完形填空 学案（微技能三）-2025届高三下学期英语二轮复习专项

专题二 完形填空 微技能三 【学习目标】 一：考点归纳 　高考具有选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难的题目成为学生取得高分的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③文中人物的情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，学生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应提升思维品质和推理能力。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后决断。 二：易错易混点归纳 易错点（一）　因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选 语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求学生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理判断，从而作出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再作判定。 【典例】　（2023·1月浙江卷） Here， in south-east Ethiopia， hand-carved beehives （蜂箱） are placed in the 　42　. Reaching them to get the honey is difficult — and often 43.dangerous. I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45.gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves， wrapped them with string， and 46.lit the bunch to create a torch （火把）. Then， with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree， Ziyad began 47.climbing. He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk. 49.Finally， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. 42.A.courtyards　　　　B.fields　　　　C.treetops　　　　D.caves 易错点（二）　因不能正确区分形近词或近义词而错选 完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或近义词让学生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果学生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易错选。 【典例】　 （2023·全国乙卷） As it turned out， Douglas did 　50　 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51.defeated two Russians. The Chinese coach 52.transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53.world， helping her skyrocket from an 54.average member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 55.winning the Olympic all-around title， she became the first black woman to do so. She 56.led the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 57.confident all along that she would win. 50.A.approximately　　B.gradually　　C.exactly　　D.possibly 易错点（三）　因词汇理解障碍而错选 在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成错选。对于这些词汇，学生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。 【典例】　（2023·1月浙江卷） 49.Finally， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.Sitting on a branch， he 　50　 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly， Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds， he’d 51.slid down the trunk and was back on the ground. It was too 52.early to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 53.hatching. Baby bees were still in the honeycombs （蜂巢）. 50.A.backed　　　B.dived　　　C.shouted　　　D.inched 易错点（四）　因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选 在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是学生容易失分的一个地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“生义”而出现思维障碍，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。 【典例】　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） Although the two young women were strangers before the 　54　， they’ve since become friends.Neither won the race， but the 55.display of human kindness won the day. 54.A.ride　　　B.test　　　C.meet　　　D.show 易错点（五）　因惯性思维而错选 　　在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如我们的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能让学生形成一些思维定式。这些思维定式往往导致我们作出错误的选择。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况： （1）学习单词时受到的思维定式影响 学生往往过于简单化地记忆单词的中文意思，而忽略实际用法及英汉差异。例：不能用succeed to do sth表达“成功做某事”。解题时要关注语境、含义、用法及词形转化。 （2）学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响 学生在学习词组时容易受到思维定式影响。例：学习wait for后，有些学生在遇到wait后面接介词时，就选择for。但在He stopped his car to wait at the red light.中不用for。解题时要注意文章结构、上下文逻辑关系，整句理解和整段把握。 【典例】　（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） The flight was 53.uneventful， and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day， she 　54　 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so 55.thankful and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 54.A.returned　　　B.fought　　　C.flew　　　D.agreed 三、典例探究 （2024·重庆名校联盟联考）I was then in my early twenties.Even though I was armed with a degree in Education， finding a 　1　 teaching job was not easy.I had to try some temporary ones. 　　This year， when a golden opportunity 　2　 to teach 5th grade students in a local school， I 　3　 it and took things seriously.I 　4　 myself with lesson plans， taught with enthusiasm， and stayed 　5　 with the students.I had no hesitation in 　6　 the kids when they got the answer right， and encouraged them if they didn’t. 　　One day when the kids were 　7　，a girl approached and handed me a 　8　 before she went home.On it was a lovely drawing full of childlike wonder， 　9　 by the words， “You are the best teacher I have ever had！” It really amazed me that one of my kind comments had 　10　 that girl’s heart greatly.I took that note home and 　11　 put it in a folder， looking on it as a 　12　 because it was very important.Anytime I was feeling down I would look at it and it proved to be a 　13　. 　　That experience showed me the 　14　 of just a single kind word.It encouraged me to continue to try my best each day to 　15　 love and kindness through my words and actions.Wish the same for others. 1.（　）A.first-rate B.well-paid C.labor-saving D.full-time 2.（　）A.escaped B.demanded C.arose D.arranged 3.（　）A.jumped at B.thought about C.waited for D.dreamt of 4.（　）A.occupied B.amused C.concerned D.contented 5.（　）A.familiar B.positive C.strict D.consistent 6.（　）A.evaluating B.supporting C.instructing D.congratulating 7.（　）A.graded B.dismissed C.tested D.taught 8.（　）A.note B.gift C.parcel D.book 9.（　）A.judged B.indicated C.emphasized D.accompanied 10.（　）A.hardened B.touched C.broken D.gladdened 11.（　）A.simply B.casually C.carefully D.eagerly 12.（　）A.reminder B.treasure C.proof D.secret 13.（　）A.comfort B.fortune C.fantasy D.privilege 14.（　）A.target B.application C.power D.principle 15.（　）A.clarify B.find C.feel D.spread 四、训练检测 Test 1 （2023·铜仁二模）A 12-year-old artist from Iowa is using his artworks to raise awareness and money for children’s cancer. When Arsh Pal was eight years old， he was 　1　 painting supplies for his birthday.He began painting watercolour canvases （油画）， and had made so many that he began 　2　 some of them to his family and friends as gifts. As time went on， Pal got even better at painting， and his paintings grew in 　3　 in America， especially among the young people. 　4　， he started selling his paintings and 　5　 100 percent of his proceeds （收入） to St.Jude Children’s Research Hospital.He set a 　6　 to raise $1，000， which he quickly 　7　.Since then， Pal has 　8　 more than $15，000， and has donated to at least five charities. For all of his hard work and 　9　， Pal was recently honoured with the Diana Award， a 　10　 youth humanitarian award named after the late Princess Diana.The 　11　 is given to “outstanding young people” between the ages of 9 and 25 who are “　12　 creating and sustaining positive social change”. “I feel really 　13　 that I’ve got it because it’s a pretty big award，” Pal told Des Moines Register. In his free time， Pal also 　14　 nursing home residents how to paint.He hopes to soon start teaching free painting lessons to kids as well， particularly those who 　15　 from bad anxiety and emotional struggles. 