Unit 3 The Internet Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Talk about something that has been done Discovering useful structures How Jan’s life has been improved by the Internet? Read the summary below and underline the different verb forms. The Internet has helped Jan deal with her illness. Jan has got support from the Internet. Jan has been inspired by the people she met online. Jan has started an IT club to help others. Many people have been helped by the club. A 59-year-old man has been taught how to apply for work online and has found a job. A 61-year-old woman has been helped to start an online company and her company has become successful. Jan has set a new goal to bridge the digital divide. Recap What tense is used? What are the structures and meanings of it? present perfect tense 现在完成时 Structures：have/has done + v-ed Meanings：① 表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响; ② 表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。 the passive voice of present perfect tense 现在完成时的被动语态 结构： 肯定式：have/has + been + v-ed 否定式：have/has + not + been + v-ed 一般疑问句： Have/Has +主语+ been +v-ed? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词+have/has +been+ v-ed? the passive voice of present perfect tense 现在完成时的被动语态 用法 1. 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。 如： The machine has already been repaired. 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...?”句型中。 如： Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. How long has this film been shown? 3. 用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. the passive voice of present perfect tense 现在完成时的被动语态 注意： 1. 现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态及一般过去时的被动语态的区别 The machine has been repaired. The machine is being repaired now. The machine was repaired yesterday. 2. 非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。 例：工程已开始三个月了。 The project has been started for three months. The project has been on for three months. （说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“现在修好了”） （说明动作正在进行） （只说明动作发生在过去） （F） （T） already 已经 yet 已经 recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起 ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经 so far 迄今为止 by now 到现在为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 in recent years 在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有： Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. They’ve built a kind of new PC with more functions. A kind of new PC has been built with more functions. 1. I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer. 2. Someone has lost an identity card. The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer. An identity card has been lost. Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. 3. Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password? 4. Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file? 5. Has anyone made a comment about the online database? Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed? Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file? Has a/any comment been made about the online database? How to change the active into passive forms？ 现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态的注意事项： 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 例：Tom has sold out all the magazines. → All the magazines have been sold out by Tom. 带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。 We have given him the book. → He has been given the book. → The book has been given to him. 现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态的注意事项： 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。 例：After decorating the Amber Room with jewels, the artists have made it more splendid. → After being decorated with jewels, the Amber Room has been made more splendid. 注意：带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，若宾语补足语为省略to的不定式充当时，在被动语态中需将省掉的to加上。 例：The boss has made his company offer more chances for people to work. → His company has been made to offer more chances for people to work. 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。 例：It’s said that the problem has been looked into. 练习： 1. So far, much _____________ (do) to meet the reasonable demands of patients for health care and improve the overall development of hospitals. 2. Rainforests ______________ (cut) and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. 3. The reporter said that the car _____________ (travel) east to west when he saw it. 4. There are lots of problems in the city, but we’re happy to see many of them_________________(solve) at present. 5. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement________________(reach) so far by the two sides. 6.In the last few years thousands of films__________________(produce)all over the word. has been done are being cut was travelling are being solved has been reached have been produced 7. My son ______________(write)his homework when I left home. I wondered if he ___________ (finish)it by now. 8. ——You look excited! ——I _____________(find) the expensive dictionary that I left in the library yesterday. was writing has finished had found Complete the text with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Social media ___________ (use) widely nowadays, and some concerns about its negative effects on teens’ health ______________ (raise) by the British Psychological Society. Among teenagers, much time _____________ (invest) on social media. Their confidence ___________ (hurt); sleep quality _________________ (affect). Students ___________________ (encourage) to use social media responsibly. Some self-regulation skills _________________ (develop) to help young people. However, it is easy to say than to do. have been used have been developed have been raised has been invested has been hurt has been affected have been encouraged ｓｈａｒｉｎｇ How has your way of life been changed by the Internet? the way you shop the way you study the way you travel the way you eat the way you contact friends ．．． Ｈｏｍｅｗｏｒｋ Finish the exercises in “Using Structures” on page 74-75. $$