Unit 4 Life on Mars单词、语法、句子讲义2024-2025学年牛津译林版九年级英语下册

Unit 4 Life on Mars单词、语法、句子讲解 【知识梳理】 一、单词精讲 1. Mars n. 火星 [mɑːz] 2. helmet n. 头盔 ['helmɪt] 3. air tank 氧气罐 4. dried food 干粮 dry作动词，意为“使变干”；作形容词，意为“干燥的” 现在分词____________过去式/过去分词____________ dry out干涸，变干 5. power pack 电源包 power作名词，意为“权力，能力”，它的形容词形式是powerful，意为“强大的，强有力的” 6. sleeping bag 睡袋 7. gravity n. 重力 [ˈɡrævɪti] The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighths of that on the Earth. 分数表达法： 分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母变为复数形式；分子与分母之间可加连字符，也可不加。分数后面常跟of 短语，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数和of 后面名词的单复数保持一致。 Three­fourths of the land is covered by forests in that country. 【练一练】 1. ________of the land in that district_________covered with trees and grass． A．Two-fifths；is B．Two-fifth；are C．Two-fifth；is D．Two-fifths；are 2. —Dear, how is your homework going? —Oh, mom, I've just finished ________ of it. A. second three B. two third C. second threes D. two thirds 8. planet n. 行星 [ˈplænɪt] interplanetary adj. 行星间的 9. crowded adj. 拥挤的 [ˈkraʊdɪd] 10. polluted adj. 被污染的 [pə'luːtɪd] 11. rapid adj.快的，迅速的 [ˈræpɪd] rapidly adv. 快地，迅速地 12. increase n.增加 [ɪn'kriːs] Our own planet, the Earth, is becoming more and more crowded and polluted because of the rapid increase in population. more and more crowded 越来越拥挤 1) crowded还可以看作是crowd动词过去式，意为“挤满，使拥挤”；crowd可作名词，意为“人群” 2) 比较级常见用法 “(单音节)形容词或副词的比较级＋and＋(单音节)形容词或副词的比较级”或“more and more＋(多音节)形容词或副词的原级”表示“越来越...”。 “less and less＋不可数名词”和“fewer and fewer＋复数可数名词”意为“越来越少的…”； “more and more＋复数可数名词或不可数名词” 意为“越来越多的…”。 “the＋形容词或副词的比较级＋陈述句， the＋形容词或副词的比较级＋陈述句”，意为“越…，越…” The more you pay, the more you get. pollute作动词，意为“污染，弄脏”，pollution作不可数名词，意为“污染;污染物” 对人口数量进行提问时用what。表示人口的“多”要用large/big；“少”用 small。 What’s the population of the city ? India has a large population. 【练一练】 1. It is very popular and ______ tourists visit it year by year． A．more and more B．fewer and fewer C．less and less D．more or less 2. There are ________ sharing bikes in many cities. So there will be ________ pollution. A．less and less; more and more B．less and less; fewer and fewer C．more and more; less and less D．fewer and fewer; less and less 3. The number of children who lost their lives in The Israeli Palestinian Conflict ________ getting ________. The first problem is how to stop the war. A．is; more and more. B．is; larger and larger C．are; fewer and fewer D．are; smaller and smaller 4. The park is getting ________ because more kinds of flowersare planted every year. A．more and more beautiful B．more beautiful and more beautiful C．less beautiful D．more and more 5. —Which country has the ________ population in the world? —China. It’s a little ________ than that of India. A.most, most B.biggest, bigger C.more, most D.bigger, bigger 13. (all) over again 再；重新 14. passenger n.乘客 ['pæsɪndʒə] Our spacecraft are too slow to carry large numbers of passengers to Mars. large numbers of意为“许多的，大量的”，修饰复数可数名词。 ①a number of意为“一些；许多的；若干的”，相当于many，后接可数名词复数。做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，number前面可以用large或small等词修饰，表示程度。 ②the number of意为“…的数量”，后面接可数名词复数。作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 【练一练】 1. —What ______ the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand．A number of them ______ from Europe． A．is；are B．is；is C．are；is D．are；are 2._______ lucky number you’ve got in the competition! A. How B. What C. What an D. What a 3. The Great Wall runs for over 6,000 km ________ northern China, ________ watchtowers. A．across; with a good deal of B．along; having a number of C．across; with a large number of D．along; with large numbers of 4. Our teachers often give us ________ advice when we are in trouble. A．a large amount of B．a few C．many D．a large number of 15. at a/the speed of 以…的速度 The journey might only take about 20 minutes in spacecraft that travel at the speed of light. might 是情态动词，意为“可能，或许”，表示可能性较小的推测。 1)must表示可能性最大的推测，意为“一定”，通常只用于肯定句。 She didn’t come to school. She must be ill. 2)may 表示可能性较小的推测，意为“可能”，通常用于肯定句或否定句。 He may not come tonight. 3)might表示可能性最小的推测，意为“可能”， 通常用于肯定句或否定句。 He might arrive on time. 4)can表推测时通常用于否定句或疑问句，can’t 意为“不可能，一定不”。 speed意为“速度” at a high/full speed 以高速/全速... at a low speed 以低速... 【练一练】 1. —Look at this pink water bottle. ________ it be Lily’s? —It ________ be hers. She does seem scatterbrained sometimes. A．May; might B．Can; can C．Can; might D．May; can 2．Don’t run too fast, Jack. You _______ fall and hurt your knees. A．might B．must C．need D．