以下先行词是人的情况中,关系代词who与that不能互换使用:
1.who可以引导非限制性定语从句,that不引导非限制性定语从句。
2.先行词是指人的one、ones、those和anyone时,定语从句用who引导。
One who does not work hard will never succeed.
不努力工作的人将不会成功。
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
任何违法的人都应该受到惩罚。
She is the only one of the students who has been to the UK.
她是唯一一个去过英国的学生。
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
3.在there be句型中,先行词是人时,定语从句要用who引导。
There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
外面有一个同志想要见你。
4.先行词是人而且有较长的后置定语,定语从句要用who引导。
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.
昨天,在街上,我遇到一位能用汉语问我问题的外国人。
5.一个句子中含有两个定语从句,而且先行词都是人,一个定语从句用that引导,另一个定语从句要用who引导。
The student that wins the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
获得一等奖的学生是刻苦学习的班长。
7.在限制性定语从句中that可以作表语,who通常不作表语。
She is not the brilliant dancer that she used to be.
她不再是过去那个优秀的舞蹈家了。
【注释7】关系代词whom是who的宾格,引导定语从句时要修饰表示“人”的先行词,在定语从句中作宾语。它引导限制性定语从句时通常可以与关系代词that/who互换,也可以省略。它引导非限制性定语从句时可以放在句中或句末,放在句中时要用逗号将它与前后部分隔开,放在句末时要用逗号将它与前面的主句隔开。whom引导非限制性定语从句时通常可以与who互换使用,不与that互换使用,不能省略。
He is the man (whom/that/who) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(whom... yesterday是whom引导的限制性定语从句修饰the man,它在该从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略,也可以与that/who互换使用)
Peter, whom/who you met in London, is now back in Paris.
彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。(whom... London是whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰Peter,它在该从句中作met的宾语,可以与who互换使用)
This is Jack,whom/who you haven’t met before.
这是杰克,你以前没见过。(whom... met before是whom引导的非限制性定语从句,whom在该从句中作宾语,不能省略,可以与who互换使用)
特别关注 以下情况中whom不能与关系代词who或that互换使用。
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不用whom,可以用who或that。
This is the man who/that usually gives me some advice.这就是经常给我一些建议的男人。
2.关系代词的前面有介词时要用whom,不用who或that。
China has about 1.3 billion people, of whom 70% are farmers.
中国大约有13亿人口,其中70%是农民。
【注释8】whose是关系代词,既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。它引导非限制性定语从句时要放在句中或句末,放在句中时要用逗号将它与前后部分隔开,放在句末时要用逗号将它与前面的主句隔开。它引导定语从句时可以修饰表示“人、事物”的先行词,在定语从句中作定语,不能省略。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。(whose...green是whose引导的限制性定语从句修饰the book,whose在该从句中作定语修饰cover,与cover一起作主语)
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
那位父亲是位工程师小男孩学习很努力。(whose...engineer是whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰the boy,whose在该从句中作定语修饰father,与father一起作主语)
I have seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous.
我看过《泰坦尼克号》这部电影,它的男主演是世界闻名的。(whose leading actor...famous是非限制性定语从句修饰 the film Titanic,whose在该从句中作定语修饰leading actor)
考点聚焦
1.考点:感官动词要接形容词作表语。
—Have you heard the song Stay Here Forever?
—Yes. It sounds _______.
A. well B. loudly C. sweet D. beautifully
解析:空所在句表示“—你听过歌曲《永远留在这里》吗?”—是的。它听起来_____。”sound作感官动词,意为“听起来”,要接形容词作表语。结合句意,可知要填表示“甜美的”的sweet,因此选C。
干扰项分析:well作形容词时意为“健康的”,不符合句意。loudly和beautifully是副词,不放在感官动词的后面,排除ABD。
2.考点:look表示“看起来”,taste表示“尝起来”,feel表示“感到”。
(1)There are so many fish swimming in the pool. They _______ very happy.
A. taste B. smell C. sound D. look
解析:空所在句表示“它们_____非常开心。”根据关键词very happy(非常开心),可知要填表示“看起来”的look,因此选D。
(2)—I _______ sick. I may have a fever.
—You’d better go to see a doctor.
A. feel B. look C. sound
解析:题干表示“—我____不舒服。”结合关键句“I may have a fever.(我也许发烧了。)”可知应填表示“感到”的feel,因此选A。
(3)These oranges look nice, but ______ very sour.
A. feel B. taste C. sound D. look
解析:题干表示“这些橘子看起来很好,但_____非常酸。”结合关键词very sour(非常酸),可知应填表示“尝起来”的taste,故选B。
3. 考点:回答反意疑问句时,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”,否定回答用“No,主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not.”(be动词/助动词/情态动词要与附加疑问部分保持一致)。反意疑问句是前肯后否类型,yes表示“是”,no表示“不”。该问句是前否后肯类型,yes表示“不”,no表示“是”。
(1)—You have joined the Singing Club, haven’t you?
—______ . I like singing, but I don’t have any time.
