精品解析：北京市西城区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题

北京市西城区2024-2025学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 On July 22nd, 18-year-old Colleen Knull, a volunteer firefighter, faced a dangerous situation when a wildfire rapidly spread through Jasper National Park. Knull, with less than a year of experience at the Ender by Fire Department, spotted ___1___ rising from the mountainside. Her training immediately ___2___. “I saw the smoke and used some of the knowledge I had gained to read it, understand the wind direction, and ___3___ how close the fire was,” she said. Before an official evacuation (疏散) order was issued, Knull decided to act. She began knocking on cabin doors at the lodge (旅馆), ___4___ guests about the fire. Then, realizing that hikers at a nearby campground were unaware of the ___5___, she quickly walked up the trail to evacuate them. Leading a group of 16 people, Knull guided them on a tough, four-hour hike through thick smoke and difficult conditions. “The smoke was heavy, my eyes were burning, and ash kept falling,” said Rebecca Tocher, one of the hikers. Despite these ___6___, Knull remained calm and kept the group focused. Knull’s familiarity with the area and her firefighting skills proved ___7___. After hours of struggling, the group finally made it out of the smoky forest and reached a safe area where help was waiting. Authorities later ___8___ Knull’s efforts, calling her a hero for her calmness and leadership under extreme pressure. For Knull, the experience was a powerful reminder of the importance of preparation and community. “I didn’t do it alone,” she said ___9___. “The training I received and the ____10____ the group placed in me made it possible.” 1. A. dust B. smoke C. cloud D. steam 2. A. kicked in B. gave out C. added up D. caught on 3. A. show B. prove C. assess D. track 4. A. calling B. asking C. teaching D. warning 5. A. program B. danger C. arrangement D. fear 6. A. challenges B. limitations C. findings D. consequences 7. A. unique B. cautious C. vital D. popular 8. A. evaluated B. supported C. applauded D. resisted 9. A. humbly B. confidently C. honestly D. nervously 10. A. honor B. gratitude C. request D. trust 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述的是18岁的志愿消防员科琳·克诺尔（Colleen Knull）在加拿大贾斯珀国家公园（Jasper National Park）野火迅速蔓延时的英勇表现。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Knull在安德消防部门工作不到一年，他发现山坡上冒出了烟。A. dust灰尘；B. smoke烟；C. cloud云；D. steam蒸汽。根据下文“I saw the smoke”可知，他是发现山坡上冒烟了。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的训练立刻起了作用。A. kicked in开始生效；B. gave out分发；C. added up加起来；D. caught on变得流行。根据下文“used some of the knowledge I had gained to read it”可知，她平时的训练起了作用，空格处意为“开始生效”。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我看到了烟雾，并利用我所掌握的一些知识来解读它，了解风向，并评估火势有多近。”A. show展示；B. prove证明；C. assess评估；D. track跟踪。根据下文“how close the fire was”可知，她评估火势有多近。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始敲小屋的门，警告客人着火了。A. calling打电话；B. asking问；C. teaching教；D. warning警告。根据下文“guests about the fire”可知，她是警告那些客人着火了。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，她意识到附近露营地的徒步旅行者没有意识到危险，她迅速走上小路疏散他们。A. program项目；B. danger危险；C. arrangement安排；D. fear害怕。根据上文“the fire”可知，起火了，很危险，但是那些旅行者没有意识到危险。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临这些挑战，Knull仍然保持冷静，让团队保持专注。A. challenges挑战；B. limitations局限性；C. findings发现；D. consequences后果。根据上文“The smoke was heavy, my eyes were burning, and ash kept falling”可知，烟很重，火挺大的，这对她来说是挑战。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Knull对该地区的熟悉和她的消防技能证明是至关重要的。A. unique独特的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. vital至关重要的；D. popular受欢迎的。根据上文“Knull’s familiarity with the area and her firefighting skills”可知，Knull对该地区的熟悉和她的消防技能证明是至关重要的。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当局后来赞扬了Knull的努力，称她为英雄，因为她在极端压力下的冷静和领导能力。A. evaluated评价；B. supported支持；C. applauded称赞，赞许；D. resisted抵抗。根据下文“calling her a hero for her calmness and leadership under extreme pressure”可知，当局赞扬了她。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我不是一个人干的，”她谦虚地说。A. humbly谦虚地；B. confidently自信地；C. honestly诚实地；D. nervously紧张地。根据上文“I didn’t do it alone”可知，她谦虚地说不是她一个人干的。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所接受的训练和团队对我的信任使得这一切成为可能。A. honor荣誉；B. gratitude感激；C. request要求；D. trust信任。根据倒数第三段“kept the group focused”和下文“the group placed in me made it possible”可知，团队是信任她的，她所接受的训练和团队对她的信任使得这一切成为可能。故选D。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My sons, Liam and Patrick, love baking our family’s special Swedish bread, ____11____ we make only once a year. The recipe was passed down from my great-grandmother to my great-uncle Olof, who baked it every week and later taught it ____12____ me when I was fourteen. As we bake, we share family stories. Baking together not only helps us connect with our family’s past but also allows us to create new memories. One day, I hope my boys ____13____ (carry) on these traditions, passing the stories and recipes to their own children. 【答案】11. which 12. to 13. will carry 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是家庭传统瑞典面包的烘焙过程，以及它在家族成员间传承的重要性，通过这个过程，家族的历史与记忆得以延续和珍藏。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我的儿子们，利亚姆和帕特里克，喜欢烤我们家特有的瑞典面包，这种面包我们一年只做一次。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词 “special Swedish bread”指的是物，所以此处使用关系代词which。故填which。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：这个配方从我的曾祖母传给了我叔祖父奥洛夫，他每周都会烤它，后来在我十四岁时教给了我。此处为固定短语“teach sth. to sb.”意为“教给某人某事”符合句意。故填to。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：我希望有一天我的孩子们能把这些传统传承下去，把故事和食谱传给他们的孩子。此处为宾语从句中的谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处描述的是希望将来发生的事情，应该使用一般将来时态来表示这一愿望。故填will carry。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On November 17, 2024, China’s first domestically built ocean drilling ship, Mengxiang, or “Dream,” ____14____ (enter) service in Guangzhou. Mengxiang is the largest scientific research ship ever built in China. Its most remarkable feature is its ability to drill as deep as 11 kilometers below the sea floor. After samples ____15____ (collect), the ship’s automated system brings them aboard for analysis in nine laboratories specializing in ____16____ (field) such as geology and microbiology. The ship’s unique propulsion (推进) system improves safety, ____17____ (enable) it to operate in rough sea conditions and even during super typhoons. 【答案】14. entered 15. are collected 16. fields 17. enabling 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是中国首艘国产深海钻探船“梦想”号于2024年11月17日在广州正式投入使用。 【14题详解】 考查时态。句意：2024年11月17日，中国第一艘国产海洋钻井船“梦想”号在广州开始服役。空处是句子的谓语动词，由On November 17, 2024可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填entered。 【15题详解】 考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：采集完样本后，船上的自动化系统将它们送到9个专门从事地质学和微生物学等领域的实验室进行分析。空处是从句的谓语动词，由主句谓语brings可知，句子时态用一般现在时，且主语samples与collect之间是被动关系，即 “样本被收集”，因此句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语samples是复数，be动词用are。故填are collected。 【16题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：采集完样本后，船上的自动化系统将它们送到9个专门从事地质学和微生物学等领域的实验室进行分析。field在此处意为“领域”，是可数名词，根据后面列举的“such as geology and microbiology”可知，不止一个领域，所以要用复数形式fields，故填fields。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该船独特的推进系统提高了安全性，使其能够在恶劣的海况下甚至在超级台风期间运行。句中谓语是improves，空格处用非谓语动词，The ship’s unique propulsion (推进) system和enable之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填enabling。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the future, we may no longer need chemical pesticides (农药) to help crops grow. Chinese scientists have discovered a small molecule (分子) called 2’cADPR in plant cells that can stimulate immunity. This molecule may be developed into a new type of bio pesticide. “Once this bio pesticide is put into use, it will work when ____18____ (apply) to the plant surface,” said Wan Li, one of the researchers. “Based on existing scientific knowledge, it has the potential to be used on various plants ____19____ (fight) many diseases.” Wan also mentioned that the small molecule has already started production. The next step is to continue testing its effectiveness in the field, with the hope of putting it into ____20____ (practice) use soon. 【答案】18. applied 19. to fight 20. practical 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是研究人员正在研制的一种生物杀虫剂。 