should 3. Light travels faster than sound __________ 300,000 kilometres per second. A. at the speed of B. with the speed C. in the speed of D. at the speeds of 4. One day, space shuttles will travel to Mars ________ the speed of light. A. in B. at C. with D. to 5. It takes us less time to go to Beijing because the_________of trains has increased a lot. A. price B. speed C. space D. service 16. uncomfortable adj.使不舒服的;不舒适的 [ʌnˈkʌmftəb(ə)l] comfortable作反义词，意为“舒适的, 使人舒服的”；comfortably作副词，意为“舒服地，安逸地” 17. oxygen n. 氧气 [ˈɒksɪdʒ(ə)n] 18. in the form of以…的形式 19. tasty adj. 味道好的 [ˈteɪsti] Food would most probably be in the form of pills and would not be so tasty. 含有in的常用短语： in all directions四面八方；各个方向　in danger处于危险中 in general总的来说；大体上 in a hurry 匆忙地 in all 总计 in this way以这种方式 in one’s twenties在某人二十多岁时 taste作感官系动词，意为“品尝,尝起来”；作名词，意为“品尝;味道” 20. specially adv.专门地，特地 ['speʃəli] 21. float v. 飘浮；漂浮 [fləʊt] People would have to wear boots that are specially designed to prevent themselves from floating off into space. special作形容词，意为“特殊的，特别的”；especially作副词，意为“尤其” 22. compare vt.比较 [kəmˈpeə] compare to/with与…相比 23. network n. 网络 [ˈnetwɜːk] 24. challenging adj. 挑战性的 [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] challenge既可作动词，也可作名词，意为“挑战” 25. aware adj. 知道，意识到 [əˈweə] awareness作名词，意为“认识，意识” 26. circle vt.围绕；将…圈起来 ['sɜːkl] 27. agreement n. 一致，同意 [əˈɡriːmənt] disagreement作名词，意为“不同意”；agree 作动词，意为“同意; 承认; 应允”，反义词是disagree ，意为“不同意，持不同意见，有分歧” 28. distance n. 距离；远处 [ˈdɪstəns] 29. possibility n. 可能性 [pɒsɪˈbɪlɪti] possible作形容词，意为“可能的”，反义词是impossible，意为“不可能的”；possibly作副词，意为“可能地; 或许” 30. alien n. 外星人 ['eɪljən] They were even afraid of aliens there. be afraid of意为“害怕”，后接名词、代词或动名词 be afraid to do sth 【练一练】 1．Don’t be afraid of ________ mistakes when you speak English. A．taking B．doing C．making D．offering 2．She used to ________ the dog and ________ play with it. A．was afraid of; be afraid to B．be afraid of; was afraid to C．be afraid to; be afraid to D．was afraid to; be afraid to 31. stranger n. 外来者，陌生人 [ˈstreɪndʒə] strange作形容词，意为“陌生的; 奇怪的” 32. carry out 开展；执行 含有out的常用短语： put out扑灭 run out用完，耗尽 set out出发；开始 look out留神，当心 find out查明；弄清楚 give out 分发 work out 解决；算出 be tired out筋疲力尽 turn out原来是，结果是 break out 爆发 come out 出来；出版；发行 hand out 分发 sell out 卖完 take out 拿出，取出 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control失去控制 【练一练】 1．—School violence(暴力)has appeared in some schools recently. —So it has. Luckily our government has ________ some policies to stop it. A．carried out B．taken out C．come out 2．Judy is such a confident girl that she believes she can ________ the hard task if she tries her best. A．carry out B．turn out C．pick out D．break out 33. percentage n. 百分率；百分数 [pəˈsentədʒ] 34. disadvantage n. 劣势，缺点，不利条件 [dɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ] advantage是反义词，意为“优势，有利条件” 35. risk n.风险，危险 [rɪsk] 冒险做某事risk doing 36. after all毕竟 After all, humans have already been to the moon. 含有all的常用短语： first of all首先　　 not…at all一点儿也不 in all总共 above all首要的是 all right 行，可以 all over 遍及 all the time 一直，总是 辨析have been to, have gone to与have been in 含有have been的常用短语： have been on已经在上映 have been over已经结束 have been away from已经离开… 【练一练】 1．All of us can’t avoid making mistakes. ________, nobody is perfect. A．At first B．All of a sudden C．After all 2．—I think it would be safe to live on Mars. —I agree. ________, we have already been to the moon. A．After all B．First of all C．In all D．Above all 3．—Has your brother ever been to Russia? —Yes. ________ A．So have I. B．So I have. C．So do I. 4．—Have you ________ to Hawaii? —Yes. I ________ there last Spring. A．been; have been B．gone; went C．gone; have been D．been; went 5．—I didn’t see you the whole summer holiday. —I ________ Yunnan on August 2nd. I ________ there for two weeks. A．went to; have been B．have gone; have been C．have been; have gone 37. goods n. （复）商品，货品 [ɡʊd] 38. electronic adj.电子的 [ɪlekˈtrɒnɪk] electricity作不可数名词，意为“电，电能” 39. entertainment n. 娱乐 [entəˈteɪnmənt] 二、语法精讲 1. 简单句与状语从句的转化。 用介词短语把状语从句转换为简单句 ①由when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句,可以用相应的介词短语来代替。 Neil Armstrong received his student pilot’s licence when he was 16. →Neil Armstrong received his student pilot's licence at the age of 16. ②由if, unless引导的条件状语从句,可以用由without构成的介词短语来代替。 Humans cannot survive if there is no food, water or oxygen. →Humans cannot survive without food, water or oxygen. ③由because引导的原因状语从句,可以用由because of构成的介词短语来代替。 People might float in space because the gravity is low. →People might float in space because of the low gravity. ④由(as...) as引导的比较状语从句,有时可以用“be of the same+名词”结构来代替。 Lily is as old as Lucy. →Lily and Lucy are of the same age. 【练一练】 将下列句子改为简单句。 1.We’ll play football when school is over. 2.You must wash your hands before you have meals. 3.People can’t live if there is no air or water. 4.We didn’t go there because it rained heavily. 