UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking(word练习)-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步练测（人教版2019）

[对应素能提升训练第36页] [基础语用题] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The city has been built up so fast that it has changed beyond(超出)recognition. 2．He shook his head and wiped his tears with a tissue(纸巾). 3．The money to build the power station ought to have been sufficient(充足的). 4．The lack of facilities(设施)for elderly people has cast doubts on the whole of the redevelopment scheme. 5．We found something floating(漂浮)on the river and felt frightened. 6．A sharp ache developed in her back muscles(肌肉). 7．They are unwilling to lower their current(当前的)living conditions. 8．She used the towel(毛巾)thoughtfully provided by her host. 9．We should make better use of alternative energy, such as solar(太阳的)and wind power. 10．Recycle(回收利用)cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers as much as you can. Ⅱ.短语填空 first of all；due to；under control；give up；look forward to 1．Due to the right decision, our company managed to survive the most difficult time. 2．I looked forward to seeing Julie smile when I put the gifts on her desk. 3．It's our duty to bring the pollution under control． 4．Lost in the forest, you should first of all remain where you are, waiting for help to come. 5．We will be able to get over all kinds of challenges if we can stick to our dreams and never give up． Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it. 2．A lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities. 3．It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment. 4．He is the first Chinese citizen to win(win)this award. 5．George returned after the war, only to be told(tell)that his wife had left him. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．他迫不及待地要把这一新设备展示给销售代表们看。 He can't wait to show the new equipment to the sales representatives. 2．换句话说， 我们应该在利用自然资源的同时保持地球的健康。 In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources． 3．他与人和睦相处的能力是他的主要优点。 His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage. 4．他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 He is the best man to do the job． 5．他急急忙忙赶到售票处， 却被告知票已经被卖光了。 He hurried to the ticket office, only to be told no ticket was available/all the tickets had been sold out． Ⅴ.语段填空(用不定式完成下列语篇) School bullying can threaten students' physical and emotional safety at school and can influence 1.their ability to learn(他们的学习能力).There are a number of things you can do 2.to make schools safe(确保学校安全)and prevent bullying. For younger kids, 3.the best way to solve(最好的解决办法)the bullying problem is to tell a trusted adult.For teens, the tell­an­adult way depends on the bullying situation.If someone is heard or seen being beaten, you should step in 4.to stop the bullying(制止欺凌)right away.If you cannot stop it by yourself, then find someone who can 5.to keep the bully away from the person(让欺负者远离这个人)he or she is bullying.You might even need to call the police in some situations. [能力提升题] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (宁德高一期末)Astronauts could be able to find drinking water inside tiny glass beads(玻璃珠)that are scattered(散落)across the surface of the Moon, according to researchers. The glass beads were found by scientists from the UK's Open University while they were studying samples taken by China's Chang'e­5 spacecraft during a mission in 2020. Water is made up of two elements—hydrogen and oxygen. The beads are created when meteoroids—small rocks or iron orbiting the Sun—hit the Moon. The crash causes small drops of melting(融化的)rock to rain down. When they mix with Moon dust they become beads that contain oxygen. When solar wind reaches the Moon, hydrogen and oxygen meet. This creates water that is locked inside the beads when they cool. This isn't the first time that scientists have found evidence of water on the Moon. Research has shown that there is frozen water inside dark