内容正文:
Unit 4 No Rules,No Order
Unit 1
重点词汇
1.order ['ɔːdə] n.秩序;命令 v.点菜; 命令
2. rule [ruːl] n.规则;规章
3.follow ['fɒləʊ] v.遵循;跟随
4.arrive [ə'raɪv] v.到达
5.hallway ['hɔːlweɪ] n.走廊;过道
6.uniform ['juːnɪfɔːm] n.校服;制服
7.litter ['litə(r)] v.乱扔 n.垃圾
8.polite [pəˈlaɪt] adj.有礼貌的
9.treat [tri:t] v.对待;招待;治疗 n.款待
10.respect[ri'spekt] n.& v.尊敬
11.if/if/conj.如果
12.jacket [ˈdʒækɪt] n.夹克衫;短上衣
13.everything ['evriθin] pron.每件事;一切
14.lend [ lend] v.借给;借出
15.sweet [ swi:t] n.糖果 adj.甜的
16.snack [snæk] n.点心;小吃
17.mobile [ˈməʊbaɪl] adj.可移动的
18.queue [kju:] n.队
19.feed [fi:d] v.喂养;饲养
20.leave [li:v] v.离开;留下
21.absent [ˈæbsənt] adj.缺席的;不在的
22.shh [f] (=sh)interj. 嘘(用以让别人安静下来)
23.quietly ['kwaɪətli] adv.轻声地;安静地
24.belt [belt] n.安全带;腰带;皮带
25.noise ['nɒɪz] adj.吵闹的n.声音;噪声
26.unhappy [ʌnˈhæpi] adj.不快乐的
27.Dr(=doctor)博士;医生
28.either ['aıðə(r); 'i:ðə(r)] adv.也(用于否定词组后)
29.practise [ˈpræktɪs] v.训练;练习
30.hang [hæŋ] v.悬挂
31.weekday [ˈwiːkdeɪ] n.工作日(星期一至星期五的任何一天)
32.awful [ˈɔːfl] adj.糟糕的;讨厌的
33.become [bɪˈkʌm] v.变成;成为
34.better [ˈbetə(r)] adj.较好的 adv.较好地
35.person [ˈpɜːsn] n.人
36.focus [ˈfəʊkəs] v.集中(注意力、精力等);聚焦
37.build [bild] v.创建;建造
38.spirit ['spirit] n.精神;情绪
39.relax [rɪ'læks] v.放松;休息
40.advice [əd' vais] n.建议;意见
41.understand [ˌʌndəˈstænd] v.理解;领会
42.untidy [ʌnˈtaɪdi] adj.不整洁的
重点短语
1.be late for 迟到 2. on time 准时
3. in class 在课堂上 4. put up your hand 举手
5. keep +形容词 保持... 6.be polite 有礼貌
7. want to do sth. 想要做某事 8. have to 不得不
9. follow rules 遵守规则 10. wear the school uniform穿校服
11. be good for... 对......有好处 12.raise one’s hand 举手
13. keep the rules 遵守规则 14. have fun 玩得开心
15. would you like... 想要......
16. lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
17. of course 当然 18.answer the phone 接电话
19. bring to 带来 20. mobile phone 移动电话
21. turn off 关掉 22. thanks for... 因......而感谢
23. jump the queue 插队 24. talk quietly 小声讲话
25. wait for 等待 26. be absent from 缺席
27. put on 穿上 28. keep quiet 保持安静
29. make noise 制造噪音 30. too many 太多
31. make sb’s/the bed 整理床铺 32. before breakfast早餐前
33. finish one’s homework 完成作业 34. on weekdays 在工作日
35. need to do sth. 需要去做某事 36. hang out 闲逛,常去某处
37. focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
38.build school spirit 建立校风
39.make the world better 让世界变得更好
40.think about 思考,考虑
41.get on/along well with sb. 和某人好好相处
42. take care of...=look after... 照顾
43. fight with 和……打架
44. be kind to our classmates 善待我们的同学
典型句型
1. Wear the school uniform. 穿校服。
2. Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy.
不要乱扔垃圾,保持你的学校干净整洁。
3.Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 礼貌待人,尊重他人。
4.Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher.
如果你想问老师问题,请举手。
5. —Can’t Mary run in the hallway? 玛丽能在走廊里跑吗?
—No, she can’t. She has to walk in the hallway.
不,她不能,她只能在走廊里走。
6. We can’t bring our mobile phones to class. 我们不能带手机去上课。
7. We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers.
我们必须关机,把它们放在我们的储物柜里。
8. Why is the day special for Tom? 为什么这一天对汤姆来说是特别的。
9. Why doesn’t Anne take a sweet from Tom?
为什么安妮不从汤姆那里拿走糖果。
10. Don’t jump in queue. You must wait for your turn.
不要插队,你必须等到轮到你。
11.You must tell your teacher about it when you have to be absent from class.
你缺席的时候必须要告诉你的老师这件事。
12. I have to hurry to school because I can’t be late for school.
我必须赶紧去学校,因为我不能上学迟到。
13. I can only play basketball after I practise the piano.
我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。
14. I know some rules are important, but this is awful .
我知道有一些规则很重要,但是这个太糟糕了。
15. They can help you to become a better person.
规则可以帮助你成为一个更好的人。
16. You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning.
你不能在课堂上使用手机,因为你需要专注于学习。
17. You have to wear a uniform because it builds school spirit.
你必须穿校服,因为它能建立校风。
18. And you can hang out with friends at weekends!
周末你可以和朋友出去玩!
19. Rules can help to make the world better. 规则可以帮助世界变得更好。
20.I know it can be difficult to follow many rules, but rules can be good for us. 我知道遵守这么多规则可能很困难,但规则对我们有好处。
语言目标
掌握祈使句的用法以及使用情态动词can, have to和must 来讨论规则。
【考点1】 Don’t be late for class. Arrive on time.
上课不要迟到。准时到达。
【详解】 动词短语be late for意为“迟到”,侧重于状态;同义短语arrive late for 则侧重到达的时间晚
例如:arrive late for class/school. = be late for class/school. 上课/上学迟到
【拓展1】
arrive 意为“到达”。 arrive at + 小地点,arrive in +大地点。
例如:I will arrive in Beijing next week. 我下周到北京。
I arrived at the small village on a cold morning. 在一个寒冷的早晨我到达了那个小村庄。
注意:arrive 后面跟地点副词here, there, home时,不需要跟介词。
如:arrive home 到家 arrive here 到这儿
辨析:arrive , reach与get 的区别
① arrive at + 小地点,arrive in +大地点。
② get to + 地点(名词)
③ reach + 地点 (名词)
【拓展2】
辨析on time与in time
on time
准时(在规定的时间之内)
表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生。
in time
及时(恰在时间点上)
强调与某个时刻一致。
和time有关的短语:
at times 有时 at the same time 同时 from time to time 不时 all the time 一直
【典例】
1.Mr Brown arrived ________ airport yesterday. (用at 或者in填空)
2.Li Ming arrives _______ Beijing with his parents. (用at 或者in填空)
( ) 3.— Is your Sam already in London ?
— Not yet, I think. He’ll give me a call as soon as he _____.
A. will arrive B. gets C. arrives D. reaches
4. 王先生要到伦敦。 (同义句转换)
Mr Wang will ______ ______ London.
= Mr Wang will ______ ______ London.
= Mr Wang will ______ London.
( ) 5.She didn’t catch the bus______ time,so she couldn’t arrive there ______ time.
A. on; in B. in; on C. in; in D. on; on
【考点2】 Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy.
不要乱扔垃圾,保持你的学校干净整洁。
【详解】“keep +sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人或者某物保持某种状态”。此句式中的keep是动词,意为“保留,保存,保持”。
例句:Too much work keeps me busy and tired. 太多的工作让我忙碌而且疲惫。
We must keep the class clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。
【拓展】keep常见的其他用法
1)“keep + 形容词”,意为“保持某种状态”。
例如:Keep quiet, please! 请保持安静!
2)“keep sb. doing sth.”表示“让某人继续/不断地做某事”。
The teacher kept the students reading the words.
【典例】
( )1. — How does your grandpa ____ healthy? —He eats well and exercises every day.
A. make B. leave C. find D. keep
( )2. Please keep your eye _____.
A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close
3. He keeps ________ ( stand ) at the door.
4. I keep him _________ ( wait ) for 2 hours.
【考点3】 Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 礼貌待人,尊重他人。
【详解1】 polite 是形容词,意为“有礼貌的”, 其反义词是impolite,意为“不礼貌的”。
politely是副词,意为“有礼貌地”,其反义词是impolitely,意为“不礼貌地”。
常用搭配: be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌。
【详解2】 treat的用法:
1.作为动词:对待、治疗、款待、处理;
2.作为名词:款待、治疗;
3.固定搭配:
① treat sb to sth 请某人吃或喝某物
例句:I treated my friends to ice cream. 我请朋友们吃了冰淇淋。
② treat sb/sth as 把某人/某物当作... 其含义相当于regard…as…
例句:The teacher treat his students as his son. 老师把学生当作自己的儿子来看待。
③ treat sb for sth. 为某人治疗...
例句:The doctor treated him for a headache. 医生为他治疗了头痛。
④ treat sb with sth “以……方式对待某人”, 跟随的是情感类的名词,如kindness, respect等。
例句:We should treat others with kindness. 我们应该友善待人。
【拓展】 万圣夜的主要活动之一: Trick or treat (不给糖就捣乱),是指万圣节孩子们挨家逐户要糖果等礼物,如不遂愿便恶作剧一番的风俗。
【典例】
( )1.It’s polite ________ thank you when someone helps you.
A.say B.to say C.saying D.said
( )2.—I think Li Lei is a ________ boy.
—I agree with you. He always speaks to others ________.
A.polite; politely B.polite; polite C.politely; politely D.politely; polite
( )3.You should treat him more ________.
A.polite B.politely C.impolitely D.impolite
( )4.After a whole day’s hard work, I treat myself _______ some ice cream.
A.to B.in C.on D.for
( )5.Scrooge now treats everyone with ________, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes.
A.warmth B.warmly C.warm D.warms
( )6.Mr. Li is a kind teacher, but he treats us ________ in our study.
A.politely B.friendly C.strictly D.lively
( )7.After her son died in an accident,the old woman treated her dog ______ her son.
A.for B.like C.from D.as
( )8.Children play “_______” on the people at Halloween.
A.trick or treat B.right or wrong C.come or go D.up or down
9.It is (polite) to speak loudly while eating.
10.Our teacher always tells us to talk to the old (polite).