【18题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。研究人员万里说：“这种生物农药一旦投入使用，在植物表面施用时就会起作用。”根据空格前的连词when和所给动词apply可知，此处考查状语从句的省略。when引导的时间状语从句应该是when it is applied to the plant surface，从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中有be动词is，符合状语从句省略的条件，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填applied。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据现有的科学知识，它有可能被用于各种植物来对抗许多疾病。be used to do“被用于……”是固定搭配，所以空格处应该用不定式，作目的状语。故填to fight。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：下一步是继续在实地测试其有效性，希望很快将其投入实际使用。根据空格后的名词use可知，空格处应该用形容词practical作定语，修饰后面的名词use。故填practical。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Thank you for your interest in volunteering at Brightview Children’s Research Hospital. Each year, hundreds of volunteers donate their time and provide much-needed support to our patients and their families. Volunteers serve in a variety of roles, delivering the care and services our patient families deserve. Roles: ·Playing games and providing activities for children. ·Providing temporary care in clinical/inpatient settings. ·Delivering drinks, toys, and other necessary items from various carts. ·Providing directions and assisting with doors. Qualifications: ·Be at least 18 years of age and not attending high school. Those under 18 must have written permission from a parent or legal guardian. ·Commit to at least eight continuous months of service, including completing three or more four-hour shifts each month. ·Pass a criminal background check. Background screening may include criminal history, education history, and credit reports. ·Required vaccinations (疫苗接种): Flu vaccination during flu season and annually; Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR); Chickenpox; and Tuberculosis (TB) screening and clearance. Volunteer Code of Conduct and Ethics: ·Do not make commitments you may be unable to fulfill. For day-of-event roles, if you cannot appear for or complete the shift(s) you registered for, cancel your registration at least one week prior to the scheduled role or shift. ·When using the Internet, be aware of your surroundings. Consider how your behavior might be perceived by patients or others nearby. Never post anything about patients or members on social media, even if you omit names or think you’ve removed all identifiers. ·Volunteers should never offer advice or guidance to patients about medical personal, financial, or other decisions, even if asked. Encourage patients to discuss their concerns with appropriate staff. ·It is not appropriate to become friends with patients. Volunteers are encouraged to be friendly, caring, and supportive while maintaining professional boundaries and following professional standards. If you have specific questions about individual volunteer opportunities at Brightview, please read our Hospital Volunteer FAQs or contact volunteers@Brightview.org. 21. What do volunteers at Brightview do? A. Deliver takeout. B. Make drinks and toys. C. Provide consistent care. D. Guide people in the right direction. 22. According to this passage, who is qualified for the post? A. A college student who wants to take a six-month gap. B. A full-time housewife who is sensitive to flu vaccines. C. A 50-year-old self-employed person who is willing to work shifts. D. An 18-year-old high school student who wants to be a doctor in the future. 23. Which code of conduct should volunteers follow? A. Avoid using the Internet in the hospital. B. Give patients personal advice when confident. C. Remove patients’ names when posting photos on social media. D. Cancel the registration at least 7 days in advance if they cannot come. 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是关于在Brightview儿童研究医院做志愿者的相关信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Roles:部分“Providing directions and assisting with doors.(指路并协助开门。)”可知，Brightview的志愿者引导人们走正确的方向。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Qualifications:部分“Be at least 18 years of age and not attending high school.(年满18岁，未在上高中。)”，“Commit to at least eight continuous months of service, including completing three or more four-hour shifts each month.(承诺至少连续服务8个月，包括每月完成3次或更多4小时轮班。)”可知，50岁，自雇人士，愿意轮班工作的人有资格担任这个职位。故选C。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Volunteer Code of Conduct and Ethics:部分第一段的“For day-of-event roles, if you cannot appear for or complete the shift(s) you registered for, cancel your registration at least one week prior to the scheduled role or shift.(对于活动当天的角色安排，如果您无法出席或无法完成您已注册的值班（班次），请在预定的角色或值班开始前至少一周取消您的注册。)”可知，志愿者应该遵守的准则是如不能到场，请至少提前7天取消报名。故选D。 B After the deadly hurricane in October, Taylor Schenker, who lives in Canton, North Carolina, near hard-hit Asheville, went for a walk with her friend to check out the homes destroyed in the disaster. “We spent about four hours digging through the mud, looking for any belongings we could find,” Schenker said. During the process, she found some photographs that didn’t belong to them and laid them out, hoping they could be reunited with their owners. Schenker said that thinking about the photos she had left behind kept her up that night. She was afraid that if it rained or the wind blew, the photos wouldn’t be able to be reunited with their families. The next day, Schenker went back to collect the photos and ended up finding more — about 200 of them — containing school portraits, birthday cards, and images of childhood friends and families on vacation. She said it was clear that the photos belonged to multiple families, and she understood how special such memories could be to them. Realizing how many important family memories she now had in her possession, she created the Photos from Helene page — a virtual lost-and-found where people could recognize and reclaim their photos. She hoped people would recognize the photos on her page and that word of mouth would help reunite them with their rightful owners. Schenker took the photos home, cleaned them off, and organized them into folders and bins for safekeeping until they could be returned to their owners. Schenker mailed photos to people who were no longer in the area, but she also hand-delivered those that belonged to families who still lived nearby. Each reunion served as a heartwarming reminder of the importance of her work. In one instance, Becky Tate and her daughter both recognized their photos on the online page. Tate’s daughter, Nancy, commented that her mom was in tears when they made the discovery. “The process is definitely fulfilling,” Schenker said. “It’s enjoyable to witness the moment when a photograph is returned to its rightful owner, and to observe people in the comments mentioning each other and sharing their thoughts and saying, ‘Oh my gosh, you just reminded me of this moment in my life that I had totally forgotten about.’” She said she chose the name for her page because most of the photos they’ve seen come out of the hurricane show the devastation (破坏) left behind—but her Photos from Helene are happy memories of Asheville and the lives there. 24. What can we know about the photos on Schenker’s page? A. They were all proof of the hurricane. B. They were seriously damaged in the storm. C. They were left behind by some families on purpose. D They were discovered in areas impacted by the hurricane. 25. Which sentence best expresses Schenker’s motivation for her page? A. “The hurricane destroyed everything in its path.” B. “I wanted to clean the photos and keep them as memories.” C. “I realized how important these photos must be to someone.” D. “It was just so sad to see so many photos spread and damaged.” 26. Why were Schenker’s actions important after the hurricane? A. They gave comfort to those affected. B. They inspired others to volunteer and help. C. They provided supplies to families in need. D. They raised awareness of survivors’struggles. 27. Which of the following words can best describe Schenker? A. Curious. B. Caring. C. Ambitious. D. Adventurous. 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了在北卡罗来纳州坎顿经历了一场致命飓风后，Taylor Schenker帮助寻找并归还受灾居民遗失照片的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“After the deadly hurricane in October (10月那场致命的飓风过后)”和第二段““We spent about four hours digging through the mud, looking for any belongings we could find,” Schenker said. During the process, she found some photographs that didn’t belong to them and laid them out, hoping they could be reunited with their owners.