Unit 1讲义- 2024-2025学年沪教版（2024）英语七年级下册

广州七年级英语下册Unit 1（单词+课文+考点+练习） 一、单词汇总 名词： advice／əd＇vais／n.建议 future／＇fju：tfə（r）／n.将来；未来 relative／＇relətiv／n.亲戚；亲属 personality／，p3：sə＇næləti／n．性格；个性 topic／＇topik／n.话题；标题 competition／，kompə＇trf（ə）n／n.比赛；竞赛 shower／＇faoə（r）／n.淋浴 superman／＇su： pəmæn／n.超人 动词： encourage／m＇karid3／v．鼓励；激励 形容词： cheerful／＇tfiəf（ə）l／adj．快乐的；高兴的 ＊fried／fraid／adj.油炸的；油煎的； bored／bo：d／adj.烦闷的 active／＇æktiv／adj.忙碌的；活跃的 narrow／＇nærəo／adj.狭窄的；窄小的 副词： seldom／＇seldəm／adv.不常；很少；难得 wisely／＇waizli／adv.聪明地；明智地 连词： wherever／weər＇evə（r）／conj.各处；处处 二、重点短语汇总 give up 认输；放弃 community／kə＇mju：nəti／n.社区 attention／ə＇tenf（ə）n／n.专心；注意力 uniform／＇ju：nifo：m／n.制服；校服 characteristic／，kærəktə＇ristik／n．特点；品质 smartphone／＇sma：tfəon／n.智能手机 retire／rr＇tarə（r）／v.（令）退职；（使）退休 medical／＇medik（ə）l／adj．医学的；医疗的 smart／sma：t／adj.聪明的；机敏的 strict／strikt／adj.要求严格的；严厉的 online／，pn＇lain／adj.在线的 soon／su：n／adv.很快；马上；不久 in the future 在未来 be worried about 担心 be strict about对······要求严格 take care of 照顾 be patient with 对......有耐心 help sb do 帮助某人（做）··· give sb advice.给某人建议 feel bored 感到无聊的 work out 解决 protect from 保护免受······的伤害 bring up 抚养（成人） cook meals for 为······做饭：为.....准备食物 give sb.support 给予某人支持 keep one＇s attention 保持某人的注意力 used to 曾经 3． 考点汇总 【考点1】My mother always listens to me and give me advice． 我妈妈总是听我说话，给我一些建议。 【详解】advice n.建议（不可数名词）→advise v.建议 give sb.advice 给某人建议 a piece of advice 一则建议 some advice 一些建议 follow/take one's advice/ suggestions听从某人的建议： 【拓展】辨析 advice 和 suggestion 名词 用法 动词 用法 advice 不可数名词，无复数形式。 advise advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 suggestion 可数名词，复数形式是suggestions. suggest suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 suggest (that) sb. (should)do sth. 【考点2】My father always encourages me to study hard and never give up． 我的爸爸总是鼓励我努力学习，永不放弃。 【详解1】encourage v．鼓励；激励 【拓展】①courage n.勇气 ② encouragement n.鼓励 ③ encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 【详解2】give up 放弃 【拓展】give 相关的短语 give away 分发；赠送 give back 归还 give off 发出（光、热等）give out 分发；耗尽 give sb.a hand 帮助某人 give in 屈服；让步 give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.给某人某物 【考点3】My grandma used to be a doctor hut she retired many years ago. 我奶奶以前是一名医生，但她多年前就退休了。 【详解1】used to be：曾经是 “used to＋动词原形”表示过去常常做某事，通常用于描述过去的一种习惯或状态。 否定形式为“didn＇t use to＋动词原形”或“used not to＋动词原形”。 例句：I used to go to school by bike.我过去常常骑自行车上学。 He didn＇t use to smoke.他过去不抽烟。 【拓展】be／get used to doing 习惯于..... I am／get used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 【详解2】retire：v．退休 →retired adj．退休的（同时也是retire的过去式和过去分词） 例句：My father retired last year.我父亲去年退休了。 He is retired now.他现在已经退休了。 【考点4】She is kind to everyone and very patient with people and she is always cheerful. 她对每个人都很好，对人也很有耐心，而且她总是很高兴。 【详解1】be kind to：对......友善的＝be friendly to 【详解2】cheerful：adj．欢快的，高兴的。同义词：glad，happy。 【拓展】cheer v.（为.....）欢呼，加油 短语： cheer sb.up 使某人振奋起来／使某人开心 例句：She told him a funny story to cheer him up. 她给她讲了一个有趣的故事，让他开心起来。 【详解3】patient：adj．有耐心的→impatient 没有耐心的短语：be patient with sb. v.对...有耐心 【拓展】patient 还可以作名词，意为“病人”。 例句：The doctor is patient with his patients.这名医生对他的病人们很有耐心。 【考点5】She gives them tips on how to stay healthy． 她给了他们如何保持健康的建议。 【详解1】tip 诀窍；小费 gives sb.tips on：就......给某人建议 【详解2】“how to stay healthy”为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作介词on的宾语。动词不定式可以和what、which、who、when、where、how等连用，构成“疑问词＋to do”结构，在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语等成分。 例句：I don＇t know what to do next. 我不知道接下来做什么。 【考点6】Wherever I go in the future I will never forget the taste of her cooking． 无论我将来走到哪里，我都永远不会忘记她烹饪的味道。 【详解1】“wherever”意为“各处，处处”。通常用作连词，引导状语从句，意为“无论哪里”。 另有 whenever，however，whichever，whatever等作连词，引导状语从句。 例句：The puppy followed the girl wherever she went. 无论小女孩去哪里，小狗都跟着她。 【详解2】future n．未来；将来。短语“in the future”意为“在将来”，常与一般将来时连用。 