Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. Section A Grammar Focus - 4c课件2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

I’ll help to clean up the city parks. Unit 2 Section A Grammar-4c Learning objectives Mater the new words and phrases like raise; midnight; alone; be busy with; raise money for homeless people; for fun;worry about;be worried about. Master the form and usage of infinitive and use it in context correctly; Make a summary of phrasal verbs and know their common rules. Review Mario and Mary ____ ___ several hours each week __ ____ others. Mario wants __ ___ an animal doctor. He _________ at an animal hospital. He wants __ _____ more about ____ __ care for animals. He gets such____ _________ ________ ___ __________when he sees the animals____ ______and the look of______on their________faces. to help give up to be to learn volunteers how to a strong feeling of satisfaction get better joy owners’ Review Mary is a _____ ______. She could read by herself __ ___ ____ of four. Last year, she decided __ ___ ___ for a volunteer after-school reading program. Mary still works there once a week __ ____ kids _____ __ read. Volunteering here is a dream _____ ______ for her. She can do what she _____ ___ ___and help others —— —— ——— ————. to try out at the age loves to do learn to to help book lover come true at the same time Please underline the infinitive structures. I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school. would like to do ask sb. to do volunteer to do learn to do decide to do help sb. to do make.to do 不定式表目的 let sb. do help sb. do Grammar Focus “to+动词原形”， 有时to可省略。 Rule 1: 构成： to 动词原形（do） + The form of infinitive I plan to read books for the old people. to read 即： 带to的不定式 我计划去为老人们读书。 Rule 2: My teacher makes me clean up the classroom every day. clean Rule 2: 动词原形（do） 即： 不带to的不定式 我的老师让我每天打扫教室。 The form of infinitive Rule 3: I expect not to be late for the English class. not to be My mother lets me not play computer games all day. not play Rule 3: 动词不定式/原形的否定式： not to do 或 not do The form of infinitive He wants to be an animal doctor. 主语 谓语 宾语 Rule 1: 做宾语 动词 + to do 常见动词有： 想要_____________期望_____________希望____________计划____________ 决定_____________学会_____________同意____________需要___________ 自愿_____________拒绝_____________想要____________ want expect hope plan decide volunteer learn agree need refuse would like The usage of infinitive Rule 1: 做宾语 特殊疑问词+to do 作宾语 what, which, who, where, when, how to do 这种结构往往跟在：decide, know, ask, show, teach, guess, find out等动词（短语）后哦 Eg:I don’t know how to teach Children. 我不知道如何教孩子。 The usage of infinitive She teaches the woman to read. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 Rule 2: 做宾补 动词 + to do 宾语（Sb） 常见：advise,ask, want, tell, invite, expect ,teach+sb to do sth 动词 + not to do 宾语（Sb） 否定： 1) I’ll it. let made 1.动词 , , 后用do做宾语补足语。 2. 后可用do 做宾语补足语。 He yesterday. saw 2) He . let/make sb do sth （使得） （让） make let see,hear him do me stand me do housework 宾补 hear/see sb do sth 听到/看到某人做某事全过程 He yesterday. heard me sing songs 口诀: 看听使得让 3. 后可用to do 也可用do。 The volunteer homework. helped help （帮助） me (to ) do help后常省略to 宾补 help sb to do/do sth 帮助某人做某事 He wants something to drink,because it’s too hot. 主语 谓语 后置定语 宾语 Rule 3 做（后置）定语 名词/代 + to do Exercise：我有一个帮助他人的好主意。 I have a good idea to help others. The usage of infinitive The usage of infinitive My hobby is to do sports. 主语 系动词 表语 Rule 4: 做表语 be + to do Exercise：我的计划是去图书馆。 My plan is to go to the library. Rule 5: 做目的状语 动词 + to do Exercise：我打篮球去保持健康。 I play basketball to keep healthy. She is singing to relax. 主语 谓语 目的状语 =To keep healthy,I play basketball . The usage of infinitive to do放句首 表强调，后有, Rule 6: 做结果状语 动词 + to do Exercise:他足够大去上学了。 He is old enough to go to school. He woke up only to find everybody gone. 主语 谓语 结果状语 The usage of infinitive Rule 7: 做原因状语 be + to do Exercise:我很惊讶见到你。 I am surprised to see you. He is glad to help the woman. 主语 系表 原因状语 adj 在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。 The usage of infinitive Rule 8: 做主语 It’s +adj+(for sb)+to do sth （对某人而言）做某事怎么样。 在这个句型中，it做形式主语，to do sth 是真正的主语。 To learn English is interesting. 主语 =It’s interesting to learn English. 头重脚轻 The usage of infinitive Expansion 动词后接不定式作宾语，且宾语补足语是形容词时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语（动词不定式）放在句尾。常见的有此用法的动词有： feel, find, make, think, believe，等。 I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这份工作很难。 主语 谓语 形式宾语 宾补 真正宾语 Rule 9: 做真正宾语 Summary ：不定式的用法： 构成： 带to to do 2. 