(“我们花了大约四个小时在泥浆中挖掘，寻找我们能找到的任何东西，”Schenker说。在这个过程中，她发现了一些不属于它们的照片，并把它们放了出来，希望它们能和它们的主人团聚。)”可知，Schenker页面上的照片是在受飓风影响的地区被发现的。故选D。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“She said it was clear that the photos belonged to multiple families, and she understood how special such memories could be to them.(她说，很明显，这些照片属于多个家庭，她明白这样的记忆对他们来说有多特别。)”和第四段“She hoped people would recognize the photos on her page and that word of mouth would help reunite them with their rightful owners.(她希望人们能认出她页面上的照片，并希望口口相传能帮助它们与真正的主人团聚。)”可知，Schenker创建网页是因为她意识到那些照片对那些人很重要，所以最能表达她的目的的句子是““I realized how important these photos must be to someone.”(“我意识到这些照片对某人来说有多重要。”)”。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Schenker mailed photos to people who were no longer in the area, but she also hand-delivered those that belonged to families who still lived nearby. Each reunion served as a heartwarming reminder of the importance of her work.(Schenker把照片寄给那些已经不在这个地区的人，但她也亲手把那些仍然住在附近的家庭的照片寄给他们。每次团聚都温馨地提醒着她工作的重要性。)”可知，Schenker在飓风过后的行动如此重要是因为它们安慰那些受影响的人。故选A。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Schenker said that thinking about the photos she had left behind kept her up that night. She was afraid that if it rained or the wind blew, the photos wouldn’t be able to be reunited with their families.(Schenker说，一想到她留下的照片，她那天晚上就睡不着觉。她担心如果下雨或刮风，这些照片就不能和家人团聚了。)”和第四段“Realizing how many important family memories she now had in her possession, she created the Photos from Helene page—a virtual lost-and-found where people could recognize and reclaim their photos.(意识到她现在拥有了多少重要的家庭记忆，她创建了“海伦的照片”页面——一个虚拟的失物招领处，人们可以在这里识别和收回他们的照片。)”可推知，Schenker是一个关心他人的人。故选B。 C In recent research, my colleagues and I set out to investigate the neural (神经的) mechanisms underlying experiences like solving challenging problems. Specifically, we wanted to understand what happens in the brain while a person engages in abstract and demanding thought — so we designed a study involving math expertise. For our experiment, we selected 22 university students majoring in mathematics, along with 22 students from other disciplines. We asked the students to watch step-by-step presentations that explained how to solve several challenging math problems. Throughout this demonstration, the students wore a cap covered with electrodes (电极) so that we could track electrical activity in their brains. After each presentation, they had to report whether they thought they had understood the presentations and how engaged they felt during the experience. We found that students whose coursework involved little mathematics showed more signs of complex activity in the prefrontal cortex (皮层), indicating how hard they were working to understand the various steps of the complex math demonstrations. However, in the other group, we noted significant activity linking the frontal and parietal (顶骨) regions of their brain. More specifically, these areas exhibited a pattern of activity described as delta waves. Some recent research suggests that these delta waves may play a crucial role in the cognitive (认知的) processing that supports deep internal concentration and the relocation of information between distant brain regions. In fact, we suspect that the long-distance delta waves we observed may play a central role whenever people engage in contextual and complex problem-solving. This suggests that engaging brain networks in this way could be useful for many tasks requiring concentration. It’s likely that when people with extensive experience in a task are deeply engaged in that effort, these same delta waves are involved, even as the specific brain networks vary. It’s also possible — though we’ll need to investigate further to be sure — that this state of deep concentration is generalizable: developing this way of thinking in one domain could help you in others. These findings suggest a trade-off that people should keep in mind—particularly as artificial intelligence and other tools offer shortcuts for various forms of problem-solving. Each time we offload a problem to a calculator or ask Al to summarize an essay, we lose an opportunity to improve our own skills and practice deep concentration. To be clear, technologies can boost our efficiency in important ways, but the seemingly “inefficient” hard work we do can be powerful, too. 28. Based on the study results, how do Math majors process challenging math problems differently from non-Math majors? A. They experience less engagement during problem-solving tasks. B. They use more areas of their prefrontal cortex to solve problems. C. They display delta wave activity linking frontal and parietal regions. D. They show slower overall brain activity during complex problem-solving. 29. What does the underlined word “trade-off” in the last paragraph probably refer to? A. Weighing short-term efficiency against lasting cognitive benefits. B. Choosing between immediate convenience and faster results. C. Sacrificing technology’s advantage for human competition. D. Deciding between human effort and advanced tools. 30. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s view on the role of “inefficient” work? A. It allows the brain to build skills that are transferable to other tasks. B. It wastes time and resources compared to using technology. C. It improves engagement but has no cognitive benefits. D. It helps those who are good at subjects like math. 31 What is the best title for the passage? A. Which to Choose: Efficiency or Hard Work? B. What Benefits Us More: AI Tools or Deep Concentration? C. Employing Complex Math Problems to Enhance Delta Waves D. Developing Expertise Improves the Brain’s Ability to Concentrate 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. A 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是研究者们对比了数学专业学生与非数学专业学生在观看并理解复杂数学问题解法的过程中大脑活动的差异。研究发现，缺乏数学背景的学生在理解过程中前额皮层表现出更复杂的活动，显示出他们为理解这些步骤所付出的努力。而数学专业的学生则展示了额叶和顶叶区域之间显著的活动联系，并且特别表现为一种称为delta波的大脑活动模式。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“We found that students whose coursework involved little mathematics showed more signs of complex activity in the prefrontal cortex (皮层), indicating how hard they were working to understand the various steps of the complex math demonstrations. However, in the other group, we noted significant activity linking the frontal and parietal (顶骨) regions of their brain. More specifically, these areas exhibited a pattern of activity described as delta waves.(我们发现，那些课程中涉及数学较少学生，在前额皮层表现出更多复杂活动的迹象，这表明他们在努力理解复杂数学演示的各个步骤时有多费劲。然而，在另一组学生中，我们注意到他们大脑的前额和顶骨区域之间有显著的活动联系。更具体地说，这些区域表现出一种被称为德尔塔波的活动模式)”可知，数学专业学生表现出连接前额和顶骨区域的德尔塔波活动。故选C。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Each time we offload a problem to a calculator or ask Al to summarize an essay, we lose an opportunity to improve our own skills and practice deep concentration. To be clear, technologies can boost our efficiency in important ways, but the seemingly “inefficient” hard work we do can be powerful, too.(每次我们把一个问题交给计算器，或者让人工智能总结一篇文章，我们就失去了一个提高自己技能和练习深度专注的机会。需要明确的是，技术可以在重要方面提高我们的效率，但我们所做的看似“低效”的辛勤工作也可能是强大的)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“人们应该牢记一种权衡——尤其是人工智能和其他工具为各种形式的问题解决提供了捷径”，划线词trade-off意为“权衡”，和“Weighing short-term efficiency against lasting cognitive benefits”意思相近。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It’s also possible — though we’ll need to investigate further to be sure — that this state of deep concentration is generalizable: developing this way of thinking in one domain could help you in others.(还有一种可能——尽管我们还需要进一步调查才能确定——这种深度集中的状态是可以推广的：在一个领域培养这种思维方式可能有助于你在其他领域也表现出色。)”和最后一段“To be clear, technologies can boost our efficiency in important ways, but the seemingly “inefficient” hard work we do can be powerful, too.(需要明确的是，技术可以在很多重要方面提高我们的效率，但我们所做的那些看似“低效”的艰苦工作同样具有强大的力量)”可知，最好地概括了作者对“低效”工作的作用的看法是它允许大脑建立可转移到其他任务的技能。故选A。