Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Discover Useful Structures 非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册

2025-02-21
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非谓语动词 Nonfinite Verbs 1.定义:不能充当谓语的动词,但可以在句子中 充当其他句子成分(主/宾/表/定/状/宾补) 2. 类型: ⑴ 不定式 : to+V原 ⑵ 动名词: V-ing ⑶ 现在分词:V-ing ⑷ 过去分词 :V-ed 3. 特点:有时态(一般式/完成式)和语态(主动语态/被动语态)的变化。 非谓语动词 动词不定式 (to+V原) 动名词(V-ing) 现在分词(V-ing) 过去分词(V-ed) ⑴意义 相当于n. adj. adv. 表示目的和将来 相当于n. 表示一般 性动作 相当于adj. adv. 表示主动和进行 相当于adj. adv. 表示被动和完成 ⑵可充当成分 主/宾/表/定/状/宾补 主/宾/表/定 表/定/状/宾补 表/定/状/宾补 ⑶形式 一般式 主 动 to do doing doing done 被 动 to be done being done being done 无 完成式 主 动 to have done having done having done 无 被 动 to have been done having been done having been done 无 ⑷否定式 not+非谓语动词 如:look 的不定式 主动:—to look —to have looked 被动:—to be looked —to have been looked 比较: 非谓语动词 ——⑴动词不定式的用法 注意:动词不定式= to +V原 动词不定式短语=to+V原+名词(短语) 逻辑主语:不定式中动词的使用者 1.动词不定式(to+V原)作主语 ⑴位置:①位于句首: To find a good job is not easy. 找到一份好工作并不容易。 ②位于句尾:用it作形式主语,动词不定式放在句尾 It is not easy to find a good job. ⑵固定句型: ① It is/was + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是... eg. It is difficult for them to find a good job. 找一份好工作对他们来说很难。 ② It is/was + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 做某事体现了某人的... eg. It is kind of you to help the elderly(年迈的) lady. 你真善良帮助这个年迈的女士。 描述人物特征的形容词: kind善良的, brave勇敢的, honest诚实, stupid/foolish愚蠢的, considerate体贴的, generous慷慨的 描述事物性质的形容词: difficult/hard困难的, easy简单的, important重要的, impossible不可能的, necessary有必要的 公式: (Not) To do sth. (主语) ,+句子 (不) 做某事,... 公式:It+ 谓语动词 + adj./n. + to do sth. 2.动词不定式(to+V原)作宾语 ⑴位置:①位于谓语动词后: eg. I (don't) want to help them. 我(不)想帮助他们。 ②位于句尾:用it作形式宾语,动词不定式放在句尾 eg. I make it a rule to get up at six. 我通常在6点钟起床。 I find it interesting to learn English. 我发现学英语很有趣。 ⑵接不定式作宾语的动词(短语): ①want(想要)wish/hope(希望)expect(期待)desire(渴望)volunteer(自愿)pretend(假装) ②agree(同意)refuse(拒绝), promise(承诺) ③choose(选择),decide/determine(决定) ④plan(计划) intend(打算) prepare(准备) ⑤try(努力)manege(设法) fail(失败) ⑥make an effort=spare no pains=spare no effort(竭尽全力), make up one's mind(下定决心) 公式:(not)+动词 + to do sth. (宾语) (不)... 做某事 *6121结构: 6个动词 + it + 抽象名词/形容词 + 动词不定式 主语 + make(使得)/find(发现)/feel(感觉)/think(认为)/believe(相信)/consider(考虑)+ it + n./adj.+(not)to do sth. 3.动词不定式(to+V原)作表语 ⑴位置:常位于be动词的 后面 ⑵功能: ①表示目的: My dream is to be a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。 ②表示预期的结果: You are to make great progress. 你将取得巨大的进步。 ③表示计划和安排: The prince is to marry a beautiful princess. 王子将娶一位美丽的公主。 ④表示被动语态, 具有情态意义: You are to be rewarded. 你应该被奖赏。 ⑤用主动形式表示被动意义: They are to blame. 他们应该被责备。 公式:be + (not) + to do sth. (宾语) ...(不) 是做某事 4.动词不定式(to+V原)作定语 ⑴位置:位于名词或代词后,与被修饰词是主谓关系或动宾关系。 ①The man to help you is me. 帮助你的人是我。= The man who helps you is me. (*不定式修饰作主语的名词相当于一个定语从句) (主谓关系:the man helps you ) ②She can find no one to talk with. 她找不到可以说话的人。 (动宾关系: talk with no one) ⑵常跟动词不定式作定语的名词: eg. ①I have no time to go shopping. 我没有去购物的时间。 ②She has a chance to study abroad. 她有一次出国留学的机会。 ⑶ the first, the last, the best, the only thing 常跟不定式作定语。 eg. ① She is the first to answer questions. 她总是第一个回答问题(的人)。 ②It is the only thing to do. 