【答案】 We’ll play football after school. You must wash your hands before meals. People can’t live without air or water. We didn’t go there because of the heavy rain. 2. 简单句与宾语从句的转化 某些动词后的宾语从句,可以转换为“介词+动名词(短语)”的形式。 The smell of the pills reminds them that food on the Earth is tasty. →The smell of the pills reminds them of the e tasty food on the Earth. Are they sure that space travel will be very fast? →Are they sure about the fast speed of space travel? 【练一练】 将下列句子改为简单句。 1.He insisted that he should go with us. 2.The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. 【答案】 1.He insisted on going with us. 2.The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. 3. 简单句与定语从句的转化 如果定语从句中的谓语动词have表示“有”的含义,从句可转换成由with构成的介词短语作后置定语。 People might live in houses s which have huge comfortable rooms. →People might live in houses s with huge comfortable rooms. On Mars you might see people who wear special boots. →On Mars you might see people in special boots. 【练一练】 将下列句子改为简单句。 He is a man who has a lot of money. 【答案】 He is a man with a lot of money. 【举一反三】 1. Are you sure about their interest in the magazine? (改为复合句) Are you sure ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the magazine? 2. Mike went to study in Beijing when he was ten. (改为简单句) Mike went to study in Beijing ________ ________ ________ ________ ten. 3. Do you know the boy in a black coat over there? (改为复合句) Do you know the boy ________ ________ a black coat over there? 4. The teacher told the children. The sun goes up in the east every day. (合并成—句) The teacher told the children ________ the sun ________ up in the east every day. 5. If you don’t work hard, you will fall behind and fail to pass the exam. (改为简单句) ________ hard work, you will fall behind and fail to pass the exam. 【答案】1. that they are interested in 2. at the age of 3. who wears 4. that; goes 5. Without 三、句子精讲 1. I’ve never thought about traveling into space. think about doing sth.相当于consider doing，意为“考虑做某事” think highly of 对…高度评价　 【练一练】 1.William,________over what I have said,and I think you can work it out. A.thinking B.think C.thought D.to think 2.—_______life in the countryside? —I like it. A .What do you think of B. How do you think C. What do you like D. How do you think of 3. I ________ about my roommate when my phone rang. It was him! A．think B．will think C．was thinking D．am thinking 4. —Chinese New Year’s Day is coming next month. Let’s ________ some gifts for our children. —I think red packets are better to wish them good luck. A．play with B．ask for C．think about D．look at 5. —Jane, what did Tom say just now? —Sorry, I don’t know. I ________ the math problem. A．thought about B．think about C．was thinking about D．thinking about 2. Me neither. ①neither用作形容词，后接名词单数，意为“（两者中）没有一个” Neither book was very interesting. ②neither用作代词，后接“of+名词” Neither of us felt like going out. ③neither用作连词，常与nor连用，构成neither…nor…结构，意为“既不……也不……”，连接同等的句子成分。当连接主语时，动词与靠近它的主语一致。 Neither he nor I like coffee. 【练一练】 1. —What would you like, milk or coffee? —________. I'd like some orange juice. A. None B. Neither C. Each D. Either 2. —Bob, when will you help me do a survey, today or tomorrow? —________ is OK. I'm free these two days. A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither 3. —My parents never ________ me to hang out with my friends at night. —________ do mine! But I think they are just worried about our safety. A．allow; Neither B．agree; So C．allow; So D．agree; Neither 4. — What would you like, coffee or tea? — ________. Just water, please. A．Neither B．Both C．Either D．None 5. —Can I come this weekend or next weekend? —_________ is OK. I am busy all these days. A．Neither B．None C．Either D．Both 3. I thought you liked Mars. “I thought…” 表示过去曾经有某种想法，但事实上并非如此，即“我原以为/原想…”，此时宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。 【拓展】否定前移 含有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词的宾语从句的否定句应将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。 否定转移的反意疑问句应与从句的主语与时态保持一致。I don’t think Kate can sing, can she? 【练一练】 1．Many of Lu Xun’s works make people ________ about others in the world. A．think B．thought C．thinking D．to think 2．—________ Black Myth: Wu Kong? —Perfect! It’s a milestone (里程碑) of Chinese games. A．What do you think of B．Why do you like C．What do you like about D．Where do you play 3．—I don’t like the short story The gifts. I think it’s out of date. —I’m sorry, but ________. Although it may be old, I still think it’s a moving story. A．that’s right B．I don’t think so C．I couldn’t agree more D．it doesn’t matter 4. There’s no fruit or vegetables. no＋单数可数名词＝not (…) a/an＋单数可数名词； There is no teacher.＝There is not a teacher. no＋复数可数名词/不可数名词＝not (…) any＋复数可数名词/不可数名词 He has no brothers.