例句：He hopes he will be able to fly in the future.他希望在未来他能够飞起来。 【考点7】She is in hospital now．We are very worried and we hope she gets well soon. 她现在在住院。我们很担心，希望她能早日康复。 【详解1】in hospital：住院 （辨析：in the hospital 在医院里） 【详解2】soon adv．很快；马上；不久；作时间状语，通常用于将来时。也可用于其他时态，根据具体语境而定。 I will finish my homework soon.我会很快完成作业。 I soon realized the mistake.我很快意识到犯了错误。 【拓展】How soon“多久之后；还要多久”针对时间进行提问，与一般将来时连用。通常用“in＋时间段”来回答，“in”表示“.....后”。 --How soon will you get up？你多久才能起床？ --In an hour.一个小时以后。 【考点8】He is really smart．他真的很聪明。 【详解】smart adj.聪明的；机敏的 近义词 clever。 【考点9】He knows how to keep our attention in class and his lessons are always interesting. 他知道如何在课堂上保持我们的注意力，他的课总是很有趣的。 【详解】attention n.专心，注意力 keep one＇s attention 保持某人的注意力 【拓展】常用短语：pay attention to（介词）＋sth／doing sth.当心；注意 attract／draw／catch one＇s attention 吸引某人的注意力 例句：We should pay more attention to environment protection. 我们应该更加重视环境保护。 【考点10】That＇s why I seldom feel bored in his maths lessons． 这就是为什么我很少对他的数学课感到无聊。 【详解1】“That＇s why．．．”意为“这就是为什么；这就是．．．．．的原因”。 【拓展】辨析 that＇s why 和 that＇s because 辨析 用法 例句 that's why... 后接某事产生的结果，含义是“这就是为什么...”。 He was ill. That's why he was sent to the hosp ital. 他病了，所以被送到医院来。 that's because... 后接某事发生的原因，含义是“那是...的原因”。 He was sent to the hospital. That's because he was ill.他被送到医院，是因为他生病了。 【详解2】seldom adv．不常；很少；难得 【拓展】频度副词的用法 【详解3】bored：adj．（感到）无聊的 【拓展】辨析 boring 和bored 辨析 用法 一言辨析 boring adj.主要用于修饰事物的特征。 She feels bored because this film is boring. 她感到很无聊这部电影很无趣。 bored adj.主要用于描述人的感受。 【考点11】Mr Li is strict about our schoolwork but he gives us lots of support when we need help.李先生对我们的学校作业很严格，但在我们需要帮助时，他给了我们很多支持。【详解】strict adj.要求严格的；严厉的 【拓展】be strict about sth.对某事要求严格 例句：She is very strict about things like homework.她对家庭作业之类事很严格。 be strict with sb.：对某人要求严格 例句：Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. 父母不应该对青少年要求太严格。 【考点12】If we cannot work out a difficult maths problem，he will encourage us to think about it in a new way.如果我们不能解决一个数学难题，他就会鼓励我们以一种新的方式来思考它。 【详解1】这是由if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时，即“主将从现”。 例句：He will help you if you ask him.＝If you ask him，he will help you.如果你问他，他会帮助你。 【要点复习】 1．if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，既可放在主句前面，也可放在主句后面。若if 条件句放在句首，从句后面要加逗号与主句隔开。 If you go there，I＇ll go，too.如果你去那儿，我也会去。 My mother will take me to the park if she is free.我妈妈如果有空，就会带我去公园。 2． 时态运用在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句有下列情况之一时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。 （1）主句是一般将来时。 （2）主句谓语含有情态动词may／might／can／must／should等。 （3）主句是祈使句 【考点13】 He＇s walking on a narrow plank， not worried about the height． 他走在一块狭窄的木板上，并不担心这个高度。 【详解1】narrow adj．狭窄的；窄小的→（反义词）wide：宽的短语：a narrow escape 死里逃生 narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的 【拓展】narrow 还可以作动词，意为“使缩小，压缩；使变窄”。 例句：We should narrow the gap between rich and poor. 我们应该缩小贫富之间的差距。 【详解2】（be）worried about 担心；担忧 例句：Every time the exam is over， I will be worried about the results. 每次考试结束后，我都会担心考试成绩。 【拓展】 ①worry about 担心；担忧；是动词短语，强调动作。be worried about 侧重状态。 ②worried 用于形容人感到担忧的；worrying 多用于修饰事物，意为“令人担忧的”。 ③worry 的用法 （1）worry 后面可接宾语从句，意为“担心，担忧”。 如：I always worried that I couldn＇t pass the exam.我总是担心我考试不能通过。 （2）worry作及物动词，还可以跟sb．作宾语，意为“使担心，使发愁”。 如：Nothing worries me.没有什么让我发愁。 （3）worry作不及物动词，常单独使用或与about连用，意为“担心某人或某事物”。 如：Don＇t worry.Everything will be OK.别担心。一切都会没事的。 I have nothing to worry about.我没什么可担心的。 （4）worry 作不可数名词意为“烦恼，担忧”；作可数名词意为“令人烦恼的人或事物”。 如：He has no worry at all. 他没有一点烦恼。 She is full of worries. 她有种种烦恼。 【考点14】Yao Yuan is active in our community．姚元在我们的社区很活跃。 【详解】active adj.忙碌的；活跃的 community：社区 【拓展】actively adv.积极地；活跃地 activity： n.活动 take an active in：积极参加 be active in： 在......中积极参与 【考点15】Yao Yuan also use his time wisely．姚元也合理地利用他的时间。 【详解】wisely adv.