这是唯一可以做的事。 way(方式) time(时间) plan(计划) effort(努力)ability(能力) reason(原因;理由) decision(决定) chance/opportunity(机会) 公式:名词/代词+ (not) + to do sth. (定语) (不)...的... 5.动词不定式(to+V原)作状语 ⑴位置:不固定 ⑵功能: ①表示目的, 作目的状语,放在句首或句尾。 To protect our motherland, many soldiers devoted their lives. 为了保卫祖国,很多战士献出了他们的生命。 They immediately run back to the classroom in order not to be late. 他们迅速跑回教室以免迟到。 ②表示原因, 作原因状语, 常跟在表示情绪的形容词后面。 ③表示结果, 作结果状语, 放在句尾, 其中, only to do 表示意料之外的结果。 The little girl came out of the forest , only to find that(宾从) her friends had left here. 小女孩从森林里出来,却发现她的朋友们已经离开这里了。 公式: I am glad/excited/sorry/sad/disappointed to hear that(宾从) ... 我很高兴/兴奋/抱歉/难过/失望听到.... 肯定:To do sth. (状语) ,+ 句子 “为了..., ...” 否定:...in order not+to do = so as not+to do “以免...;为了不...” 5.动词不定式(to+V原)作状语 ⑵功能: ④表示条件, 作条件状语,谓语中常含有情态动词。 To be successful, you must do your best. 要想成功,你必须竭尽全力。 注意:动词不定式作条件状语,可以转化为if引导的条件状语从句: If you want to be successful, you must do your best. ⑤表示方式, 作方式状语, 位于句尾。 He is slow to run. 他跑得慢。= He runs slowly. ⑥表示伴随情况, 作伴随状语,常以独立主格结构形式出现。 A number of students sat on the grass, some to read books, some to chat with others. 很多学生坐在草地上,有些人看书,有些人和别人聊天。 6.动词不定式(to+V原)作宾补 ⑴位置:①位于宾语后; ②位于作表语的形容词后:be+adj.(表语)+ to do(宾补) ⑵接不定式作宾补的动词: eg. ①I want you to help us. 我要你帮我们。 ②I expect her to help me. 我期待她帮我。 ③I help him to clean the classroom. 我帮他打扫教室。 want(想要) help(帮助) invite(邀请) remind(提醒) allow/permit(允许) ask/request/require(要求) order/command(命令) force(强迫) advise(建议) expect(期待)encourage(鼓励) beg(乞求) challenge(挑战) 公式:动词+sb.(宾语)+(not) + to do sth. (宾补) ...某人(不)做某事 6.动词不定式(to+V原)作宾补 ⑶不带to的动词不定式作宾补: ① I often see him go to school by bike. ② We let him carry the books. ③ I hear someone call me. ④ I help my mother do housework(家务).=I help my mother to do house work. 秃头不定式 口诀: 一感:feel(感觉) 二听:hear/listen(听见) 三让:let/have/make 五看:see/look/watch(观看)/notice(注意)/observe(观察) 半帮助:help ⑴ To finish the homework is difficult for him. ( ) ⑵ I want to go to college(上大学). ( ) ⑶ My purpose(目的) is to improve(提高) my English. ( ) ⑷ I have a chance(机会) to change(改变)my life. ( ) ⑸To catch(赶上) the bus, I get up(起床) early. ( ) ⑹ The teacher asked me to answer the question. ( ) ⑺ The air is fresh(清新的) to breathe(呼吸). ( ) 7.判断下列动词不定式在句中所充当的句子成分 充当主语 充当宾语 充当表语 充当定语 充当状语 充当宾补 充当状语 注意:动词不定式短语位于句首,若后面有逗号,就作目的状语;否则就是作主语。 非谓语动词 ——⑵动名词的用法 1. 动名词的含义:由动词的-ing形式构成,否定式在其前加not。 2. 动名词的特征:兼具名词和动词的特征。 ⑴ 在句中的作用相当于名词 ⑵ 两种时态形式: 一般式(doing)和完成式(having done) 两种语态形式:主动语态和被动语态(being done)(having been done) 3.动名词短语=动名词+名词(短语) 1.动名词(V-ing)作主语 ⑴位置:①位于句首: eg. Talking with him is very interesting. 和他谈话很有趣。 ②位于句尾:用it作形式主语, 把动名词放在句尾。 eg. It is no good smoking. 吸烟无益。 It is dangerous swimming in the river. 下河游泳很危险。 ⑵固定句型: eg. It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. 抄别人的作业是一件浪费时间的事。 公式: It is + 抽象名词/形容词 + doing sth. ① It is useless/no use/no good/no harm + doing sth. 做某事没有用处/好处/坏处 ② It is a waste of time + doing sth. 做某事很浪费时间 ③ It is worthwhile + doing sth. 做某事是值得的 ⑶不定式和动名词作主语的区别: a)不定式作主语表示具体的一次性动作;意义上表示未完成的事或目的; 动名词作主语表示抽象的经常性动作;意义上表示已知的事或经验。 eg. ①眼见为实。 . ②吸烟有害健康。 . b) 不定式和动名词短语作主语,可以转化成it作形式主语的结构。 eg. ①学英语很困难。 . 