＝He does not have any brothers. no用作形容词时，可直接放在名词前，若名词前有a, any, much, many, enough等单词时，要用not，不用no。 5. with the development of technology... with 短语常在句中作状语，表示一种伴随情况或条件。 with的其他用法： ①表示“和…一起”。I will go to the cinema with my friends tonight. ②表示“用(某种工具)”。He opened the door with his key. ③表示“有”。I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. ④复合结构“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”在句中用作状语，表示伴随，其中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词或介词短语等。He often sleeps with the windows open. 【练一练】 He was lying on the bed . 他穿着衣服躺在床上。 Fish sleep .鱼睁着眼睛睡觉。 【答案】with all his clothes on ; with eyes open 6. But I missed the first part of it. miss作动词，意为“错过”，miss a chance意为“错失良机”；miss还可译为“想念”。 【注意】miss作“错过”讲时，可接名词、代词或动名词作其宾语，不能用动词不定式作其宾语。 7. It started with a discussion about a survey. start with意为“从…开始”，和begin with同义。 【拓展】含有with的常用短语和句型： agree with sb同意某人的看法 be strict with sb对某人要求严格 come up with想出(主意) connect to/with与…相连；连接 deal with处理；对付 fall in love with sb爱上某人 fill…with…用…填充… get along/on with 与…相处 have something/nothing to do with与…有关/无关 keep in touch with 与…保持联系 be busy with 忙于… be satisfied with 对…满意 【练一练】 1．I like spring, because everything in the spring recovery. There is a saying that “______”. A．A year’s plan starts with spring. B．No pain, no gain. C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Every dog has its day. 2．It’s a good idea ________ an English song at the party. A．to start B．to start with C．ask for D．to begin 8. But most people may prefer to watch the amazing low-gravity basketball games instead. prefer 作动词，意为“宁愿；更喜欢” 1)prefer+名词/动名词+to+名词/动名词，意为“与…相比更喜欢…” I much prefer jazz to rock music. I prefer walking to climbing. 2)prefer to do sth./prefer doing sth.，意为“更喜欢…” I prefer reading non-fiction. I prefer to think of peace not war. 3)prefer to do... rather than do...，意为“宁愿做…而不是做…” I prefer to do English homework first rather than do maths homework. instead作副词，意为“代替；反而”，往往位于句子开头或句子末尾。 instead of 意为“代替；而不是”，表示前者代替后者，并带有否定后者的含义。 instead of后可接名词、代词或动名词。 Now I can walk to work instead of going by car. 【练一练】 1.She prefers_________ at home alone_________ with her friends. A. stay; play 　　　　　　B. staying; playing C. staying; to playing 　 D. to stay; to play 2.—Do you prefer ________basketball with me? —No, I’d rather ________ at home and watch TV. A．play; stay B．to play; to stay C．play; to stay D．to play; stay 3. —Do you prefer ________ basketball with me this afternoon? —No, I would rather ________ at home and read some books. A．play; stay B．play; to stay C．to play; stay D．to play; to stay 4. He prefers ________ books to ________ to music. A．reading; listening B．read; listen C．reading; listen D．read; listening 5. We should advise our students _________ hard instead of _________ too much time playing games. A. working; spending B. to work; spend C. work; spending D. to work; spending 6. —Why was your uncle so unhappy? —My cousin didn’t become a doctor on his advice. __________, he decided to go to a drama college. A．Instead B．Otherwise C．However D．Moreover 7. I’ll go to Shanghai ________ to Beijing. A．instead go B．instead of going C．instead going D．instead of go 【举一反三】 一、词汇 1．Driving after drinking can increase the (风险) of traffic accidents. 【答案】risk 2．One of the ______________ (不利条件) of living in the countryside is that you can’t buy everything you want easily. 【答案】disadvantages 3．I have no idea _______________ (是否) to stay or leave at the moment. 【答案】whether 4． your answers with those in your book to see if they are right. (比较) 【答案】Compare 5．A foreign language cannot be learned (迅速地), it must be learned step by step. 【答案】rapidly 6．Now pandas are not endangered animals any more because their number has i greatly these years. 【答案】(i)ncreased 7．If they can’t reach an a before 8 o’clock, they won’t start their task on time. 【答案】(a)greement 8．The tasty Qingtuan, a t traditional snack on Qingming Festival, gets rising popularity. 【答案】(t)asty 9．The bus is so c that you can’t find any more room. 【答案】(c)rowded 10．Hard seats and loud music often make me feel u and unhappy. 【答案】(u)ncomfortable 11．I am a s here, so I don’t know who to ask for help. 【答案】(s)tranger 12．It is said that the moon c the earth every 28 days. 【答案】(c)ircles 二、适当形式填空 1．The population on the earth is increasing (rapid). Now the earth is becoming more and more crowded. 【答案】rapidly 2．The bus was so (crowd) that they had to wait for the next one. 【答案】crowded 3．We recognized the (possible) and took steps to prevent it happening. 【答案】possibility 4．The captain was not willing to risk (take) his ship through the straits (海峡). 【答案】taking 5．