【考点4】 She has to wear the school uniform. 她必须穿校服。
He must keep the school clean. 他必须保持学校干净。
【详解1】have to意思是"必须、不得不"表示客观上的需要, 后接动词原形,有人称和数的变化。
结构: 主语+have to+动词原形+其他
主语是第三人称单数时 主语+has to+动词原形+其他
否定形式: 主语+don't /doesn't have to+动词原形+其他
主语+doesn't have to+动词原形+其他
一般疑问句: Do 或Does +主语+have to +动词原形+其他 ?
例如:---Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗
---Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的,我必须。 / 不,我不必。
【拓展】must和 have to强调重点不同:两者都表示“必须”,
must 侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事,没有人称和数的变化;
否定为mustn’t 意思为“不准”;
have to 则重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。
【典例】
( )1.He _____to look after his little sister because his mother goes out.
A.must B.have C.has D.had
2.Mike has to clean his bedroom at home.( 改为否定句 )
Mike________ ________ ________clean his bedroom at home.
3.You must do your homework every day.( 改为同义句 )
You________ ________do your homework every day.
4.He has to get up before 6:10 every morning.( 改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答 )
—________he________ ________get up before 6:10 every morning?
—________,he________.
5.They have to wash their hands before meals.( 对画线部分提问 )
________ ________they________ ________ ________before meals?
【详解2】
辨析:1)wear是动词,它的意思是“穿”,它表示状态。
例如:My father wears a T-shirt today. 我爸爸今天穿着T恤衫。
2)put on的意思是“穿上、戴上”,它表示动作。
例如:It’s cold outside, put on your coat please. 外面非常冷,请穿上你的大衣。
3)dress 作动词时,表示“为……穿衣”后接反身代词或人,也可以不接宾语。
例如:Can you dress the baby for me? 你能帮我给孩子穿衣服吗?
4)in 表示穿着的状态,后接颜色或服装。
例如:The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣服的女孩是我姐姐。
【典例】
( )1. The boy ____ glasses is my cousin. He ____ a red T-shirt and a pair of blue jeans.
A. in; wears B. with; wears C. wears; in D. wears; with
2. 她正穿着一件新裙子。 She ________ ________ a new skirt.
3. 请穿上你的外套。 Please ________ ________ your coat.
4. 那个穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。The boy ________ ________ is my brother.
5. 她每天早上给她的弟弟穿衣服。She ________ ________ little brother every morning.
【考点5】 I can lend you my pen. 我可以借我的笔给你。
【详解】lend 意为“借出去”,表示的是把自己的东西借给别人。
【拓展】 辨析lend, borrow与keep
lend
借出
非延续性动词,表示主语把东西借给别人
常用结构:lend sb sth或lend sth to sb
① Can you lend me your pen? 你能借你的笔给我吗?
② You mustn’t lend it to others. 你不准把它借给别人。
borrow
借入[来源:学ZXXK]
非延续性动词,表示主语向别人借东西
常用结构:borrow sth from sb
① Can I borrow your book? 我可以借你的吗?
② I want to borrow a book from you. 我想从你那借一本书。
keep
借(多久)[来源:xx_k.
延续性动词,表示"借某物多长时间",与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
表示借了某物多长时间,可以和时间段以及how long搭配
—How long can I keep the book? 我可以借这本书多久?
—Two weeks. 两个星期。
【图解助记】
【典例】
1. —Can I_______ your computer?
—Sorry, I'm using it, I can't_______ it to you.
A. lend; lend B. borrow; lend
C. borrow; borrow D. lend; borrow
2. I think I can lend my computer _______you.
A. to B. for C. with D. and
3. —How long may I _______ the dictionary?
—For 2 weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
【考点6】 Would you like a sweet? 你想吃甜食吗?
【详解】 would 为情态动词, 无人称,数变化 ,可以缩写成’d
如: I’d=I would you’d =you would he’d=he would
▲ would like 的常用句型:
(1)would like sth. 想要某物
(2)—Would you like some …? 你想要一些……吗?(征求意见)
—Yes, please. 是的,请(肯定回答)
/ —No, thanks.不,谢谢(否定回答)
(3)would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。=want sb. to do sth 想要某人去做某事;
(4)Would you like to do… ? 你愿意去做……吗? (征求意见)
肯定回答: Yes, I’d like / love to.是的,我愿意
否定回答,委婉拒绝:
I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy.或者是 I have to study for a test
I’m afraid not(我恐怕不能), I have to do my homework.
(5)would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。
(6)would like比want/feel like doing sth.(想要做某事)更委婉、更正式,
注意:(1)would like 构成的问句表示委婉语气,some不用变成any。
(2)疑问句时,记得把人称放would like 中间。
【典例】
( )1. —Would you like ________ to my party? —Yes, I’d love to.
A. come B.coming C.to coming D.to come
( )2.—Would you like some ? —Oh, yes, just a little.
A. apples B. carrots C. cakes D. mutton
( )3. —Would you like some orange juice?
— . I’m very thirsty(口渴的).
A. No, thanks B. Yes, please C. Yes, I would D. That’s OK
4. Would you like ___________(have)some beef?
5.What would he like ___________(eat)?
6. Tom feels like __________(buy)some candies in the supermarket.
【考点7】We can’t bring our mobile phone to class. 我们不能带手机去上课。
【详解】bring 作及物动词,意为“带来;取来”,经常与介词to或with连用。
常用搭配:bring sb./sth.to... 意为“把某人/某物带到···...”;
bring sb./sth.with sb. 意为“某人带着/带来某人/某物”。
例如:Tom, please remember to bring your football to school.
汤姆,请记得把你的足球带到学校来。
The girl brings a flower with her. 这个女孩带着一朵花。
【拓展】bring、take、carry、fetch和get的用法区别
bring
带来;拿来
指把人或物从别处带到说话人所在的地方,多与here连用。
take
带走;拿走
指把人或物从说话人所在地带到别处去,多与there连用。
carry
搬运
无方向性,含"负重"之意,一般指随身携带,如手提、肩扛等。
fetch
去拿来
指从说话者所在地到别处去把人或物带回来。
get
去拿来
get与fetch同义,但更口语化。
【图解助记】[来源:
【典例】
一、单项选择
( ) 1. —Can you ________ your homework to school tomorrow,Dale?
—OK,Miss Wang.
A.take B.bring C.want D.put
( ) 2.—Jack, remember ________ your umbrella with you and don’t forget ________ it home.
—OK, Mom.
A.taking; bringing B.take; bring
C.to bring; to take D.to take; to bring
( ) 3.—It’s raining, Daisy. Please ________ an umbrella (雨伞) with you.
—Thanks.
A.to take B.take C.to bring D.bring
( ) 4.The bag is so heavy that I can’t _______ it.
A.take B.bring C.carry D.pass
( ) 5. Please ________ the old box out and ________ the new one here.
A.bring, take B.take, carry
C.bring, carry D.take, bring
二、选词填空
用bring,take,carry,fetch和get的适当形式填空
1.Can you the photo to school tomorrow?
2.You'd better your raincoat with you.
3.You can me some money from my mother.
4.He helped me a bag of books this morning.
【考点8】 We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers.
我们必须关机,把它们放在我们的储物柜里。
【详解】turn off “关掉” , 指将设备或开关从开启状态转变为关闭状态。
【拓展】 辨析turn on, turn off, turn up和 turn down
turn on 与 turn off 相对应:turn up与turn down相对应。其中 on,off,up,down均为副词,当代词作宾语时,应置于动词和副词之间。
★turn on 表示“打开”,常指开灯或打开家用电器。
★turn off表示“关掉”,常指关掉自来水、电灯以及家用电器等。
★turn up 表示“开大,调高”,常指调高(电器等)音量、
★turn down表示“关小,调低”,常指调低(电器等)音量。
★turn down表示“拒绝”,一般指拒绝邀请。
【典例】
一、单项选择
1.The light is on. When you leave, please .
A.turn it down B.turn it up C.turn it off D.turn it on
2.The TV is too noisy. Could you please __________ a little?
A.turn up it B.turn it up C.turn down it D.turn it down
3.It’s time for Chinese Cooking. Please _____ the TV.
A.turn off B.turn on C.turn down D.turn up
4.Anna doesn't like Jeff,so it is possible for her to ________ his invitation.
A.turn off B.turn down C.turn on D.turn up
5.Can I ________ the TV, Dad? I want to watch the sports news.
A.turn off B.turn on C.turn down D.turn up
6.I’m reading now. Please tell him ___________ the TV a bit.
A.turn up B.turn off
C.to turn down D.to turn on
二、选词填空
选择方框内的词组填空。
turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up
1.Please remember to the lights when you leave.
2.My little baby is sleeping. Please the music.
3.It’s dark now. Please the light.
4.I can’t hear the TV’s sound. Please the TV.
【考点9】 You must raise your hand first. 你必须先举手。
【详解】 raise 是及物动词,表示 “举起”,后面要直接跟宾语。此外,raise还有“饲养、供养,筹集” 的意思。
例句:If you have any questions, raise your hands. 如果你有问题,请举手。
Their family raised a big dog. 他们家养了一条大狗。
raise money for 为…筹钱
【拓展】 rise为不及物动词,过去式为rose,过去分词为risen。不能用于被动语态。后面要带上介词后才能加宾语,。指依次上升,如自然界的日、月、星、雾、云的上升,人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。
例句:Prices rise every day in those countries. 在那些国家物价天天上涨。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
【典例】
( )1.If you ________ something, you move it higher.
A.rise B.raise C.will rise D.will raise
( )2.The sun is ________. It’s time to ________the flag.
A.raising … rise B.raising … raise
C.rising … raise D.rising … rise
( )3.Those who want to say something more _______ your hands and _______ to speak.
A.rise; raise B.raise; rise C.rise; rise D.raise; raise
( )4.We ________ our heads to watch the sun ________ over the bridge.
A.rise; rise B.raise; raises C.rise; raises D.raise; rise
( )5.Early to bed and early ________ is a good habit.
A.to raise B.to rise C.raise D.rise
【考点10】 There are too many rules in my life. 在我的生活中有很多规则。
【详解1】
这是一个there be句型,表示“存在,有”。其中be动词与紧跟be动词之后的名词单复数保持一致。be动词后的第一个名词是复数名词,be动词用are;be动词后的第一个名词是单数名词或不可数名词,be动词用is。
例如:There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
There are many books in the bag. 包里有很多书。
There is a pen and two erasers on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两块橡皮。
【详解2】
形容词短语too many意为“太多”,后跟可数名词复数。
【拓展】辨析too many, too much和much too的用法
短语
含义
用法
too many
太多
形容词短语,修饰可数名词复数
too much
太多
形容词短语,修饰不可数名词
much too
太,非常
副词短语,修饰副词或形容词
注意:没有many too的表达
【典例】
用too much, too many或者much too填空。
1. There are trees in our school.
2. It’s hot today.
3. Don’t eat junk food.It’s bad for your health.
翻译句子。
1.路上有一些汽车。
2.课桌里有一本英语书和几本笔记本。
【考点11】 When I’m in school, I mustn’t use the phone. In class either.