改为: It . ②抄别人的作业没用。 . 改为: It . To see is to believe Smoking is harmful to our health To learn English is very difficult Copying others' homework is no use is very difficult to learn English is no use copying others' homework ⑴位置:①位于谓语动词后: eg. I enjoy reading novels. 我喜欢看小说。 ②位于介词后: 2.动名词(V-ing)作宾语 公式:动词 + doing sth. dream of/give up/put off/insist on/get used to + doing sth. 梦想/放弃/推迟/坚持/习惯于做某事 like/enjoy(喜欢) mind(介意) suggest(建议) finish(完成) practise(练习) risk(冒险) avoid(避免) admit(承认) consider(考虑) imagine/fancy(想象) be concerned about doing sth. 担心做... be afraid of doing sth. 对做...感到害怕 take responsible for doing sth. 对做...负责 have difficulty in doing sth. 在做...上有困难 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做.. charge sb. with doing sth. 控告某人做... persuade sb. into doing sth. 劝说某人做... e.g. ①You must give up smoking. 你必须戒烟。 ②The patients have difficulty in breathing. 病人在呼吸上有困难(breathe vt.呼吸 breath n. 呼吸) ③He persuaded them into wearing masks. 他劝过他们戴口罩。 ① try to do try doing ② remember to do remember doing ③ forget to do forget doing ④ mean to do mean doing 努力做... 尝试做... 记得要做... 记得做过... 忘记要做... 忘记做过... 打算做... 意味着... 停下去做(另一件事) 停止做(正在做的事) 继续去做(另一件事) 继续做(原先没做完的事) 遗憾要做... 后悔做过... ⑤ stop to do stop doing ⑥ go on to do go on doing ⑦ regret to do regret doing ⑧ can't help to do can't help doing 迫不及待做... 情不自禁做... ⑵不定式和动名词作宾语的区别: ⑴位置:通常位于be动词的之后,表示抽象性或习惯性动作。 ⑵例句: eg. My hobby is playing ping-pong. 我的爱好是打乒乓球。 3.动名词(V-ing)作表语 公式: 主语+ be + doing sth. ...是... ⑴位置:通常位于所修饰的名词前,表示所修饰名词的用途或作用。 ⑵例句: We should keep silent in the reading room. 我们在阅览室要保持安静。 4.动名词(V-ing)作定语 ① reading room 阅览室 waiting room 等候室 changing room 更衣室 operating room 手术室 living room 客厅 consulting room 诊室 ② working hours 工作时间 opening hours 营业时间 closing time下班时间 ③ swimming pool 游泳池 parking lot 停车场 cooking oil 食用油 drinking water 饮用水 walking stick 拐杖 washing machine 洗衣机 driving license 驾驶证 building materials 建筑材料 ⑴构成:通常位于被修饰的名词前,表示被修饰词的用途。 ⑵例句: ① Your coming made us very happy. 你的到来让我们很高兴。 Tom's coming made us very happy. Tom的到来让我们很高兴。 ② I didn't hear of her going abroad. 我没听说他要出国。 I didn't hear of Betty’ going abroad. 我没听说Betty要出国。 5.动名词(V-ing)的复合结构 公式:形容词性物主代词+ 动名词 公式:名词所有格('s)+ 动名词 非谓语动词 ——⑶现在分词 VS过去分词 1.现在分词作表语 1.现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作表语 ⑴用法: ①现在分词作表语表示主语的特征(是什么)。 ②过去分词作表语表示主语的状态(怎么样)。 注意:很多作表语的现在分词和过去分词都变成了形容词,总是和系动词(be,seem,remain,feel,look等)连用。 ⑵例句: ① The music is much (please) to the ear. 音乐非常优美悦耳。 ② I am very (please) to help you. 我很高兴能帮到你。 ⑶非谓语动词作表语的区别: ①不定式作表语侧重表示将来发生动作。 ②动名词作表语侧重表示行为动作的名称,不强调动作。 ③现在分词作表语表示主语的特征。 ④过去分词作表语表示主语的状态。 eg. ①Her wish is (become) a famous singer. 她的愿望是成为一名歌手。 ②His job is (design) clothes. 他的工作是设计衣服。 ③ The story is very (move). 这个故事很感人。 ④We were deeply (move) by his story. 我们被他的故事深深地打动了。 pleasing pleased to become designing moving moved 1.现在分词作表语 2.现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作定语 ⑴用法: ①现在分词作定语表示主动和进行。 ②vt.的过去分词作定语表示被动和完成, vi.的过去分词作定语只表示完成。 ⑵语态上的区别:现在分词—主动;过去分词—被动 ① a (fly) bird(一只飞鸟) a (break) heart (一颗破碎的心) ② (rise) sun(冉冉升起) (pollute) water(污水) ③ the (rule)class (统治阶级) the (rule) class (被统治阶级) ⑶时间上的区别:现在分词—正在进行;过去分词—已经完成 ① 一片叶子:a (fall) leaf (正在飘落) a (fall)leaf (已经落下) ②一个国家:a (develop)country(发展中国家) a (develop)country(发达国家) ③水: (boil)water(正在沸腾) (boil) water (已经烧开) flying broken rising polluted ruling ruled falling fallen developing developed boiling boiled fall—fell—fallen 掉落 feel—felt—felt 感觉 3.现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作状语 ① (walk) in the street, I saw him. 当我在街上走时,看到了他。 (finish)his homework, he was allowed to watch TV.当他完成作业后,被允许看电视。 ② (be) ill, she didn't go to school yesterday. 因为生病,她昨天没来上学。 ________(lose) in deep thought, he didn't hear the ring. 由于沉浸于思考之中,他没听到零声。 ③ (work) hard, you will succeed in learning English. 如果你努力学习,你会学好英语。 (see) by the cat, the mouse will run immediately. 如果老鼠被猫看见,它会立刻就跑。 ①时间状语 ②原因状语 ③条件状语 ④结果状语 ⑤方式状语 ⑥伴随状语 现在分词的一般式: 非谓语动作与谓语动作同时发生; 现在分词的完成式: 非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前. Walking Having finished Being Lost Working Seen 3.现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作状语 ④ The old man slipped and fell, (hurt) his head. 老人滑倒了,头受伤了。 ⑤ (use) a stick, the painter drew a horse on the ground. 画家用一个木棍在地上画了一匹马。 (dress) in red, she suddenly appeared. 她突然出现了,一身红衣。 ⑥She sat there (read) a novel. 她坐在那里看小说。 He walked into the office after class, (follow) by two students. 下课后,他走进办公室,身后跟着两个学生。 ⑦ (take) more care, he still made many mistakes. 尽管他多加小心,他还是犯了很多错误。 (hurt) by the dog, the girl still looked after it. 尽管被狗伤到了,女孩仍然照顾它。 ①时间状语 ②原因状语 ③条件状语 ④结果状语 ⑤方式状语 ⑥伴随状语 ⑦让步状语 现在分词和过去分词作伴随状语,表示非谓语动作与谓语动作同时发生。 作结果状语:现在分词侧重自然而然地结果,动词不定式侧重出人意料的结果。 hurting Using Dressed reading followed Taking Hurt hurt—hurt—hurt 伤害 1.现在分词作表语 4.现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作宾补 ⑴用法: ①现在分词作宾补表示宾语和宾补是主动关系且宾补的动作正在进行。 ②过去分词作宾补表示宾语和宾补是被动关系且宾补的动作已完成。 ⑵例句: ①I found a beggar (stand) at the door. 我发现一个乞丐站在门口。 ②He felt himself (cheat). 他感觉自己被骗了。 standing cheated 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 ⑴She wanted (see) which shop offered(提供) the best service(服务). ⑵All the artists (invite) to the party were from South Africa. ⑶The man (talk) to Mr. Brown is a professor from Peking University. ⑷Jack suggested (put) off the meeting till(直到) tomorrow. ⑸ (write) in a hurry(匆忙地), this article was not very good. ⑹⑺He was the first actor (receive) an Academy Award(学术奖). ⑻That girl only eats fresh apples (pick) from the apple tree. ⑼The only way (change) your life is to work hard. to see invited talking putting Written to receive picked to change write—wrote—written 写 2. 单句改错。 ⑴While wait for the bus, he recited a poem(背诗). ⑵My sister enjoys listen to music. ⑶Heard the alarm(警报), people ran out of(跑出) the building. ⑷She tried to make herself understand in English. ⑸I asked her not share my secrects(秘密) with anyone. waiting listening Hearing understood to ask sb. (not) to do sth. 让某人(不要)做某事 make sb./sth done 让某人/某事被... hear—heard—heard 听 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某事 *状语从句的省略: 在while/when/if/although等引导的时间/条件/让步状语从句中, 若①主句和从句的主语一致 (或从句主语是it) ②从句谓语部分含有be动词, 则可以省略从句的主语和be动词。 understand—understood—understood理解 Part2 非谓语动词的使用 Task 1. 