My brother has ever thought about (return) to Yangzhou so that he can get a good job in the future. 【答案】returning 6．To make a green world, we should try to reduce air (pollute) by walking more and driving less. 【答案】pollution 7．The (dry) vegetables don’t taste as good as the fresh ones. 【答案】dried 8．His inability to speak English put him at a (advantage). So he missed the chance. 【答案】disadvantage 9．Astronauts should be careful enough (carry) out researches in space. 【答案】to carry 10．We all hope to live in a less (pollute) world, so it’s time for us to go green now. 【答案】polluted 三、单项选择 1．Don’t be afraid of changing, ________ it’s leading you to a new beginning. A．if B．because C．though D．unless 【答案】B 2．I am going to give my mother ________ for her birthday. I want to make her happy. A．special something B．special anything C．something special D．nothing specially 【答案】C 3．—Sorry, I didn’t win a prize in the speech competition. —Never mind. ________, you’ve tried your best. A．Thanks to B．For example C．In general D．After all 【答案】D 4．—You must follow your parents’ advice, or you’ll take a ________ of getting hurt. —Yes. I’ve given up climbing the high mountain. A．risk B．choice C．step D．point 【答案】A 5．— The wind of early spring is as sharp as scissors. — How beautiful it sounds! The writer ________ the wind of the early spring to scissors in this poem. A．connects B．compares C．contacts D．completes 【答案】B 6．John isn’t a man of his words. His failure to ________ his promise has let every one of us down. A．carry out B．find out C．cut out D．put out 【答案】A 7．—Can you stop smoking? It makes me feel _________. —Sorry, I didn’t notice that. A．uncomfortable B．usual C．comfortable D．unusual 【答案】A 8．I live next to a Huitong supermarket. It’s ________ for me to shop there than in Chongbai supermarket. A．more crowded B．crowded C．more convenient D．convenient 【答案】C 9．—Mike, go and make sure the smoke alarms are ________ put in and will work well. —OK. I will go and check. A．properly B．probably C．especially D．specially 【答案】A 10．—I have never been to the Great Wall or the West Lake. —________. But I plan to go to the West Lake next month. A．Me too B．Me neither C．So have I D．Nor haven’t I 【答案】B 11．—Some children in poor areas read a little because they can’t ________ to buy books. —Quite right. Let’s collect some second-hand ones for them. A．affect B．afford C．increase D．lead 【答案】B 12．Many people think Hefei is developing _______ thanks to all the people working here. A．luckily B．recently C．nearly D．rapidly 【答案】D 13．—Who is the man talking with Mr. Wang just now?    —I don’t know him. He is a _________ to me. A．teacher B．stranger C．friend D．doctor 【答案】B 14．—What’s the most popular form of ________ in this city? —It’s hard to say. Maybe it’s going to the movies. A．environment B．experience C．experiment D．entertainment 【答案】D 15．—Teenagers should be ________ that there’s no ending to learning. —I agree with you. Learning is a lifelong journey. A．absent B．awake C．aware D．afraid 【答案】C 四、完型填空 Noah sat on the front steps of his family’s flat building. He kept looking at the sky and didn’t even 221 his brother coming down the street until Daniel stood right in front of him. “Where were you, Noah?” Daniel asked his brother. “It seemed that you were a million miles away. You did not 222 hear me calling you, did you?” Noah 223 his head. “Daniel, have you ever had stage fright (怯场)?” he finally asked. “Sure.” said Daniel. “Plenty of times. Do you remember that play I was in a few years ago? I knew my lines, but I was afraid to have to say them 224 the audience (观众). I also have a bit of stage fright right before my basketball games start. As soon as I we the people in the stands, my heart beats so fast that it feels like popcorn popping (爆裂) in my body.” “I know just what you 225 . That’s how I feel just thinking about the spelling competition next week.” “I didn’t know you made it to the finals,” said Daniel. “Good job!” “It’s not 226 at all,” said Noah. “I’m worried I’ll get nervous and freeze (吓呆) on stage.” “I might forget how to spell everything—even my own name! I don’t know what To do.” “Noah, I’ll help you get 227 this. You just have to practice as much as possible. I can go to the hall with you to practice. That way you’ll feel comfortable there.” Noah began to look a little less nervous. “Then, I’ll teach you this exercise my basketball coach taught me,” continued Daniel. “You close your eyes and imagine 228 doing what you’re worried about. You go through the whole situation in your 229 so you see what it feels like to do it and do it well. It might sound 230 . But believe me, it works.” “Thanks, Daniel. I’m still nervous but I feel much better. You’re a pretty good brother.” 