当我在学校的时候,我不能用电话。在课堂上也是。
【详解】either在本句子中作副词,意为“也(不)”。
either作为连词构成短语“either…or…”表示“要么......要么......; 或者......或者......”的意思。
【拓展】 辨析either, too和also的用法。
易混词
意义及用法
either
“也”,用于否定句中,置于句末,可以用“,”隔开,也可以不用。
too
“也”,用于肯定句句末,用“,”隔开
also
“也”,用于肯定句句中,置于系动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前
例如:The girl can’t play the guitar, either.
I like dancing, too.
I also like English.
【典例】
( )1.I don’t like history. And my best friend doesn’t like it, _________.
A.too B.also C.either D.well
( )2.She_______ chatting with her friends after school.
A.too likes B.also likes
C.either likes D.likes also
( )3.I am enjoying sports, ______.
A.as well as B.also C.too D.either
【考点12】 But they can help you to become a better person.但是他们能帮助你成为一个更好的人。
【详解】people (n.) 人;personal (adj.)个人的,私人的;personality(n.)个性
【拓展】in person 亲自;first/second/third person第一/第二/第三人称
He's just the person we need for the job. 他正是我们需要的适合这项工作的人。
【详解2】person / people / human
· person和people指“人”,human指“人类”。
· people是集合名词,表示复数概念。表示“一个人”,不用one people,而用a/one person。当表示两个以上的人时,可用 people,如“三个人”,可以说three people。
· person泛指 man,woman 或 child 中的任何一个,其复数形式是 persons,但人们习惯用 people 代替persons。
【典例】Daniel is a ________ with a strong ________. He never asks others for advice on his ________ business(事情).
A.personal; personality; person B.person; personal; personality
C.person; personality; personal D.personality; person; personal【答案】C
【考点13】 I can only play basketball after I practise the piano.
我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。
【详解】practise作动词,意为“训练;练习”。其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
常用搭配“practise (doing) sth. 练习(做)某事”。
例如:We can see Dave practise (playing) the piano.
【拓展】
practice 可以作动词或名词,意为“练习”。
作动词时,和practise的用法一致。
作名词时,常做不可数名词。
例如:Let’s do some practice.
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧
【典例】
( )1.— What do you usually do in the morning? —I often practice ________ English.
A.speak B.to speak C.speaking
( )2. You need more _______ if you want to do better in playing the piano.
A. lesson B. money C. practice D. play
【考点14】 That shows respect for your class and teacher.那显示你对同学们和老师的尊重。
【详解1】show /ʃəʊ/ (v.)表明;展示;向...演示;带,领(某人到某处);展览,陈列;(n.)演出;节目;展览
[词汇搭配] show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看;向某人演示某物
show sb. to+(地点) 带/领某人去某处;show sb. around 带某人四处参观
show up出现,露面;show off 炫耀;on show 在展览
【典例】
1你能带领我参观你的学校吗?
Can you _______me _______your school?
【考点15】 You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning.
你不能在课堂上使用手机,因为你需要专注于学习。
【详解1】need此处作实义动词,意为“需要”,后面可以跟名词、代词或动词不定式等作宾语。在句子中有人称和数的变化。
例句:I need a hat. 我需要一顶帽子。
Where’s his pen? He needs it. 他的钢笔在哪里?他需要它。
We need to eat healthy food. 我们需要吃健康的食物。
拓展句型:There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事。
【拓展】need还可用作情态动词,意为“需要”,用法如下:
1)没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。
2)可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。
3)其否定形式为needn’t,意为“不需要;没必要”。
4)need引导一般疑问句时,
肯定回答是:“Yes, 主语(人称代词主格)+must.”;
否定回答是:“No,主语(人称代词主格)+needn’t.”。
例如:—Need he do his homework first? 他需要先做作业吗?
—Yes, he must./ No, he needn’t.
是的,他需要(先做作业)。 / 不,他不需要(先做作业)
【详解1】focus v.集中(注意力、精力等);n.焦点
focused(adj.)注意力集中的;目标明确的;词汇搭配 focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于。例如:
Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
【典例】
( )1.I need Amy ________ me.
A.help B.helps C.helping D.to help
( )2.We have many eggs in the fridge. You ________ buy any more.
A.don’t need B.needn’t to C.don’t need to D.need to
( )3.You ________ worry. We will help you deal with the problem.
A.needn’t B.don’t need C.need not to D.doesn’t need to
( )4.He needs ________ a dictionary in the store.
A.to buy B.buying C.buys D.and buy
( )5.Granny ______ glasses when she reads newspapers.
A.doesn’t need B.need
C.doesn’t need to D.needn’t
( )6.She is only a child, so there is no need ________ her so much stress.
A.give B.giving C.to give
【考点16】 You can relax after you finish your homework.你完成作业后可以放松。
【详解】relax v. 放松,休息
[词汇拓展] <三单>relaxes;relaxed(adj.)放松的;relaxing(adj.)令人放松的;relaxation(n.)放松
I'm going to spend the weekend just relaxing. 这个周末,我什么也不干,就是休息。
【典例】
用relax的适当形式填空。
1.Listening to music can help you________.
2.I love listening to music because it can make me feel________
3.Tony likes swimming and he thinks it’s the most ________ of all sports.
【考点17】 And you can hang out with your friends at weekends.并且你可以在周末和你的朋友一起闲逛。
【详解】hang v.悬挂;垂下,使低垂
hang out闲逛;常去某处;hang over sb使忧心忡忡;担心可能发生
hang on 抓紧;等一下,停一下;别挂电话,等一下;hang up挂断电话
hang balloons and lanterns悬挂气球和灯笼;
Her hair hung down to her waist.她的长发垂及腰际。
Hang on─I'm not quite ready.请稍候——我还没准备好呢。
【典例】
—Can you ________ with me this Saturday?
—Sure! Catch you then!
A. hang up B.hang out C.put up put out
【考点18】 Remember: No rules, no order! 记住:没有规则就没有秩序!
【详解1】 remember是及物动词,意为“记住,记起”;其反义词是forget,意为“忘记”。
remember后可接名词、代词、动词-ing或动词不定式作宾语,本句中remember后面的句子作其宾语。
例如:I can’t remember his telephone number.我记不得他的电话号码了。
【比较记忆】remember to do sth.与remember doing sth
remember to do sth.
记得要去做某事,说明事情还没有做,相当于don’t forget to do sth.
remember doing sth
记得做过某事,说明事情已经做过
【典例】
( )1. Remember ______ off the lights when you leave the room,please.
A.to turn B. turning C.turn D. turns
( )2.I remember ________ her at a party once(曾经), but I don’t know her name.
A.meeting B.to meet C.met D.meet
( )3.Oh, the door is open. But I remember ________ it yesterday.
A.close B.to close C.closing D.closed
【详解2】“No+名词”是一个常见的英语结构,通常用于否定句中,表示某物或某事不存在或没有。以下是这种结构的一些常见用法:
1.No+名词 表示否定或缺乏
例如: No money 没有钱 No time 没有时间, No problem 没问题
2.No+名词 表示禁止或不允许
例如: No smoking 禁止吸烟。
3.No+名词 表示拒绝或不同意:
例如: No way 绝对不
【详解3】
1. rule n. 规则;规章
v.统治
ruler 意为:统治者;格尺
固定搭配:follow the rules 遵守规则 against the rules 违反规则
2.order
①n. 顺序; 点餐;订购
keep order 维持秩序 in good/bad order 有/无条理
take one’s order 点菜 make an order 下单
②v.命令;点餐;订购 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事。
③拓展固定搭配:
in order to do sth. 目的是做某事; 为了做某事。
in order that = so that +目的状语从句 目的是...;为了...
例句:May I take your order, sir? 先生,我可以请您点菜了吗?
He gets up early every morning in order to catch the bus . 为了赶上那辆公交车,他每天起得很早。
=He gets up early every morning in order that he can catch the bus.
【典例】
( )1. You mustn’t work in the lab by yourself. It’s ________ the rules.
A.for B.against C.with D.to
( )2. Everyone should always ________ traffic rules.
A.follow B.keep C.protect D.ask
( )3. We live with our grandparents ________ take good care of them.
A.in order to B.in order that C.in order D.in the order
( )4. The police ordered them ________ right there.
A.wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waited
( )5. Steve turns off his phone before reading ________ he can focus better on the story later.
A.even if B.in order that C.now that D.as soon as
( )6. Shopping is much easier for us. Now we can make ________ order on the phone.
A.an B.a C.the D.不填
( )7. He works hard ________ he can get good grades in the exam.
A.in order B.in order to C.so that D.such that
( )8. We will plant more trees in order that we can improve our environment.
A.so that B.in order to
【考点19】 Dr. Know’s advice
【详解】advice 意为:建议;意见(不可数名词)
常用搭配:a piece of advice 一条建议
give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议
take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议
ask sb. for some advice 向某人征求意见
【拓展】 advise 建议 (动词)
常用搭配:
①advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。
例句: My mother advises me to study hard. 我妈妈建议我要努力学习。
②advise sb. not to do sth. 建议某人不要做某事。
例句:I advise him not play in the street. 我建议他不要在街上玩。
【近义词】 suggest v.建议;暗示 → suggestion n.建议(可数)
【典例】
( )1. Our teacher always gives us ________ when we have problems.
A.an advice B.an advise C.some advice D.some advices
( )2. My parents advise me ________ the chess club. But I don’t like it.
A.join B.joining C.to join D.joined
( )3. My parents ________ that I take my teacher’s ________.
A.advice; advise B.advise; advice
C.advices; advises D.advises; advices
( )4. I think it is ________ good advice, and it’s really ________ useful suggestion.
A.a; an B./; a C.a; a D./; an
( )5. Mrs Smart gave us ________ on how to learn English well.
A.some advices B.some suggestion
C.a piece of advice D.a piece of suggestion
6.Let me give you some ________ (suggest) and ________ (advise) about learning English.
(一)祈使句
祈使句的含义:
祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。这类句子的主语一般是第二人称you,也就是听话者,you常省去。
肯定形式:祈使句的开头常是动词原形。为表示礼貌,经常在句首或者句末加please,如句末用please时,前面通常加逗号。
Walk in the hallway. 在走廊里走路。
Please walk in the hallway. 请在走廊里走路。
Walk in the hallway, please. 请在走廊里走路。
否定形式:祈使句的否定形式多以do not (常缩写成don’t)开头,再加上动词原形。
Don’t run in the hallway. 别在走廊里走路。
祈使句的类型:
Be型 (Be+表语+其他.)
否定句 (Don’t+be+表语+其他.)
Be quiet, please. 请安静。
Don’t be angry. 不要生气。
Do型 (实义动词原形+宾语+其他.)