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“We found that students whose coursework involved little mathematics showed more signs of complex activity in the prefrontal cortex (皮层), indicating how hard they were working to understand the various steps of the complex math demonstrations. However, in the other group, we noted significant activity linking the frontal and parietal (顶骨) regions of their brain. More specifically, these areas exhibited a pattern of activity described as delta waves.(我们发现，那些课程中涉及数学较少的学生，在前额皮层表现出更多复杂活动的迹象，这表明他们在努力理解复杂数学演示的各个步骤时有多费劲。然而，在另一组学生中，我们注意到他们大脑的前额和顶骨区域之间有显著的活动联系。更具体地说，这些区域表现出一种被称为德尔塔波的活动模式)”和第四段“Some recent research suggests that these delta waves may play a crucial role in the cognitive (认知的) processing that supports deep internal concentration and the relocation of information between distant brain regions.(最近的一些研究表明，这些德尔塔波可能在支持深层内部集中和远距离大脑区域之间信息重新定位的认知过程中起着至关重要的作用)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究者们对比了数学专业学生与非数学专业学生在观看并理解复杂数学问题解法的过程中大脑活动的差异。研究发现，缺乏数学背景的学生在理解过程中前额皮层表现出更复杂的活动，显示出他们为理解这些步骤所付出的努力。而数学专业的学生则展示了额叶和顶叶区域之间显著的活动联系，并且特别表现为一种称为delta波的大脑活动模式由此可知，“Developing Expertise Improves the Brain’s Ability to Concentrate(发展专业技能可以提高大脑集中注意力的能力)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 D In the early 1900s, an American chemist named Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment. His studies revealed the dangers of unregulated (未经监管的) food additives and raised public awareness about the importance of knowing what was in the food they consumed. However, it wasn’t until nearly 90 years later that companies in the U. S. began disclosing the ingredients inside the boxes, cans, and bags that lined grocery store shelves. Fast-forward to today, and it’s hard to imagine walking through a supermarket without seeing these labels. Yet, when we surf the Internet — another essential marketplace in our lives — we often absorb vast amounts of digital information without any understanding of its emotional or mental “nutritional value.” But what if every webpage came with a content label? A study we conducted, published today in Nature Human Behavior, revealed that individuals with poorer mental health tended to seek out more negative and frightening content online. This, in turn, worsened their symptoms, creating a destructive cycle. To break this cycle, we introduced content labels that provided users with emotional “nutrition information” about the websites they were about to visit. Would this webpage make you feel better or worse? Was it full of negativity, or was it likely to brighten your mood? When users were shown these labels on the search engine results page, they were far less likely to click on negative content. As a result, this led to improved mood after browsing (浏览). However, it’s important to note that you wouldn’t want people to make decisions solely based on the emotional tone of a website. Staying informed about the world — despite the potential for sadness or anxiety — is often essential. To address this, we developed a plugin that provides users with not only labels about a website’s emotional tone but also scores indicating the practicality, helpfulness, and ability of the information to enhance understanding. These scores, displayed on the search engine results page, are calculated using a machine learning algorithm (运算法则) trained on thousands of human assessments. Anne-Linda Camerini, a researcher specializing in digital media and mental health, pointed out that while much of the focus on mental health and technology has been on limiting screen time, the type of content we consume is just as critical. This shift could transform the conversation around mental health and technology. Instead of framing the Internet as inherently harmful, content labels offer a way to create a healthier digital experience. Just as nutrition labels empower people to make better food choices, content labels could enable users to make smarter, healthier decisions online. 32. What does the author intend to do by mentioning Harvey’s studies? A. Make a comparison. B. Illustrate a point. C. Suggest an alternative. D. Challenge an assumption. 33. According to the passage, how do content labels aim to create a healthier digital experience? A. By encouraging users to avoid the Internet altogether. B. By showing emotional tone and website usefulness. C. By training users to spend less time online. D. By restricting access to negative content. 34. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To stress the necessity of categorizing webpages. B. To suggest new solutions to mental health problems. C. To criticize social media sites for spreading negativity. D. To highlight the importance of regulating online content. 【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了网站内容标签的作用以及重要性。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In the early 1900s, an American chemist named Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment. His studies revealed the dangers of unregulated (未经监管的) food additives and raised public awareness about the importance of knowing what was in the food they consumed. However, it wasn’t until nearly 90 years later that companies in the U. S. began disclosing the ingredients inside the boxes, cans, and bags that lined grocery store shelves.(20世纪初，一位名叫Harvey W. Wiley的美国化学家领导了著名的“毒药小队”实验。他的研究揭示了不受管制的食品添加剂的危险，并提高了公众对了解他们所食用的食品中含有什么的重要性的认识。然而，直到近90年后，美国的公司才开始披露杂货店货架上的盒子、罐子和袋子里的成分)”以及第二段“Fast-forward to today, and it’s hard to imagine walking through a supermarket without seeing these labels. Yet, when we surf the Internet — another essential marketplace in our lives — we often absorb vast amounts of digital information without any understanding of its emotional or mental “nutritional value.” But what if every webpage came with a content label?(快进到今天，很难想象在超市里看不到这些标签。然而，当我们上网时——我们生活中另一个重要的市场，我们经常吸收大量的数字信息，却不了解其情感或精神上的“营养价值”。但是如果每个网页都有一个内容标签呢？)”可知，作者提到哈维的研究是为了说明论点。故选B。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, it’s important to note that you wouldn’t want people to make decisions solely based on the emotional tone of a website. Staying informed about the world — despite the potential for sadness or anxiety — is often essential. To address this, we developed a plugin that provides users with not only labels about a website’s emotional tone but also scores indicating the practicality, helpfulness, and ability of the information to enhance understanding.(然而，重要的是要注意，你不希望人们仅仅根据网站的情感基调来做决定。保持对世界的了解——尽管可能会感到悲伤或焦虑——通常是必不可少的。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个插件，它不仅可以为用户提供关于网站情感基调的标签，还可以为用户提供分数，表明信息的实用性、有用性和能力，以增强他们的理解)”可知，内容标签通过展示情感基调和网站有用性创造更健康的数字体验。故选B。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Yet, when we surf the Internet — another essential marketplace in our lives — we often absorb vast amounts of digital information without any understanding of its emotional or mental “nutritional value.” But what if every webpage came with a content label?(然而，当我们上网时——我们生活中另一个重要的市场，我们经常吸收大量的数字信息，却不了解其情感或精神上的“营养价值”。但是如果每个网页都有一个内容标签呢？)”结合文章主要说明了网站内容标签的作用以及重要性。可知，这篇文章的目的是强调网页分类的必要性。故选A。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What food do you love? What food do you hate? If you ask around, you’ll soon see there’s no right or wrong answer—it’s all a question of taste. ____35____ Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA. Our scientific understanding of taste began just 25 years ago with the discovery of taste receptors—cells located on the tongue’s surface. ____36____ What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else, and this is because of differences in the receptors we’re born with. In other words, taste is partly genetic. According to Danielle Reed, a researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, “When we first started doing genetic studies, we really just limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry. ____37____ We are broadening our horizons and studying people of Asian and African ancestry, and that has really opened up the knowledge that people are much more diverse than we ever realized. Taste isn’t a matter of opinion. ____38____” But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic, what about restaurant critics and wine connoisseurs—people whose job is to tell us what to eat and drink? Are their opinions any better than our own? David Kermode, a wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition, admits that while scientists have shown taste is largely individual and genetic, personal taste remains subjective. “____39____ But they are encouraged to set those prejudices aside.” A. It’s a matter of biology. B. It is actually the number-one driver for food choice. C. However, individual taste experience is highly subjective. D. But our taste, it turns out, isn’t simply a matter of opinion. E. People all have their own personal prejudices in whatever aspect of life they want to go into. F. And so, our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited. G. For researchers in social sciences, taste is a broader concept related to tradition, geography, culture, as well as social relations. 