221．A．catch B．notice C．stop D．keep 222．A．even B．still C．already D．only 223．A．touched B．turned C．lost D．shook 224．A．behind B．beside C．before D．beyond 225．A．mean B．matter C．wish D．want 226．A．funny B．hard C．good D．right 227．A．of B．from C．into D．through 228．A．yourself B．you C．itself D．it 229．A．dreams B．mind C．memory D．eyes 230．A．clever B．easy C．common D．strange 【答案】 221．B 222．A 223．D 224．C 225．A 226．A 227．D 228．A 229．B 230．B 五、阅读理解 My name is Luis. Two weeks ago on Saturday my friend Justin and I were biking along Riverside Trail. All at once Justin shouted, “There’s something sparking under those bushes!” We started poking around. I spotted something shining and exclaimed, “Oh my gosh! It’s a wallet with jewels on it.” After I picked it up, we saw it had imitation jewels that reflected (反射) the sunlight. “Let’s see if there is identification,” I said. “We should try to find the owner.” We found photos, some money, and a library card for Mary Johnson. Justin said, “We can find a phone number on the Internet.” We headed for the computer at Justin’s house and searched for “Johnson” in a directory for our town. We found eight Mary Johnsons and two M. Johnsons! Justin asked, “Should we throw in the towel?” I said, “No, we shouldn’t give up. Making phone calls might not work anyway. We should look for other clues first because she may live in another town, or she may have an unlisted number.” We looked at the photos. One was old. Another was of a boy about two years old with “William, 2019” in handwriting on the back. A third photo showed a girl about seven in front of Mount Rushmore, and “Annalee, 2019” was written on the back. Justin guessed, “Those two must be Mary Johnson’s children.” I said, “On Monday we can ask teachers at school if they know Annalee Johnson.” Justin said, “That’s a long time for Mary Johnson to wait for her wallet, and maybe Annalee goes to another school in town, so let’s look for other clues.” We went through the wallet again and found an appointment card for an eye examination. The doctor’s office was in a mall in town, and the appointment was for two o’clock on Saturday afternoon—that same day! I said, “We have to get to the mall soon. We have no time to lose.” Justin said, “I’ll ask my mom to drive us.” We got to the mall at exactly three minutes before two and sat down in the waiting room. In a few minutes, a woman walked in and said, “I have a two o’clock appointment. My name is Mary Johnson.” Justin and I introduced ourselves and showed her the wallet. Her eyes lit up. She said, “What a relief! I have been beside myself!” Mrs. Johnson thanked us over and over. She was elated to have back her money and the photos of her children and great-grandparents. After we explained where we found the wallet, she said, “I took the children for a bike ride this morning. Annalee rode a bike, but William was in a cart attached to my bike. He must have found the wallet in my bag and tossed it from the cart.” She added, “You should have a reward.” and handed each of us five dollars. It was worth missing out bike ride! 11．What is the most important problem in the passage? A．Mary Johnson has a common last name. B．There are too many schools to check. C．The boys want to find the owner of the wallet. D．The boys must get to the mall before Mary Johnson arrives. 12．Which detail explains why Luis spots the wallet? A．It contains a library card. B．It has imitation jewels that sparkle. C．The boys are biking on Riverside Trail. D．Mary Johnson took her children for a bike ride. 13．What is a reason they boys give up the plan to telephone? A．There is not enough time. B．There are too many Mary Johnsons. C．Justin’s computer has broken down. D．They would rather finish the bike ride. 14．How are they boys as problem solvers? A．Justin is a better detective. B．Luis is more ready to give up. C．Both like to follow clues to solve a problem. D．Both want to make all the decisions about what to do. 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．