否定句 (Don’t+实义动词原形+宾语+其他.)
Open the window, please. 请打开窗。
Remember they make rules to help us.他们制定规章制度是为了帮助我们。
Don’t talk in class. 不要在课堂上讲话。
Let型 (Let+宾语+动词原形+其他.)
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
Let’s go home at six o’clock.我们六点回家吧。
No+动名词 (此种形式通常用于公共场所的提示语中,意为“禁止做某事”)
No smoking! 严禁吸烟!
No parking! 不许停车!
祈使句用法歌诀
祈使句,祈使句,请求、命令或建议。
主语是you常省去,动词原形开头记。
否定形式要注意,句首要把Don’t加。
要讲客气用please,句首、句末没关系。
【当堂训练】
1.Mike, ______ TV all the time. It's not good for your eyes.
A.not watch
B.doesn't watch
C.don't watch
D.isn't watch
2.________ run in the yard, Tom. It is too dangerous.
A.Do
B.Don't
C.Not
D.Doesn't
3.________ talk in the library.
A.Don't B.Not C.No D.don't
4.Amy, never ________ any sweet food before going to bed, or you will get fat easily.
A.eat B.eats C.eating D.to eat
5.You can't swim here. Don't you see the sign "No ________".
A.swim B.swimming C.swims D.to swim
6.Lingling is reading, please ________.
A.quite B.be quiet C.quiet D.be quite
7.Now, let's ________ school.
A.go to B.to go C.to go to D.going to
8.Micheal, ________late for school.
A.don't be B.doesn't be C.isn't D.don't
(二)情态动词情态动词can, have to, must用法
1. 情态动词的基本用法
(1) 情态动词用于表明说话者的语气和情态,包括能力,可能,命令,要求,意愿,怀疑等。
(2) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。有的情态动词没有时态变化,如must等。
She can play the guitar. 他会弹吉他。
We must finish the task before Tuesday. 我们必须在周二前完成这个任务。
(3) 情态动词不能单独做谓语,后面必须接动词原形。
Lucy may arrive there at 5 o'clock. 露西可能5点到那里。
Wang Fang can play soccer well. 王芳足球踢得很好。
2. 含情态动词的各种句式
(1) 陈述句
主语+情态动词(+not)+实义动词原型+其他。
含情态动词的肯定句变否定句的规则:
· 在情态动词后加not。
· 句中有some,变为否定句时用any。
He can play basketball. 他会打篮球。
→He can't play basketball. 他不会打篮球。
(2) 一般疑问句
情态动词(+not)+主语+实义动词原型+其他?
含情态动词的陈述句变一般疑问句的规则:
· 将情态动词提到句首,实义动词用原型。其他部分基本不变;
· 若陈述句主语为第一人称,变为一般疑问句后要变成第二人称;
· 若陈述句中含有some,变成一般疑问句后一般要变成any。
I must go there with him. 我必须和他一起去那里。
→Must you go there with him? 你必须和他一起去那里吗?
(3) 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+情态动词(+not)+主语+实义动词原型+其他?
What can he do? 他会做什么?
When can you finish the task? 你什么时候能完成这项任务?
3.情态动词can的用法
(1) can的各种用法
· can用于表示能力,可译为“可以,能够,会”。
He can speak a little Chinese.他会说一点中文
Can Anna play volleyball. Anna会打排球吗?
· can用于表示请求。
Can you hand me the book? 你能把书递给我吗?
could也表示请求,语气比can更委婉。
Could you tell me your sister's telephone number? 你能告诉我你妹妹的电话号码吗?
· can用于表示许可。
You can't eat here. 你不能在这吃东西。
You can park your car here. 你可以在这停车。
(2) 含can的各种句式
· 陈述句:Sb. +can (+not) +动词原形+其他部分.
can not可缩写为can't或cannot。
My grandpa can play chess. 我的爷爷会下国际象棋。
· 一般疑问句:Can +sb. +动词原形+其他部分?
对于一般疑问句的回答:
肯定回答用Yes, sb. can. 有时也用Certainly. / Sure. / Of course. 等回答。
否定回答用No, sb. can't. 有时也用Sorry, I'm afraid you can't. (不好意思,恐怕不行。)等回答。
—Can Lucy come tomorrow? 露西明天能来吗?
—Yes, she can. 是的,她可以。
—Can we eat snacks in the class? 我们能在课堂上吃东西吗?
—No,we can't. 不,我们不能。
· 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ can sb.+动词原形+其他部分?
What can your sister do ? 你妹妹会做什么?
4.情态动词have to的用法
(1) 情态动词have to基本用法
· have to表示“不得不,必须”,表示客观情况所迫,不得不做某事。
I have to finish my homework first. 我必须先完成作业。
· have to可用于不同的时态,且有人称和数的变化。
一般现在时,主语不是第三人称单数时,用have to 结构。
一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用has to 结构。
一般过去时,用had to结构。
I have to finish my homework before 10 o'clock. 我必须在10点前完成我的作业。
Alice has to look after her sister on Sunday afternoon. 周日下午Alice必须照顾她的妹妹。
I had to look after my sister last Sunday. 上周日我得照顾我的妹妹。
(2) 一般现在时情况下have to的各种句式
· 陈述句:主语(+don't / doesn't)+have/has+to+实义动词原型+其他。
have to的否定式是在have前加don't或doesn't,表示“没有必要,不必”。
David has to practice the piano every day. 大卫必须每天练琴。
You don't have to clean your room every day. 你没有必要每天打扫房间。
· 一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+have+to+实义动词原型+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+do/does.
否定回答:No, 主语+ don't/doesn't (have to). 或 No,主语+ needn't.
—Does he have to wear a uniform? 他必须船校服吗?
—Yes, he does. 是的。
—Do I have to leave now ? 我现在必须离开了吗?
—No, you don't (have to). / No, you don't need. 不,你不必。
5.情态动词must的用法
(1) 情态动词must基本用法
· must意为“必须”,表示主观意愿,认为有必要或有义务做某事。
You must arrive before 5 p.m. 你必须5点前到达。
· must一般只表示现在,没有时态变化,也没有人称和数的变化。
She must do something about it. 对于此,她必须做点事情。
(2) must的各种句式变化
· 陈述句:主语+must (+not)+实义动词原型+其他。
must not可缩写为mustn't。
Lucy must tell her teacher the truth. 露西必须把事实告诉她的老师。
We mustn't run in the classroom. 我们一定不能在教室里跑。
· 一般疑问句:Must+主语+实义动词原型+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+must.
否定回答:No, 主语+ don't/doesn't have to. 或 No,主语+ needn't.
—Must I arrive before 7 a.m. ?我必须早上7点前到吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须(7点前到)。
—Must we clean up the room tonight ? 我们必须今晚把房间打扫干净啊?
—No, you don't have to. / No ,you needn't. 不,你们没有必要。
(3) must与have to用法比较
· must通常表示主观意愿或看法,语气强烈;have to往往强调客观情况所迫,不得不做。
· must的否定式mustn't的否定式含义为“禁止,一定不能”。而have to的否定式含义为“没有必要,不必”。
· must没有时态,人称和数的变化;have则有时态,人称和数的变化。
【当堂训练】
1.—Emma, ________ I use your eraser?
—Of course, you can. Here you are.
A.should B.must C.can D.need
2.I ________ go camping with you this time. I have some other things to do.
A.can't B.shouldn't C.mustn't D.needn't
3.—_________ I swim here?
—I'm sorry. Children _________ swim alone here. It's very dangerous.
A.Must; can't B.May; shouldn't
C.Can; mustn't D.Can; needn't
4.—Must I park my car behind the building?
—No, you ________. You ________ park it here.
A.mustn't; need B.don't have to; may C.may not; must D.needn't; must
5.—Do you ________ clean the classroom every day?
—Yes. We usually clean it after class.
A.have to B.has to C.must D.can
6.Tom can't come to your party because he ________ do his homework.
A.doesn't have to B.can't C.mustn't D.has to
7.—Rules are rules!
—That's true. We ________ follow them.
A.can B.have to C.may D.must
8.These days in Xiaogan, you ________ wear a mask (口罩) when you get on the bus.
A.must B.can't C.has to D.aren't
/
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$
Unit 4 No Rules,No Order
Unit 1
重点词汇
1.order ['ɔːdə] n.秩序;命令 v.点菜; 命令
2. rule [ruːl] n.规则;规章
3.follow ['fɒləʊ] v.遵循;跟随
4.arrive [ə'raɪv] v.到达
5.hallway ['hɔːlweɪ] n.走廊;过道
6.uniform ['juːnɪfɔːm] n.校服;制服
7.litter ['litə(r)] v.乱扔 n.垃圾
8.polite [pəˈlaɪt] adj.有礼貌的
9.treat [tri:t] v.对待;招待;治疗 n.款待
10.respect[ri'spekt] n.& v.尊敬
11.if/if/conj.如果
12.jacket [ˈdʒækɪt] n.夹克衫;短上衣
13.everything ['evriθin] pron.每件事;一切
14.lend [ lend] v.借给;借出
15.sweet [ swi:t] n.糖果 adj.甜的
16.snack [snæk] n.点心;小吃
17.mobile [ˈməʊbaɪl] adj.可移动的
18.queue [kju:] n.队
19.feed [fi:d] v.喂养;饲养
20.leave [li:v] v.离开;留下
21.absent [ˈæbsənt] adj.缺席的;不在的
22.shh [f] (=sh)interj. 嘘(用以让别人安静下来)
23.quietly ['kwaɪətli] adv.轻声地;安静地
24.belt [belt] n.安全带;腰带;皮带
25.noise ['nɒɪz] adj.吵闹的n.声音;噪声
26.unhappy [ʌnˈhæpi] adj.不快乐的
27.Dr(=doctor)博士;医生
28.either ['aıðə(r); 'i:ðə(r)] adv.也(用于否定词组后)
29.practise [ˈpræktɪs] v.训练;练习
30.hang [hæŋ] v.悬挂
31.weekday [ˈwiːkdeɪ] n.工作日(星期一至星期五的任何一天)
32.awful [ˈɔːfl] adj.糟糕的;讨厌的
33.become [bɪˈkʌm] v.变成;成为
34.better [ˈbetə(r)] adj.较好的 adv.较好地
35.person [ˈpɜːsn] n.人
36.focus [ˈfəʊkəs] v.集中(注意力、精力等);聚焦
37.build [bild] v.创建;建造
38.spirit ['spirit] n.精神;情绪
39.relax [rɪ'læks] v.放松;休息
40.advice [əd' vais] n.建议;意见
41.understand [ˌʌndəˈstænd] v.理解;领会
42.untidy [ʌnˈtaɪdi] adj.不整洁的
重点短语
1.be late for 迟到 2. on time 准时
3. in class 在课堂上 4. put up your hand 举手
5. keep +形容词 保持... 6.be polite 有礼貌
7. want to do sth. 想要做某事 8. have to 不得不
9. follow rules 遵守规则 10. wear the school uniform穿校服
11. be good for... 对......有好处 12.raise one’s hand 举手
13. keep the rules 遵守规则 14. have fun 玩得开心
15. would you like... 想要......
16. lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
17. of course 当然 18.answer the phone 接电话
19. bring to 带来 20. mobile phone 移动电话
21. turn off 关掉 22. thanks for... 因......而感谢
23. jump the queue 插队 24. talk quietly 小声讲话
25. wait for 等待 26. be absent from 缺席
27. put on 穿上 28. keep quiet 保持安静
29. make noise 制造噪音 30. too many 太多
31. make sb’s/the bed 整理床铺 32. before breakfast早餐前
33. finish one’s homework 完成作业 34. on weekdays 在工作日
35. need to do sth. 需要去做某事 36. hang out 闲逛,常去某处
37. focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
38.build school spirit 建立校风
39.make the world better 让世界变得更好
40.think about 思考,考虑
41.get on/along well with sb. 和某人好好相处
42. take care of...=look after... 照顾
43. fight with 和……打架
44. be kind to our classmates 善待我们的同学
典型句型
1. Wear the school uniform. 穿校服。
2. Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy.
不要乱扔垃圾,保持你的学校干净整洁。
3.Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 礼貌待人,尊重他人。
4.Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher.
如果你想问老师问题,请举手。
5. —Can’t Mary run in the hallway? 玛丽能在走廊里跑吗?
—No, she can’t. She has to walk in the hallway.
不,她不能,她只能在走廊里走。
6. We can’t bring our mobile phones to class. 我们不能带手机去上课。
7. We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers.
我们必须关机,把它们放在我们的储物柜里。
8. Why is the day special for Tom? 为什么这一天对汤姆来说是特别的。
9. Why doesn’t Anne take a sweet from Tom?
为什么安妮不从汤姆那里拿走糖果。
10. Don’t jump in queue. You must wait for your turn.
不要插队,你必须等到轮到你。
11.You must tell your teacher about it when you have to be absent from class.
你缺席的时候必须要告诉你的老师这件事。
12. I have to hurry to school because I can’t be late for school.
我必须赶紧去学校,因为我不能上学迟到。
13. I can only play basketball after I practise the piano.
我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。
14. I know some rules are important, but this is awful .
我知道有一些规则很重要,但是这个太糟糕了。
15. They can help you to become a better person.
规则可以帮助你成为一个更好的人。
16. You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning.
你不能在课堂上使用手机,因为你需要专注于学习。
17. You have to wear a uniform because it builds school spirit.
你必须穿校服,因为它能建立校风。
18. And you can hang out with friends at weekends!
周末你可以和朋友出去玩!
19. Rules can help to make the world better. 规则可以帮助世界变得更好。
20.I know it can be difficult to follow many rules, but rules can be good for us. 我知道遵守这么多规则可能很困难,但规则对我们有好处。
语言目标
掌握祈使句的用法以及使用情态动词can, have to和must 来讨论规则。
【考点1】 Don’t be late for class. Arrive on time.
上课不要迟到。准时到达。
【详解】 动词短语be late for意为“迟到”,侧重于状态;同义短语arrive late for 则侧重到达的时间晚
例如:arrive late for class/school. = be late for class/school. 上课/上学迟到
【拓展1】
arrive 意为“到达”。 arrive at + 小地点,arrive in +大地点。
例如:I will arrive in Beijing next week. 我下周到北京。
I arrived at the small village on a cold morning. 在一个寒冷的早晨我到达了那个小村庄。
注意:arrive 后面跟地点副词here, there, home时,不需要跟介词。
如:arrive home 到家 arrive here 到这儿
辨析:arrive , reach与get 的区别
① arrive at + 小地点,arrive in +大地点。
② get to + 地点(名词)
③ reach + 地点 (名词)
【拓展2】
辨析on time与in time
on time
准时(在规定的时间之内)
表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生。
in time
及时(恰在时间点上)
强调与某个时刻一致。
和time有关的短语:
at times 有时 at the same time 同时 from time to time 不时 all the time 一直
【典例】
1.Mr Brown arrived ________ airport yesterday. (用at 或者in填空)
2.Li Ming arrives _______ Beijing with his parents. (用at 或者in填空)
( ) 3.— Is your Sam already in London ?
— Not yet, I think. He’ll give me a call as soon as he _____.
A. will arrive B. gets C. arrives D. reaches
4. 王先生要到伦敦。 (同义句转换)
Mr Wang will ______ ______ London.
= Mr Wang will ______ ______ London.
= Mr Wang will ______ London.
( ) 5.She didn’t catch the bus______ time,so she couldn’t arrive there ______ time.
A. on; in B. in; on C. in; in D. on; on
答案:1. at 2. in 3. C 4. arrive in ; get to; reach 5. B
【考点2】 Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy.
不要乱扔垃圾,保持你的学校干净整洁。
【详解】“keep +sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人或者某物保持某种状态”。此句式中的keep是动词,意为“保留,保存,保持”。
例句:Too much work keeps me busy and tired. 太多的工作让我忙碌而且疲惫。
We must keep the class clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。
【拓展】keep常见的其他用法
1)“keep + 形容词”,意为“保持某种状态”。
例如:Keep quiet, please! 请保持安静!
2)“keep sb. doing sth.”表示“让某人继续/不断地做某事”。
The teacher kept the students reading the words.
【典例】
( )1. — How does your grandpa ____ healthy? —He eats well and exercises every day.
A. make B. leave C. find D. keep
( )2. Please keep your eye _____.
A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close
3. He keeps ________ ( stand ) at the door.
4. I keep him _________ ( wait ) for 2 hours.
答案:D; B; standing; waiting
【考点3】 Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 礼貌待人,尊重他人。
【详解1】 polite 是形容词,意为“有礼貌的”, 其反义词是impolite,意为“不礼貌的”。
politely是副词,意为“有礼貌地”,其反义词是impolitely,意为“不礼貌地”。
常用搭配: be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌。
【详解2】 treat的用法:
1.作为动词:对待、治疗、款待、处理;
2.作为名词:款待、治疗;
3.固定搭配:
① treat sb to sth 请某人吃或喝某物
例句:I treated my friends to ice cream. 我请朋友们吃了冰淇淋。
② treat sb/sth as 把某人/某物当作... 其含义相当于regard…as…
例句:The teacher treat his students as his son. 老师把学生当作自己的儿子来看待。
③ treat sb for sth. 为某人治疗...
例句:The doctor treated him for a headache. 医生为他治疗了头痛。
④ treat sb with sth “以……方式对待某人”, 跟随的是情感类的名词,如kindness, respect等。
例句:We should treat others with kindness. 我们应该友善待人。
【拓展】 万圣夜的主要活动之一: Trick or treat (不给糖就捣乱),是指万圣节孩子们挨家逐户要糖果等礼物,如不遂愿便恶作剧一番的风俗。
【典例】
( )1.It’s polite ________ thank you when someone helps you.
A.say B.to say C.saying D.said
( )2.—I think Li Lei is a ________ boy.
—I agree with you. He always speaks to others ________.
A.polite; politely B.polite; polite C.politely; politely D.politely; polite
( )3.You should treat him more ________.
A.polite B.politely C.impolitely D.impolite
( )4.After a whole day’s hard work, I treat myself _______ some ice cream.
A.to B.in C.on D.for
( )5.Scrooge now treats everyone with ________, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes.
A.warmth B.warmly C.warm D.warms
( )6.Mr. Li is a kind teacher, but he treats us ________ in our study.
A.politely B.friendly C.strictly D.lively
( )7.After her son died in an accident,the old woman treated her dog ______ her son.
A.for B.like C.from D.as
( )8.Children play “_______” on the people at Halloween.
A.trick or treat B.right or wrong C.come or go D.up or down
9.It is (polite) to speak loudly while eating.
10.Our teacher always tells us to talk to the old (polite).
答案:1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.A
9.impolite 10.politely
【考点4】 She has to wear the school uniform. 她必须穿校服。
He must keep the school clean. 他必须保持学校干净。
【详解1】have to意思是"必须、不得不"表示客观上的需要, 后接动词原形,有人称和数的变化。
结构: 主语+have to+动词原形+其他
主语是第三人称单数时 主语+has to+动词原形+其他
否定形式: 主语+don't /doesn't have to+动词原形+其他
主语+doesn't have to+动词原形+其他
一般疑问句: Do 或Does +主语+have to +动词原形+其他 ?
例如:---Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗
---Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的,我必须。 / 不,我不必。
【拓展】must和 have to强调重点不同:两者都表示“必须”,
must 侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事,没有人称和数的变化;
否定为mustn’t 意思为“不准”;
have to 则重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。
【典例】
( )1.He _____to look after his little sister because his mother goes out.
A.must B.have C.has D.had
2.Mike has to clean his bedroom at home.( 改为否定句 )
Mike________ ________ ________clean his bedroom at home.
3.You must do your homework every day.( 改为同义句 )
You________ ________do your homework every day.
4.He has to get up before 6:10 every morning.( 改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答 )
—________he________ ________get up before 6:10 every morning?
—________,he________.
5.They have to wash their hands before meals.( 对画线部分提问 )
________ ________they________ ________ ________before meals?
【答案】1. C 2. doesn’t have to 3. have to 4. Do have to; Yes, do
5. What do have to
【详解2】
辨析:1)wear是动词,它的意思是“穿”,它表示状态。
例如:My father wears a T-shirt today. 我爸爸今天穿着T恤衫。
2)put on的意思是“穿上、戴上”,它表示动作。
例如:It’s cold outside, put on your coat please. 外面非常冷,请穿上你的大衣。
3)dress 作动词时,表示“为……穿衣”后接反身代词或人,也可以不接宾语。
例如:Can you dress the baby for me? 你能帮我给孩子穿衣服吗?
4)in 表示穿着的状态,后接颜色或服装。
例如:The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣服的女孩是我姐姐。
【典例】
( )1. The boy ____ glasses is my cousin. He ____ a red T-shirt and a pair of blue jeans.
A. in; wears B. with; wears C. wears; in D. wears; with
2. 她正穿着一件新裙子。 She ________ ________ a new skirt.
3. 请穿上你的外套。 Please ________ ________ your coat.
4. 那个穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。The boy ________ ________ is my brother.
5. 她每天早上给她的弟弟穿衣服。She ________ ________ little brother every morning.