【答案】35. D 36. C 37. F 38. A 39. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是口味的个体差异及其影响因素。 【35题详解】 空前“If you ask around, you’ll soon see there’s no right or wrong answer—it’s all a question of taste.(如果你问问周围的人，你很快就会发现，这个问题没有绝对的对错——这完全取决于个人的口味。)”说明了喜欢或讨厌什么食物完全取决于个人的口味，空后“Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA.(相反，科学家已经发现，我们的基因和DNA会影响我们的口味。)”说明的是科学家已经发现，我们的基因和DNA会影响我们的口味，因此空格处要引起转折，D选项“But our taste, it turns out, isn’t simply a matter of opinion.(但事实证明，我们的口味并不是一个简单的观点问题。)”中的But表转折，说明口味并不是一个观点问题，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 【36题详解】 空后“What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else, and this is because of differences in the receptors we’re born with.(对我来说是甜的东西，对别人来说可能是酸的或咸的，这是因为我们天生的受体不同。)”说明同一种东西不同人的感觉是不同的，说明这很主观，C选项“However, individual taste experience is highly subjective.(然而，个人的味觉体验是高度主观的。)”说明味觉是主观的，引起下文，符合语境。故选C。 【37题详解】 空前“When we first started doing genetic studies, we really just limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry.(当我们刚开始进行遗传学研究时，我们真的只局限于研究少数欧洲人，即有欧洲血统的人。)”说明了刚开始我们进行遗传学研究时只局限于研究少数欧洲人，空格处应该说这么做会导致什么结果，F选项“And so, our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited.(因此，我们对地球上人类多样性的了解是非常有限的。)”说明了我们只研究少数欧洲人所导致的结果，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 【38题详解】 空前“Taste isn’t a matter of opinion.(口味不是主观臆断的问题。)”说明了口味不是主观臆断，空格处应该说口味是什么，A选项“It’s a matter of biology.(这是生物学的问题。)”中的it指代的是前面的Taste，说明了口味是生物学的问题，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 【39题详解】 空前“David Kermode, a wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition, admits that while scientists have shown taste is largely individual and genetic, personal taste remains subjective.(International Wine and Spirits Competition的葡萄酒评委David Kermode承认，尽管科学家们已经证明，口味在很大程度上是个体和遗传的，但个人品味仍然是主观的。)”说明了个人品味是主观的，空格处应该说这主要体现在哪里，E选项“People all have their own personal prejudices in whatever aspect of life they want to go into.(人们在生活想要涉足的任何一个方面都会带有自己的个人偏见。)”说的是主观性的具体体现，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 At the airport recently, I witnessed a moment of unexpected joy. A one-year-old boy, still mastering his wobbly (摇晃的) first steps, toddled (蹒跚行走) with fierce determination, his little legs working hard to find balance. His mom, glowing with pride, shared that he had just started walking. Each time he fell, he sprang right back up — and something beautiful happened. Strangers — young and old, from every background and corner of life — began cheering him on, united in encouragement for this tiny explorer. In that brief moment, we came together to celebrate something simple yet profound: the beauty of progress. This got me thinking: When did we stop cheering for the “wobbles” in our own lives? When did we start treating every fall as a failure instead of an essential step forward? As adults, we often lose sight of how important it is to celebrate small wins. We wait for the big milestones — a promotion, a degree, or a major achievement — before we allow ourselves (and others) to feel worthy of applause. But research shows that it’s the little victories, the everyday progress, that drive motivation and long-term success. In their research on creativity and motivation, Harvard Business School professor Teresa Amabile and psychologist Steven Kramer developed what they call The Progress Principle. Their studies revealed that one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isn’t achieving major breakthroughs — it’s making consistent progress, no matter how small. Even seemingly minor accomplishments can cause a positive emotional response that boosts motivation and enhances performance. Small wins, Amabile explains, create an “upward progression.” Each little victory reinforces our belief that progress is possible, even when the final goal feels distant. The problem is that, as adults, we often dismiss small wins as insignificant. Instead of celebrating small moments of progress, we focus on how far we still have to go, leaving us feeling stuck and unmotivated. This brings us back to the toddler at the airport. Every stumble (蹒跚) he made wasn’t met with criticism or a strict reminder of how much more he had to learn — it was met with cheers and encouragement. Imagine how different our lives might feel if we celebrated each other, and ourselves, the way we cheered for that toddler: for trying, for wobbling, and for getting back up. 40. What did the strangers at the airport come together to celebrate as the little boy tried to walk? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. According to the author, how do adults often treat small wins? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to The Progress Principle, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation is achieving major breakthroughs. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Give one example of your real-life “wobbles”. (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The beauty of progress. 41. Adults often treat small wins as insignificant and dismiss them. 42. According to The Progress Principle, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation is achieving major breakthroughs. According to the passage, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isn’t achieving major breakthroughs — it’s making consistent progress, no matter how small. 43. I had many difficulties learning to program initially. The code keeps making mistakes, and every failure frustrates me. However, instead of giving up, I kept trying, and slowly, I began to see progress and was able to solve more complex problems. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲的是小胜利和日常进步对于维持动力和长期成功的重要性。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“In that brief moment, we came together to celebrate something simple yet profound: the beauty of progress.(在那短暂的时刻，我们聚在一起庆祝一件简单而深刻的事情：进步之美。)”可知，当小男孩试着走路时，机场的陌生人聚在一起庆祝进步之美。故答案为The beauty of progress. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The problem is that, as adults, we often dismiss small wins as insignificant.(问题是，作为成年人，我们常常忽视小胜利的重要性，认为它们微不足道。)”可知，成年人常常把小的胜利视为无关紧要的事情而不予理会。故答案为Adults often treat small wins as insignificant and dismiss them. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Their studies revealed that one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isn’t achieving major breakthroughs — it’s making consistent progress, no matter how small.(他们的研究表明，保持动力最重要的因素之一不是取得重大突破，而是不断取得进步，无论多么小。)”可知，错误的部分是“achieving major breakthroughs”，因为保持动力最重要的因素之一不是取得重大突破，而是取得持续的进步，无论多么小。故答案为According to The Progress Principle, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation is achieving major breakthroughs. According to the passage, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isn’t achieving major breakthroughs — it’s making consistent progress, no matter how small. 【43题详解】 开放性题目。我现实生活中“蹒跚学步”的例子是我学习编程时一开始遇到了很多困难。代码总是出错，每次失败都让我感到沮丧。然而，我没有放弃，而是继续尝试，慢慢地，我开始看到进步，能够解决更复杂的问题。故答案为I had many difficulties learning to program initially. The code keeps making mistakes, and every failure frustrates me. However, instead of giving up, I kept trying, and slowly, I began to see progress and was able to solve more complex problems. 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要组织一次主题为“A Message to Spring”的学生活动，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．活动内容； 2．你的理由。