craters(陨石坑)at the Moon's north and south poles. However, researchers believe that the glass beads must be scattered all over the Moon because it is often hit by meteoroids. They think there could be as much as 300 million tonnes of water stored in beads. Getting water out of the beads should be much easier than getting it from craters. Astronauts will just need to heat them up. The water comes out as a gas, which becomes liquid when it cools. This research is really important for future Moon missions. It means that astronauts living there for a long time to carry out research could have a natural source of water. NASA plans to land people on the Moon in 2025 and the European Space Agency plans to build astronauts a Moon village. Professor Mahesh Anand, who was involved in the study, told The Guardian newspaper, “This is one of the most exciting discoveries we've made.” [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现， 该研究认为航天员可以在散布在月球表面的微小玻璃珠中找到饮用水。 1．What do we know about the glass beads? A．They were found during a mission in 2020. B．They are made up of oxygen and hydrogen. C．They are small rocks orbiting the sun. D．They are evidence of water on the moon. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“The glass beads were found by scientists from the UK's Open University while they were studying samples taken by China's Chang'e­5 spacecraft during a mission in 2020.(这些玻璃珠是由英国开放大学的科学家发现的， 当时他们正在研究中国嫦娥五号飞船在2020年的一次任务中采集的样本。)”可知， 这些玻璃珠是英国开放大学的科学家在研究中国嫦娥五号飞船在2020年的一次任务中采集的样本时发现的。因此， 这些玻璃珠是在2020年一次任务中采集到的。故选A。 答案　A 2．How can the astronauts get a natural source of water on the moon? A．By heating the beads up. B．By mixing up Moon dust. C．By cooling the hot rocks. D．By freezing the dark craters. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“Getting water out of the beads should be much easier than getting it from craters. Astronauts will just need to heat them up. The water comes out as a gas, which becomes liquid when it cools.(从珠子里取水应该比从陨石坑里取水容易得多。航天员只需要加热它们。水以气体的形式排出， 冷却后变成液体。)”可知， 航天员只需要加热玻璃珠， 水就会以气体的形式排出， 冷却后就会变成液体。故选A。 答案　A 3．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Elements. B．Beads. C．Drops of melting rock. D．Crashes of iron. 解析　代词指代题。根据“The crash causes small drops of melting(融化的)rock to rain down.(撞击导致融化的小石块像雨点一样落下。)”可推测， they代指的是融化的小石块。故选C。 答案　C 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Exploration of the Moon B．NASA Studies Water on the Moon C．Formation of Moon Water D．Glass Beads Hold Moon Water 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Astronauts could be able to find drinking water inside tiny glass beads(玻璃珠)that are scattered(散落)across the surface of the Moon, according to researchers. The glass beads were found by scientists from the UK's Open University while they were studying samples taken by China's Chang'e­5 spacecraft during a mission in 2020.”以及全文内容可知， 文章主要介绍了研究人员宣称航天员可以在散布在月球表面的微小玻璃珠中找到饮用水。故选D。 答案　D B (青岛高一期末)“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds… Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves.I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking, spoken at a science festival in Norway in 2017, a year before his death. Hawking was not alone in this view.Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize(移民)other planets.That way, if an asteroid(小行星), a terrible disease, nuclear war, or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization would still have a chance.Mars is one of the ideal destinations.NASA, SpaceX, and Mars One all have plans to send humans there.“Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct, ” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013. But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan.The most common argument against going is that it's just too expensive or dangerous.It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live.It's not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change.Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet. In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there.Human visitors change or damage the Martian environment.Some feel that's too much of a risk to take. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了有些专家认为为了人类和人类文明的延续， 人类应该离开地球， 移民去其他星球， 尤其是去火星。而一些人认为这样的计划不仅昂贵而且危险， 甚至还会破坏火星的生态。 5．What is Stephen Hawking's view according to paragraph 1? A．The earth is likely to blow up. B．Humans are using up natural resources on Earth. C．It is necessary to spread out to other planets. D．We should explore our world to save ourselves. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“ ‘We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds… Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves.I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth.’ These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking(‘我们即将用尽空间， 唯一可以去的地方是其他星球……延伸探索范围可能是自我拯救的唯一方法。我相信， 人类需要离开地球’， 这是著名的科学家史蒂芬·霍金的话。)”可知， 霍金认为延伸探索其他星球是必要的。故选C。 答案　C 6．Why are many experts in favor of leaving Earth? A．Because there will be a nuclear war in the near future. B．Because human can live better on Mars. C．Because it is a way for earth civilization to last. D．Because it is a way to test our space technology. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize other planets.That way, if an asteroid(小行星), a terrible disease, nuclear war, or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization would still have a chance.(许多专家认为， 人类要想在未来生存下去， 唯一的办法就是移民其他行星。用那种方式， 如果一颗小行星， 一种可怕的疾病， 核战争， 或其他一些灾难袭击地球， 文明仍然有机会。)”可知， 许多专家支持离开地球是因为这是地球文明得以延续的一种方式。故选C。 答案　C 7．Which of the following may those who are against colonizing Mars agree? A．It is wiser to deal with problems on Earth. B．It is easy to stop a disease outbreak. C．Human will not survive on Mars. D．It is impossible to set up a place for people to live on Mars. 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.(一些专家认为， 留在地球上处理像小行星撞击或暴发疾病这样的问题要比在新星球上生存要容易得多， 也更便宜得多。)”可知， 反对移民火星的人会同意处理地球上的问题更明智。故选A。 答案　A 8．What is the best title of passage? A．Leaving Earth to Other Planets B．Should We Colonize Mars? C．New Home on New Planet D．A Mar Mission Is on The Way 解析　主旨大意题。第一段“Stephen Hawking”的话中“Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves.(探索外界可能是拯救我们自身的唯一途径。)”， 引出话题， 我们可能需要去其他星球来拯救我们自己。第二段“Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize other planets.(许多专家认为， 人类要想在未来生存下去， 唯一的办法就是移民其他行星。)”表明很多专家支持移民火星的计划。第三段“But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan.(但并不是每个人都同意， 向火星或其他任何行星移民是一个伟大的计划。)”， 紧接着分析了移民火星的代价和危害， 综合可知， 整篇文章就是在讲我们要不要移民火星， 选项B“Should We Colonize Mars？”我们应该移民火星吗？符合要求， 故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.完形填空 (连云港高一期中)It is well­known that China has made clear plans to send astronauts to land on Moon before 2030 and is steadily 1 . However, China has done many things besides that. Many countries are interested in Mars(火星). So far, about 50 Mars missions have been 2 globally. But nearly half of them have 3 to get there. The 4 about failure went with Tianwen 1, China's first Mars exploring probe, which was launched on July 23, 2020. After around 10 months of travelling, the craft landed 5 on the surface of the planet on May 15, 2021. The good news that we made 6 met with both relief and celebration in the country and the concern disappeared. The success marks that China has become one of the leading 7 of outer space. It also reveals that China has got breakthroughs(突破)in the development of space exploration technologies as they are all entirely developed 8 ． Why can China do this without any outside help? It is the can­do spirit. The Chinese people use wisdom and courage to 9 all the difficulties. In the early 1960s, when the country 10 a poor and backward country, the government decided to 11 rocket and space technologies: With the correct direction and continuous efforts, we get to where we are today step 12 step. On April 29, 2021, China sent Tianhe Core Module(天和核心舱)into space, 13 the construction of China's space station. Two weeks ago, three astronauts took Shenzhou­17 to the station and began their 6 months of working and living there. China has been devoted to the peaceful use of outer space and has made many 14 to it. In some of the space missions, China welcomes the 15 who have the same belief. Let's expect what China will achieve in the future! [语篇导读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国在太空探索领域所取得的成就， 包括发射探测器、建设空间站等， 以及中国人民的勤劳勇敢精神和智慧对取得这些成就的贡献。 