学会判断何时使用非谓语动词 ①The girl (read) books in the classroom now. ②The girl (read) books in the classroom everyday and she looks very confident. ③The girl (read) books in the classroom now looks very confident. ④The girl who (read) books in the classroom now looks very confident. is reading reads reading 分析:该句 连接词/引导词,是 句, 谓语动词,所以横线上填 动词,根据时间标志词 ,谓语动词的时态为 。 is reading 无 简单 无 谓语 now 现在进行时(am/is/are+V-ing) 分析:该句_____连词 ,是 句;其中, 左边的 句中 谓语动词,所以横线上填 动词,时态为 。(注意: and连接的两个句子,谓语动词的时态保持一致) 有 and 并列 and 简单 无 谓语 一般现在时 分析:该句 引导词 ,是 句,从句 谓语动词,所以横线上填 动词,根据时间标志词 ,谓语动词的时态为 。 分析:该句 连接词/引导词,是 句, 谓语动词,所以横线上填 动词, 因为the girls与动词read之间是 关系,所以非谓语动词选 。 无 非谓语 简单 主动 现在分词(V-ing) 有 有 who (主从)复合 无 谓语 now 现在进行时(am/is/are+V-ing) 使用非谓语动词的条件: 如果句中已经存在一个 动词, 那么在没有 的情况下, 这个句子就是 句, 那么,另一个动词要选用 动词。 → 总结: 谓语 连词或引导词 简单 非谓语 Exercise 1 判断下列句子应使用(A.谓语)还是 (B.非谓语动词)。 (1)The book _____(write) by San Mao. (2)I like reading the novels ____ (write) by San Mao. written A B was written (3)He_____(go) into the classroom, opened his book and wrote on the blackboard. (4)Although it is winter now, the tree in the school campus ____(look) beautiful. A A went looks (5)The girl that lives in the city _____(make) a phone call to the farmer yesterday. (6)She got off the bus, but _____(leave) her book in the bus. (7)She got off the bus, ______(hold) her book. A A B made left holding (1)He often works hard to earn more money. (2)The meeting is to be held next week. → 动词不定式to do 在句中通常表示: 和 。 (3)Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing. (4)We see them dancing in the TV now. → 现在分词(doing) 通常在句中表示: 和 。 (5)Pointed at by others, he felt very angry. (6)You can drink boiled water. → 过去分词(done) 通常在句中表示: 和 。 目的 Task 2. 如何选择恰当的非谓语动词形式 将来 主动 进行 被动 完成 2 1 点击添加文本 点击添加文本 点击添加文本 点击添加文本 Summary总结: 判断非谓语动词的形式: → 表目的和将来,用__________________ → 表主动和进行,用__________________ → 表被动和完成,用__________________ 确定谓语动词 or 非谓语动词 ? →填非谓语动词:句子中已有 且无 。 逻辑主语 与非谓语 之间 谓语动词 连词或引导词 不定式to do 现在分词doing 过去分词done $$

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Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Discover Useful Structures 非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
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Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Discover Useful Structures 非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
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Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Discover Useful Structures 非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
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Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Discover Useful Structures 非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
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Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Discover Useful Structures 非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
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Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Discover Useful Structures 非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
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