A. Yes,I do B. No,I don’t C. Yes, I have D. No, I haven’t
解析:题干表示“—你加入了唱歌俱乐部,是吗?—_______。”第一句是反意疑问句,根据have joined,可知该疑问句是前肯后否类型,时态是现在完成时,答语中的助动词要与它保持一致,用have或haven’t,排除A、B两项。根据关键句but I don’t have any time(但我没时间),可判断答语是否定回答,前肯后否的反意疑问句的否定回答要用no表示“不”,因此选D。
(2)—Sam didn’t go to school yesterday, did he?
—___________. He was ill yesterday.
A. Yes, he did B. No, he did C. No, he didn’t D. Yes, he didn’t
解析:题干表示“—萨姆昨天没上学,是吗?—_______。”第一句是反意疑问句,助动词是did,答语用“Yes,主语+did.”或“No,主语+didn’t.”,排除B、D两项。第一句属于前否后肯类型,回答时yes表示“不”,no表示“是”。根据关键句“He was ill yesterday.(他昨天生病了。)” 可知答语是对反意疑问句的肯定回答,要用no,因此选C。
4.考点:“Pardon?”用于请求对方再说一遍。
—_____?I didn't hear what you said.
A.So what B.Pardon C.Really D.All right
解析:题干意为“—约翰,请打开窗户。—______?”结合关键句“I didn't hear what you said.(我没听清楚你说了什么)”,可知约翰希望对方再说一遍,要用“Pardon?”,故选B。
干扰项分析:So what?表示“那又怎么样?” Really表示“真的吗?” All right?表示“明白吗?” 不符合题干语境,排除ACD。
5.考点:fetch意为“去拿来”,构成fetch sth for sb结构,表示“把某物拿来给某人”,强调一去一来两个过程。
—Sam, my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you_______ it for me?
—No problem.
A.bring B. fetch C. take D. carry
解析:题干意为“—萨姆,我的苹果手机在卧室里。你能为我___它吗?—没问题。”______it for me用的是“所填词+sth for sb”结构,fetch用于该结构表示“把某物拿来给某人”,指一去一来两个过程,符合句意,因此选B。
6.考点:be proud of是固定搭配,表示“为......感到自豪”。
Frank is an independent boy. His parents are proud ____ him.
A) On B)to C) in D)of
解析:由于be proud of是固定搭配,故选A。
7.考点:I hope so.表示“我希望如此。” so替代前句中的内容。
—The weather report says we will expect a sunny day tomorrow.
—____. I am going to go climbing with my classmates.
A. Bad luck B. I hope so C. Sounds terrible D. I'm afraid so
解析:题干表示“—天气预报预计明天是晴天。—______。”结合关键句“I...climbing with my classmates.(我打算和同学去爬山。)”,可知要填表示“我希望如此。”的I hope so.(so替代第一句中的a sunny day tomorrow),故选B。
8.考点:without表示“没有”,引导的介词短语作伴随状语或条件状语。
(1)—Reading is a good way to spend the time on the plane.
—That’s true. I never go travelling ________ a book.
A. without B. from C. on D. about
解析:题干表示“我从来不会______书去旅游。”________ a book作伴随状语,选项中的without是介词,意为“没有”,引导的短语可以作伴随状语,符合句意,因此选A。
(2)—Jack, is maths difficult to learn in high school?
—Sure. No subject can be learned well_______hard work.
A. without B. through C. by D. with
解析:题干表示“没有一门学科是可以_____努力学好的。”______ your help作条件状语,选项中的without是介词,意为“没有”,引导的短语可以作条件状语,符合句意,因此选A。
9. 考点:give away表示“捐赠”,give out表示“分发”,give up表示“放弃”。
(1)All the members decided to_______the money from the book sale to homeless people.
A. give up B.give away C.take up D.take away
解析:题干意为“所有成员决定把卖书所得的钱_____给无家可归的人。”结合关键词the money(钱)和homeless people(无家可归的人),可知要填表示“捐赠”的give away,故选B。
(2)—Would you please help me________the invitations to all my friend?
—Sure.You’d better let me know their phone numbers.
A.make up B.clean out C.give out
解析:空所在句表示“请你帮我把这些请柬______我所有的朋友,好吗?”根据句意,可知要填表示“分发”的give out,因此选C。
(3)Although many great people ever failed, they never_______and managed to succeed.
A. set out B. stayed up C. kept on D. gave up
解析:题干表示“他们从未_______并设法成功”根据关键词never(从未)和managed to succeed(设法成功),可知应填表示“放弃”的give up的过去式,因此选D。
10.考点:give up作及物动词短语时意为“放弃”,接代词时代词要放在up的前面。
—I find it difficult to learn English well. I want to drop it.
—English is very important in our daily life. Never _______.