1．A．putting off　　　　 B．slowing down C．pushing forward D．stepping back 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：众所周知， 中国已经制定了明确的计划， 在2030年前将航天员送上月球， 并正在稳步推进。A．putting off(延期)；B．slowing down(减速)；C．pushing forward(推进)；D．stepping back(后退)。根据下一句“However, China has done many things besides that.”以及下文中国已经取得的成就可知， 这一计划正在稳步推进。故选C。 答案　C 2．A．carried out B．carried away C．carried off D．carried on 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：到目前为止， 全球已经执行了大约50次火星任务。A．carried out(执行)；B．carried away(带走)；C．carried off(夺走)；D．carried on(继续进行)。根据上文“Many countries are interested in Mars(火星).”可知， 有许多国家都对去火星感兴趣， 全球已经执行了大约50次的火星任务。故选A。 答案　A 3．A．failed B．begun C．succeeded D．attempted 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：但其中近一半的人未能实现这一目标。A．failed(失败)；B．begun(开始)；C．succeeded(成功)；D．attempted(尝试)。根据But可知， 本句和上文存在转折关系。虽然全球已经执行了大约50次的火星任务， 但是近一半没能成功。故选A。 答案　A 4．A．loss B．concern C．awareness D．ignorance 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：2020年7月23日， 中国首个火星探测器“天问一号”发射升空， 引发了对失败的担忧。A．loss(损失)；B．concern(担忧)；C．awareness(意识)；D．ignorance(忽视)。根据下文“the concern disappeared”可知， 中国“天问一号”探测器发射引发了人们的担忧。故选B。 答案　B 5．A．obviously B．calmly C．suddenly D．successfully 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：经过大约10个月的旅行， 该飞船于2021年5月15日成功降落在火星表面。A．obviously(显而易见地)；B．calmly(平静地)；C．suddenly(突然)；D．successfully(成功地)。根据下文“The success marks that China has become one of the leading 7 of outer space.”可知， 探测船成功降落在火星表面。故选D。 答案　D 6．A．it B．that C．which D．one 解析　考查代词辨析。句意：我们成功的好消息让这个国家感到宽慰和庆幸， 担忧消失了。A．it(它)；B．that(那)；C．which(哪一个)；D．one(一个)。根据下文“The success marks that China has become one of the leading 7 of outer space.”可知， 探测船成功降落在火星表面。make it意为“获得成功”。故选A。 答案　A 7．A．applicants B．officials C．explorers D．judges 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：这一成功标志着中国已成为太空探索的领先国家之一。A．applicants(申请者)；B．officials(官员)；C．explorers(探险者)；D．judges(法官， 裁判)。根据上文“Many countries are interested in Mars(火星). So far, about 50 Mars missions have been 2 globally. But nearly half of them have 3 to get there.”可知， 很多国家对火星感兴趣， 全球已经执行了大约50次火星任务， 但有近一半的任务都失败了。“天问一号”的成功登陆标志着中国成为太空探索的领先国家之一。故选C。 答案　C 8．A．independently B．definitely C．quickly D．fortunately 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：它还表明， 中国在太空探索技术的发展方面取得了突破， 因为它们都是完全自主开发的。A．independently(自主地)；B．definitely(肯定地)；C．quickly(迅速地)；D．fortunately(幸运地)。根据下文“Why can China do this without any outside help？”可知， 中国在太空探索技术的发展方面取得了突破并没有依靠外在的帮助， 都是完全自主开发的。故选A。 答案　A 9．A．get back B．get over C．get along D．get up 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国人民用智慧和勇气克服了一切困难。A．get back(返回)；B．get over(克服)；C．get along(进展)；D．get up(起床， 站起来)。根据上文“Why can China do this without any outside help? It is the can­do spirit.”可知， 中国人民克服了一切困难。故选B。 答案　B 10．A．measured B．accounted C．remained D．attracted 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：20世纪60年代初， 当国家还是一个贫穷落后的国家时， 政府决定发展火箭和航天技术。A．measured(测量)；B．accounted(解释)；C．remained(保持)；D．attracted(吸引)。根据时间状语“In the early 1960s”以及常识可知， 中国在20世纪60年代初还是一个贫穷落后的国家。故选C。 答案　C 11．A．remove B．exchange C．regret D．develop 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：20世纪60年代初， 当国家还是一个贫穷落后的国家时， 政府决定发展火箭和航天技术。A．remove(去除)；B．exchange(交换)；C．regret(后悔)；D．develop(发展， 开发)。根据上文“It also reveals that China has got breakthroughs(突破)in the development of space exploration technologies as they are all entirely developed 8 ．”可知， 中国决定发展火箭和航天技术。故选D。 答案　D 12．A．on B．in C．by D．