答案:1.B 2.is wearing 3. put on 4. in blue 5. dresses her
【考点5】 I can lend you my pen. 我可以借我的笔给你。
【详解】lend 意为“借出去”,表示的是把自己的东西借给别人。
【拓展】 辨析lend, borrow与keep
lend
借出
非延续性动词,表示主语把东西借给别人
常用结构:lend sb sth或lend sth to sb
① Can you lend me your pen? 你能借你的笔给我吗?
② You mustn’t lend it to others. 你不准把它借给别人。
borrow
借入[来源:学ZXXK]
非延续性动词,表示主语向别人借东西
常用结构:borrow sth from sb
① Can I borrow your book? 我可以借你的吗?
② I want to borrow a book from you. 我想从你那借一本书。
keep
借(多久)[来源:xx_k.
延续性动词,表示"借某物多长时间",与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
表示借了某物多长时间,可以和时间段以及how long搭配
—How long can I keep the book? 我可以借这本书多久?
—Two weeks. 两个星期。
【图解助记】
【典例】
1. —Can I_______ your computer?
—Sorry, I'm using it, I can't_______ it to you.
A. lend; lend B. borrow; lend
C. borrow; borrow D. lend; borrow
2. I think I can lend my computer _______you.
A. to B. for C. with D. and
3. —How long may I _______ the dictionary?
—For 2 weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
答案:B A C
【考点6】 Would you like a sweet? 你想吃甜食吗?
【详解】 would 为情态动词, 无人称,数变化 ,可以缩写成’d
如: I’d=I would you’d =you would he’d=he would
▲ would like 的常用句型:
(1)would like sth. 想要某物
(2)—Would you like some …? 你想要一些……吗?(征求意见)
—Yes, please. 是的,请(肯定回答)
/ —No, thanks.不,谢谢(否定回答)
(3)would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。=want sb. to do sth 想要某人去做某事;
(4)Would you like to do… ? 你愿意去做……吗? (征求意见)
肯定回答: Yes, I’d like / love to.是的,我愿意
否定回答,委婉拒绝:
I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy.或者是 I have to study for a test
I’m afraid not(我恐怕不能), I have to do my homework.
(5)would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。
(6)would like比want/feel like doing sth.(想要做某事)更委婉、更正式,
注意:(1)would like 构成的问句表示委婉语气,some不用变成any。
(2)疑问句时,记得把人称放would like 中间。
【典例】
( )1. —Would you like ________ to my party? —Yes, I’d love to.
A. come B.coming C.to coming D.to come
( )2.—Would you like some ? —Oh, yes, just a little.
A. apples B. carrots C. cakes D. mutton
( )3. —Would you like some orange juice?
— . I’m very thirsty(口渴的).
A. No, thanks B. Yes, please C. Yes, I would D. That’s OK
4. Would you like ___________(have)some beef?
5.What would he like ___________(eat)?
6. Tom feels like __________(buy)some candies in the supermarket.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. to have 5. to eat 6. buying
【考点7】We can’t bring our mobile phone to class. 我们不能带手机去上课。
【详解】bring 作及物动词,意为“带来;取来”,经常与介词to或with连用。
常用搭配:bring sb./sth.to... 意为“把某人/某物带到···...”;
bring sb./sth.with sb. 意为“某人带着/带来某人/某物”。
例如:Tom, please remember to bring your football to school.
汤姆,请记得把你的足球带到学校来。
The girl brings a flower with her. 这个女孩带着一朵花。
【拓展】bring、take、carry、fetch和get的用法区别
bring
带来;拿来
指把人或物从别处带到说话人所在的地方,多与here连用。
take
带走;拿走
指把人或物从说话人所在地带到别处去,多与there连用。
carry
搬运
无方向性,含"负重"之意,一般指随身携带,如手提、肩扛等。
fetch
去拿来
指从说话者所在地到别处去把人或物带回来。
get
去拿来
get与fetch同义,但更口语化。
【图解助记】[来源:
【典例】
一、单项选择
( ) 1. —Can you ________ your homework to school tomorrow,Dale?
—OK,Miss Wang.
A.take B.bring C.want D.put
( ) 2.—Jack, remember ________ your umbrella with you and don’t forget ________ it home.
—OK, Mom.
A.taking; bringing B.take; bring
C.to bring; to take D.to take; to bring
( ) 3.—It’s raining, Daisy. Please ________ an umbrella (雨伞) with you.
—Thanks.
A.to take B.take C.to bring D.bring
( ) 4.The bag is so heavy that I can’t _______ it.
A.take B.bring C.carry D.pass
( ) 5. Please ________ the old box out and ________ the new one here.
A.bring, take B.take, carry
C.bring, carry D.take, bring
二、选词填空
用bring,take,carry,fetch和get的适当形式填空
1.Can you the photo to school tomorrow?
2.You'd better your raincoat with you.
3.You can me some money from my mother.
4.He helped me a bag of books this morning.
答案:一、1. B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.D
二、1.bring 2.take 3.fetch/get 4.carry
【考点8】 We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers.
我们必须关机,把它们放在我们的储物柜里。
【详解】turn off “关掉” , 指将设备或开关从开启状态转变为关闭状态。
【拓展】 辨析turn on, turn off, turn up和 turn down
turn on 与 turn off 相对应:turn up与turn down相对应。其中 on,off,up,down均为副词,当代词作宾语时,应置于动词和副词之间。
★turn on 表示“打开”,常指开灯或打开家用电器。
★turn off表示“关掉”,常指关掉自来水、电灯以及家用电器等。
★turn up 表示“开大,调高”,常指调高(电器等)音量、
★turn down表示“关小,调低”,常指调低(电器等)音量。
★turn down表示“拒绝”,一般指拒绝邀请。
【典例】
一、单项选择
1.The light is on. When you leave, please .
A.turn it down B.turn it up C.turn it off D.turn it on
2.The TV is too noisy. Could you please __________ a little?
A.turn up it B.turn it up C.turn down it D.turn it down
3.It’s time for Chinese Cooking. Please _____ the TV.
A.turn off B.turn on C.turn down D.turn up
4.Anna doesn't like Jeff,so it is possible for her to ________ his invitation.
A.turn off B.turn down C.turn on D.turn up
5.Can I ________ the TV, Dad? I want to watch the sports news.
A.turn off B.turn on C.turn down D.turn up
6.I’m reading now. Please tell him ___________ the TV a bit.
A.turn up B.turn off
C.to turn down D.to turn on
二、选词填空
选择方框内的词组填空。
turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up
1.Please remember to the lights when you leave.
2.My little baby is sleeping. Please the music.
3.It’s dark now. Please the light.
4.I can’t hear the TV’s sound. Please the TV.
答案:一、1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.C
二、1.turn off 2.turn down 3.turn on 4.turn up
【考点9】 You must raise your hand first. 你必须先举手。
【详解】 raise 是及物动词,表示 “举起”,后面要直接跟宾语。此外,raise还有“饲养、供养,筹集” 的意思。
例句:If you have any questions, raise your hands. 如果你有问题,请举手。
Their family raised a big dog. 他们家养了一条大狗。
raise money for 为…筹钱
【拓展】 rise为不及物动词,过去式为rose,过去分词为risen。不能用于被动语态。后面要带上介词后才能加宾语,。指依次上升,如自然界的日、月、星、雾、云的上升,人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。
例句:Prices rise every day in those countries. 在那些国家物价天天上涨。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
【典例】
( )1.If you ________ something, you move it higher.
A.rise B.raise C.will rise D.will raise
( )2.The sun is ________. It’s time to ________the flag.
A.raising … rise B.raising … raise
C.rising … raise D.rising … rise
( )3.Those who want to say something more _______ your hands and _______ to speak.
A.rise; raise B.raise; rise C.rise; rise D.raise; raise
( )4.We ________ our heads to watch the sun ________ over the bridge.
A.rise; rise B.raise; raises C.rise; raises D.raise; rise
( )5.Early to bed and early ________ is a good habit.
A.to raise B.to rise C.raise D.rise
答案:1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B
【考点10】 There are too many rules in my life. 在我的生活中有很多规则。
【详解1】
这是一个there be句型,表示“存在,有”。其中be动词与紧跟be动词之后的名词单复数保持一致。be动词后的第一个名词是复数名词,be动词用are;be动词后的第一个名词是单数名词或不可数名词,be动词用is。
例如:There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
There are many books in the bag. 包里有很多书。
There is a pen and two erasers on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两块橡皮。
【详解2】
形容词短语too many意为“太多”,后跟可数名词复数。
【拓展】辨析too many, too much和much too的用法
短语
含义
用法
too many
太多
形容词短语,修饰可数名词复数
too much
太多
形容词短语,修饰不可数名词
much too
太,非常
副词短语,修饰副词或形容词
注意:没有many too的表达
【典例】
用too much, too many或者much too填空。
1. There are trees in our school.
2. It’s hot today.
3. Don’t eat junk food.It’s bad for your health.
答案:1.too many 2. much too 3. too much
翻译句子。
1.路上有一些汽车。
2.课桌里有一本英语书和几本笔记本。
答案:1.There are some cars on the road.
2.There is an English book and some notebooks in the desk.
【考点11】 When I’m in school, I mustn’t use the phone. In class either.
当我在学校的时候,我不能用电话。在课堂上也是。
【详解】either在本句子中作副词,意为“也(不)”。
either作为连词构成短语“either…or…”表示“要么......要么......; 或者......或者......”的意思。
【拓展】 辨析either, too和also的用法。
易混词
意义及用法
either
“也”,用于否定句中,置于句末,可以用“,”隔开,也可以不用。
too
“也”,用于肯定句句末,用“,”隔开
also
“也”,用于肯定句句中,置于系动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前
例如:The girl can’t play the guitar, either.
I like dancing, too.
I also like English.
【典例】
( )1.I don’t like history. And my best friend doesn’t like it, _________.
A.too B.also C.either D.well
( )2.She_______ chatting with her friends after school.
A.too likes B.also likes
C.either likes D.likes also
( )3.I am enjoying sports, ______.
A.as well as B.also C.too D.either
答案:C B C
【考点12】 But they can help you to become a better person.但是他们能帮助你成为一个更好的人。
【详解】people (n.) 人;personal (adj.)个人的,私人的;personality(n.)个性
【拓展】in person 亲自;first/second/third person第一/第二/第三人称
He's just the person we need for the job. 他正是我们需要的适合这项工作的人。
【详解2】person / people / human
· person和people指“人”,human指“人类”。
· people是集合名词,表示复数概念。表示“一个人”,不用one people,而用a/one person。当表示两个以上的人时,可用 people,如“三个人”,可以说three people。
· person泛指 man,woman 或 child 中的任何一个,其复数形式是 persons,但人们习惯用 people 代替persons。
【典例】Daniel is a ________ with a strong ________. He never asks others for advice on his ________ business(事情).