C Scene l (Later that night in Princess Ann’s bedroom. She picks up the skirt of her nightgrown and drops it.) ANN: (brushing her hair) I hate this nightgown（睡袍）. I hate all my nightgowns. COUNTESS: (coming over to her bed) My dear, you have lovely things. ANN: But I’m not two hundred years old! Why can’t I seep in comfortable clothes? COUNTESS: Comfortable clothes! ANN: Yes. Did you know there are people who sleep with absolutely nothing on at all? COUNTESS: I am lucky to say that I did not. Now your milk and biscuits. They’ll help you to sleep. ANN (stubbornly): I’m too tired to sleep—can’t sleep a wink. COUNTESS: (putting on her glasses, taking a diary from the bed table) Now my dear, if you don’t mind, please check tomorrow’s schedule（日程表）. (Running through the items with a pen) Eight thirty, breakfast here with officers; nine o’clock, we leave for the Polinory Car Factory where you’ll be presented with a small car. ANN (uninterested): (absently playing with biscuits) Thank you. COUNTESS: Which you will not accept? ANN: No, thank you. COUNTESS: Ten thirty-five, Food and Agricultural Organization will present you with an olive tree. ANN: No, thank you. COUNTESS: Which you will accept? ANN: Thank you. COUNTESS: Ten fifty-five, the New foundling Home For Orphans. You will make a speech; same speech as last Monday. Eleven forty-five, back here to rest. No, that’s wrong…Eleven forty-five, have a meeting here with a number of reporters. ANN: Oh, my god, I would be mad. COUNTESS (patiently): One o’clock, lunch with the Foreign Ministry. You will wear your white dress and carry small pink roses. Three-five, presentation of a medal. Four-ten, review special guard of Police. Four forty-five back here to change to your uniform to meet the international… ANN: (screaming at the Countess) STOP!! (Looking away her hair covering her face) Please stop! Stop…! COUNTSS (getting the tray back) It’s alright, dear, it didn’t spill（溢出）(she places the tray on the table.) ANN: I don’t care if it’s spilled or not. I don’t care if I’m drown in it! (throws her head into the pillow die in it.) COUUNTESS: (putting her hands on her shoulders to comfort her) My dear, you’re ill. I’ll send for Doctor Bonnachoven. 15．Where does the scene take place? A．In a car factory. B．In the bedroom. C．In the dining room. D．In the sitting room. 16．Which of the following words is used to help readers know the feeling of Ann? A．Amazed. B．Scared. C．Patient. D．Uninterested. 17．The words in brackets, such as “(putting on her glasses, asking a diary from the bed table)” tell ________. A．what the play is about B．what the writer acts in the play C．what the characters are saying to each other D．what the characters are doing and how they are acting 18．Which of the following shows the order in which the events happened in the play? a. Ann will be presented with an olive tree. b. Ann will lunch with the Foreign Ministry. c. Ann will leave for the Polinory Car Factory. d. Ann will wear her uniform to meet the international guests. e. Ann will make a speech at the New foundling Home For Orphans. A．e—b—a—d—c B．d—a—b—c—e C．c—a—e—b—d D．a—d—b—e—c 19．What may happen next according to Scene l? A．Ann will go to sleep. B．Ann will drink up the milk. C．Ann will be checked by a doctor. D．Ann will continue checking her schedule. 15．B    16．D    17．B    18．C    19．C Can you think of a day without music? We can hear music everywhere: in the streets and at home, over the radio and on TV, in the shops and in the parks. People all over the word like music. They listen to music, they dance to music, and they learn to play musical instruments. Music isn’t only a combination（结合体）of pleasant sounds. It is an art which reflects（反映）life. There are a lot of different kinds of music. Some of them appeared long ago, and some are modern. Folk music appeared long ago, but it is still live. Folk songs are very pleasant to listen to. Classical music is often associate with the music of the past. Rap is a modern musical style where the singer speaks or shouts the words in time to music with a steady beat. Britain has produced popular music stars than any other country. British groups often set new trends in music. New styles, groups and singers continue to appear. Many of the new bands have been able to use changes in technology to develop their music, such as computerized drum machines and other electronic instruments. People’s musical interests differ from pop and rock music to classical music and opera. My favourite style music is pop music because it is full of energy. When I listen to pop music, it makes me remember happy times. The music I hate is heavy metal. I find it noisy. When I listen to classical music, it presents to my mind pictures of dark days. Music attracts our hearts. Music is beauty in sounds; it is our magic of inspiration. 20．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Several types of music. B．Different musical tastes. C．The importance of music. D．The development of musical styles. 21．How is the second paragraph developed? A．By giving examples. B．By explaining reasons. C．By describing courses. D．By expressing opinions. 22．Why does the writer like pop music? A．Because it is a modern musical style. B．Because it brings him cheerful memories. C．Because it is played with electronic instruments. D．