A.give up it B.give it up C.give away it D.give it away
解析:题干表示“不要_____。”结合关键句“English is...daily life.(英语在我们的日常生活中非常重要。)”,可知所填词表示“放弃”,排除C、D两项。由于give up接代词时代词要放在up的前面,因此选B。
11.考点:try one’s best表示“尽某人最大努力”,one’s要用形容词性物主代词,要与主语的人称保持一致。try one’s best接动词时动词要变为动词不定式。
(1)I don’t know whether the dream can come true,but I will try___best.(I)
解析:由于try one’s best中的one’s要用形容词性物主代词,要与主语的人称保持一致。主语是第一人称单数代词I,故填my。
真题链接:
(2)Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let’s try our best_____them.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps
解析:题干中的 try our best_____用的是“try one’s best+所填词”结构,能用于该结构的是动词不定式,因此选C。
12.考点:else修饰疑问词或复合不定代词时要后置,其后不接名词。
(1)—What_______do you have to do besides______the room at home?
—I have to take out the trash.
A.else;cleaning B.else;clean C.other;cleaning D.other;clean
解析:第一空后面没有名词,else的后面不接名词,other的后面要接名词,排除C、D两项。beside在此是介词,意为“除......之外(还有)”,接动词时动词要用V-ing形式,因此选A。
(2)— Would you like______to drink?
— Yes, I’ d like a cup of coffee.
A. something else B. else something C. anything else D. else anything
解析:题干意为“—你想要______喝的吗?—好的,我想要杯咖啡。”第一句是“Would you like......?”句型,表示委婉的请求,而且希望得到对方的肯定答复,要用something,不用anything。由于else修饰复合不定代词时要后置,故选A。
13.考点:宾语从句要用陈述语序,从句要用“引导词+主语+谓语+其他.”结构。
(1)—Do you know_______tomorrow?
—Sorry, I don't know. You may surf the internet.
A.whether will it rain B. if it will rain C. whether does it rain
解析:_______tomorrow是宾语从句作know的宾语,从句要用陈述语序(主语要放在谓语的前面),选项中只有if it will rain是“引导词+主语+谓语”结构,因此选B。
(2)Johnny made up his mind to give up smoking.He is thinking about_______.
A.how he can make it B.how can he make it C.how will he make it
解析:所提内容放在 is thinking about,可知是宾语从句。由于宾语从句要用陈述语序,从句中的主语必须放在谓语动词的前面,因此选A。
(3)—Lucy, could you help me find out ______ with my smart phone?
—OK, I’m coming.
A. what the matter is B. what the matter was C. what was wrong D. what is the matter
解析:______ with my smart phone是宾语从句,作find out的宾语,要用陈述语序,选项中的what was wrong和what is the matter都是“主语+谓语+其他.”结构(what作主语),排除A、B两项。第二句用了现在进行时,可判断本题描述现在发生的事情,从句要用现在时,因此选D。
14.考点:whether表示“是否”,引导宾语从句时在从句中不作成分。
一Are you going camping this afternoon?
—A typhoon is coming.I'm not sure _______the road to the mountains will be closed.
A.which B.what C.whether D.why
解析:空所在句表示“我不确信去山的道路______将要被封闭。”the road...will be closed是宾语从句,从句主谓宾成分齐全,不差成分。选项中的whether表示“是否”,符合句意,引导宾语从句时不作成分,故选C。
15.考点:that引导宾语从句时没有含义,不作成分。what意为“什么”,在宾语从句中可以作宾语,询问事物或主语所作的事情。
She was so angry at _______ he was doing _______ she walked out without a word.
A. what; that B. that; what C. what; what D. that; that
解析:_______ he was doing是宾语从句,作介词at的宾语。所填词在该宾语从句中作was doing的宾语,选项中的that引导宾语从句不作成分,what引导宾语从句时在从句中可以作宾语,排除B、D两项。由于so+形容词结构+that引导的结果状语从句是固定用法,故选A。
16.考点:what表示“什么”,引导宾语从句时可以作宾语,不体现选择的范围。which表示“哪一个”,引导宾语从句时可以作宾语,体现选择的范围。
(1)You can get to know _______ your children really want by communicating with them.
A. whether B. what C. how D. which
解析:题干意为“你可以通过和你的孩子沟通来了解他们。”_______ your children...with them是宾语从句,所填词在从句中作want的宾语。选项中的what意为“什么”,引导宾语从句时在从句中可以作宾语,符合句意,故选B。
干扰项分析;whether在宾语从句中不作成分,how在宾语从句不作宾语。which在宾语从句中可以作宾语,要在小范围内作选择,不符合题意,排除ACD。
2.—Can you tell me_____would you like to choose to live in, Shenyang,Shanghai or Shenzhen?
—Shenyang, I think.
A. how B. who C. what D. which
解析:题干表示“你能告诉我你想住在_____,沈阳,上海还是深圳?”_____would...Shenyang,Shanghai or Shenzhen是宾语从句,所填词作介词in的宾语,Shenyang,Shanghai or Shenzhen是选择的范围。选项中的which表示“哪一个”,引导宾语从句时在从句中可以作宾语,用于在小范围内作选择,故选D。
17.考点:whom引导宾语从句时在从句中作宾语。how引导宾语从句时在从句中作方式状语。
(1)Do you know _____I saw yesterday? It was my favorite star, Jackie!