A.personal; personality; person B.person; personal; personality
C.person; personality; personal D.personality; person; personal【答案】C
答案:C
【考点13】 I can only play basketball after I practise the piano.
我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。
【详解】practise作动词,意为“训练;练习”。其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
常用搭配“practise (doing) sth. 练习(做)某事”。
例如:We can see Dave practise (playing) the piano.
【拓展】
practice 可以作动词或名词,意为“练习”。
作动词时,和practise的用法一致。
作名词时,常做不可数名词。
例如:Let’s do some practice.
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧
【典例】
( )1.— What do you usually do in the morning? —I often practice ________ English.
A.speak B.to speak C.speaking
( )2. You need more _______ if you want to do better in playing the piano.
A. lesson B. money C. practice D. play
答案:C C
【考点14】 That shows respect for your class and teacher.那显示你对同学们和老师的尊重。
【详解1】show /ʃəʊ/ (v.)表明;展示;向...演示;带,领(某人到某处);展览,陈列;(n.)演出;节目;展览
[词汇搭配] show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看;向某人演示某物
show sb. to+(地点) 带/领某人去某处;show sb. around 带某人四处参观
show up出现,露面;show off 炫耀;on show 在展览
【典例】
1你能带领我参观你的学校吗?
Can you _______me _______your school?
答案:show; around
【考点15】 You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning.
你不能在课堂上使用手机,因为你需要专注于学习。
【详解1】need此处作实义动词,意为“需要”,后面可以跟名词、代词或动词不定式等作宾语。在句子中有人称和数的变化。
例句:I need a hat. 我需要一顶帽子。
Where’s his pen? He needs it. 他的钢笔在哪里?他需要它。
We need to eat healthy food. 我们需要吃健康的食物。
拓展句型:There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事。
【拓展】need还可用作情态动词,意为“需要”,用法如下:
1)没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。
2)可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。
3)其否定形式为needn’t,意为“不需要;没必要”。
4)need引导一般疑问句时,
肯定回答是:“Yes, 主语(人称代词主格)+must.”;
否定回答是:“No,主语(人称代词主格)+needn’t.”。
例如:—Need he do his homework first? 他需要先做作业吗?
—Yes, he must./ No, he needn’t.
是的,他需要(先做作业)。 / 不,他不需要(先做作业)
【详解1】focus v.集中(注意力、精力等);n.焦点
focused(adj.)注意力集中的;目标明确的;词汇搭配 focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于。例如:
Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
【典例】
( )1.I need Amy ________ me.
A.help B.helps C.helping D.to help
( )2.We have many eggs in the fridge. You ________ buy any more.
A.don’t need B.needn’t to C.don’t need to D.need to
( )3.You ________ worry. We will help you deal with the problem.
A.needn’t B.don’t need C.need not to D.doesn’t need to
( )4.He needs ________ a dictionary in the store.
A.to buy B.buying C.buys D.and buy
( )5.Granny ______ glasses when she reads newspapers.
A.doesn’t need B.need
C.doesn’t need to D.needn’t
( )6.She is only a child, so there is no need ________ her so much stress.
A.give B.giving C.to give
答案:1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.C
【考点16】 You can relax after you finish your homework.你完成作业后可以放松。
【详解】relax v. 放松,休息
[词汇拓展] <三单>relaxes;relaxed(adj.)放松的;relaxing(adj.)令人放松的;relaxation(n.)放松
I'm going to spend the weekend just relaxing. 这个周末,我什么也不干,就是休息。
【典例】
用relax的适当形式填空。
1.Listening to music can help you________.
2.I love listening to music because it can make me feel________
3.Tony likes swimming and he thinks it’s the most ________ of all sports.
答案:1.relax 2.relaxed 3.relaxing
【考点17】 And you can hang out with your friends at weekends.并且你可以在周末和你的朋友一起闲逛。
【详解】hang v.悬挂;垂下,使低垂
hang out闲逛;常去某处;hang over sb使忧心忡忡;担心可能发生
hang on 抓紧;等一下,停一下;别挂电话,等一下;hang up挂断电话
hang balloons and lanterns悬挂气球和灯笼;
Her hair hung down to her waist.她的长发垂及腰际。
Hang on─I'm not quite ready.请稍候——我还没准备好呢。
【典例】
—Can you ________ with me this Saturday?
—Sure! Catch you then!
A. hang up B.hang out C.put up put out
答案:B
【考点18】 Remember: No rules, no order! 记住:没有规则就没有秩序!
【详解1】 remember是及物动词,意为“记住,记起”;其反义词是forget,意为“忘记”。
remember后可接名词、代词、动词-ing或动词不定式作宾语,本句中remember后面的句子作其宾语。
例如:I can’t remember his telephone number.我记不得他的电话号码了。
【比较记忆】remember to do sth.与remember doing sth
remember to do sth.
记得要去做某事,说明事情还没有做,相当于don’t forget to do sth.
remember doing sth
记得做过某事,说明事情已经做过
【典例】
( )1. Remember ______ off the lights when you leave the room,please.
A.to turn B. turning C.turn D. turns
( )2.I remember ________ her at a party once(曾经), but I don’t know her name.
A.meeting B.to meet C.met D.meet
( )3.Oh, the door is open. But I remember ________ it yesterday.
A.close B.to close C.closing D.closed
答案:A A C
【详解2】“No+名词”是一个常见的英语结构,通常用于否定句中,表示某物或某事不存在或没有。以下是这种结构的一些常见用法:
1.No+名词 表示否定或缺乏
例如: No money 没有钱 No time 没有时间, No problem 没问题
2.No+名词 表示禁止或不允许
例如: No smoking 禁止吸烟。
3.No+名词 表示拒绝或不同意:
例如: No way 绝对不
【详解3】
1. rule n. 规则;规章
v.统治
ruler 意为:统治者;格尺
固定搭配:follow the rules 遵守规则 against the rules 违反规则
2.order
①n. 顺序; 点餐;订购
keep order 维持秩序 in good/bad order 有/无条理
take one’s order 点菜 make an order 下单
②v.命令;点餐;订购 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事。
③拓展固定搭配:
in order to do sth. 目的是做某事; 为了做某事。
in order that = so that +目的状语从句 目的是...;为了...
例句:May I take your order, sir? 先生,我可以请您点菜了吗?
He gets up early every morning in order to catch the bus . 为了赶上那辆公交车,他每天起得很早。
=He gets up early every morning in order that he can catch the bus.
【典例】
( )1. You mustn’t work in the lab by yourself. It’s ________ the rules.
A.for B.against C.with D.to
( )2. Everyone should always ________ traffic rules.
A.follow B.keep C.protect D.ask
( )3. We live with our grandparents ________ take good care of them.
A.in order to B.in order that C.in order D.in the order
( )4. The police ordered them ________ right there.
A.wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waited
( )5. Steve turns off his phone before reading ________ he can focus better on the story later.
A.even if B.in order that C.now that D.as soon as
( )6. Shopping is much easier for us. Now we can make ________ order on the phone.
A.an B.a C.the D.不填
( )7. He works hard ________ he can get good grades in the exam.
A.in order B.in order to C.so that D.such that
( )8. We will plant more trees in order that we can improve our environment.
A.so that B.in order to
答案:1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A
【考点19】 Dr. Know’s advice
【详解】advice 意为:建议;意见(不可数名词)
常用搭配:a piece of advice 一条建议
give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议
take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议
ask sb. for some advice 向某人征求意见
【拓展】 advise 建议 (动词)
常用搭配:
①advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。
例句: My mother advises me to study hard. 我妈妈建议我要努力学习。
②advise sb. not to do sth. 建议某人不要做某事。
例句:I advise him not play in the street. 我建议他不要在街上玩。
【近义词】 suggest v.建议;暗示 → suggestion n.建议(可数)
【典例】
( )1. Our teacher always gives us ________ when we have problems.
A.an advice B.an advise C.some advice D.some advices
( )2. My parents advise me ________ the chess club. But I don’t like it.
A.join B.joining C.to join D.joined
( )3. My parents ________ that I take my teacher’s ________.
A.advice; advise B.advise; advice
C.advices; advises D.advises; advices
( )4. I think it is ________ good advice, and it’s really ________ useful suggestion.
A.a; an B./; a C.a; a D./; an
( )5. Mrs Smart gave us ________ on how to learn English well.
A.some advices B.some suggestion
C.a piece of advice D.a piece of suggestion
6.Let me give you some ________ (suggest) and ________ (advise) about learning English.
答案:1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C
6.suggestions; advice
(一)祈使句
祈使句的含义:
祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。这类句子的主语一般是第二人称you,也就是听话者,you常省去。
肯定形式:祈使句的开头常是动词原形。为表示礼貌,经常在句首或者句末加please,如句末用please时,前面通常加逗号。
Walk in the hallway. 在走廊里走路。
Please walk in the hallway. 请在走廊里走路。
Walk in the hallway, please. 请在走廊里走路。
否定形式:祈使句的否定形式多以do not (常缩写成don’t)开头,再加上动词原形。
Don’t run in the hallway. 别在走廊里走路。
祈使句的类型:
Be型 (Be+表语+其他.)
否定句 (Don’t+be+表语+其他.)
Be quiet, please. 请安静。
Don’t be angry. 不要生气。
Do型 (实义动词原形+宾语+其他.)
否定句 (Don’t+实义动词原形+宾语+其他.)
Open the window, please. 请打开窗。
Remember they make rules to help us.他们制定规章制度是为了帮助我们。
Don’t talk in class. 不要在课堂上讲话。
Let型 (Let+宾语+动词原形+其他.)
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
Let’s go home at six o’clock.我们六点回家吧。
No+动名词 (此种形式通常用于公共场所的提示语中,意为“禁止做某事”)
No smoking! 严禁吸烟!
No parking! 不许停车!
祈使句用法歌诀
祈使句,祈使句,请求、命令或建议。
主语是you常省去,动词原形开头记。
否定形式要注意,句首要把Don’t加。
要讲客气用please,句首、句末没关系。
【当堂训练】
1.Mike, ______ TV all the time. It's not good for your eyes.
A.not watch
B.doesn't watch
C.don't watch
D.isn't watch
【答案】C
【详解】句意:迈克,不要总是看电视。这对你的眼睛不好。
考查祈使句。分析句子可知,此处是一个祈使句的否定形式,其形式是在句首加don't,表示“不要做某事”。故选C。
2.________ run in the yard, Tom. It is too dangerous.
A.Do
B.Don't
C.Not
D.Doesn't
【答案】B
【详解】句意:汤姆,别在院子里奔跑。这很危险。
考查祈使句。根据“.run in the yard, Tom. It is too dangerous.”"可知,指不要在院子里跑,是否定祈使句,结构是don't动词原形,故选B。
3.________ talk in the library.