明智地 【词汇拓展】wisely adv→wise adj 明智的（unwise adj 不明智的）→wisdom n.智慧 【常考句型】It＇s wise of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是明智的... 【考点16】What does she do？她是做什么的？ 【详解】询问职业的句型 ①What do/does sb.do? ②What is／are＋主语？ ③What is sb's job? Grammar：定冠词 the的用法 （1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 如：The girl in red is my sister. The man with a flower in his hand is Jack. （2）指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。 如：Pass me the ball，please.／／Open the door，please. （3）指上文已经提到的人或事物。 如：I bought a pen yesterday.The pen is for my brother. I saw a film last night. The film is about Jim./ There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert. （4）用在世界上独一无二的名词前。 如：The sun rises from the east. The earth turns around the sun. （5）用在序数词、形容词最高级（副词最高级前the可省略）以及表示方位的名词的前面。 如：Who is the first one to go？ Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth. There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River. 【提醒】序数词前通常要加the，但表示在原来基础上另加一（个）时，则在序数词前加a。如：a second language（除母语外的）第二语言 （6）用在与play连用的西洋乐器名词前构成固定搭配"play+the+乐器名称”。 如：play the piano／the violin／guitar （7）用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等名称的前面。 如：the Changjiang River； the Pacific Ocean； the West Lake。 （8） 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前（如：国家名称、机 关团体 、阶级）等。 如：the Great Wall； the Forbidden City； the Red Army； He is from the United States of America. （9）用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。 如：The Lis have moved to Beijing. The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month. （10）用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或事物。 如：the poor 穷人；the blind 盲人；the rich 富人；the old 老人；the sick病人。 （11）用于单数可数名词前，泛指某一类。 如：The horse is a useful animal. （12）用于“动词＋sb．＋介词＋the＋身体部位”。 如：He catch me by the arm. She hit him on the nose. I looked him in the face. （13）用在表示“．．．．．．世纪．．．．．．年代”的结构前，年份后面加“-s”。 如：in the 1990s在二十世纪九十年代 （14）用在一些习惯用语中。 如：in the sky 在天空中；in the middle of...在......的中间；all the year round一年到头；at the same time（与此同时）；make the bed（铺床）；in the end（最后）；all the time（一直）；by the way（顺便说一下）；on the way（在路上）；in the morning （afternoon. evening）： on the left（right）： at the end of等。 【同步练习】 一、单项选择。 ( )1.I think it is good advice, and it's really useful suggestion. A.a;an B./;a C.a;a D./;an ( )2.My teacher often gives me about how to study English well. A.some advice B.some suggestion C.an adivce D.good advices ( )3.Today I will go to to see my friend. She is ill in . A.the hospital; hospital B.hospital;hospital C.hospital; the hospital D. the hospital; the hospital ( )4.Sun Shuang often helps his teachers to exercise-books. A. give in B.give up C.give out D.give off ( )5.The boy up late, but now he gets up early. A.is used to get B.used to get C.is used to getting D.used to getting ( )6.---Cheer up! Don't give up! You will get better! A.That's very kind of you! B.Don't say that to me! C.Why do you help me? D.You must be joking! ( )7.This problem is too hard. Can you tell me it finally? A.what to solve B.how to solve C.when to solve D.why to solve ( )8. you have offered me! I am out of trouble now. A.What valuable advice B.what valuable suggestion C.How a useful advice D.How useful suggestions ( )9.---How soon will the new term begin? A.In 2 weeks B.Twice a week C.For 2 weeks D.On 2 weeks ( )10.-- will I receive the T-shirt,Madam?---In two or three days,boy. A.How long B.How soon C.How many D.How far ( )11.---What do you think of Wang Mei? ---She is a girl. She is good at all her subjects. A.smart B.lazy C.noisy D.scary ( )12.---What should I do to improve my spoken English? ---You need to pay attention to as much as possible. A.speak B.speaking C.speaks D.spoken ( )13.The job is . It always makes me feel A.boring,bored B.boring,boring C.bored,boring D.bored,bored ( )14.