A. whom B. when C. where D. how
解析:_____I saw yesterday是宾语从句,作know的宾语。所填词在从句中作saw的宾语,选项中只有whom引导宾语从句时可以作宾语,故选A。
(2)If you watch carefully, you can see____ the man does the trick with the cards.
A. who B. what C. how D. which
解析:题干意为“如果你仔细看,你可以看到那个男人是____在牌上做手脚。”the man ...the cards是宾语从句,从句主谓宾结构完整,缺状语。选项中只有how意为“如何”,在宾语从句中可以作方式状语,故选C。
18.考点:宾语从句疑问词的选择取决于句意或答语。when引导宾语从句时询问时间,where引导宾语从句时询问地点,how引导宾语从句时询问方式,why引导宾语从句时对原因或目的提问。
(1)—Could you tell me__________tomorrow?
—It will be sunny.
A. what will the weather be like B. what the weather will be like
C. when will the weather be sunny D. when the weather will be sunny
解析:由于宾语从句要用陈述语序,即主语(weather)要用在谓语(will be)的前面,排除A、C两项。答语部分It will be sunny.(将是晴天)说明将来的天气状况,要用 what the weather will be like询问天气,故选B。
(2)—Could you tell me_______for the fruit?
—By paying over the Internet.
A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay C. how will I pay D. how I will pay
解析:宾语从句要用陈述语序,即主语(I)要放在will pay的前面,排除A、C两项。答语部分“By paying over the Internet.”是by(通过)引导的介词短语作方式状语,询问方式要用how,因此选D。
(3)—Can you guess_______________?
—The south.She prefers rice to noodles.
A.how old she is B.what she does C.where she’s from D.who she is
解析:题干表示“—你能猜测_____________吗?”结合答语“The south.(南方),可知第一句是询问她是哪里人,要用where引导的宾语从句,故选C。
(4)—Could you tell me__________ ?
—Sure. No. 5 bus.
A.when the zoo is open B.where the zoo is C.which bus can take me to the zoo D.how far the zoo is
解析:结合答语部分“No. 5 bus.(五路车)”,可知空所在句是询问具体哪辆公交车到动物园,故选C。
(5)—Have you decided ____ the Expo 2019 Beijing?
—This summer holiday.
A. How are you going to B. how you are going to C. when are you going to D. when you are going to
解析:宾语从句要用陈述语序,即主语(you)要放在are的前面,排除A、C两项。答语部分“This summer holiday.”是具体的时间,询问具体时间用when,因此选D。
(6)—Dear friends, do you still remember ____ three years ago?
—To realize our dream!
A. why you came her B. why did you come here C. how you came here D. how did you came here
解析:宾语从句要用陈述语序,即主语(you)要放在came/come的前面,排除B、D两项。答语部分“To realize our dream!(为了实现我们的梦想)”说明目的,why引导宾语从句时可以对目的提问,因此选A。
(7)—It’s so late.Why not write the report tomorrow?
—But I don’t know_____I can do it if not now.
A. why B.when C.how D.where
解析:但我不知道如果不是现在,我____可以做这件事。”根据关键句“if not now(如果不是现在)”,可判断所填词询问时间,故选B。
(8)—I don’t know _____.
—Because he has to look after his mother.
A. why he is leaving B. why is he leaving C. whether he is leaving D. whether is he leaving
解析:宾语从句要用陈述语序,即主语(he)要放在is的前面,排除B、D两项。答语部分“Because he ... mother.(因为他必须照顾他的母亲)”说明原因,why引导宾语从句时用于询问原因,因此选A。
19.考点:主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态结合它自身情况来确定。
(1)—Could you tell me_______?
—At nine o’clock, in ten minutes.
A. how will he leave B. when he has left C. why he is leaving D. when he will leave
解析:主句Could you tell me是一般现在时,用于提出请求,所填内容要用陈述语序的宾语从句(主语he要放在谓语动词的前面)。结合答语at nine o’clock(9点钟)”,可知所填宾语从句要用when引导。主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态可以根据自身情况来确定,根据“in ten minutes(十分钟之后)”,可知从句谓语动词还没发生,要用一般将来时,when he will leave符合要求,故选D。
(2)Could you tell me _____ a moment ago?
A.what were they talking about B.what are they talking about C.what they were talking about D.what they are talking about
解析:_____ a moment ago是宾语从句,从句要用陈述语序,即主语they要放在are或were的前面,排除A、B两项。宾语从句中的 a moment ago(刚才)是过去时的时间状语,宾语从句的时态要与过去有关。选项中的what they were talking about是过去进行时,符合要求,因此选C。
20.考点:主句是一般过去时,宾语从句可以用与过去有关的时态。
(1)—Did you notice_______in her office?
—Yes. She was going over our writing.
A. what was Miss Lin doing B. what Miss Lin was doing C. what does Miss Lin do D. what Miss Lin does
解析:宾语从句要用陈述语序,即主语(Miss Lin)要放在was doing或does的前面,排除A、C两项。结合关键句She was going over our writing.”,可知宾语从句部分是询问李小姐过去在做某事,要用过去进行时,因此选B。
21.考点:宾语从句是客观真理时必须用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth______ around the sun.(move)
解析:宾语从句是客观真题(地球围绕太阳运行),要用一般现在时。主语the earth是单数名词,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,因此填moves。
22.考点:know接疑问词(除去why)引导的宾语从句时,如果主从句的主语是同一个人,可以将从句转化为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。
句型转换。
I really don't know what I can do to help her out.(改为简单句)
I really don't know what____ ____to help her out.