about 解析　考查介词辨析。句意：只要方向正确， 不断努力， 我们就会一步一步地走到今天。A．on(在……上)；B．in(在……里)；C．by(凭借)；D．about(关于)。根据“With the correct direction and continuous efforts”可知， 中国通过不断努力， 一步一步地走到今天。step by step意为“一步一步”。故选C。 答案　C 13．A．starting B．counting C．suffering D．cutting 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：2021年4月29日， 中国将天和核心舱送入太空， 开始了中国空间站的建设。A．starting(开始)；B．counting(数数)；C．suffering(遭受)；D．cutting(切)。根据“On April 29, 2021, China sent Tianhe Core Module(天和核心舱)into space”可知， 中国从将天和核心舱送入太空开始了中国空间站的建设。故选A。 答案　A 14．A．advances B．contributions C．mistakes D．efforts 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：中国一直致力于和平利用外层空间， 并为此做出了许多贡献。A．advances(进步)；B．contributions(贡献)；C．mistakes(错误)；D．efforts(努力)。根据上文内容可知， 中国已经在太空探索方面作出了许多贡献。故选B。 答案　B 15．A．partners B．workers C．teachers D．enemies 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：在一些航天任务中， 中国欢迎有相同信念的合作伙伴。A．partners(搭档， 合伙人)；B．workers(工人)；C．teachers(教师)；D．enemies(敌人)。根据“who have the same belief”可知， 中国欢迎的是有共同信念的合作伙伴。故选A。 答案　A Ⅲ.语法填空 (蚌埠高一期末)On May 15, China landed its Mars probe, Tianwen 1, on the red planet, 1. (enter)a new chapter of China's deep space exploration and marking another 2. (contribute)to humanity's exploration of the universe. The lander, carrying a Mars rover(火星车), touched down at its pre­selected landing area in the southern part of Utopia Planitia.Earlier, on July 23, 2020, Tianwen 1, consisting of an orbiter, a lander and a rover, 3. (launch)from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site.It was the first step 4. (conduct)China's planetary exploration of the solar system, 5. the aim of completing orbiting, landing and roving on the red planet in one mission. More than 40 Mars missions 6. (carry)out since the 1960s, 7. only about half have succeeded.The success rate for landing is even 8. (low).The exploration of Mars will not only investigate 9. there is or was life on Mars but will also help throw light on the history of evolution and the various future development 10. (trend)of Earth, as well as search for potential living space for human beings, which must be extremely important for human society. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“天问一号”火星探测器成功降落在火星上， 开启了中国深空探索的新篇章， 也为人类探索宇宙做出了新的贡献。 1．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：5月15日， 中国将火星探测器“天问一号”降落在这颗红色星球上， 开启了中国深空探索的新篇章， 也为人类探索宇宙做出了新的贡献。分析可知， 设空处及之后的内容在句中作状语， 结合and marking, 可知此处要用现在分词形式entering。故填entering。 答案　entering 2．解析　考查名词。句意：5月15日， 中国将火星探测器“天问一号”降落在这颗红色星球上， 开启了中国深空探索的新篇章， 也为人类探索宇宙做出了新的贡献。根据句中another可知其后要跟单数名词。contribute(贡献)为动词， 其名词形式为contribution。故填contribution。 答案　contribution 3．解析　考查时态和语态。句意：早些时候， 即2020年7月23日， “天问一号”从文昌宇宙飞船发射场发射升空， 它由一个轨道器、一个着陆器和一个巡航器组成。分析可知， 设空处在句中作谓语， 结合时间状语on July 23, 2020, 此处的时态为一般过去时；句子主语 Tianwen 1与动词launch为动宾关系， 所以launch要用被动。所以填was launched。故填was launched。 答案　was launched 4．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：这是实施中国的太阳系行星探索的第一步， 目的是在一次任务中完成在这颗红色星球上的绕轨道运行、着陆和巡游。step为名词， 其前有序数词first修饰， 所以此处要用不定式作定语， 故填to conduct。 答案　to conduct 5．解析　考查介词。句意：这是实施中国的太阳系行星探索的第一步， 目的是在一次任务中完成在这颗红色星球上的绕轨道运行、着陆和巡游。固定短语with the aim of(以……为目的), 故填介词with。 答案　with 6．解析　考查时态和语态。句意：自20世纪60年代以来， 有超过40个火星任务被执行， 然而只有大约一半成功。结合句中since the 1960s, 所以此处要用现在完成时；句中主语More than 40 Mars missions为复数含义， 与动词短语carry out为动宾关系， 所以carry out要用被动语态。故填have been carried。 答案　have been carried 7．解析　考查连词。句意：自20世纪60年代以来， 有超过40个火星任务被执行， 然而只有大约一半成功。根据句意可知， 已经实施了40多次火星任务， 只有大约一半成功。所以设空后的内容与前文为转折关系， 空白处要用表示转折关系的并列连词。故填but/yet。 答案　but/yet 8．解析　考查比较级。句意：着陆的成功率更低。even常置于比较级之前， 所以此处要用比较级lower。故填lower。 答案　lower 9．解析　考查连词。句意：探索火星不仅会研究火星上是否存在生命， 也会有助于了解地球的进化历史和未来的发展趋势， 以及探索人类潜在的生存空间， 这对人类社会来说必定极为重要。分析可知， there is or was life on Mars在句中为宾语从句， 句子不缺少成分， 意义上缺少“是否”含义， whether, 意为“是否”， 故填whether。 答案　whether 10．解析　考查名词复数。句意：探索火星不仅会研究火星上是否存在生命， 也会有助于了解地球的进化历史和未来的发展趋势， 以及探索人类潜在的生存空间， 这对人类社会来说必定极为重要。trend(趋势)为可数名词， 结合句中the various future development, 所以此处要用复数。故填trends。 答案　trends 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$