1.A.gifted　　 B.promised C.advised　　　 D.expected 2.A.going over　　B.turning down C.putting away 　　 D.giving away 3.A.scale　　 B.content C.popularity　　　 D.degree 4.A.Hopefully　　 B.Eventually C.Obviously　　　 D.Generally 5.A.providing　　 B.donating C.delivering　　　 D.lending 6.A.plan　　 B.dream C.goal　 　　 D.purpose 7.A.reached　　 B.changed C.supported　　　 D.decided 8.A.promoted　　 B.requested C.gathered　　　 D.raised 9.A.honesty　　 B.patience C.generosity　　　 D.courage 10.A.famous　　 B.normal C.similar　 　　 D.regular 11.A.title　　 B.award C.money　　　 D.status 12.A.naturally　　 B.formally C.effectively　　　 D.selflessly 13.A.nervous　　 B.curious C.happy　 　　 D.confused 14.A.teaches　　 B.observes C.informs　　　 D.arranges 15.A.escape　　 B.separate C.benefit　　　 D.suffer Test 2 （2023·武汉模拟）The schools in Massachusetts were thought as the best in the country. And an Olympic-size swimming pool was the 　1　. But it wasn’t for me. I was quite 　2　 in regular classes and sat in the back so I’d not be 　3　 to read. Each Monday I would work my way to the back of the 　4　 forming at the diving board so I would not have to practice the dives. My blood ran cold when the teacher 　5　 we would be graded for our final on the most difficult dive — the jackknife. I trembled as the line to the diving board 　6　.As I watched， each student seemed to perform the dive 　7　. They just jumped at the end of the board once， added a jump for 　8　， folded her body in half， and finally 　9　 out like an arrow for entry into the water. I think I was actually in a state of 　10　， because all of a sudden I saw these four steps as　11　. Then it was my turn. With my heart 　12　， I barely finished as I had 　13　 in my mind. Though I received an average grade that day， I was 　14　 with it. It was awesome to think that I just learned my first dive； 　15　， I believed whatever I met in the future， I would give a try first. 1.A.biggest B.focus C.proof　　 D.best 2.A.shy　　 B.autonomous C.consistent　　 D.dull 3.A.called in　　 B.called upon C.pulled up　　 D.pulled apart 4.A.seat　　 B.room C.pool　　 D.line 5.A.claimed　　 B.instructed C.suggested　　 D.announced 6.A.lengthened　 B.shortened C.formed　　 D.disappeared 7.A.effortlessly　 B.undoubtedly C.hopelessly　 D.unbelievably 8. A.grades　　 B.dive C.height　　 D.action 9.A.jumped　　 B.stuck C.reached　　 D.straightened 10.A.hesitation　 B.shock C.satisfaction　 D.confusion 11.A.acceptable B.reasonable C.doable　　 D.breathable 12.A.pounding B.torn C.broken　　 D.sinking 13.A.pictured B.judged C.expected　　 D.mentioned 14.A.patient B.strict C.pleased　　 D.connected 15.A.however B.instead C.overall　　 D.meanwhile 完形填空--微技能三答案 【典例】　（2023·1月浙江卷） 解析　本题是典型的语篇层次题，仅凭题目所在的句子无法确定答案，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据下文中的... Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground可知，养蜂人Ziyad爬到了离地面约20米的高处。由此可知，蜂箱应该在树顶。 自主解答　C 【典例】　 （2023·全国乙卷） 解析　四个选项形式相似、词性相同，部分学生容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用联系上下文分析法解题。根据下文可知，道格拉斯后来取得了非凡的成绩，这正是她所需要做的事。此处exactly意为“恰好，正好”，在句中用于强调。 自主解答　C 【典例】　（2023·1月浙江卷） 解析　根据上文可知，收获蜂蜜是在离地面约20米的树顶上，因此Ziyad应该是小心翼翼地朝着蜂箱缓慢移动。inch指“（使朝某方向）谨慎移动”，对于学生而言，这一含义较为生僻，较难选出正确答案。 