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Great to hear from you! Here’s an idea for your activity: a flower seed-planting event. Start by inviting a local farmer to give a short talk on basic gardening techniques. Afterward, provide participants with flower seeds and schedule a day to plant them in a designated area on campus. To make it meaningful, give each student a card titled “A Message to Spring,” where they can write down their personal goals for the upcoming season. This activity is both fun and symbolic. The flowers will open in spring, brightening the campus, while the act of planting seeds represents hope and personal growth. It’s a wonderful way to connect personal development with the season of renewal. Hope this helps, and good luck with your activity. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，给他提出主题为“A Message to Spring”的学生活动的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提供：provide→supply 有意义的：meaningful→significative 即将到来的：upcoming→forthcoming 连接：connect→link 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It’s a wonderful way to connect personal development with the season of renewal. 拓展句：It’s a wonderful way in which you can connect personal development with the season of renewal. 【点睛】[高分句型1] To make it meaningful, give each student a card titled “A Message to Spring,” where they can write down their personal goals for the upcoming season. (运用了where引导的限制性定语从句和过去分词作后置定语) [高分句型2] The flowers will open in spring, brightening the campus, while the act of planting seeds represents hope and personal growth. (运用了现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市西城区2024-2025学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 On July 22nd, 18-year-old Colleen Knull, a volunteer firefighter, faced a dangerous situation when a wildfire rapidly spread through Jasper National Park. Knull, with less than a year of experience at the Ender by Fire Department, spotted ___1___ rising from the mountainside. Her training immediately ___2___. “I saw the smoke and used some of the knowledge I had gained to read it, understand the wind direction, and ___3___ how close the fire was,” she said. Before an official evacuation (疏散) order was issued, Knull decided to act. She began knocking on cabin doors at the lodge (旅馆), ___4___ guests about the fire. Then, realizing that hikers at a nearby campground were unaware of the ___5___, she quickly walked up the trail to evacuate them. Leading a group of 16 people Knull guided them on a tough, four-hour hike through thick smoke and difficult conditions. “The smoke was heavy, my eyes were burning, and ash kept falling,” said Rebecca Tocher, one of the hikers. Despite these ___6___, Knull remained calm and kept the group focused. Knull’s familiarity with the area and her firefighting skills proved ___7___. After hours of struggling, the group finally made it out of the smoky forest and reached a safe area where help was waiting. Authorities later ___8___ Knull’s efforts, calling her a hero for her calmness and leadership under extreme pressure. For Knull, the experience was a powerful reminder of the importance of preparation and community. “I didn’t do it alone,” she said ___9___. “The training I received and the ____10____ the group placed in me made it possible.” 1. A. dust B. smoke C. cloud D. steam 2 A. kicked in B. gave out C. added up D. caught on 3. A. show B. prove C. assess D. track 4. A. calling B. asking C. teaching D. warning 5. A. program B. danger C. arrangement D. fear 6. A. challenges B. limitations C. findings D. consequences 7. A. unique B. cautious C. vital D. popular 8. A. evaluated B. supported C. applauded D. resisted 9. A. humbly B. confidently C. honestly D. nervously 10. A. honor B. gratitude C. request D. trust 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My sons, Liam and Patrick, love baking our family’s special Swedish bread, ____11____ we make only once a year. The recipe was passed down from my great-grandmother to my great-uncle Olof, who baked it every week and later taught it ____12____ me when I was fourteen. As we bake, we share family stories. Baking together not only helps us connect with our family’s past but also allows us to create new memories. One day, I hope my boys ____13____ (carry) on these traditions, passing the stories and recipes to their own children. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On November 17, 2024, China’s first domestically built ocean drilling ship, Mengxiang, or “Dream,” ____14____ (enter) service in Guangzhou. Mengxiang is the largest scientific research ship ever built in China. Its most remarkable feature is its ability to drill as deep as 11 kilometers below the sea floor. After samples ____15____ (collect), the ship’s automated system brings them aboard for analysis in nine laboratories specializing in ____16____ (field) such as geology and microbiology. The ship’s unique propulsion (推进) system improves safety, ____17____ (enable) it to operate in rough sea conditions and even during super typhoons. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the future, we may no longer need chemical pesticides (农药) to help crops grow. Chinese scientists have discovered a small molecule (分子) called 2’cADPR in plant cells that can stimulate immunity. This molecule may be developed into a new type of bio pesticide. “Once this bio pesticide is put into use, it will work when ____18____ (apply) to the plant surface,” said Wan Li, one of the researchers. “Based on existing scientific knowledge, it has the potential to be used on various plants ____19____ (fight) many diseases.” Wan also mentioned that the small molecule has already started production. The next step is to continue testing its effectiveness in the field, with the hope of putting it into ____20____ (practice) use soon. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Thank you for your interest in volunteering at Brightview Children’s Research Hospital. Each year, hundreds of volunteers donate their time and provide much-needed support to our patients and their families. Volunteers serve in a variety of roles, delivering the care and services our patient families deserve. Roles: ·Playing games and providing activities for children. ·Providing temporary care in clinical/inpatient settings. ·Delivering drinks, toys, and other necessary items from various carts. ·Providing directions and assisting with doors. Qualifications: ·Be at least 18 years of age and not attending high school Those under 18 must have written permission from a parent or legal guardian. ·Commit to at least eight continuous months of service, including completing three or more four-hour shifts each month. ·Pass a criminal background check. Background screening may include criminal history, education history, and credit reports. ·Required vaccinations (疫苗接种): Flu vaccination during flu season and annually; Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR); Chickenpox; and Tuberculosis (TB) screening and clearance. Volunteer Code of Conduct and Ethics: ·Do not make commitments you may be unable to fulfill. For day-of-event roles, if you cannot appear for or complete the shift(s) you registered for, cancel your registration at least one week prior to the scheduled role or shift. ·When using the Internet, be aware of your surroundings. Consider how your behavior might be perceived by patients or others nearby. Never post anything about patients or members on social media, even if you omit names or think you’ve removed all identifiers. ·Volunteers should never offer advice or guidance to patients about medical, personal, financial, or other decisions, even if asked. Encourage patients to discuss their concerns with appropriate staff. ·It is not appropriate to become friends with patients. Volunteers are encouraged to be friendly, caring, and supportive while maintaining professional boundaries and following professional standards. If you have specific questions about individual volunteer opportunities at Brightview, please read our Hospital Volunteer FAQs or contact volunteers@Brightview.org. 21. What do volunteers at Brightview do? A. Deliver takeout. B. Make drinks and toys. C Provide consistent care. D. Guide people in the right direction. 22. According to this passage, who is qualified for the post? A. A college student who wants to take a six-month gap. B. A full-time housewife who is sensitive to flu vaccines. C. A 50-year-old self-employed person who is willing to work shifts. D. An 18-year-old high school student who wants to be a doctor in the future. 