不带to do 肯定形式： 否定形式： not to do 2. not do see/watch,hear,make/let+sb+do （看听使得让） 21 用法： want/expect/hope/plan/agree/learn等+to do ask/tell/want/invite/expect/advise等+sb to do sth 宾语 宾补 目的状语 后置定语 表语 动词+to do 名词/代词+to do be+to do 疑问词+ 结果状语 动词+to do 原因状语 be+adj+to do 主语 v作主语变to do，常用it’s+adj+(for sb)to do sth 真正宾语 find/think等+it+adj+to do sth. Exercises 1. Mother asks me _____ English every morning. A. read B. to read C. reading D. no read 2. Michael visits many websites _____ about Chinese culture. A. learn B. learned C. to learn D.learning 3. —Please stay with me this weekend. —I’m sorry, but my father and I planned _____ Beijing a long time ago. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 9. —Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It’s dangerous _____ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. answer C. to answer 23 Exercises 5. –I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? -- I haven’t decided where ____. A. go B. went C. going D. to go 6.I always tell my students ____ on the road because it’s really dangerous. A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play 7.The government is setting up nature parks __ protect pandas. A.help B.to help C.helped D.helps 24 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. help move do make visit spend Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do ________ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us. to do to help to make be worried about =worry about 担心 为了乐趣 4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. help move do make visit spend Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way __________ our free time. For example, we can make plans _________ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year __________ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there. to spend to visit to move 筹钱 4b 停止当前所做 Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box. put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off 1. I want to _______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year. 2. She hopes to ________ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs. put off call up be busy with sth/doing sth 忙于做某事 至少 是否 4a Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off 3. Our class is trying to ______________ some ideas to __________ sick children because they are often sad. 4. We decided to _________ signs around the school and __________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _________ the money from the sale to homeless people. come up with cheer up put up hand out give out Phrasal verbs 短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。 29 Phrasal verbs 相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。 __________ 照顾 _________ 看 _________ 喜欢；照顾 ____________考虑 _________ 同意 _________等待 I look after my sister when my mother is busy. He looked at the picture carefully. 动词+介词 look after think about look at agree with care for wait for 30 Phrasal verbs 看作及物动词，名词作宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时；只能位于动词与副词之间。 __________ 放弃 _________ 打扫 _________ 振奋起来 ____________推迟 _________ 拒绝 _________举起/粘贴/搭建 动词+副词 give up put off clean up turn down cheer up put up This is a new word. You’d better look it up in the dictionary. It’s too noisy. Please turn down the TV. =It’s too noisy. Please turn the TV down. 31 Phrasal verbs 相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词之后。 _____________ 想出 _______________ 期待 _____________ 用完 _____________ 赶上 动词+副词+介词 come up with run out of look forward to catch up with He worked hard to catch up with his classmates. I’m looking forward to the weekend. 32 Phrasal verbs 相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明 程度，宾语位于介词之后。 _____________ 取笑 __________________ 与······交朋友 _____________ 照顾 _____________ 利用 动词+名词+介词 make fun of take care of make friends with make use of It’s impolite to make fun of your classmate. We could make better use of our resources.（资源） 33 Phrasal verbs 相当于及物动词， 宾语位于介词之后。 _______________ 与……不同 ______________ 因为······而出名 _______________ 忙于 _____________ 与······相似 be+形容词+介词 be different from be busy with be famous for be similar to The girl is similar to her sister. China is famous for its long history. 34 Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives. 4c 1. I’d like to volunteer ____________________________________________________. 2. At 12:00 midnight, I called my friend ____________________________________________________. 3. I’m very busy but I could help ____________________________________________________. 4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want ______________________________________________________. 5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) ______________________________________________________. at the food bank and help to give out food. to hang out in the street. to come up with some ideas about the party games to visit my grandparents in the countryside not to do that, because they think it's not safe adv.独自地 $$