A.Don't B.Not C.No D.don't
【答案】A
【详解】句意:不要在图书馆说话。
考查祈使句。Don't不要;Not不;No没有;don't不要。根据“…talk in the library”可知,本句是命令语气,属于祈使句,祈使句的否定形式是在句首加don't,句子首字母需要大写。故选A。
4.Amy, never ________ any sweet food before going to bed, or you will get fat easily.
A.eat B.eats C.eating D.to eat
【答案】A
【详解】句意:艾米,睡觉前不要吃任何甜食,否则你会很容易发胖的。
考查祈使句。由“never … any sweet food before going to bed”可知,句子是never+动词原形的祈使句。故选A。
5.You can't swim here. Don't you see the sign "No ________".
A.swim B.swimming C.swims D.to swim
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你不能在这里游泳。难道你没有看到“禁止游泳”的标志吗?
考查祈使句的否定形式。此处构成“No doing”句型,构成祈使句的否定形式,故选B。
6.Lingling is reading, please ________.
A.quite B.be quiet C.quiet D.be quite
【答案】B
【详解】句意:玲玲正在阅读,请保持安静。
考查祈使句。quite相当地,副词;be quiet请安静;quiet安静的,形容词;be quite无此搭配。根据“Lingling is reading”可知,此处应该保持安静,应用祈使句“be quiet”,表示“请安静”。故选B。
7.Now, let's ________ school.
A.go to B.to go C.to go to D.going to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:现在,让我们去学校。
考查动词短语。let's+动词原形,表示“让我们做某事”,短语go to school“去上学”,故选A。
8.Micheal, ________late for school.
A.don't be B.doesn't be C.isn't D.don't
【答案】A
【详解】句意:迈克尔,上学不要迟到。
考查祈使句。根据“...late for school.”可知,该句是否定祈使句,其结构是“don't+动词原形”。故选A。
(二)情态动词情态动词can, have to, must用法
1. 情态动词的基本用法
(1) 情态动词用于表明说话者的语气和情态,包括能力,可能,命令,要求,意愿,怀疑等。
(2) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。有的情态动词没有时态变化,如must等。
She can play the guitar. 他会弹吉他。
We must finish the task before Tuesday. 我们必须在周二前完成这个任务。
(3) 情态动词不能单独做谓语,后面必须接动词原形。
Lucy may arrive there at 5 o'clock. 露西可能5点到那里。
Wang Fang can play soccer well. 王芳足球踢得很好。
2. 含情态动词的各种句式
(1) 陈述句
主语+情态动词(+not)+实义动词原型+其他。
含情态动词的肯定句变否定句的规则:
· 在情态动词后加not。
· 句中有some,变为否定句时用any。
He can play basketball. 他会打篮球。
→He can't play basketball. 他不会打篮球。
(2) 一般疑问句
情态动词(+not)+主语+实义动词原型+其他?
含情态动词的陈述句变一般疑问句的规则:
· 将情态动词提到句首,实义动词用原型。其他部分基本不变;
· 若陈述句主语为第一人称,变为一般疑问句后要变成第二人称;
· 若陈述句中含有some,变成一般疑问句后一般要变成any。
I must go there with him. 我必须和他一起去那里。
→Must you go there with him? 你必须和他一起去那里吗?
(3) 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+情态动词(+not)+主语+实义动词原型+其他?
What can he do? 他会做什么?
When can you finish the task? 你什么时候能完成这项任务?
3.情态动词can的用法
(1) can的各种用法
· can用于表示能力,可译为“可以,能够,会”。
He can speak a little Chinese.他会说一点中文
Can Anna play volleyball. Anna会打排球吗?
· can用于表示请求。
Can you hand me the book? 你能把书递给我吗?
could也表示请求,语气比can更委婉。
Could you tell me your sister's telephone number? 你能告诉我你妹妹的电话号码吗?
· can用于表示许可。
You can't eat here. 你不能在这吃东西。
You can park your car here. 你可以在这停车。
(2) 含can的各种句式
· 陈述句:Sb. +can (+not) +动词原形+其他部分.
can not可缩写为can't或cannot。
My grandpa can play chess. 我的爷爷会下国际象棋。
· 一般疑问句:Can +sb. +动词原形+其他部分?
对于一般疑问句的回答:
肯定回答用Yes, sb. can. 有时也用Certainly. / Sure. / Of course. 等回答。
否定回答用No, sb. can't. 有时也用Sorry, I'm afraid you can't. (不好意思,恐怕不行。)等回答。
—Can Lucy come tomorrow? 露西明天能来吗?
—Yes, she can. 是的,她可以。
—Can we eat snacks in the class? 我们能在课堂上吃东西吗?
—No,we can't. 不,我们不能。
· 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ can sb.+动词原形+其他部分?
What can your sister do ? 你妹妹会做什么?
4.情态动词have to的用法
(1) 情态动词have to基本用法
· have to表示“不得不,必须”,表示客观情况所迫,不得不做某事。
I have to finish my homework first. 我必须先完成作业。
· have to可用于不同的时态,且有人称和数的变化。
一般现在时,主语不是第三人称单数时,用have to 结构。
一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用has to 结构。
一般过去时,用had to结构。
I have to finish my homework before 10 o'clock. 我必须在10点前完成我的作业。
Alice has to look after her sister on Sunday afternoon. 周日下午Alice必须照顾她的妹妹。
I had to look after my sister last Sunday. 上周日我得照顾我的妹妹。
(2) 一般现在时情况下have to的各种句式
· 陈述句:主语(+don't / doesn't)+have/has+to+实义动词原型+其他。
have to的否定式是在have前加don't或doesn't,表示“没有必要,不必”。
David has to practice the piano every day. 大卫必须每天练琴。
You don't have to clean your room every day. 你没有必要每天打扫房间。
· 一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+have+to+实义动词原型+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+do/does.
否定回答:No, 主语+ don't/doesn't (have to). 或 No,主语+ needn't.
—Does he have to wear a uniform? 他必须船校服吗?
—Yes, he does. 是的。
—Do I have to leave now ? 我现在必须离开了吗?
—No, you don't (have to). / No, you don't need. 不,你不必。
5.情态动词must的用法
(1) 情态动词must基本用法
· must意为“必须”,表示主观意愿,认为有必要或有义务做某事。
You must arrive before 5 p.m. 你必须5点前到达。
· must一般只表示现在,没有时态变化,也没有人称和数的变化。
She must do something about it. 对于此,她必须做点事情。
(2) must的各种句式变化
· 陈述句:主语+must (+not)+实义动词原型+其他。
must not可缩写为mustn't。
Lucy must tell her teacher the truth. 露西必须把事实告诉她的老师。
We mustn't run in the classroom. 我们一定不能在教室里跑。
· 一般疑问句:Must+主语+实义动词原型+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+must.
否定回答:No, 主语+ don't/doesn't have to. 或 No,主语+ needn't.
—Must I arrive before 7 a.m. ?我必须早上7点前到吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须(7点前到)。
—Must we clean up the room tonight ? 我们必须今晚把房间打扫干净啊?
—No, you don't have to. / No ,you needn't. 不,你们没有必要。
(3) must与have to用法比较
· must通常表示主观意愿或看法,语气强烈;have to往往强调客观情况所迫,不得不做。
· must的否定式mustn't的否定式含义为“禁止,一定不能”。而have to的否定式含义为“没有必要,不必”。
· must没有时态,人称和数的变化;have则有时态,人称和数的变化。
【当堂训练】
1.—Emma, ________ I use your eraser?
—Of course, you can. Here you are.
A.should B.must C.can D.need
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Emma,我可以用一下你的橡皮擦吗?——当然可以,给你。
考查情态动词。should应该;must必须;can可以;need需要。根据答语中的“Of course, you can.”可知,此处表示“请求允许”,应用can。故选C。
2.I ________ go camping with you this time. I have some other things to do.
A.can't B.shouldn't C.mustn't D.needn't
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这次我不能和你一起去露营了。我还有其他事情要做。
考查情态动词。can't不可能;shouldn't不应该;mustn't禁止;needn't不必。根据“I have some other things to do.”可知,不能一起去露营。故选A。
3.—_________ I swim here?
—I'm sorry. Children _________ swim alone here. It's very dangerous.
A.Must; can't B.May; shouldn't
C.Can; mustn't D.Can; needn't
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我可以在这里游泳吗?——非常抱歉。孩子禁止独自在这里游泳。非常危险。
考查情态动词。must必须;can't不能;may可以,表请求;should't不应该;can可以,表请求;mustn't禁止;needn't不必。第一个空根据“I'm sorry.”可知,上文应是表示请求,故排除A;第二个空根据“It's very dangerous.”可知,这里很危险,故孩子应禁止独自在这里游泳。故选C。
4.—Must I park my car behind the building?
—No, you ________. You ________ park it here.
A.mustn't; need B.don't have to; may C.may not; must D.needn't; must
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我必须把车停在大楼后面吗?——不,你不必。你可以把车停在这儿。
考查情态动词。mustn't禁止;need需要;don't have to不必;may可以;may not可能不;needn't不必;must必须。根据“Must I park my car behind the building?”可知,以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答用don't have to/needn't,排除A、C选项;空二处表示可以把车停在这儿,用may符合语境。故选B。
5.—Do you ________ clean the classroom every day?
—Yes. We usually clean it after class.
A.have to B.has to C.must D.can
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你必须每天打扫教室吗?——是的。我们通常在课后打扫它。
考查动词辨析。have to不得不,必须;has to动词三单形式;must必须;can能够。Do是助动词,位于句首构成一般疑问句,所以这里不能用must或can,因为这两者构成一般疑问句都是放在Do的位置;Do是助动词,后跟动词原形。故选A。
6.Tom can't come to your party because he ________ do his homework.
A.doesn't have to B.can't C.mustn't D.has to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:Tom不能参加你的派对,因为他必须要做他的家庭作业。
考查情态动词辨析。doesn't have to不必;can't不能;mustn't禁止;has to不得不,必须。根据句中“can't come to your party”可知,因为Tom必须做家庭作业,所以不能参加聚会,此处使用has to。故选D。
7.—Rules are rules!
—That's true. We ________ follow them.
A.can B.have to C.may D.must
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——规则就是规则!——确实如此。我们必须遵守它们。
考查情态动词。can能够;have to不得不,强调客观上不得不;may可以;must必须,强调主观上必须。此处指主观上必须遵守规则,应用must。故选D。
8.These days in Xiaogan, you ________ wear a mask (口罩) when you get on the bus.
A.must B.can't C.has to D.aren't
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在孝感的这些日子,你上公共汽车时必须戴口罩。
考查情态动词。must必须;can't不能;has to必须,不得不;aren't不是。根据“wear a mask when you get on the bus”可知上公共汽车时必须戴口罩,所以B和D项排除,主语是“you”,应该用have,排除C项。故选A。
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