解析:what I can do to help her out是由what引导的宾语从句,主从句的主语都是I,可以把what引导的宾语从句转换为“what+动词不定式”结构,因此填to do。
23.考点:that引导定语从句时可以修饰表示“人、事物”的名词,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
(1)―Do you know the man_______is talking to Mr Li?
―He is our new headmaster.
A. that B. which C. what
解析:_______is talking to Mr Li是定语从句修饰先行词the man。先行词是人,所填词在从句中作主语,选项中只有关系代词that满足条件,故选A。
(2)—Why don’t you like fishing?
—Fishing a hobby_______needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.
A.who B. that C. it D. what
解析:_______needs much patience是定语从句修饰先行词a hobby。先行词是事物名词,其后的定语从句要用that引导,故选B。
干扰项分析:who引导定语从句修饰人,it和what不引导定语从句,排除ACD。
(3)—What kind of music do you like?
—I like music _________ I can dance to.
A. because B. when C. who D. that
解析:_________ I can dance to是定语从句修饰事物名词music,所填词在该从句中作介词to的宾语。选项中的that引导定语从句时满足这两个条件,因此选D。
干扰项分析:because不引导定语从句,when引导定语从句要修饰时间名词,在定语从句中作时间状语,who引导的定语从句要修饰人,排除ABC。
24.考点:which引导定语从句时修饰表示“事物”的名词,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
(1)The movie ____ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
解析:____I have seen twice是定语从句修饰事物名词the movie,所填词作have seen的宾语。选项中只有which引导定语从句时满足这两个条件,故选B。
干扰项分析:who引导定语从句要修饰人,where和when引导定语从句时在从句中分别作地点状语和时间状语,排除ACD。
(2)My hometown is the place ___ holds all my sweet memories.
A.who B.which C.what
解析: ___holds all my sweet memories是定语从句修饰事物名词the place,所填词在从句中作主语。选项中只有which引导定语从句时可以修饰事物名词,故选B。
25.考点:who引导定语从句时要修饰表示“人”的名词或复合不定代词,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。whom是who的宾格,引导定语从句时在从句中作宾语。
(1)—The boy ______lost is crying there.
—How do you know he gets lost?
A. whose B. who C. who’s
解析:题干表示“—那个____的小男孩在那边哭泣。—你怎么知道他迷路了。”_______lost 是定语从句修饰表示人的名词the boy,所填词在从句中作主语,whose在定语从句中作定语,排除A。lost不能单独作谓语动词,要用be lost表示“迷路”,要用who is的缩写形式who’s,因此选C。
(2)—Class, you should be thankful to those people _______ helped and supported you.
—We will. Miss Chen.
A. which B. whom C.who D.whose
解析:_______ helped and supported you是定语从句修饰表示人的名词people,所填词在从句中作主语。选项中的who引导定语从句时满足这两个条件,故选C。
(3) Everyone ____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.
A. why B. whose C. who D. which
解析:______has been to Shanghai是定语从句修饰表示人的复合不定代词everyone,所填词在该定语从句中作主语。选项中的who引导定语从句时符合要求,故选C。
(4)—CCTV has produced a TV show —Chinese Poetry Competiton. Have you seen it?
—Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, _____studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan, is the winner.
A. which B. where C. who D. whom
解析:_____studies...Fudan是非限制性定语从句修饰人名Wu Yishu,而且在该从句中作主语,选项中只有who引导非限制性定语从句时要修饰表示人的名词,而且在从句中可以作主语,故选C。
26.考点:that引导的定语从句可以修饰先行词“the+形容词最高级+事物名词”,which不可以。
Shiyan is one of the best places______people would like to visit.
A.that B.which C.where D.who
解析:______people would like to visit是定语从句修饰先行词the best places。由于先行词是含有形容词最高级的事物名词,而且所填词作would like to visit的宾语,选项中只有that引导定语从句满足这两个条件,故选A。
干扰项分析:which引导的定语从句不修饰含有形容词最高级的事物名词,where在定语从句中作地点状语,who引导定语从句要修饰表示人的词,排除BCD。
27.考点:先行词是表示事物的复合不定代词,其后的定语从句要用that引导,不用which引导。
—Have you got ready for the soccer game?
—Yes,Iˈve done everything ______ I can to win the game.
A. who B. that C. which
解析: ______ I can to win the game是定语从句修饰表示事物的先行词everything,选项中只有that引导定语从句时可以直接放在复合不定代词的后面,因此选B。
28. 考点:that引导的定语从句可以修饰先行词“修饰语(the/形容词性物主代词)+序数词+事物名词”,which不可以。
The first thing_______I’m going to do is to send an e-mail to Peter.