-- your brother a member of the basketball team? ---No,he plays basketball. A.Does;seldom B.Do;always C.Is;seldom D.Is;always ( )15.Tom goes shopping because he is busy working. A.often;always B.never;seldom C.usually; often D.seldom;always ( )16.My English teacher is always strict our studies, and she often says we should be strict ourselves. A about·about R with·with C about·with D with·about ( )17.If I travel to Kunming next week,I you a postcard. A.send B.sent C.will send D.am sending ( )18.That is important key.It's key to the locker. A.the;an B.an;the C.a;the D.the;a ( )19.Earth is only home to everyone. Let's try to make it greener world to live in. A.an;the B.the;a C.an;a D.an;a ( )20.---How do you like trip to Mount Tai? ---Wonderful! We all had great time there. A. a;a B.the;a C.a;the D.an;an ( )21.There's chemistry lab in my new school. It's on third floor. A.a;the B.an;a C.an;the D.a;an ( )22.My brother Robert keeps playing violin for half hour every morning. A./;the B.the;a C./;an D.the;an ( )23. Whites will visit USA next month. A.The;the B.The;an C./;an D./;the ( )24.Linda is only 8-year-old girl,but she can play violin well. A.a;the B.the;an C.an;the D.the;a ( )25.---Do you think film YOLO is exciting? ---Yes,it tells us unusual story. A.the;a B.the;an C.an;an D.an;a 二、用a，an，the或／填空。 1.Beijing is beautiful city.It's capital of China. 2. blue postcard and the white notebook are from my grandfather. 3.I have apple every day for breakfast. 4.Zhang Ming is always first student to get to the classroom. 5.My mother has red scarf, and she wears it in winter. 6.My friend Daniel is from Canada, but he is in China now. 7.Alice is my sister,and she is eight-year-old girl. 8. interesting storybook and pen are in my bag. 9.I heard someone playing piano in next room. 10.Can you play drums in the school music party? 三、阅读理解。 My grandfather is my favourite person. He died two years ago. When I was a child, I lived in the countryside with my grandparents. I still remember at that time, my grandmother took me to the kindergarten every day.When she took me back, she would buy me cookies to make me happy. My grandfather had something wrong with his leg, so he didn't go there with us. He would stay at home,cook for me and play with me. I liked them because of the smiles and the kindness on their faces. I will never forget those days. When I was a student, my grandpa helped me with my studies. At that time, I was not good at Maths. He often wrote down the questions on a notebook and asked me to solve out five of them every day. When I met some difficulties（困难）in daily life， he would wait and sit by me patiently and encourage me.Then,at last we would solve them together. I love my grandpa. He will never come back, but his love will still be around me and live in my heart. ( )1.Why did the writer's grandpa NOT go to the kindergarten? A.Because there was something wrong with his leg. B.Because he wanted to cook for the writer. C.Because he didn't like to go to the kindergarten. D.Because the writer's grandma asked him to be at home. ( )2.What do you think of the grandpa from the underlined sentences? A.Kind and patient. B.Strict and noisy. C.Clever and funny. D.Interesting and friendly. ( )3.What can we know from the passage? A. When the writer was a child, his family was poor. B.The writer's grandfather liked eating sweet food. C.The writer has no parents. D.The writer didn't do well in Maths when he was a child. 同步练习参考答案 一、1-5 BAACB6-10 ABAAB11-15 ABACD16-20 CCBBB21-25 ADACB 2、   1. a；the    2. The    3. an    4. the   5. a   6. /    7. an    8. An；a9. the；the     10. the 三、1-3 AAD 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$