自主解答　D 【典例】　（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） 解析　根据上下文可知，Bailey和Lenoue在比赛前素不相识，但这之后成了朋友。meet除了“会议；见面”等常见意思外，还有“运动会；体育比赛”的含义。 自主解答　C 【典例】　（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） 解析　根据上下文可知，作者带着狗狗到达了堪萨斯城，后面的行程由Karen带着狗继续飞往弗吉尼亚。但学生受思维定式影响，可能看到with就下意识地以为选择agree with这个固定搭配，从而误选。 自主解答　C 【典例剖析】 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者20多岁时得到进入当地一所学校任教的机会。一天放学时，一个小女孩给了作者一张便笺，称作者是她遇到的最好的老师，这让作者非常惊讶。这次经历也让作者认识到善意话语的力量。 1.D　根据上文的Even though I was armed with a degree in Education和下文的I had to try some temporary ones.可知，此处表示虽然作者有教育学位，但找到一个全职的教学工作依旧不容易，因此作者不得不尝试一些临时的教学工作。 2.C　根据上下文可知，当一个绝佳的机会出现时，作者迫不及待地抓住这次机会。 3.A　参见上题解析。jump at a chance/an opportunity抓住一个机会。 4.A　根据上文的took things seriously可知，此处指作者忙于课程计划。occupy oneself with sth意为“忙着做某事”。 5.B　根据上文的taught with enthusiasm和下文作者对学生的态度可知，此处强调作者始终积极地对待学生。 6.D　根据下文when they got the answer right， and encouraged them if they didn’t并结合常识可知，学生回答问题正确时作者会向他们表示祝贺。 7.B　根据下文before she went home可知，此处表示一天，当学生放学时。 8.A　根据下文的I took that note home可知，一个女孩走过来递给作者一张便笺。 9.D　根据上下文可知，便笺上是一幅美丽的画，充满了孩子般的好奇，还附有一些文字。 10.B　根据上文的You are the best teacher I have ever had！可知，作者善意的话语触动了那个女孩的心。 11.C　根据下文because it was very important可知，作者应该是把那张纸条小心翼翼地放在一个文件夹里。 12.B　根据上文的I took that note home and 　11　 put it in a folder和空后的because it was very important可知，作者很珍视这个便笺，把它视为珍宝。 13.A　根据上文的Anytime I was feeling down I would look at it可知，每次作者感到情绪低沉时，都会看看这张便笺。由此可知，这张便笺对作者来说是一种安慰。 14.C　根据下文可知，那句话一直鼓励着作者，所以是向他展示了一句友善的话语的力量。 15.D　根据空后love and kindness through my words and actions可知，作者通过自己的言行来传播爱和善良。 Test 1 【训练检测】Test 1 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Arsh Pal是来自美国爱荷华州的一名12岁的小画家，他将卖画所得全部捐给医院和慈善机构，来帮助那些患有癌症的儿童。 解析：A　根据下文for his birthday可知，画画用品是人们赠送给Arsh Pal的生日礼物。这里gift是动词，意为“赠送”。 解析：D　根据下文as gifts可知，Arsh Pal将一些自己的画送给家人和朋友。give away意为“赠送”。 解析：C　由于Arsh Pal的画越来越好，因此受到越来越多的人喜欢。grow in popularity是固定表达，意为“越来越受欢迎”。 解析：B　最后，Arsh Pal开始售卖自己画的画。 解析：B　根据下文his proceeds （收入） to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital可知，Arsh Pal将自己卖画所得全部捐给了该医院。 解析：C　根据下文的to raise $1，000可知，Arsh Pal给自己设定了一个目标。 解析：A　Arsh Pal很快就实现了自己所设定的目标。reach/achieve/attain a goal意为“实现目标”。 解析：D　从那时起，Arsh Pal已经募集了超过15，000美元。raise意为“募集（资金）”。 解析：C　Arsh Pal前面所表现出来的优秀品质主要是慷慨大方。 解析：A　根据下文named after the late Princess Diana可知，戴安娜奖是一项著名的慈善奖。 解析：B　这里进一步介绍了前面提到的戴安娜奖这项大奖。 解析：D　戴安娜奖主要授予那些无私地创造和维持积极的社会改变的9到25岁的杰出少年。 解析：C　Arsh Pal获得戴安娜奖后自然是非常高兴的。 解析：A　根据下文how to paint可知，Arsh Pal在空闲时间也教养老院的居民画画。 解析：D　Arsh Pal打算特别关心那些患有严重焦虑和心理问题的孩子们。suffer from意为“经历或遭受（不愉快之事）”。 Test 2 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了害羞的作者参加跳水考试的经历。 解析：C　根据上文The schools in Massachusetts were thought as the best in the country.可知，奥林匹克规模的游泳池证明了上文的说法。 解析：A　根据下文sat in the back可知，作者害羞，所以坐在后面。 解析：B　根据下文to read可知，作者很害羞，因此坐在后面，这样就不会被要求阅读。 解析：D　根据下文forming at the diving board可知，这里line指跳板前排队的队伍。 解析：D　根据下文we would be graded for our final on the most difficult dive可知，此处指老师宣布考试跳水科目。 解析：B　根据上文I trembled as the line to the diving board可知，前面的人都陆续跳水了，所以队伍缩短了，作者很害怕。 解析：A　结合下文的描述可知，作者看着别的同学都完成得毫不费力。 解析：C　根据上文added a jump for可知，跳跃是为了增加跳水的高度。 解析：D　根据下文out like an arrow可知，他们身体像箭一样伸直。 解析：B　作者当时真的很震惊，因为自己之前很害怕跳水，现在突然觉得自己也能完成。 解析：C　结合下文作者通过了跳水考试可知，作者觉得这四个步骤是可行的。 解析：A　根据上文提到作者害怕跳水并结合With my heart可知，这里指作者心跳加速。 解析：A　根据下文in my mind可知，这里指作者脑海中想象的画面。 解析：C　虽然那天作者的成绩一般，但是他很满意。 解析：D　根据下文I believed whatever I met in the future， I would give a try first可知，作者学会了跳水的同时，有了自信心，相信无论自己在未来遇到什么，都会先尝试一下。 第 1页 (共6页) 第 2页 (共6页) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$