A. which B. who C. that D. why
解析:_______I’m going to do是定语从句修饰先行词the first thing。先行词是含有序数词的事物名词,定语从句要用that引导,故选C。
干扰项分析:which引导定语从句不修饰含有序数词的事物名词,who引导定语从句修饰人,why引导定语从句修饰reason,排除ABD。
29.考点:that引导的定语从句可以修饰先行词“only+事物名词”,which不可以。
真题链接:
—The TV play You Who Come from the Stars is popular recently.
—Yes. It is the only program _______ I watched this month.
A.who B. that C. where D. when
解析:_______ I watched this month是定语从句修饰先行词the only program,所填词在该从句中作watched的宾语,排除C、D两项。先行词是含有only的事物名词,定语从句要用that引导,不能用which引导,因此选B。
30.考点:先行词包含人和事物,定语从句要用that引导,不用which引导。
We are talking about the piano and the pianist_____ were in the concert last night.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
解析:_____ were in the concert last night是定语从句修饰先行词the piano(钢琴)and the pianist(钢琴家),先行词包含人和事物,定语从句要用that引导,因此选A。
31.考点:关系词在定语从句中作定语修饰名词时,关系词要用whose,whose不能省略。
—Who won the first prize in English speech contest?
—The prize went to the girl _____ speech was the most natural and fluent.
A.that B.who C.whose D.不填
解析: _____ speech was...fluent是定语从句修饰the girl,所填词在从句中作定语修饰speech,不能省略。选项中只有whose引导定语从句时可以作定语修饰名词,因此选C。
四选一阅读理解解题法
题型分类:选择类阅读理解分为细节题、主旨题、判断题、推断题、单词/句子含义题。
解题技巧:结合题干中的内容回原文查找相关句子(定位法),然后结合句子和选项,找到答案(转换法)。
定位技巧:题干中的实词组合、专有名词、数字、指定位置都是定位原则。
转换技巧:结合正确选项和干扰项的特点,判断答案。
1.细节题:以疑问词开头或题干是不完整的句子,询问具体信息(比如事件、原因等)。带着题干回原文定位,找到与题干相关的句子,比较选项。
正确选项特点:与原文完全对应或替换同义词,或换了一种相同的表达方式,与原文是解释关系。
干扰项特点:张冠李戴(混搭细节)、偷梁换柱(替换词汇,改变原文信息)、胡扯(文中没提到)。
2.主旨题:题干含有mainly、main idea或title。主旨题分为局部主旨题和全文主旨题。这种题属于指定位置定位,找到主旨句就能判断答案。局部主旨要读所给段落的开头或结尾找到主旨句,然后对比选项。全文主旨题要留意首段或末段,如果这两个地方都没有则要结合各段首尾句进行归纳,再对比选项。
正确选项特点:对文章句子进行解释或归纳。
干扰项特点:以偏概全(用细节代替主旨),扩大主旨范围,胡扯。
3.判断题:题干含有true、false或except等内容。判断题分为局部判断题和整体判断题。局部判断题给了指定段落,要求就某个内容判断正误,只用研读该部分。整体判断题没给提示信息,需要从选项入手,再对比文中信息。
(1)题干为true,要选出与文中句子含义对应的选项(可以是原句),也可以是对文中信息的解释或归纳)。这种题型的干扰项是文中根本没提到的内容或替换了原文内容改变了原意。
(2)题干为“false/except”,要选出与文中句子含义不符的选项(比如文章没提到的内容)。这种题型的干扰项是原文内容或与文中信息含义对等的内容。
4.推断题:题干含有know from、learn from、imply/infer(推断)、writing purpose(写作意图)、the passage is from(文章来源)等。推断题分为局部推断题和整体推断题。局部推断题给了具体段落,研读该部分进行推断。题干没有给出具体段落,则属于整体推断题,要从选项入手回原文查找信息,这种题型通常出现在最后一题,答案往往在最后一段。写作意图题和文章来源题属于整体推断题,要结合文章的主旨进行推断。
正确选项特点:对文中信息的解释或归纳。
干扰项特点:用细节充当推断、胡扯、扩大推断范围、主观臆断(符合常识不符合原文)。
5.单词/句子含义题:题干含有underline word/phrase/sentence以及mean。单词含义题属于指定位置,题干会给出具体段落。读单词所在句及前/后内容,然后对比选项和句子。
正确选项特点:对文中信息的解释。
干扰项特点:胡扯或仅解释单词或句子表面的含义。
第一篇
How funny would it be to see memes(表情包)in textbooks? Some students from Chengdu No. 7 High School have made it come true.
The students wrote a set of creative textbooks that includes five subjects--Chinese, English, maths, chemistry and physics. They share their notes to help students prepare for High School Entrance Exams in this way. Funny memes can be seen almost everywhere in their textbooks.
Each textbook has its own style, too. The English textbook introduces films and TV series. The chemistry textbook has wuxia characters. There is a boy named Shangguan Huaxue in the book. He meets a girl and they learn chemistry together. It also has wuxia-style notes.
Yan Zuhuai, a top student at Chengdu No. 7 High School, is the textbooks' editor-in-chief(主编). He got the idea to create the books in June, 2017. "Many students wanted me to share my notes with them. When I saw people sharing bikes, I thought I could share knowledge, too. "Yan said.
But after putting all of his notes together, he found them boring. Realizing that his classmates enjoyed online novels and memes, he decided to add those things to his notes. He wrote guidelines for each textbook and invited 13 students to join him in creating them.
The final versions(版本)of the textbooks came out at the end of December. Many publishing houses have shown an interest in them.
1. This set of textbooks includes the following subjects EXCEPT_________.
A .chemistry B. geography C. physics D. maths
2. What can we learn from the fourth and fifth paragraphs?
A. Lots of students wanted Yan to share knowledge with them.
B. Yan is one of the worst students in his school
C. Yan invited some students to write guidelines
D. The textbooks with online novels and memes are very boring.
3. What does this passage mainly tell us?
A Yan and his team are interested in memes
B. It is difficult for students to create textbooks
C. Yan's textbooks can help students study creatively
D. Yan is a popular editor-in-chief in his school.
1.本题是判断正误题,询问教科书不包括哪个学科,根据题干中的set of textbooks定位到第二段。结合该段首句“The... textbooks that includes five subjects—Chinese, English, maths, chemistry and physics.”可知课程不包括地理,因此选B。
2.本题是局部推断题,读第4、5段。第4段第3、4句“Many students... I thought I could share knowledge, too.(很多学生想要我和他们分享我的笔记。我想我能分享知识” 是Yan说的话,可知很多学生想要Yan分享知识,这和A项是一种解释关系,故选A。
3.本题是全文主旨题,首先找主旨句。由于首尾两段的意思都不能涵盖这篇文章的主旨,此时要结合各段首尾句进行归纳。本文介绍严祖怀创造性地把表情包放在教科书里,通过这个方法使学生更有创造性地学习,选项C是对文章中心的归纳,因此选C。
第二篇
A scientist name Charles had a strange idea. He wanted to invent a new kind of car which could go without a driver. It could also be used as a living room. That means you can go anywhere on your sofa in the car. You might say that it’s impossible. But Charles succeeded in making it in a factory and named it Tridika.
Tridika has no wheels and it starts working when it reaches the magnetic levitation tracks(磁悬浮轨道). It takes its energy from its tracks. And it works in the same ways as a magnetic train. It moves very fast. As everyone knows, cities are developing rapidly. There are more and more cars running on the road. So parking space is limited. Sometimes it’s hard to find a place to park(停车). Tridika can solve this problem easily because it needn’t park on the ground. Actually, it can park on the outside wall of the building with the help of an elevator system(电梯系统). In this way, much parking space can be saved. When Tridika parks itself in front of your apartment, you can get into your room directly. Of course, there must be a side door in the outside wall. Then Tridica becomes another living room. It’s really amazing, isn’t it?
Tridika can hold six passengers. So you can go on vacation in it with your family in your free time. of course it can also be sued as an office while you are traveling on the road. That is to say, you can travel and work at the same time.
1.Who invented the new kind of car?
A. Charles B. A driver C. A factory worker D. A passenger
2.What’s probably the meaning of the word “limited” in Para. 2?
A. 封闭的 B. 有限的 C. 开放的 D. 无限的
3.Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Tridika: A free parking place B. Tridika: A fast magnetic train
C. Tridika: A strange side door D. Tridika: A new driverless car
1.本题是细节题,询问谁发明了新型的车,根据new kind of car定位到第一段第二句,结合该段第1、2句“A scientist name Charles had a strange idea. He wanted to invent a new kind of car... a driver.”,可知Charles 发明了一种新型的小汽车,故选A。
2.本题是单词含义题,划线单词在第三段第三排。划线部分的句子表示“所以停车空间是_____。”结合前句“There are more and more cars running on the road.(越来越多的小汽车在路上行驶)”,可知停车空间不够,选项中的“有限的”符合推断,故选B。
3.本题考查标题,是全文主旨题。首段是交代了主旨—Charles设计了一种没有司机的小汽车Tridika,后文围绕它展开介绍了车子的特点,Tridika: A new driverless car是对它的归纳,因此选D。
完形填空方法精讲
题型分类:选择类完形填空常考查语境题和逻辑关系题。
解题技巧:判空—定源法。首先判断空的类型,结合类型的特点找到线索,读懂句意,判断答案。
1. 语境题
1.特点:选项含义不同,从语法角度无法判断答案。
2.步骤:首先了解选项的含义,然后读空所在句,看哪个选项使空所在句语义通顺。如果从本句无法筛选答案,则要结合上下文的语境信息,比如实词的原词浮现、上下文的同义词、反义词或某句话推断答案。
二.逻辑关系题
1.特点:选项是并列连词或引导状语从句的连词
2.步骤:首先读选项,了解连词的含义。然后读空所在句及前句或后句,结合句意判断主从句之间的逻辑关系确定答案。
小试牛刀
One day during a Spring Festival, I was taking a walk near my house when suddenly there came a voice, “Excuse me, sir.” I turned around and saw an old beggar(乞丐). “Have you 1 some money, about fifty yuan, around here? I lost it just now.” He looked at me and 2 my reply. “Sorry, I haven’t,” I answered. He went away saying in a low voice, “Where is it? 3 Should I do now? I really need the money.”
I could sense that he was 4 . Then I got an idea. I took out a fifty-yuan note(纸币) and dropped it on the ground. “Here! Here is the money!” I picked it up and 5 it to him. Then I walked towards my house.
A week later, on a snowy afternoon, I heard someone knocking at the door. It was the old beggar with a heavy bag on his shoulder. He put down the bag 6 and said “Thank you so much. I knew you gave me your own 7 that day, for the money I lost was in change(零钱)。 But my wife was 8 , and I really needed it to buy some medicine for her. So I didn’t return it to you.” He added, “I have nothing to pay for your__9__, here’s some rice I got from door to door for your children. As the saying goes, ‘A child who is fed by many families grows stronger.’ I will be pleased 10 you like it” Hearing his words, my wife and I were so moved that tears ran down our faces.
( )1. A. made B. lent C. seen D. dropped
( )2. A. looked for B. paid for C. left for D. waited for
( )3. A. How B. Which C. What D. Why
( )4. A. worried B. bored C. interested D. relaxed
( )5. A. pushed B. passed C. led D. threw
( )6. A. carefully B. easily C. carelessly D. hardly
( )7. A. food B. drink C.cloth D.money
( )8. A. well B. sick C.busy D.free
( )9. A. cuteness B. illness C.kindness D.sadness
( )10. A. before B. whether C. though D.if
1. 本题是语境题,空所在句表示“你____一些钱吗?”根据后文“I lost it just now.(我刚才弄丢了)”,可知要填表示“看到”的seen,故选C。
2. 本题是语境题,空所在句表示“他看着我,____我的回复。”结合关键词my reply(我的回复),可知要填表示“等待”的waited for,因此选D。
3. 本题是语境题,空所在句表示“我应该做_____?”结合本句,可知要填表示“什么”的What,故选C。
4. 本题是语境题,空所在句表示“我能够感受到他______。”上文讲述男子丢了钱,正在寻找,可推知他很焦急,选项中的worried表示“发愁的”,与推断相吻合,因此选A。
5. 本题是语境题,空所在句表示“我捡起钱并把钱______给他。”句中的it指前句中的money,可知要填表示“传递”的passed,故选B。
6. 本题是语境题,空所在句表示“他放下包_____说”结合后句 “Thank you so much.(非常感谢你。)”可知要填表示“认真地”的carefully,因此选A。
7. 本题是语境题,空所在句表示“我知道你那天给我你自己的_____。” 上文提到“我”给乞丐钱,money是原词浮现,故选D。
8. 本题是语境题,空所在句表示“但我的妻子_____”,结合后句“I really needed it to buy some medicine for her(我真的需要钱给她买一些药”,可知妻子生病了,要填表示“生病的”sick,因此选B。
9. 本题是语境题,空所在句表示“我没有什么偿还你的_____”上文提到“我”看到乞丐弄丢了钱,于是把自己的钱给他,是这个善举让他再次找到“我”,选项中的kindness表示“善良”,符合推断,故选C。
10. 本题是逻辑关系题,空所在句表示“_____你喜欢它”,结合主句I will be pleased(我会很开心),可知要填表示“如果”的if,故选D。
写作:以The Teacher I Miss Most为题,写一篇短文(不少于100个单词)。
技巧1:这篇短文包含三个部分。
1.第一段说明自己初中毕业了,交代自己最怀念的老师是谁。
2.第二段描述这个老师特点。
3.第三段说明自己会一直记住这个老师。
技巧2:写作注意事项
1.人称与时态。主语用第一、三人称。第一段用现在完成时和一般现在时,第二段用一般过去时,第三段用一般现在时和一般将来时。
2.尽量使用定语从句和宾语从句。
3.描述老师的特点或事迹可以用first of all(首先)、secondly(其次)、lastly(最后)等逻辑性词语。
4.句型:
The teacher I miss most is+人名,who has taught us+学科+for+时间段. 我最怀念的老师是......,他/她教了我们......。
He/She was able to make his/her+学科+ classes+形容词. 他/她能使......课堂......。
学科+was+easy to learn. ......科目容易学习。
Only in the future will I become+a/an+职业名词+like him/her. 将来我会成为像他/她一样的......。
技巧3:写作范文
The Teacher I Miss Most
I have graduated from the junior high school.Looking back at these past three years,many teachers have guided us to make progress.However, the teacher I miss most is Mr Green,who has taught us English for three years.
First of all,Mr Green was a humorous teacher.He was able to make his English classes interesting so that we thought that English was easy to learn.Secondly, Mr Green was patient.As long as we couldn’t understand what he had taught,he would guide us tirelessly until we understood fully.Lastly,Mr Green was very strict.When he found some students copying the schoolwork,he would punish them quite seriously.
This is my English teacher that I miss most.I will remember him forever.Only in the future will I become an English teacher like him.
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