23. Which code of conduct should volunteers follow? A. Avoid using the Internet in the hospital. B. Give patients personal advice when confident. C. Remove patients’ names when posting photos on social media. D. Cancel the registration at least 7 days in advance if they cannot come. B After the deadly hurricane in October, Taylor Schenker, who lives in Canton, North Carolina, near hard-hit Asheville, went for a walk with her friend to check out the homes destroyed in the disaster. “We spent about four hours digging through the mud, looking for any belongings we could find,” Schenker said. During the process, she found some photographs that didn’t belong to them and laid them out, hoping they could be reunited with their owners. Schenker said that thinking about the photos she had left behind kept her up that night. She was afraid that if it rained or the wind blew, the photos wouldn’t be able to be reunited with their families. The next day, Schenker went back to collect the photos and ended up finding more — about 200 of them — containing school portraits, birthday cards, and images of childhood friends and families on vacation. She said it was clear that the photos belonged to multiple families, and she understood how special such memories could be to them. Realizing how many important family memories she now had in her possession, she created the Photos from Helene page — a virtual lost-and-found where people could recognize and reclaim their photos. She hoped people would recognize the photos on her page and that word of mouth would help reunite them with their rightful owners. Schenker took the photos home, cleaned them off, and organized them into folders and bins for safekeeping until they could be returned to their owners. Schenker mailed photos to people who were no longer in the area, but she also hand-delivered those that belonged to families who still lived nearby. Each reunion served as a heartwarming reminder of the importance of her work. In one instance, Becky Tate and her daughter both recognized their photos on the online page. Tate’s daughter, Nancy, commented that her mom was in tears when they made the discovery. “The process is definitely fulfilling,” Schenker said. “It’s enjoyable to witness the moment when a photograph is returned to its rightful owner, and to observe people in the comments mentioning each other and sharing their thoughts and saying, ‘Oh my gosh, you just reminded me of this moment in my life that I had totally forgotten about.’” She said she chose the name for her page because most of the photos they’ve seen come out of the hurricane show the devastation (破坏) left behind—but her Photos from Helene are happy memories of Asheville and the lives there. 24. What can we know about the photos on Schenker’s page? A. They were all proof of the hurricane. B. They were seriously damaged in the storm. C. They were left behind by some families on purpose. D. They were discovered in areas impacted by the hurricane. 25. Which sentence best expresses Schenker’s motivation for her page? A. “The hurricane destroyed everything in its path.” B. “I wanted to clean the photos and keep them as memories.” C. “I realized how important these photos must be to someone.” D. “It was just so sad to see so many photos spread and damaged.” 26. Why were Schenker’s actions important after the hurricane? A. They gave comfort to those affected. B. They inspired others to volunteer and help. C. They provided supplies to families in need. D. They raised awareness of survivors’struggles. 27. Which of the following words can best describe Schenker? A. Curious. B. Caring. C. Ambitious. D. Adventurous. C In recent research, my colleagues and I set out to investigate the neural (神经的) mechanisms underlying experiences like solving challenging problems. Specifically, we wanted to understand what happens in the brain while a person engages in abstract and demanding thought — so we designed a study involving math expertise. For our experiment, we selected 22 university students majoring in mathematics, along with 22 students from other disciplines. We asked the students to watch step-by-step presentations that explained how to solve several challenging math problems. Throughout this demonstration, the students wore a cap covered with electrodes (电极) so that we could track electrical activity in their brains. After each presentation, they had to report whether they thought they had understood the presentations and how engaged they felt during the experience. We found that students whose coursework involved little mathematics showed more signs of complex activity in the prefrontal cortex (皮层), indicating how hard they were working to understand the various steps of the complex math demonstrations. However, in the other group, we noted significant activity linking the frontal and parietal (顶骨) regions of their brain. More specifically, these areas exhibited a pattern of activity described as delta waves. Some recent research suggests that these delta waves may play a crucial role in the cognitive (认知的) processing that supports deep internal concentration and the relocation of information between distant brain regions. In fact, we suspect that the long-distance delta waves we observed may play a central role whenever people engage in contextual and complex problem-solving. This suggests that engaging brain networks in this way could be useful for many tasks requiring concentration. It’s likely that when people with extensive experience in a task are deeply engaged in that effort, these same delta waves are involved, even as the specific brain networks vary. It’s also possible — though we’ll need to investigate further to be sure — that this state of deep concentration is generalizable: developing this way of thinking in one domain could help you in others. These findings suggest a trade-off that people should keep in mind—particularly as artificial intelligence and other tools offer shortcuts for various forms of problem-solving. Each time we offload a problem to a calculator or ask Al to summarize an essay, we lose an opportunity to improve our own skills and practice deep concentration. To be clear, technologies can boost our efficiency in important ways, but the seemingly “inefficient” hard work we do can be powerful, too. 28. Based on the study results, how do Math majors process challenging math problems differently from non-Math majors? A. They experience less engagement during problem-solving tasks. B. They use more areas of their prefrontal cortex to solve problems. C. They display delta wave activity linking frontal and parietal regions. D. They show slower overall brain activity during complex problem-solving. 29. What does the underlined word “trade-off” in the last paragraph probably refer to? A. Weighing short-term efficiency against lasting cognitive benefits. B. Choosing between immediate convenience and faster results. C. Sacrificing technology’s advantage for human competition. D. Deciding between human effort and advanced tools. 30. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s view on the role of “inefficient” work? A. It allows the brain to build skills that are transferable to other tasks. B. It wastes time and resources compared to using technology. C. It improves engagement but has no cognitive benefits. D. It helps those who are good at subjects like math. 31. What is the best title for the passage? A. Which to Choose: Efficiency or Hard Work? B. What Benefits Us More: AI Tools or Deep Concentration? C. Employing Complex Math Problems to Enhance Delta Waves D. Developing Expertise Improves the Brain’s Ability to Concentrate D In the early 1900s, an American chemist named Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment. His studies revealed the dangers of unregulated (未经监管的) food additives and raised public awareness about the importance of knowing what was in the food they consumed. However, it wasn’t until nearly 90 years later that companies in the U. S. began disclosing the ingredients inside the boxes, cans, and bags that lined grocery store shelves. Fast-forward to today, and it’s hard to imagine walking through a supermarket without seeing these labels. Yet, when we surf the Internet — another essential marketplace in our lives — we often absorb vast amounts of digital information without any understanding of its emotional or mental “nutritional value.” But what if every webpage came with a content label? A study we conducted, published today in Nature Human Behavior, revealed that individuals with poorer mental health tended to seek out more negative and frightening content online. This, in turn, worsened their symptoms, creating a destructive cycle. To break this cycle, we introduced content labels that provided users with emotional “nutrition information” about the websites they were about to visit. Would this webpage make you feel better or worse? Was it full of negativity, or was it likely to brighten your mood? When users were shown these labels on the search engine results page, they were far less likely to click on negative content. As a result, this led to improved mood after browsing (浏览). However, it’s important to note that you wouldn’t want people to make decisions solely based on the emotional tone of a website. Staying informed about the world — despite the potential for sadness or anxiety — is often essential. To address this, we developed a plugin that provides users with not only labels about a website’s emotional tone but also scores indicating the practicality, helpfulness, and ability of the information to enhance understanding. These scores, displayed on the search engine results page, are calculated using a machine learning algorithm (运算法则) trained on thousands of human assessments. Anne-Linda Camerini, a researcher specializing in digital media and mental health, pointed out that while much of the focus on mental health and technology has been on limiting screen time, the type of content we consume is just as critical. This shift could transform the conversation around mental health and technology. Instead of framing the Internet as inherently harmful, content labels offer a way to create a healthier digital experience. Just as nutrition labels empower people to make better food choices, content labels could enable users to make smarter, healthier decisions online. 32. What does the author intend to do by mentioning Harvey’s studies? A. Make a comparison. B. Illustrate a point. C. Suggest an alternative. D. Challenge an assumption. 33. According to the passage, how do content labels aim to create a healthier digital experience? A. By encouraging users to avoid the Internet altogether. B. By showing emotional tone and website usefulness. C. By training users to spend less time online. D. By restricting access to negative content. 34. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To stress the necessity of categorizing webpages. B. To suggest new solutions to mental health problems. C. To criticize social media sites for spreading negativity. D. To highlight the importance of regulating online content. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What food do you love? What food do you hate? If you ask around, you’ll soon see there’s no right or wrong answer—it’s all a question of taste. ____35____ Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA. Our scientific understanding of taste began just 25 years ago with the discovery of taste receptors—cells located on the tongue’s surface. ____36____ What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else, and this is because of differences in the receptors we’re born with. In other words, taste is partly genetic. According to Danielle Reed, a researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, “When we first started doing genetic studies, we really just limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry. ____37____ We are broadening our horizons and studying people of Asian and African ancestry, and that has really opened up the knowledge that people are much more diverse than we ever realized. Taste isn’t a matter of opinion. ____38____” But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic, what about restaurant critics and wine connoisseurs—people whose job is to tell us what to eat and drink? Are their opinions any better than our own? David Kermode, a wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition, admits that while scientists have shown taste is largely individual and genetic, personal taste remains subjective. “____39____ But they are encouraged to set those prejudices aside.” A. It’s a matter of biology. B. It is actually the number-one driver for food choice. C. However, individual taste experience is highly subjective. D. But our taste, it turns out, isn’t simply a matter of opinion. E. People all have their own personal prejudices in whatever aspect of life they want to go into. F. And so our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited. G. For researchers in social sciences, taste is a broader concept related to tradition, geography, culture, as well as social relations. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 At the airport recently, I witnessed a moment of unexpected joy. A one-year-old boy, still mastering his wobbly (摇晃的) first steps, toddled (蹒跚行走) with fierce determination, his little legs working hard to find balance. His mom, glowing with pride, shared that he had just started walking. Each time he fell, he sprang right back up — and something beautiful happened. Strangers — young and old, from every background and corner of life — began cheering him on, united in encouragement for this tiny explorer. In that brief moment, we came together to celebrate something simple yet profound: the beauty of progress. This got me thinking: When did we stop cheering for the “wobbles” in our own lives? When did we start treating every fall as a failure instead of an essential step forward? As adults, we often lose sight of how important it is to celebrate small wins. We wait for the big milestones — a promotion, a degree, or a major achievement — before we allow ourselves (and others) to feel worthy of applause. But research shows that it’s the little victories, the everyday progress, that drive motivation and long-term success. In their research on creativity and motivation, Harvard Business School professor Teresa Amabile and psychologist Steven Kramer developed what they call The Progress Principle. Their studies revealed that one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation isn’t achieving major breakthroughs — it’s making consistent progress, no matter how small. Even seemingly minor accomplishments can cause a positive emotional response that boosts motivation and enhances performance. Small wins, Amabile explains, create an “upward progression.” Each little victory reinforces our belief that progress is possible, even when the final goal feels distant. The problem is that, as adults, we often dismiss small wins as insignificant. Instead of celebrating small moments of progress, we focus on how far we still have to go, leaving us feeling stuck and unmotivated. This brings us back to the toddler at the airport. Every stumble (蹒跚) he made wasn’t met with criticism or a strict reminder of how much more he had to learn — it was met with cheers and encouragement. Imagine how different our lives might feel if we celebrated each other, and ourselves, the way we cheered for that toddler: for trying, for wobbling, and for getting back up. 40. What did the strangers at the airport come together to celebrate as the little boy tried to walk? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. According to the author, how do adults often treat small wins? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to The Progress Principle, one of the most significant factors in sustaining motivation is achieving major breakthroughs. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Give one example of your real-life “wobbles”. (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要组织一次主题为“A Message to Spring”的学生活动，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．活动内容； 2．你的理由。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $