Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 词汇复习课件-2025届高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

一轮复习 XBOOK3 UNIT4 Adversity and Courage 01 词汇基础 第1课时 词汇派生 Objectives: Learn the word formation of some important words of this unit. Correctly use and master them in context. Memorize them after class. 01 词汇派生 1.短文(A&B)中的词汇拓展(诵读版) 1.enthusiastic    adj.（about）热心的；热情的→ . adv.热情地→ n. （for）热情；热衷的活动→ n.狂热爱好者  2.advertisement n.广告；启事 → vt. (为……)做广告：登广告→ n.广告商 → n．广告活动；广告业 3.qualified  adj.（for/to）符合资格；具备……的资格(或技能、学历等) → vt.使具有资格；达标→ n.资格；资历 4.guidance n.指导；引导；导航→ vt.指导；给某人领路 n. 向导；导游 5.thoroughly    adv.完全地；彻底地；极其地 → adj.彻底的；完全的；深入的 enthusiastically enthusiasm enthusiast advertise advertiser advertising qualify qualification guide thorough 2.短文(A&B)中的词汇拓展用活用准(诵读版) 1.Dasey is a music  who is always   about sharing her music with others. People around can easily feel her  .(enthusiastic) 2.The  tried his best to make a persuasive  to  his new products.(advertise) 3.To  for the job, first you need to have a  , then a training course will make you more  .(qualified) 4.They didn't hire a  for their tour, so they had to seek online    about the route. (guidance) 5.The newly-decorated apartment is in need of a  clean. I hope you will help me clean it  .(thoroughly) enthusiast enthusiastic enthusiasm be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情 advertiser advertisement advertise qualify qualification qualified 使有资格: qualify for/be qualified for guide guidance thorough thoroughly 1.短文(A&B)中的词汇拓展(诵读版) 6.unfortunately   adv.不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地→  adj. 不幸的；倒霉的；可惜的→  adj.幸运的；交好运的→ n.命运；机会；财富 7.assign vt.分派；布置；分配→ n.分配；分派的工作；任务 8.commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献→ vt.(to)承诺；保证；犯罪；忠于→ adj. (to)尽心尽力的，忠诚的 9.resolve vi.(on/to do)&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)→ n.决议;正式决定;决心→ adj. 下定决心的的 10.motivate   vt.成为……的动机；激励；是……的原因→ n.动机：原因：目的→ adj. 积极的，主动的 unfortunate fortunate fortune assignment commit committed resolution resolved motive motivated 2.短文(A&B)中的词汇拓展用活用准(诵读版) 6.Years ago, Luke was  enough to make a good  .   , he had a serious accident. It was  that most of his money was spent in curing him.(unfortunately) 7.I must complete three written  today. Our English teacher them to us yesterday.(assign) 8.Sir Shackleton  that he would bring us out of trouble. He did keep his . (commitment) 9.Whatever you to do, I want you to commit to it. You should make sure you would not easily change your  .(resolve) 10.He has no  for anything, so it's not easy to  him to try new things.(motivate) fortunate fortune Unfortunately unfortunate make a (good) fortune 赚大钱 assignments assigned committed commitment bring sb. out of trouble 救某人脱离困境 resolve resolution 承诺，致力于，投入commit to motive motivate 1.enthusiastic    adj.热心的；热情的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm  n. 热情；热衷的活动→enthusiast n.狂热爱好者  2.advertisement n.广告；启事 →advertise vt. (为……)做广告：登广告→advertiser n.广告商 →advertising n．广告活动；广告业 3.qualified  adj.符合资格；具备……的资格(或技能、学历等)→qualify  vt.使具有资格；达标→qualification  n.资格；资历 4.guidance n.指导；引导；导航→guide vt.指导；给某人领路 n. 向导；导游 5.thoroughly    adv.完全地；彻底地；极其地 → thorough   adj.彻底的；完全的；深入的 6.unfortunately   adv.不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地→ unfortunate   adj.不幸的；倒霉的；可惜的→ fortunate   adj.幸运的；交好运的→fortune  n.命运；机会；财富 7.assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n.分配；分派的工作；任务 8.commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.承诺；保证；犯罪；忠于 9.resolve vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)→ resolution n.决议：正式决定：决心 10.motivate vt.成为...的动机；激励；是…的原因→motive n.动机：原因：目的 1． vi.[to]属于；应在(某处)→ n．[pl.]财物；动产 2． adj.自私的→ adv.自私地→ n.自私→ adj. 无私的，忘我的→ n.无私 3． vi.(in doing/with sth)坚持；孜孜以求→ . adj. 能坚持的，锲而不舍的→ n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 4． adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→ adv.残忍地；残酷地→ n．残忍；残酷 5． adj.忠诚的；忠实的[OPP. ]→ n．忠诚；忠实 belong belongings selfish selfishly selfishness selfless selflessness persevere perseverant perseverance cruel cruelly cruelty loyal disloyal loyalty 1.All her , including the books she cherished and the photos that held precious memories, seemed to to a different era, evoking 唤起 a sense of nostalgia乡愁 ，怀旧 and to a past that was both distant and dear.(belong) 2.He devoted himself to the community service with great , always putting others' needs first, while his brother was quite , only caring about his own interests.(selfless) 3.With and a spirit, she continued to in her pursuit of the challenging goal, never giving up despite numerous setbacks 挫折，阻碍.(perseverance) belongings belong belonging belong to 属于；a sense of belonging 归属感 selflessly selflessness selfish perseverance perseverant persevere persevere in 坚持做某事 4.The dictator独裁者 ruled the country with an iron fist, treating his subjects国民 and showing no mercy, his acts of causing widespread suffering and fear among the population. (cruel) 5.He was known for his unwavering 坚定的 to his friends, always standing by them in times of need. However, his colleague betrayed背叛 their trust, undermining逐渐削弱 the team's efforts and shattering破坏 the bonds of that had once held them together.(loyal) cruel cruelly cruelty loyalty disloyal loyalty be loyal to 忠诚于 6.  n.忍耐力；耐久力→endure vt.忍耐；容忍 7. n.（of）& vt.（sb. for sth.）羡慕；妒忌 → adj. (of)羡慕的；妒忌的→ adv.羡慕地；妒忌地 8. vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n.放纵； 放任→ . adj.被抛弃的； 无约束的 9. ⁠ adj.痛苦的；令人难受的→misery n.痛苦，悲惨；不幸 10.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→ adv.粗糙地；概略地；大约；大致 endurance envy envious enviously abandon abandoned miserable roughly 6.Despite the harsh恶劣的 conditions and endless challenges, her remarkable 　envious 　⁠ enabled her to 　enviousthe difficult journey, proving that the human spirit can overcome even the most daunting使人畏惧的 obstacles障碍.(endure) 7.I don’t think I’m  　envious　⁠ (envy) of your success. 8.Soon they reached an  　abandoned　⁠ (abandon) temple， where there once lived an old monk. 9.Why do you make yourself  　miserable　⁠ (misery) by taking on too much work？ 10.　Roughly　⁠ (rough) speaking， we receive about fifty letters a week on the subject. envious　 Roughly　 miserable　 abandoned　 endurance endure 1．belong v．属于；应在(某处)→belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产 2．selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfishness n．自私→selfless adj. 无私的，忘我的 3．persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→perseverant adj. 能坚持的，锲而不舍的→perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 4．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷 5．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的[OPP. disloyal ]→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实 6. endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力→endure vt.忍耐；容忍 7. envy⁠ n（of）.& vt.（sb. for sth.）羡慕；妒忌 →envious adj.(of)羡慕的；妒忌的→enviously adv.羡慕地；妒忌地 8.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n.放纵； 放任→abandoned adj.(to)被抛弃的； 无约束的 9.miserable⁠ adj.痛苦的；令人难受的→misery n.痛苦，悲惨；不幸 10.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→roughly adv.粗糙地；概略地；大约；大致 第3课时 当堂练 Objectives: 1. Study sentence patterns 2. Complete exercises in class Key points: Clarify key points easy to confuse Difficult points: Find out what need to teach Ⅰ.Word Formation in Sentences/单句语法填空 1．(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to 对……表示同情 the fact that your friend may feel __________(abandon). 2．(2022·浙江卷1月满分作文)Your ____________(enthusiasm) introduction to the artworks from your home country allowed me to appreciate them better. 3．(2023·全国乙卷满分作文)Under the ________(guide) of my mother, I turned on the gas cooker. 4．All forms of ___________(recreate) are provided in this club, which is popular with the young. 5．(2022·浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example, _______(rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. abandoned enthusiastic guidance recreations roughly 返回目录 下一页 上一页 高 考 总 复 习 6．(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Come and work out with our _________ (qualify) personal trainer, Jodie McGregor, on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate. 7．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)All the ___________ will be submitted by the ________ date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.(assign) 8．You have plenty of time to get all your __________(belong) together, so there is no need to panic. 9．With faith and ____________(persevere), he finally overcame all the difficulties. qualified assignments assigned belongings perseverance 返回目录 下一页 上一页 高 考 总 复 习 Ⅱ.Idiomatic Uses and Collocations/固定用法和搭配 1．He is selfless and good-tempered. Thus, he is always enthusiastic _____ helping those in trouble. 2．All the girls at the dance watched her ____ envy when she danced with the prince. 3．My offer to go on a voyage in the summer holiday got turned ______, which frustrated me. 4．Many factories give ___ too much methane (甲烷) and carbon dioxide, polluting the environment. 5．We did __ well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. 6．Whenever I encounter difficulties, she will encourage me and help me cheer __． about with down off 对...有热情 with envy 羡慕地 忌妒地 被拒绝 释放 so up 使振作起来 返回目录 下一页 上一页 高 考 总 复 习 Ⅲ.Lexical Chunk in Use/语块运用 1．Tom had to ___________(拒绝) the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. 2．Bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't __________(放出) waste gas. 3．Nowadays many young people __________(梦想) making a fortune in big cities. 4．During Spring Festival, in many places, people like to _________(使爆炸) firecrackers and put up spring couplets on the door. 5．Though it's not easy, we should always ___________________(保持我们的精神振奋) for it can give us courage to face difficulties. turn down give off dream of set off keep our spirits up 返回目录 下一页 上一页 高 考 总 复 习 Ⅳ.Extended Meaning in Context/熟词生义 1．Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. ___ A．下沉，沉没　　　B．洗涤槽，水槽 C．(心情)低落，陷入(沮丧) 2．We must take care to get the right kind of frame to set off the picture. ___ A．出发　　　　B．衬托　　　　　C．掀起 3．The bark of the young tree was removed and soon it died. ___ A．(狗)吠叫 B．吼叫 C．树皮 B B C 返回目录 下一页 上一页 高 考 总 复 习 Ⅴ.Sentence Completion/完成句子 1．让我失望的是，每天我全然忙于完成所有的作业，但是并没有取得明显的进步。 To my disappointment，_______________________________________ ________________________，but I don't make obvious progress. 2．只要你采纳我的建议，你一定会在北京上大学期间拥有最难忘的经历。 ______________________________，you are bound to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing. 3．如果我是你，我肯定会充分利用时间来提高我的学业成绩。(if引导虚拟条件句) ______________, I would certainly make full use of the time to improve my academic performance. I am so abandoned to finishing all the assignments every day As long as you take my advice If I were you 返回目录 下一页 上一页 高 考 总 复 习 4．他是一位杰出的民谣和摇滚歌曲作者，他的演奏技巧令其他歌曲作者羡慕不已。 He is a master folk and rock songwriter _________________________ __________________________________________________． 5．在一位当地村民的带领下，我们最终找到了那座古老的城堡。 (1)We _______________________________，and we finally found the ancient castle.(并列句) (2)__________________________，we finally found the ancient castle.(分词短语作状语) (3)_______________________________，we finally found the ancient castle.(with复合结构) were guided by a local villager Guided by a local villager With a local villager guiding us whose playing technique is the envy of other songwriters 返回目录 下一页 上一页 高 考 总 复 习 第4课时 完型语填当堂练 Objectives: 1. Complete exercises in class. 2. Revise the vocabulary of this unit in two passages. Key points: Master the words and set phrases. Difficult points: Imitate the sentence patterns used in context. 【参考答案】 短文(A) 完形填空 1-5 DBACD 6-10 ABCDA 11-15 DBCBA 短文(B) 语法填空 1.His 2.a 3.successful 4.realized 5.rarely 6.to write 7.composing 8.which/that 9.after 10.candidates 语基巩固 03 完型填空 Perce was a nephew of a decent正派的；得体的 navy officer. He worked in a tennis bat 蝙蝠；球棒；球拍 corporation with a low wage and few recreations. But he was 1.D.“充满热情的”(enthusiastic) about exploring the unknown area. The instant he read Sir Shackleton's 2.B.“广告”(advertisement) for sailors about the Antarctic(南极的) Continent 3.A. “探险”(exploration) he applied for it. However, thought not qualified enough, he was 4.“被拒绝”(turned down). Under his uncle's guidance, he managed to get aboard Shackleton's 5.D.“船”(ship) , hiding in a damp潮湿的 cupboard碗柜；食橱 and only coming out when everybody was thoroughly 6.A.“睡着”(asleep). Unfortunately, he was 7.B.“发现”(discovered) as Shackleton's dog kept barking at the 8.C.“家具”(furniture). Instead of sending him back, Shackleton assigned him to cook. However, their voyage(航行)wasn't 9.D.“顺利”(smooth). A few days later, with the 10.A.“发动机”(motor) failing, their ship got well and truly 完全地、彻底地 stuck. When it began to l1.D.“下沉” (sink), Shackleton resolved to 下定决心去做 abandon it. The crew brought with them a few 12.B.“随身物品”(belongings) like blankets and food and climbed onto an iceberg(冰山)where they camped in the following bitter味苦的；痛苦的;严寒的 months. Shackleton set off to seek 13.C.“帮助” (help) with a few crew members. The rest managed to make a fire 生火 to cook food with animal fat. Though giving off 释放；发出 oily black smoke, it stayed 14.B.“燃烧”(burning) even in cruel weather conditions. Four months later, Shackleton brought back the 15.A.“救援”(rescue) team. They were saved. Shackleton's commitment kept them alive and made the whole episode一段经历，一段时期 unforgettable. 1.A.be certain about 对……确信；B.be worried about 对……担忧； C.be careful about 对……小心 2.A.agenda 议事日 程 ；C.campaign 运 动 ； D.stimulation刺激 3.B.consultation 咨询；C.liberation 解放；D.domination占领 4.A.taken away 被带走；B.written down被记下来；D.waken up 被叫醒 5.A.satellite 人造卫星；B.rocket 火箭；C.plane 飞机 6.B.awake 醒着；C.ill 生病； D.afraid害怕 7.A.supported 支持 ；C.deleted 删除 ； D.criticized批评 8.A.sculpture 雕塑；B.vase 花瓶；D.architecture 建筑 9.A.rewarding 有回报的 ； B.permanent 永久的；C.realistic 逼真的 10.B.project项目；C.furniture家具；D.cupboard柜子 11.A.broadcast广播； B.extend扩张；C emerge浮现 12.A.components 组成部件；C.groceries 食品杂货；D.nutrients 营养素 13.A.guarantee 保证； B.discipline 纪律；D.disturbance 打扰 14.A.digesting 消化；C. cooking 煮饭；D.exhibiting 展出 15.B.mineral矿物；C.celebrity 名人；D.educator教育者 04 语法填空 Jiang Nan is the CEO of Bluebird Book Corporation.1.                 (he)staff across the country have been selling learning-aid books to primary and middle school students for decades and he makes 2.                 big fortune annually. People think he's fortunate and regard him as a genuinely真诚地；的确3.                 (success) businessman and scholar. His competitors have been envying him for ages. His a successful However, things were not like this before. Teachers seldom 4.                  (realize) the genuine真正的 need of learners, let alone 更不用说 students. When Jiang found students could 5.              (rare) learn English well even buying loads of 大量 learning-aid books, he made a resolution 6.                 (write) 下定决心做 an English grammar book which would make learning English easier. When he founded Bluebird Book Corporation, few people accepted his concept of 7.                    (compose) learning-aid books.The market was cruel. Two years later, he ran into跑进……；偶然碰见 management crises.  During the bitterest months, he could only afford a small apartment 8.                 was damp and bitterly痛苦地，激烈地；极其 cold in winter. Under such circumstances 在这种情况下, he held onto 设法保持 reading Confucian works to keep himself motivated and playing rugby英式橄榄球 was his only recreation. Under the guidance of a few friends, he spread his idea of learning to more people. Gradually, books written by him became bestsellers one 9.            another. realized rarely to write composing which/that after Jiang's story has been motivating young enterprisers 企业家 to pursue their dreams. Recently he was listed as one of the 10.                 (candidate候选人，申请者)for the Most Inspiring Figure of the Year. He's sure to win the title. candidates 一、核心单词写对 1. 　adversity　⁠ n. 困境；逆境 2. 　bitter　⁠ adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 3. 　expedition　⁠ n. 探险；远征；探险队 4. 　crush　⁠ vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 n. 拥挤的人群 5. 　sink　⁠ vi.(in/into) 沉没；下沉；下降vt. 使下沉；使沉没 6. 　blanket　⁠ n. 毯子 7. 　belongings　⁠ n.[pl.] 财物；动产 8. 　voyage　⁠ n.& vi.(to) 航海；航行 9. 　good/bad-tempered　⁠ adj. 脾气好的/坏的 10. 　genuine　⁠ adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 11. 　crew　⁠ n.【集合n】（轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作 人员；专业团 队；一群人 adversity　 bitter　 expedition　 crush　 sink　 blanket　 belongings　 voyage　 good/bad-tempered　 genuine　 crew　 12. 　cruel　⁠ adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 13. 　thorough　⁠ adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的 14. 　furniture　⁠ n.【U】 家具 15. 　recreation　⁠ n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 16. 　guidance　⁠ n. 指导；引导；导航 17. 　navigator　⁠ n. 领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者 18. 　loyal　⁠ adj.(to) 忠诚的；忠实的[OPP. disloyal] 19. 　motor　⁠ n. 发动机；马达 adj. 有引擎的；机动车的 20. 　candidate　⁠ n. 候选人；应试者 21. 　episode　⁠ n. （人生的）一段经历；（小说的）片段； 插曲 22. 　motive　⁠ n.(for) 动机；原因；目的 recreation　 guidance　 navigator　 loyal　 motor　 candidate　 episode　 motive　 cruel　 thorough　 furniture　 二、重点短语用准 1. 　turn sb down　 　拒绝（某人） 2. 　be enthusiastic about　 　对……热情 3. 　set off　 　出发；引起；动身；使爆炸 4. 　be/become stuck in　 　困住；陷于 5. 　throw away　 　扔掉，丢弃 6. 　to one’s surprise　 　令某人感到惊讶的是 7. 　go from bad to worse　 　每况愈下 8. 　hold on　 　不挂断电话，等一下；继续 9. 　ahead of　 　在……之前 10. 　cheer sb up　 　使某人振作起来 11. 　make fire　 　生火 12. 　give off　 　放出（热、光、气味或气体） 13. 　pay sb back　 　还给某人 14. 　sign up for　 　注册；选课；报名参加 turn sb down　 be enthusiastic about　 set off　 be/become stuck in　 throw away　 to one’s surprise　 go from bad to worse　 hold on　 ahead of　 cheer sb up　 make fire　 give off　 pay sb back　 sign up for　 05 拓展写作 1.the instant相当于 as soon as。 具有类似的用法的短语还有the moment,the minute,the second等。 The instant he read Sir Shackleton's advertisement for sailors about the Antarctic Continent exploration, he applied for it. 【模仿1】下课铃声一响，所有的学生冲出了教室。(the second) 【模仿2】我见到他的那一刻，我就认出了他。(the moment) 【模仿3】当我们到达山顶时，我们被周围美丽的风景(scenery) 惊呆了。(the minute)   The second the bell rang, all the students rushed out of the classroom. The moment I saw him, I recognized him. The minute we reached the top of the mountain, we were struck by the beautiful scenery around. 2.well and truly 表示“完全地；彻底地” A few days later, with the motor failing, their ship got well and truly stuck. 【模仿1】他赶到时，聚会已经完全结束。 【模仿2】几年的辛苦劳作之后，他的健康彻底毁了。   The party had been well and truly over by the time he arrived. After years of hard labor, his health well and truly collapsed. 3.现在完成进行时，其基本结构为“主语+ have/has+been+ v.-ing...”, 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然继续下去。 (1)His staff across the country have been selling learning-aid books to primary and middle school students for decades and he makes a big fortune annually. (2)His competitors have been envying him for ages. (3)Jiang's story has been motivating young enterprisers to pursue their dreams. 【模仿1】最近下了近两个月的雨。 【模仿2】我们已经等她一个小时了。 【模仿3】他们已经在这儿待了10天。   It has been raining for nearly two months. We have been waiting for her for an hour. They have been staying here for ten days. $$