Because it presents to his mind pictures of dark days. 20．C    21．A    22．B 六、任务型阅读 How would you feel if your school banned phones in class? In February, the Ministry of Education announced that mobile phones should, in principle（原则上）, be banned（禁止）in primary and secondary schools. This aims to protect students’ eyesight, make sure they focus on their schoolwork and won’t become addicted（上瘾的）to the Internet and online games. Xu Xiaohe, a 13-year-old from Zhejiang, is a supporter of the policy. “In fact, my school has never allowed us to bring our mobile phones,” Xu said “It’s a distraction（干扰）from our work. Even adults can’t control themselves, let alone kids like us.” Li Zihan from Beijing, however, feels differently. The 13-year-old believes that a mobile phone ban is too simplistic（简单化的）for a generation that have grown up with mobile phones. "Students should be taught self-management skills, as well as learn how to use their phones well to help with their studies,” “Li said. “That might be the best way to deal with technology（技术）in modern times.” For Ge Ziqi, the problem with banning mobile phones has more to do with life outside of school. The 13-year-old Beijinger uses a bike-sharing app every day to travel between her home and school. “Today, phones are used everywhere, from taking a bus to buying food,” she said. “If I can't take my phone with me, I will have to buy my own bicycle.” Some schools have come up with ideas to solve problems like Ge's. At Shanghai Shatian School, for example, students are asked to put their phones in special lockers（储物柜）during school hours. The students call these lockers the “phone farm” or “phone tarmac”（停机坪）. School ban phones The policy It was announced that mobile phones should, in principle, be banned in primary and secondary schools. ___________(76) •to protect students’ eyesight •to make sure students pay all the ___________(77) to their work •to ___________(78) students from becoming addicted to the Internet and online games Different ___________(79) on banning phones Xu Xiaohe The 13-year-old boy ___________(80) the policy of banning phones in schools. Adults can’t control themselves, ___________(81) can kids. Li Zihan A mobile phone ban might be a simplistic way to deal with __________(82) in modern times. Students should learn how to ___________(83) and how to use their phones effectively to help with their studies. Ge Ziqi Banning phones has more ___________(84) on her life outside of school. ___________(85) her phone, she can’t use a bike-sharing app to travel between her home and school. An idea to solve the problems Shanghai Shatian School asks the students to put their phones in special lockers during school hours. 76. Aims(Purposes/Goals) 77. attention 78. stop/prevent/keep 79. opinions/ideas 80. supports 81. neither/nor 82. technology 83. manage/control 84. influence(s) 85. Without 七、首字母填空 Ten-year-old Orion Jean has always known that kindness is important. He often p 161 it by volunteering with his family. But last year, after entering the National Kindness Speech Contest, he became crazy about it. Now he works to s 162 kindness everywhere through projects that help others. He c 163 his campaign（运动） the Race to Kindness. Spreading Hugs   After a teacher told him about the contest, Orion had only 24 hours to w 164 , memorize（熟记）, and record his speech. In it, he talked about the importance of kindness—especially right now, when many are facing d 165 from the pandemic（疫情） and dealing with injustice. “Kindness is like spreading hugs around the world to those who need it and those who may not know they need it.” Orion said. He e 166 listeners to join him in “the race of kindness” by doing small, kind acts for others. Orion’s speech won the contest. He used his $500 prize to fund（资助） his first Race to Kindness project, a toy drive for a local children’s hospital. He collected 619 toys. After that, Orion wanted to make an even b 167 influence. Working with a nonprofit（非盈利）organization, he packed meal bags for people in need. He included a kind message for each recipient（接受者）. Orion also o 168 several events in his community. In all, he collected more than 100,000 m 169 ! Everybody Wins Orion believes that everyone wins this race. He says, “If you’re kind to someone else, it can make their day b 170 and inspire（激励） that person to be kind to somebody else. And then it just grows and grows, and it can make the world a better place.” 161．(p)racticed 162．(s)pread 163．(c)alls 164．(w)rite 165．(d)ifficulty 166．(e)ncouraged 167．(b)igger 168．(o)rganized 169．(m)eals 170．(b)righter 20 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$