Unit 1 Past and present 单元主题（时代变迁）阅读理解15篇-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册重难点讲练全攻略（牛津译林版）

2024-2025学年一线教师制作同步精品系列资料，已编校！ 2024-2025学年一线教师制作同步精品系列资料，已编校！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit1 Past and present 单元主题（时代变迁）阅读理解15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 （23-24八年级·江苏淮安·期末）   As Chinese, we feel lucky. These years, China is getting better and better. Let’s see some numbers about China’s achievements. 98%: In China, all schools in the country have the Internet. Over 98% of the students can have classes in multimedia (多媒体) classrooms. 170: May 10th is China Brand (品牌) Day. Chinese brands are very popular in our country and even other countries. Over 170 countries use Chinese communication equipment. And many of them think that Chinese equipment is very good. 160,000: China has the world’s largest expressway network (高速公路网). It’s about 160,000 kilometers long in all at the end of 2020. 13,700,000,000: China’s “Sky Eye”, the world’s largest single-aperture radiotelescope (单孔射电望远镜), opened to the world on March 31st, 2021. It can see things about 13.7 billion light years away. These are small parts of China. Come on, China! 1．What do all the schools have in China? A．The Internet. B．China brands. C．Multimedia classrooms. D．A single-aperture radio telescope. 2．When did China’s “Sky Eye” open to the world? A．On May 10th. B．On March 31st. C．On May 31st. D．On March 10th. 3．This passage is mainly from a ________. A．news website B．history book C．sports report D．science magazine 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些与中国取得的成就。 1．细节理解题。根据“In China, all schools in the country have the Internet.”可知，在中国，所有的学校都有互联网。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“China’s ‘Sky Eye’, the world’s largest single-aperture radiotelescope (单孔射电望远镜), opened to the world on March 31st, 2021”可知，中国的“天眼”于2021年3月31日向世界开放。故选B。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一些与中国取得的成就，由此推断，文章可能来自一家新闻网站。故选A。 （23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）I get up early in the morning. The curtain opens itself. The speaker starts to tell me about the weather and air quality today. Vroom, vroom. A self-driving taxi sends me to school. It comes on time and it’s very quiet. I scan my face when I get to the school gate. Look at my exercise book. In my class, each student finishes different exercises. They include the questions that we often get wrong. After school, Dad takes me to the city park. There were many cars on the road and the light stays green. Thanks to the smart traffic lights, we passed the crossings smoothly. Before getting to the park, Dad checks the online maps to find a free parking space. Then the map guides us there. In the park we jog on the smart lane (跑道). The lane records all our sports data such as our heartbeat (心跳), calories and how far we run. It’s getting dark and we are on our way home. The street lights turn on themselves. When there are few people around, they become less bright. 1．How does the writer go to school according the passage? A．On foot. B．By bike. C．By self-driving car. D．By self-driving taxi. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the third paragraph? A．The exercise books. B．The questions. C．The students. D．The exercises. 3．What is the best title for this passage? A．My school life. B．Changes to the city. C．A day in a smart city. D．Travel around the city. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了在智能科技影响下作者一天的生活。 1．细节理解题。根据“A self-driving taxi sends me to school.”可知，一辆自动驾驶出租车送作者去上学。故选D。 2．代词指代题。根据“In my class, each student finishes different exercises. They include the questions that we often get wrong.”可知，每位同学完成不同的练习，这些练习包括我们经常错的一些题，they指代练习。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了在智能科技的影响下作者一天的生活。故选C。 （21-22八年级下·江苏徐州·期末）Sunshine Village was once a poor village in Northern China, but now it has changed into a rich and livable place. In the past, people in Sunshine Village had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. “In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can’t we? Nobody was born to be poor. “The villagers decided to make a difference. They carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. They opened lots of land for growing crops and set up some factories. Their lives were greatly improved. However, the village faced a new problem twenty years later. Pollution was a problem then. The leaders of the village decided to take action to improve the situation. Some polluting factories were shut down. Villagers started to grow grapes and melons. They soon became a main industry（产业）in Sunshine Village. The village started a yearly tourism festival in 2016. Many travelers come to pick grapes and melons. “The grapes and melons could be sold at a better price, once Sunshine Village becomes famous through this festival. We can then live even better lives, “the villagers said with a smile. 1．Where can we probably read the passage? A．In a story book. B．In a sports magazine. C．In a novel. D．In a newspaper. 2．What are the people in Sunshine Village like according to the passage? A．Generous. B．Kind-hearted. C．Humorous. D．Hard-working. 3．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Polluting factories. B．Grapes and melons. C．Clothes factories. D．High mountains. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Ways of becoming rich. B．The story of Yu Gong. C．Changes to Sunshine Village. D．Sunshine Tourism Festival. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍阳光村的一些变化。 1．推理判断题。本文介绍阳光村的一些变化，所以推测可能在报纸上看到这篇文章，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“In the past, people in Sunshine Village had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life.”和后文介绍可知，阳光村的村民们为了过上更好的生活都很努力，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Villagers started to grow grapes and melons. They soon became a main industry in Sunshine Village.”可知，村民们开始种植葡萄和瓜类，它们很快成为阳光村的主要产业。所以此处they指的是“葡萄和瓜类”，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍阳光村的一些变化，故选C。 （23-24八年级下·浙江舟山·期末） Victor’s ProjectAs part of my history project(课题) on transport, I asked some people in my neighborhood. The first one was my friend Susan’s grandmother, Mrs. Sanderson. Question 1 How did you get to school when you were young? I walked to school with my friends. But on Fridays when we had to carry all of our things for school sports, we caught the bus. I enjoyed walking because we could chat on the way. I didn’t like it when it was raining though, but Mum always made sure I wore raincoat and gumboots. On the other hand, I became a strong walker, and I believe that’s why I’ve been healthy all my life. Question 2 My parents drive me to school. Why didn’t you go to school by car? You know, we were not rich enough at that time. We didn’t have much money to buy a car until after I had finished school. Question 3 How did you get around when you weren’t going to school? We often went for a family trip by train. Most weekends we went on picnics and I loved playing with my cousins in the park. The trip took much longer than it took by car today of course. Question 4 How do you get around now? I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast. 1．Victor asks Question 4 to get information about Mrs. Sanderson’s _________. A．lifestyle now B．lovely grandchildren C．family life D．memories of school 2．In all of her answers, Mrs. Sanderson talks about ________. A．her parents B．her favorite activities C．kinds of transport D．places she has visited 3．What do we know about Mrs. Sanderson according to the passage? A．She used to drive to school on wet days. B．She couldn’t answer all Victor’s questions. C．She didn’t like walking to school when young. D．She finds it quicker to get to places these days. 4．The best title of Victor’s finished project is probably ________. A．The life of Mrs. Sanderson B．How Travelling Has Changed C．People in My Neighborhood D．The Importance of Driving Cars 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是Victor为了完成交通历史项目，询问邻居有关交通方式的相关问题。 1．细节理解题。根据四个问题的内容可知，这四个问题是有关Sanderson的生活方式，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“I walked to school with my friends.”；“You know, we were not rich enough at that time. We didn’t have much money to buy a car until after I had finished school.”；“We often went for a family trip by train.”；“I still love walking,”可知，在这四个问题里都谈到了出行方式，故选C。 3． 推理判断题。根据“I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast.”可知，开车去任何地方很快，所以她发现现在去任何地方都快，D表述正确，故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据四个问题的内容可知，这四个问题都是围绕“交通”的，所以最适合本文的标题是“How Travelling Has Changed”，故选B。 （23-24八年级下·辽宁朝阳·期末）Nowadays, the transportation is more and more convenient (方便的) for people. There are many ways of transportation you can choose (选择). Many people like to travel by plane, but I don’t like it because an airport is usually far from the city. You have to get there early and wait for hours for the plane to take off (起飞) and it is often late. You can’t open the windows. You can’t choose the food. Planes are fast but people still need hours to go out of the airport and into the city. I like traveling by train. I think trains are safe. Railway stations are usually in cities. When you are late for a train, you can catch another one. You can walk around on the train and open the windows. It takes a little more time, but you can see many interesting things on your way. I also like cars. You can start your journey (旅行) when you want to, and you don’t need to get to a railway station or a bus stop. Also, you can carry many things with you in a car. But sometimes there are too many cars on the road. In fact, the choice (选择) of transportation depends on (取决于) your need. 1．The writer doesn’t like to travel by plane because  _______. A．the airport is far from the city B．it’s very fast C．the cost is too high D．it’s not safe 2．Which is NOT the good thing about the train? _______ A．It is safe and convenient. B．It takes a little more time. C．You can open the windows. D．You can walk around on the train. 3．Which is the structure (结构) of the passage? _______ A． B． C． D． 4．What does the writer mainly (主要地) tell us in this passage? _______ A．He likes to drive a car because it’s safe. B．Choosing transportation depends on people’s need. C．It takes a lot of time to go into and get out of the airport. D．He likes to take a train because it takes a little more time. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了三种不同的交通方式。 1．细节理解题。根据“I don’t like it because an airport is usually far from the city”可知，作者不喜欢乘飞机，因为机场离城市很远。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“It takes a little more time, but you can see many interesting things on your way.”可知，花更多的时候不是好事。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。第1段总起全文，第2、3、4段分别介绍三种交通方式，为并列结构；第5段总结全文。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“In fact, the choice of transportation depends on your need.”可知，作者主要告诉我们选择交通方式取决于人们的需要。故选B。 进阶拓展训练5篇 （23-24八年级下·天津红桥·期末）Someone writes a letter, puts the letter into an envelope (信封) and posts it through a mailbox. Maybe we often see such a scene in movies. However, we seldom see it in our everyday life now. Now we hardly use mailboxes to post letters. We usually write and send emails instead of letters. Sending emails is much faster than sending letters. Therefore, mailboxes are old and out-of-date. Then some old mailboxes have a new use. In some cities in Argentina, people use old mailboxes as rubbish cans (垃圾箱). They throw rubbish into the old mailboxes. Some people think it’s a good idea, but some people have a different idea. They don’t want to throw rubbish into the old mailboxes. They want more children to remember old mailboxes. They try to repair these old mailboxes. They think people should protect the old mailboxes. 1．Now we send emails instead of letters because sending emails is ________. A．harder B．faster C．slower D．quieter 2．The underlined word “out-of-date” in Paragraph 3 means ________ in Chinese. A．崭新的 B．便捷的 C．流行的 D．过时的 3．Now some people in Argentina ________. A．post letters through mailboxes B．post books through mailboxes C．throw rubbish into mailboxes D．throw newspapers into mailboxes 4．What can we know from the passage? A．Now Iots of people still use mailboxes to post letters. B．Some people try to repair and protect old mailboxes. C．All people think it’s a good idea to use old mailboxes as rubbish cans. D．People in Argentina want more children to forget old mailboxes. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Old Mallboxes in Movies or Books B．Some Reasons for Sending Emails C．Different Ways of Posting Letters D．Different Ideas about Old Mailboxes 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了随着科技的发展，电子邮件取代了传统信件，因此现在几乎没有人使用邮箱了，在阿根廷的一些城市，有些人把邮箱当成垃圾箱来使用，但是有些人不同意这种做法，他们认为人们应该保护那些旧邮箱。 1．细节理解题。根据“Sending e-mails is much faster than sending letters.”可知发电子邮件更快。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Sending e-mails is much faster than sending letters. Therefore, mailboxes are old and out of date.”可知电子邮件更快，所以邮箱旧了，过时了，故此处划线部分意为“过时的”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“people use old mailboxes as trash cans. They throw trash into the old mailboxes”可知现在人们把旧邮箱当成了垃圾箱，他们把垃圾扔进旧邮箱。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“They try to repair those old mailboxes. They think people should protect the old mailboxes”可知现在有些人在修理这些旧邮箱，并保护它们。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了随着科技的发展，电子邮件取代了传统信件，因此现在几乎没有人使用邮箱了，在阿根廷的一些城市，有些人把邮箱当成垃圾箱来使用，但是有些人不同意这种做法，他们认为人们应该保护那些旧邮箱，所以选项D“关于旧邮箱的不同看法”为标题最合适。故选D。 （23-24八年级下·广东汕头·期末）A team of students at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands has designed and built a solar-powered car, which is completely powered by the sun. Over the last year, thirty students between the ages of 21 and 25 took a year off from the university to work on developing the car used for travel off the public road. The car, called Stella Terra, is the first solar-powered car that can travel off-road for long distances without needing a recharging (充电) station. Like most electric cars, Stella Terra stores energy in a battery (电池). Thanks to its powerful solar panels (控制板) and its battery, when it’s sunny, the car can run for 440 miles (710 kilometers) a day. Stella Terra can carry two people, and has a top speed of 90 mph (145 kph). The car weighs just 2,600 pounds (1,200 kilograms). That’s about two-thirds the weight of a typical car. On the bottom, the team designed a system to help the car deal with the hits and heavy shaking that come when driving over rough (凹凸不平的) surfaces. The team recently took the car on its biggest test—a challenging 620-mile (1,000-kilometer) test drive across Morocco. The car had to travel through forests as well as dry riverbeds. It had to drive across loose desert sand and up steep mountain trails. The car succeeded in doing all of this— and all without ever stopping at a charging station. The team is very proud of their car, but they won’t be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas. In fact, they hope that Stella Terra will help give car companies good ideas to work on similar projects. 1．How old are the students that have designed and built a solar-powered car? A．21 years old. B．Between 21 and 25 years old. C．25 years old. D．Between 25 and 30 years old. 2．What does the underlined word “solar-powered” in Paragraph l mean? A．电能的 B．太阳能的 C．汽油的 D．新能源的 3．What do the underline phrases “its biggest test” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．A 440-mile-a-day test drive. B．A 620-mile test drive across Morocco. C．A speed test drive off the public road. D．A power test drive across Morocco. 4．Why won’t the team be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas? A．Because they hope Stella Terra will help car companies to work well on similar projects. B．Because they hope car companies will ask them to work on the similar projects. C．Because they are very proud of Stella Terra, which was designed by themselves. D．Because the car has succeeded in the biggest test drive across Morocco. 5．In what part of the newspaper can we see this passage? A．Science and technology. B．Nature and geography. C．Society and culture. D．Sports and health. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了荷兰埃因霍温理工大学的学生团队设计并制造了一款名为Stella Terra的太阳能汽车，可以在不需要充电站的情况下进行长距离越野行驶。 1．细节理解题。根据“Over the last year, thirty students between the ages of 21 and 25 took a year off from the university to work on developing the car used for travel off the public road.”可知，设计并制造由太阳能驱动的汽车的学生，年龄在21岁到25岁之间。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“which is completely powered by the sun.”可知，该汽车由太阳为其提供动力，即该汽车是太阳能汽车，因此“solar-powered”表示“太阳能的”。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“The team recently took the car on its biggest test—a challenging 620-mile (1,000-kilometer) test drive across Morocco.”可知，该团队最近对该车进行了一次最大的测试——在摩洛哥进行了一次具有挑战性的620英里（1000公里）的试驾。即“its biggest test”指的是“穿越摩洛哥的620英里试驾”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“In fact, they hope that Stella Terra will help give car companies good ideas to work on similar projects.”可知，他们希望Stella Terra能够帮助汽车公司在类似的项目上提供好的想法。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文介绍了荷兰埃因霍温理工大学的学生团队设计并制造了一款名为Stella Terra的太阳能汽车，可以在不需要充电站的情况下进行长距离越野行驶。由此推知本文可能会出现在报纸的“科技”板块。故选A。 （23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期中）Villages in China have enjoyed their development in a digital (数字) way in recent years. With the help of digital technology (技术), villagers are living an easier and happier life. Farming in the past was not an easy job. Farmers worked hard all year round. At the same time, they usually found it difficult to solve problems like plant diseases and pest (害虫). Now, there have been big changes in farming. For example, in Dayi County, Sichuan Province, AI machines help local farmers know when and how to fertilize (施肥) and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy. Thanks to the Internet, a new business called rural e-commerce (乡村电子商务) grows. Selling fresh fruit and vegetables to cities is faster. The business also helps villagers live a digital life. They can get many things done on different kinds of apps. They can also use drones to help with their farm work. More visitors travel in beautiful villages because of digital technology. A good example is Huacheng Town, Guangdong Province. Visitors can know where to park their cars for free, when to book a ticket easily and what to buy online. They can also enjoy the view of nearly every part of the town by using VR. 1．According to Paragraph 2, we know AI machines can help farmers ________. A．water the crops B．harvest the crops C．know when and where to fertilize D．save time and energy on farming 2．What is the structure of this passage? (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． D． 3．What is the best title of this passage? A．Better village life. B．Tourism in villages. C．The digital technology. D．A new business in villages. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了数字技术在农村的发展及应用情况。 1．细节理解题。根据“...AI machines help local farmers know when and how to fertilize and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy.”可知，人工智能帮助农民施肥和除虫，减少了农民务农所需的时间和精力。故选D。 2．篇章结构题。文章第一段总述了数字技术对农村发展帮助颇多；第二、三、四段分别介绍了数字技术在务农、电子商务和旅游方面的作用。故选A。 3．最佳标题题。根据“With the help of digital technology, villagers are living an easier and happier life.”可知，本文主要介绍了数字技术使村民们过上了更轻松、更幸福的生活，因此A项“更好的乡村生活。”最适合做本文的标题。故选A。 （23-24八年级下·江苏南通·阶段练习）Cameron Patterson, a British student, spent his childhood in China. He has seen many great changes in the country over the past 15 years, especially trains. At the age of 8, Patterson moved from Wales to join his father in Shanxi. In the following years, he and his parents lived in a few cities. They also travelled a lot during holidays. However, traveling itself wasn’t always relaxing. When his family moved from Jiangsu to Guangdong, they took the old green train and spent one and a half days on the trip. Now with high-speed train, life become much easier. Long and boring trips in the past have become shorter. Also, the modern trains are more comfortable. “A coin (硬币) wouldn’t move at all on the table of a fast moving train.” He said excitedly. Patterson was glad to see these changes in China, but he also wondered how they happened. When he read a poem about China’s role model (榜样) Jiao Yulu in 2015, he got the answer. Jiao was seriously ill at that time, but still kept working to help people till the end of his life. Jiao devoted (献身) himself to improving people’s life. “He was really great. I learn a lot from him,” said Patterson. Patterson now works as a Confucius Institute volunteer at Lancaster University. “I’m proud to act as a bridge between the UK and China and help the two peoples know about each other’s cultures better.” 1．From the first two paragraphs, what do we know about Patterson? A．He moved to China at an early age. B．He didn’t feel any changes in China. C．He took great interest in China’s history. D．He was always excited when taking the old green train. 2．The writer shows the modern trains are more comfortable by _______. A．playing a trick B．asking a question C．giving an example D．showing a picture 3．Why does Patterson mention (提及) the story of Jiao Yulu? A．To ask readers to study harder. B．To tell readers to read poems. C．To make foreign readers learn Chinese. D．To show that people like him help China become stronger. 4．According to the passage, we can infer Patterson __________. A．wants more people to travel around the world B．enjoy acting as a bridge between the UK and China C．thinks it is useless to learn cultures of other countries D．feels happy to live in China with more people from the UK 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一记叙文，文章以英国学生Cameron Patterson的视角介绍了中国近年来的飞速发展。他现在作为中英两国文化交流的桥梁，他感到骄傲、自豪。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“At the age of 8, Patterson moved from Wales to join his father in Shanxi.”可知，Cameron Patterson在小时候就搬到了中国。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Also, the modern trains are more comfortable. ‘A coin (硬币) wouldn’t move at all on the table of a fast moving train.’”可知，一枚硬币在快速行驶的火车的桌子上根本不会动，作者通过举例子的方式说明了现在火车的舒适度大大提升。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Patterson was glad to see these changes in China, but he also wondered how they happened. When he read a poem about China’s role model (榜样) Jiao Yulu in 2015, he got the answer.”可知，文章介绍了以焦裕禄为代表的为中国发展作出突出贡献的领军人物，目的是告诉我们是他们让中国变得更强大。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m proud to act as a bridge between the UK and China and help the two peoples know about each other’s cultures better.”可知，Patterson喜欢充当中英文化交流的桥梁。故选B。 （23-24八年级下·江苏南通·阶段练习）It has been forty years since China’s Reform and Opening-up（改革开放）. Let’s see how China has changed through the years. 1978—1988: New Look In a 1978 Japanese documentary（记录片）China’s New Look, there was a scene showing Chinese people’ life back then. In front of an old-fashioned TV set, some Shanghainese gathered around to watch a TV show. In 1981, only one out of every 170 city families in China had a color TV. 1988—1998: ________ In October 1990, the first McDonald’s on the Chinese mainland opened for business in Shenzhen. It quickly became the hottest tourist spot（旅游景点）. Many Chinese customers waited in line and shouted to the shop assistant, “I want 10 Big Macs,” recalled a waiter at McDonald’s at that time. 1998—2008: Here Comes WTO For many Chinese, the year 2001 was very unforgettable. It marked the start of a new millennium（一千年）and led to a whole new era（时代）as China joined the World Trade Organization（WTO）. From 2001 to 2017, China’s average（平均）growth of the import（进口）of goods and services was more than twice the world’s average. 2008—2018：New Beginning Shanghai, a city of long-time business culture, is always a step ahead in China’s foreign trade. With the successful hosting of China’s first import expo（展览会）in November 2018, the city went on to develop China’s import business. The expo will be remembered as a new beginning for China’s import history. 1．Which picture shows the scene of China’s New Look? A． B． C． D． 2．Which of the following can be put in “1988—1998: ________”? A．West Meets East B．New Way of Living C．All Over the World D．Never Forget Old Times 3．What can we learn after China joined the WTO? A．Chinese people began to travel abroad. B．China grew very fast in its imports. C．China became more and more popular. D．Foreigners bought a lot of products from China. 4．When and where was China’s first import expo held? A．In Shanghai, in November, 2001. B．In Shenzhen, in November, 2001. C．In Shanghai, in November, 2018. D．In Shenzhen, in November, 2018. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了改革开放四十年来中国发生了的巨大变化。 1．细节理解题。根据“In front of an old-fashioned TV set, some Shanghainese gathered around to watch a TV show.”(一些上海人聚集在一台老式电视机前观看电视节目。)可知，此处A选项图片符合情景，故选A。 2．段落大意题。根据“In October 1990, the first McDonald’s on the Chinese mainland opened for business in Shenzhen. It quickly became the hottest tourist spot（旅游景点）. ‘Many Chinese customers waited in line and shouted to the shop assistant, ‘I want 10 Big Macs,’ ’recalled a waiter at McDonald’s at that time.’”可知，这段主要描述的是西方的食物进入中国。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“From 2001 to 2017, China’s average（平均）growth of the import（进口）of goods and services was more than twice the world’s average.”(从2001年到2017年，中国商品和服务进口的平均增长率是世界平均水平的两倍多。)可知中国的进口增长很快。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“With the successful hosting of China’s first import expo（展览会）in November 2018, the city went on to develop China’s import business.”(随着2018年11月中国首届进口博览会的成功举办，上海继续发展中国的进口业务。)可知，中国第一届进口博览会在2018年11月在上海举行。故选C。 能力综合实践5篇 （23-24八年级·江苏镇江·期末）Generation Zers (people born between 1995 and 2010) around the world are becoming more and more influential (有影响的). These Internet users are full of energy and ideas. To understand this group, the Generation Zers Research Center was set up by China Daily. People said that the center comes at the right time and can make a big difference to the world. To better understand Generation Zers, the center has carried out questionnaires and interviews with 3,000 young people in 50 countries and regions, including China, France, Egypt, South Korea, the UK and the US. The 2022 Global (全球的) Generation Zers Insights Report is the center’s first report. It paints a picture of a global Generation Zers, including how they see themselves, their thoughts on life and thoughts on global issues. For example, a Chinese schoolgirl made a video to talk about the Ukraine conflict (俄乌冲突) through the novel the Three Kingdoms, which she had been reading. The report found that Generation Zers share a strong willing to build a common future for humans. They are more able to voice their ideas. They believe that they have to work hard to succeed (成功). It also found that Generation Zers from foreign countries know more about China now and they like the country better. Amy Nicole, 24, a Tsinghua student from the United States, used to think that China was “so behind”. But after coming to the country, she was amazed by the old and the new. She said, “China is progressing fast, but has lots of history.” 1．According to. Paragraph 1, why was the Generation Zers Research Center set up? A．To make a big difference to the world. B．To understand Generation Zers. C．To help Generation Zers. D．To become more and more influential. 2．What does the underlined word “issues” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Serious problems. B．Beautiful stories. C．Important competitions. D．Good qualities. 3．The writer proves (证明) Generation Zers from foreign counties know more about China by ________. A．listing numbers B．offering reasons C．making charts D．giving examples 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The Generation Zers Research Center was set up. B．Questionnaires were carried out in many countries. C．Generation Zers are influencing (影响) the world. D．Generation Zers from foreign countries like China better. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了“Z世代”研究中心的建立及所取得的成果。 1．细节理解题。根据“To understand this group, the Generation Zers Research Center was set up by China Daily.”可知，这个中心成立的目的就是为了更好理解这一代人。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“global”以及“talk about the Ukraine conflict (俄乌冲突)”可知，此处指的是全球事件，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Amy Nicole, 24, a Tsinghua student from the United States, used to think that China was ‘so behind’. But after coming to the country, she was amazed by the old and the new. She said, ‘China is progressing fast, but has lots of history’”可知，作者用一位来自美国的清华大学生的例子来证明外国的Z世代人更了解中国。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“To understand this group, the Generation Zers Research Center was set up by China Daily. People said that the center comes at the right time and can make a big difference to the world.以及全文可知，文章主要讲述了“Z世代”研究中心的建立及所取得的成果。，所以A选项“Z世代研究中心被成立。”符合大意。故选A。 （23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中）Mike Moore has visited China more than 20 times since his first visit in 1984. In his eyes, the change of ways of transportation in Chinese cities could show the great changes that have taken place in the past years. “My first impression (印象) of China was: thousands of people in blue or green uniforms on bikes in the cities. About 15 years later, you saw many people on motors. Another five years later, you see more private (私人的) cars, in different colours,” he said. “Now you can see all kinds of cars in Chinese cities, no difference with other big cities in the world,” he added. “So first bikes, then motors, and now all kinds of cars, you can feel the great changes that have happened in China in the past few years,” said the former WTO chief. Moore described himself as a “China fan”. He said that Chinese people now became more confident (自信的), happier and healthier than before and the environment quality in big cities has been improved. He believed that China will be stronger in the world in the future. 1．When did Mike Moor visit China for the first time? A．In 1984. B．30 years ago. C．In 1994. D．In 2004. 2．What’s Mike Moore’s first impression when he first came to China? A．Thousands of people rode motors on the road. B．There were no cars at all on the road. C．Many people rode bikes on the road. D．Different kinds of cars were on the road. 3．From Mike Moore’s words we know that he ________. A．doesn’t like China at all B．likes China C．lives in China now D．is going to work for China soon 4．The underlined word “transportation” most probably means “________”. A．translation B．direction C．traffic D．fantastic 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章中外国人迈克摩尔讲述了中国这些年发生的巨大的改变。 1．细节理解题。根据“Mike Moore has visited China more than 20 times since his first visited in 1984.”可知，他第一次访华是1984年。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“My first impression (印象) of China was: thousands of people in blue or green uniforms on bikes in the cities.”可知，迈克摩尔对中国的第一印象是很多人骑自行车。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Moore described himself as a ‘China fan’.”以及“He said that Chinese people now became more confident (自信的), happier and healthier than before and the environment quality in big cities has been improved.”可知，他很喜欢中国。故选B。 4．词义猜测题。根据划线词后说的“My first impression…on bikes in the cities.”；“About 15 years later, you saw many people on motors.” 以及“Another five years later, you see more private (私人的) cars, in different colours”可知，后文对人们出行的交通方式进行了补充说明，因此划线词是“交通”。故选C。 （23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）Many of you maybe had this experience: you get on a train and are ready to take a nap or read a book, only to find that the young man in front of you is watching a TV show on his smartphone without headphones. The child next to you won’t stop crying. And the old lady behind you talks on her phone during the whole trip. Wish the train could be less noisy? The Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, one of China’s busiest high-speed rail lines, will have “quiet” carriages (车厢) starting from 23 December, Xinhua reported. In quiet carriages, on-board videos will be muted (静音) and announcements will be made lower. Doors at the ends of the carriages will be kept closed to reduce noise from other carriages, CGTN noted. Train attendants will be responsible for making sure that passengers keep quiet and follow the rules. Passengers who are willing to obey the rules can choose the quiet carriages when booking their tickets, according to China’s national railway operator. Some people have pointed out that this kind of quiet environment should be offered in all carriages. They say that having quiet carriages might give people the impression that they don’t need to be quiet in non-quiet carriages. Some Internet users uphold the new service (服务), but it also has discussion about just how quiet travellers should be in quiet carriages. Many people have asked questions such as “What if I snore (打鼾)?” and “Can we talk to our travel companions (同伴) if we need to?” 1．How will quiet carriages work? A．Passengers won’t be allowed to watch videos. B．Train attendants won’t make any announcements. C．No one will make sure passengers follow the rules. D．The doors at the ends of carriages will stay closed. 2．What does the underlined word “uphold” in the last paragraph mean? A．protect B．support C．improve D．dislike 3．What do we know from the last two paragraphs? A．The rules should be made clearer. B．Most people don’t like the service. C．The service is better for travelling with friends. D．It’s easy to make all the carriages completely quiet. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了乘坐火车时，火车上有时很吵，针对这一现象，京沪高铁设置了静音车厢，并制定了一些规则，但不同的网友对规则的看法不同。 1．细节理解题。根据“Doors at the ends of the carriages will be kept closed to reduce noise from other carriages, CGTN noted.”可知，在静音车厢，车厢两端的车门将一直关闭。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Some Internet users uphold the new service (服务), but it also has discussion about just how quiet travellers should be in quiet carriages.”可知，一些网民支持这项新服务。“uphold”的含义为“支持”，与support同义。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“it also has discussion about just how quiet travellers should be in quiet carriages”和“Many people have asked questions such as ‘What if I snore (打鼾)?’ and ‘Can we talk to our travel companions (同伴) if we need to?’”可知，人们对在静音车厢应保持多安静存在疑问，由此推知，静音车厢的使用规则应该更加明确。故选A。 （23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）Improvements in technology often happen overnight. Some gadgets get smaller and faster. Others are replaced (代替) by newer things like smartphones. Here are some old gadgets that people used to use. ① Do you have a landline at home? These are phones that people plug (插入) into their living room walls. Mobile phones didn’t use to be so popular at that time, so most families had a landline. But landlines only worked at home. What did people do when they were outside and needed to call someone? They looked for a pay phone! Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines. ② People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards. But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks. The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful—each disk could store just 175 KB of information! Later, floppy disks got smaller and better. But even the best ones could only hold 1.44 MB．You would need three or four disks just for one song, and about 22,000 disks to match the storage (储存空间) available on a 32 GB phone! ③ It’s easy to take photos today. People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to cost much, and people took fewer of them. To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film. This allowed you to take up to 30 photos. After finishing the roll, you left it at a shop. The shop developed the photos to make them be seen, which you could collect after a few days. Technology changes all the time, and the gadgets we use today will one day be old. What do you think will be next to disappear (消失)? 1．What is the title of each paragraph? a. Goodbye Disks         b. Music to my Ears     c. Picture This d. Call Me         e. Film Development A．①—d; ②—b; ③—e B．①—d; ②—a; ③—c C．①—c; ②—a; ③—b D．①—c; ②—b; ③—e 2．What can we get from the passage? A．No homes had landlines now. B．Floppy disks could store much information. C．You could take 40 photos with a roll of film. D．The improvements in technology change people’s life. 3．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Changing Phones B．The Gadgets of Tomorrow C．The Gadgets We are Using D．The Tools We Used to Use 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们过去常用的旧工具。 1．最佳标题题。根据“Do you have a landline at home?”可知，①段介绍固定电话，是用来通话的，用“Call Me”做标题；根据“People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards. But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks.”可知，②段讲述以前用过的软盘，用“Goodbye Disks”做标题；根据“It’s easy to take photos today...To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film.”可知，③段介绍拍照工具，用“Picture This”做标题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“Improvements in technology often happen overnight.”和“Technology changes all the time, and the gadgets we use today will one day be old.”可知，全文通过讲述过去和现在常用工具的对比，阐述科技的进步改变了人们的生活。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。根据“Here are some old gadgets that people used to use.”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人们过去常用的工具，D选项“我们过去使用的工具”符合文章内容。故选D。 （23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末） Driverless cars can operate (运行) without a human driver, thanks to high technology (技术). They can communicate with each other and change their speed and direction as needed, possibly improving traffic and even making traffic lights needless. However, there are still worries about whether (是否) driverless cars are safe for everyone on the road. Even though they use smart technology to avoid dangers and control the car, they’re not perfect yet. In a recent London test, a driver had to take control twice to avoid accidents. There are a lot of challenges (挑战) that need to be solved before we see traffic lights disappear. One of these challenges is to solve many safety and technical problems if driverless cars operate on the roads regularly. Driverless cars need sensors (传感器), cameras, and computer systems to operate. However, making these systems work effectively in all weather and road conditions is challenging. People have mixed feelings about driverless cars. Some people, like the former transport secretary Grant Schapps, believes they could be a big event if we can make them work safely. But some feel uncomfortable with the idea, and most want them to be clearly marked (标记) on the road. Experts (专家) think we might need new road signs just for driverless cars because they may have difficulty moving through the roads with heavy traffic or unexpected situations. In short, while driverless cars offer exciting possibilities, we must solve many problems before they become common on our roads. 1．What do people worry about driverless cars? A．Size. B．Price. C．Safety. D．Look. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Ways to control driverless cars. B．The good points of driverless cars. C．Technology used in driverless cars. D．Problems faced by driverless cars. 3．According to the experts, we need to ________. A．add traffic lights. B．build more parking spaces. C．build more roads only for driverless cars. D．add new road signs. 4．Which could be the best title? A．Can Driverless Cars Avoid Traffic Problems? B．What do Driverless Cars Look Like in the Future? C．Are Driverless Cars Safe Enough on the Roads? D．Does Everyone Expect to Buy Driverless Cars? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要就无人驾驶汽车是否安全进行了讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, there are still worries about whether (是否) driverless cars are safe for everyone on the road.”可知，人们担心无人驾驶汽车的安全性。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“There are a lot of challenges (挑战) that need to be solved before we see traffic lights disappear.”可知，第三段主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车面临的问题。故选D。 3．细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Experts (专家) think we might need new road signs just for driverless cars because they may have difficulty moving through the roads with heavy traffic or unexpected situations.”可知，专家建议设置新的路标。故选D。 4．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要就无人驾驶汽车是否安全进行了讨论，故选C。 20 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 21 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年一线教师制作同步精品系列资料，已编校！ 2024-2025学年一线教师制作同步精品系列资料，已编校！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit1 Past and present 单元主题（时代变迁）阅读理解15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 （23-24八年级·江苏淮安·期末）   As Chinese, we feel lucky. These years, China is getting better and better. Let’s see some numbers about China’s achievements. 98%: In China, all schools in the country have the Internet. Over 98% of the students can have classes in multimedia (多媒体) classrooms. 170: May 10th is China Brand (品牌) Day. Chinese brands are very popular in our country and even other countries. Over 170 countries use Chinese communication equipment. And many of them think that Chinese equipment is very good. 160,000: China has the world’s largest expressway network (高速公路网). It’s about 160,000 kilometers long in all at the end of 2020. 13,700,000,000: China’s “Sky Eye”, the world’s largest single-aperture radiotelescope (单孔射电望远镜), opened to the world on March 31st, 2021. It can see things about 13.7 billion light years away. These are small parts of China. Come on, China! 1．What do all the schools have in China? A．The Internet. B．China brands. C．Multimedia classrooms. D．A single-aperture radio telescope. 2．When did China’s “Sky Eye” open to the world? A．On May 10th. B．On March 31st. C．On May 31st. D．On March 10th. 3．This passage is mainly from a ________. A．news website B．history book C．sports report D．science magazine （23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）I get up early in the morning. The curtain opens itself. The speaker starts to tell me about the weather and air quality today. Vroom, vroom. A self-driving taxi sends me to school. It comes on time and it’s very quiet. I scan my face when I get to the school gate. Look at my exercise book. In my class, each student finishes different exercises. They include the questions that we often get wrong. After school, Dad takes me to the city park. There were many cars on the road and the light stays green. Thanks to the smart traffic lights, we passed the crossings smoothly. Before getting to the park, Dad checks the online maps to find a free parking space. Then the map guides us there. In the park we jog on the smart lane (跑道). The lane records all our sports data such as our heartbeat (心跳), calories and how far we run. It’s getting dark and we are on our way home. The street lights turn on themselves. When there are few people around, they become less bright. 1．How does the writer go to school according the passage? A．On foot. B．By bike. C．By self-driving car. D．By self-driving taxi. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the third paragraph? A．The exercise books. B．The questions. C．The students. D．The exercises. 3．What is the best title for this passage? A．My school life. B．Changes to the city. C．A day in a smart city. D．Travel around the city. （21-22八年级下·江苏徐州·期末）Sunshine Village was once a poor village in Northern China, but now it has changed into a rich and livable place. In the past, people in Sunshine Village had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. “In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can’t we? Nobody was born to be poor. “The villagers decided to make a difference. They carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. They opened lots of land for growing crops and set up some factories. Their lives were greatly improved. However, the village faced a new problem twenty years later. Pollution was a problem then. The leaders of the village decided to take action to improve the situation. Some polluting factories were shut down. Villagers started to grow grapes and melons. They soon became a main industry（产业）in Sunshine Village. The village started a yearly tourism festival in 2016. Many travelers come to pick grapes and melons. “The grapes and melons could be sold at a better price, once Sunshine Village becomes famous through this festival. We can then live even better lives, “the villagers said with a smile. 1．Where can we probably read the passage? A．In a story book. B．In a sports magazine. C．In a novel. D．In a newspaper. 2．What are the people in Sunshine Village like according to the passage? A．Generous. B．Kind-hearted. C．Humorous. D．Hard-working. 3．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Polluting factories. B．Grapes and melons. C．Clothes factories. D．High mountains. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Ways of becoming rich. B．The story of Yu Gong. C．Changes to Sunshine Village. D．Sunshine Tourism Festival. （23-24八年级下·浙江舟山·期末） Victor’s ProjectAs part of my history project(课题) on transport, I asked some people in my neighborhood. The first one was my friend Susan’s grandmother, Mrs. Sanderson. Question 1 How did you get to school when you were young? I walked to school with my friends. But on Fridays when we had to carry all of our things for school sports, we caught the bus. I enjoyed walking because we could chat on the way. I didn’t like it when it was raining though, but Mum always made sure I wore raincoat and gumboots. On the other hand, I became a strong walker, and I believe that’s why I’ve been healthy all my life. Question 2 My parents drive me to school. Why didn’t you go to school by car? You know, we were not rich enough at that time. We didn’t have much money to buy a car until after I had finished school. Question 3 How did you get around when you weren’t going to school? We often went for a family trip by train. Most weekends we went on picnics and I loved playing with my cousins in the park. The trip took much longer than it took by car today of course. Question 4 How do you get around now? I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast. 1．Victor asks Question 4 to get information about Mrs. Sanderson’s _________. A．lifestyle now B．lovely grandchildren C．family life D．memories of school 2．In all of her answers, Mrs. Sanderson talks about ________. A．her parents B．her favorite activities C．kinds of transport D．places she has visited 3．What do we know about Mrs. Sanderson according to the passage? A．She used to drive to school on wet days. B．She couldn’t answer all Victor’s questions. C．She didn’t like walking to school when young. D．She finds it quicker to get to places these days. 4．The best title of Victor’s finished project is probably ________. A．The life of Mrs. Sanderson B．How Travelling Has Changed C．People in My Neighborhood D．The Importance of Driving Cars （23-24八年级下·辽宁朝阳·期末）Nowadays, the transportation is more and more convenient (方便的) for people. There are many ways of transportation you can choose (选择). Many people like to travel by plane, but I don’t like it because an airport is usually far from the city. You have to get there early and wait for hours for the plane to take off (起飞) and it is often late. You can’t open the windows. You can’t choose the food. Planes are fast but people still need hours to go out of the airport and into the city. I like traveling by train. I think trains are safe. Railway stations are usually in cities. When you are late for a train, you can catch another one. You can walk around on the train and open the windows. It takes a little more time, but you can see many interesting things on your way. I also like cars. You can start your journey (旅行) when you want to, and you don’t need to get to a railway station or a bus stop. Also, you can carry many things with you in a car. But sometimes there are too many cars on the road. In fact, the choice (选择) of transportation depends on (取决于) your need. 1．The writer doesn’t like to travel by plane because  _______. A．the airport is far from the city B．it’s very fast C．the cost is too high D．it’s not safe 2．Which is NOT the good thing about the train? _______ A．It is safe and convenient. B．It takes a little more time. C．You can open the windows. D．You can walk around on the train. 3．Which is the structure (结构) of the passage? _______ A． B． C． D． 4．What does the writer mainly (主要地) tell us in this passage? _______ A．He likes to drive a car because it’s safe. B．Choosing transportation depends on people’s need. C．It takes a lot of time to go into and get out of the airport. D．He likes to take a train because it takes a little more time. 进阶拓展训练5篇 （23-24八年级下·天津红桥·期末）Someone writes a letter, puts the letter into an envelope (信封) and posts it through a mailbox. Maybe we often see such a scene in movies. However, we seldom see it in our everyday life now. Now we hardly use mailboxes to post letters. We usually write and send emails instead of letters. Sending emails is much faster than sending letters. Therefore, mailboxes are old and out-of-date. Then some old mailboxes have a new use. In some cities in Argentina, people use old mailboxes as rubbish cans (垃圾箱). They throw rubbish into the old mailboxes. Some people think it’s a good idea, but some people have a different idea. They don’t want to throw rubbish into the old mailboxes. They want more children to remember old mailboxes. They try to repair these old mailboxes. They think people should protect the old mailboxes. 1．Now we send emails instead of letters because sending emails is ________. A．harder B．faster C．slower D．quieter 2．The underlined word “out-of-date” in Paragraph 3 means ________ in Chinese. A．崭新的 B．便捷的 C．流行的 D．过时的 3．Now some people in Argentina ________. A．post letters through mailboxes B．post books through mailboxes C．throw rubbish into mailboxes D．throw newspapers into mailboxes 4．What can we know from the passage? A．Now Iots of people still use mailboxes to post letters. B．Some people try to repair and protect old mailboxes. C．All people think it’s a good idea to use old mailboxes as rubbish cans. D．People in Argentina want more children to forget old mailboxes. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Old Mallboxes in Movies or Books B．Some Reasons for Sending Emails C．Different Ways of Posting Letters D．Different Ideas about Old Mailboxes （23-24八年级下·广东汕头·期末）A team of students at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands has designed and built a solar-powered car, which is completely powered by the sun. Over the last year, thirty students between the ages of 21 and 25 took a year off from the university to work on developing the car used for travel off the public road. The car, called Stella Terra, is the first solar-powered car that can travel off-road for long distances without needing a recharging (充电) station. Like most electric cars, Stella Terra stores energy in a battery (电池). Thanks to its powerful solar panels (控制板) and its battery, when it’s sunny, the car can run for 440 miles (710 kilometers) a day. Stella Terra can carry two people, and has a top speed of 90 mph (145 kph). The car weighs just 2,600 pounds (1,200 kilograms). That’s about two-thirds the weight of a typical car. On the bottom, the team designed a system to help the car deal with the hits and heavy shaking that come when driving over rough (凹凸不平的) surfaces. The team recently took the car on its biggest test—a challenging 620-mile (1,000-kilometer) test drive across Morocco. The car had to travel through forests as well as dry riverbeds. It had to drive across loose desert sand and up steep mountain trails. The car succeeded in doing all of this— and all without ever stopping at a charging station. The team is very proud of their car, but they won’t be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas. In fact, they hope that Stella Terra will help give car companies good ideas to work on similar projects. 1．How old are the students that have designed and built a solar-powered car? A．21 years old. B．Between 21 and 25 years old. C．25 years old. D．Between 25 and 30 years old. 2．What does the underlined word “solar-powered” in Paragraph l mean? A．电能的 B．太阳能的 C．汽油的 D．新能源的 3．What do the underline phrases “its biggest test” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．A 440-mile-a-day test drive. B．A 620-mile test drive across Morocco. C．A speed test drive off the public road. D．A power test drive across Morocco. 4．Why won’t the team be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas? A．Because they hope Stella Terra will help car companies to work well on similar projects. B．Because they hope car companies will ask them to work on the similar projects. C．Because they are very proud of Stella Terra, which was designed by themselves. D．Because the car has succeeded in the biggest test drive across Morocco. 5．In what part of the newspaper can we see this passage? A．Science and technology. B．Nature and geography. C．Society and culture. D．Sports and health. （23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期中）Villages in China have enjoyed their development in a digital (数字) way in recent years. With the help of digital technology (技术), villagers are living an easier and happier life. Farming in the past was not an easy job. Farmers worked hard all year round. At the same time, they usually found it difficult to solve problems like plant diseases and pest (害虫). Now, there have been big changes in farming. For example, in Dayi County, Sichuan Province, AI machines help local farmers know when and how to fertilize (施肥) and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy. Thanks to the Internet, a new business called rural e-commerce (乡村电子商务) grows. Selling fresh fruit and vegetables to cities is faster. The business also helps villagers live a digital life. They can get many things done on different kinds of apps. They can also use drones to help with their farm work. More visitors travel in beautiful villages because of digital technology. A good example is Huacheng Town, Guangdong Province. Visitors can know where to park their cars for free, when to book a ticket easily and what to buy online. They can also enjoy the view of nearly every part of the town by using VR. 1．According to Paragraph 2, we know AI machines can help farmers ________. A．water the crops B．harvest the crops C．know when and where to fertilize D．save time and energy on farming 2．What is the structure of this passage? (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． D． 3．What is the best title of this passage? A．Better village life. B．Tourism in villages. C．The digital technology. D．A new business in villages. （23-24八年级下·江苏南通·阶段练习）Cameron Patterson, a British student, spent his childhood in China. He has seen many great changes in the country over the past 15 years, especially trains. At the age of 8, Patterson moved from Wales to join his father in Shanxi. In the following years, he and his parents lived in a few cities. They also travelled a lot during holidays. However, traveling itself wasn’t always relaxing. When his family moved from Jiangsu to Guangdong, they took the old green train and spent one and a half days on the trip. Now with high-speed train, life become much easier. Long and boring trips in the past have become shorter. Also, the modern trains are more comfortable. “A coin (硬币) wouldn’t move at all on the table of a fast moving train.” He said excitedly. Patterson was glad to see these changes in China, but he also wondered how they happened. When he read a poem about China’s role model (榜样) Jiao Yulu in 2015, he got the answer. Jiao was seriously ill at that time, but still kept working to help people till the end of his life. Jiao devoted (献身) himself to improving people’s life. “He was really great. I learn a lot from him,” said Patterson. Patterson now works as a Confucius Institute volunteer at Lancaster University. “I’m proud to act as a bridge between the UK and China and help the two peoples know about each other’s cultures better.” 1．From the first two paragraphs, what do we know about Patterson? A．He moved to China at an early age. B．He didn’t feel any changes in China. C．He took great interest in China’s history. D．He was always excited when taking the old green train. 2．The writer shows the modern trains are more comfortable by _______. A．playing a trick B．asking a question C．giving an example D．showing a picture 3．Why does Patterson mention (提及) the story of Jiao Yulu? A．To ask readers to study harder. B．To tell readers to read poems. C．To make foreign readers learn Chinese. D．To show that people like him help China become stronger. 4．According to the passage, we can infer Patterson __________. A．wants more people to travel around the world B．enjoy acting as a bridge between the UK and China C．thinks it is useless to learn cultures of other countries D．feels happy to live in China with more people from the UK （23-24八年级下·江苏南通·阶段练习）It has been forty years since China’s Reform and Opening-up（改革开放）. Let’s see how China has changed through the years. 1978—1988: New Look In a 1978 Japanese documentary（记录片）China’s New Look, there was a scene showing Chinese people’ life back then. In front of an old-fashioned TV set, some Shanghainese gathered around to watch a TV show. In 1981, only one out of every 170 city families in China had a color TV. 1988—1998: ________ In October 1990, the first McDonald’s on the Chinese mainland opened for business in Shenzhen. It quickly became the hottest tourist spot（旅游景点）. Many Chinese customers waited in line and shouted to the shop assistant, “I want 10 Big Macs,” recalled a waiter at McDonald’s at that time. 1998—2008: Here Comes WTO For many Chinese, the year 2001 was very unforgettable. It marked the start of a new millennium（一千年）and led to a whole new era（时代）as China joined the World Trade Organization（WTO）. From 2001 to 2017, China’s average（平均）growth of the import（进口）of goods and services was more than twice the world’s average. 2008—2018：New Beginning Shanghai, a city of long-time business culture, is always a step ahead in China’s foreign trade. With the successful hosting of China’s first import expo（展览会）in November 2018, the city went on to develop China’s import business. The expo will be remembered as a new beginning for China’s import history. 1．Which picture shows the scene of China’s New Look? A． B． C． D． 2．Which of the following can be put in “1988—1998: ________”? A．West Meets East B．New Way of Living C．All Over the World D．Never Forget Old Times 3．What can we learn after China joined the WTO? A．Chinese people began to travel abroad. B．China grew very fast in its imports. C．China became more and more popular. D．Foreigners bought a lot of products from China. 4．When and where was China’s first import expo held? A．In Shanghai, in November, 2001. B．In Shenzhen, in November, 2001. C．In Shanghai, in November, 2018. D．In Shenzhen, in November, 2018. 能力综合实践5篇 （23-24八年级·江苏镇江·期末）Generation Zers (people born between 1995 and 2010) around the world are becoming more and more influential (有影响的). These Internet users are full of energy and ideas. To understand this group, the Generation Zers Research Center was set up by China Daily. People said that the center comes at the right time and can make a big difference to the world. To better understand Generation Zers, the center has carried out questionnaires and interviews with 3,000 young people in 50 countries and regions, including China, France, Egypt, South Korea, the UK and the US. The 2022 Global (全球的) Generation Zers Insights Report is the center’s first report. It paints a picture of a global Generation Zers, including how they see themselves, their thoughts on life and thoughts on global issues. For example, a Chinese schoolgirl made a video to talk about the Ukraine conflict (俄乌冲突) through the novel the Three Kingdoms, which she had been reading. The report found that Generation Zers share a strong willing to build a common future for humans. They are more able to voice their ideas. They believe that they have to work hard to succeed (成功). It also found that Generation Zers from foreign countries know more about China now and they like the country better. Amy Nicole, 24, a Tsinghua student from the United States, used to think that China was “so behind”. But after coming to the country, she was amazed by the old and the new. She said, “China is progressing fast, but has lots of history.” 1．According to. Paragraph 1, why was the Generation Zers Research Center set up? A．To make a big difference to the world. B．To understand Generation Zers. C．To help Generation Zers. D．To become more and more influential. 2．What does the underlined word “issues” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Serious problems. B．Beautiful stories. C．Important competitions. D．Good qualities. 3．The writer proves (证明) Generation Zers from foreign counties know more about China by ________. A．listing numbers B．offering reasons C．making charts D．giving examples 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The Generation Zers Research Center was set up. B．Questionnaires were carried out in many countries. C．Generation Zers are influencing (影响) the world. D．Generation Zers from foreign countries like China better. （23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中）Mike Moore has visited China more than 20 times since his first visit in 1984. In his eyes, the change of ways of transportation in Chinese cities could show the great changes that have taken place in the past years. “My first impression (印象) of China was: thousands of people in blue or green uniforms on bikes in the cities. About 15 years later, you saw many people on motors. Another five years later, you see more private (私人的) cars, in different colours,” he said. “Now you can see all kinds of cars in Chinese cities, no difference with other big cities in the world,” he added. “So first bikes, then motors, and now all kinds of cars, you can feel the great changes that have happened in China in the past few years,” said the former WTO chief. Moore described himself as a “China fan”. He said that Chinese people now became more confident (自信的), happier and healthier than before and the environment quality in big cities has been improved. He believed that China will be stronger in the world in the future. 1．When did Mike Moor visit China for the first time? A．In 1984. B．30 years ago. C．In 1994. D．In 2004. 2．What’s Mike Moore’s first impression when he first came to China? A．Thousands of people rode motors on the road. B．There were no cars at all on the road. C．Many people rode bikes on the road. D．Different kinds of cars were on the road. 3．From Mike Moore’s words we know that he ________. A．doesn’t like China at all B．likes China C．lives in China now D．is going to work for China soon 4．The underlined word “transportation” most probably means “________”. A．translation B．direction C．traffic D．fantastic （23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）Many of you maybe had this experience: you get on a train and are ready to take a nap or read a book, only to find that the young man in front of you is watching a TV show on his smartphone without headphones. The child next to you won’t stop crying. And the old lady behind you talks on her phone during the whole trip. Wish the train could be less noisy? The Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, one of China’s busiest high-speed rail lines, will have “quiet” carriages (车厢) starting from 23 December, Xinhua reported. In quiet carriages, on-board videos will be muted (静音) and announcements will be made lower. Doors at the ends of the carriages will be kept closed to reduce noise from other carriages, CGTN noted. Train attendants will be responsible for making sure that passengers keep quiet and follow the rules. Passengers who are willing to obey the rules can choose the quiet carriages when booking their tickets, according to China’s national railway operator. Some people have pointed out that this kind of quiet environment should be offered in all carriages. They say that having quiet carriages might give people the impression that they don’t need to be quiet in non-quiet carriages. Some Internet users uphold the new service (服务), but it also has discussion about just how quiet travellers should be in quiet carriages. Many people have asked questions such as “What if I snore (打鼾)?” and “Can we talk to our travel companions (同伴) if we need to?” 1．How will quiet carriages work? A．Passengers won’t be allowed to watch videos. B．Train attendants won’t make any announcements. C．No one will make sure passengers follow the rules. D．The doors at the ends of carriages will stay closed. 2．What does the underlined word “uphold” in the last paragraph mean? A．protect B．support C．improve D．dislike 3．What do we know from the last two paragraphs? A．The rules should be made clearer. B．Most people don’t like the service. C．The service is better for travelling with friends. D．It’s easy to make all the carriages completely quiet. （23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）Improvements in technology often happen overnight. Some gadgets get smaller and faster. Others are replaced (代替) by newer things like smartphones. Here are some old gadgets that people used to use. ① Do you have a landline at home? These are phones that people plug (插入) into their living room walls. Mobile phones didn’t use to be so popular at that time, so most families had a landline. But landlines only worked at home. What did people do when they were outside and needed to call someone? They looked for a pay phone! Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines. ② People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards. But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks. The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful—each disk could store just 175 KB of information! Later, floppy disks got smaller and better. But even the best ones could only hold 1.44 MB．You would need three or four disks just for one song, and about 22,000 disks to match the storage (储存空间) available on a 32 GB phone! ③ It’s easy to take photos today. People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to cost much, and people took fewer of them. To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film. This allowed you to take up to 30 photos. After finishing the roll, you left it at a shop. The shop developed the photos to make them be seen, which you could collect after a few days. Technology changes all the time, and the gadgets we use today will one day be old. What do you think will be next to disappear (消失)? 1．What is the title of each paragraph? a. Goodbye Disks         b. Music to my Ears     c. Picture This d. Call Me         e. Film Development A．①—d; ②—b; ③—e B．①—d; ②—a; ③—c C．①—c; ②—a; ③—b D．①—c; ②—b; ③—e 2．What can we get from the passage? A．No homes had landlines now. B．Floppy disks could store much information. C．You could take 40 photos with a roll of film. D．The improvements in technology change people’s life. 3．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Changing Phones B．The Gadgets of Tomorrow C．The Gadgets We are Using D．The Tools We Used to Use （23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末） Driverless cars can operate (运行) without a human driver, thanks to high technology (技术). They can communicate with each other and change their speed and direction as needed, possibly improving traffic and even making traffic lights needless. However, there are still worries about whether (是否) driverless cars are safe for everyone on the road. Even though they use smart technology to avoid dangers and control the car, they’re not perfect yet. In a recent London test, a driver had to take control twice to avoid accidents. There are a lot of challenges (挑战) that need to be solved before we see traffic lights disappear. One of these challenges is to solve many safety and technical problems if driverless cars operate on the roads regularly. Driverless cars need sensors (传感器), cameras, and computer systems to operate. However, making these systems work effectively in all weather and road conditions is challenging. People have mixed feelings about driverless cars. Some people, like the former transport secretary Grant Schapps, believes they could be a big event if we can make them work safely. But some feel uncomfortable with the idea, and most want them to be clearly marked (标记) on the road. Experts (专家) think we might need new road signs just for driverless cars because they may have difficulty moving through the roads with heavy traffic or unexpected situations. In short, while driverless cars offer exciting possibilities, we must solve many problems before they become common on our roads. 1．What do people worry about driverless cars? A．Size. B．Price. C．Safety. D．Look. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Ways to control driverless cars. B．The good points of driverless cars. C．Technology used in driverless cars. D．Problems faced by driverless cars. 3．According to the experts, we need to ________. A．add traffic lights. B．build more parking spaces. C．build more roads only for driverless cars. D．add new road signs. 4．Which could be the best title? A．Can Driverless Cars Avoid Traffic Problems? B．What do Driverless Cars Look Like in the Future? C．Are Driverless Cars Safe Enough on the Roads? D．Does Everyone Expect to Buy Driverless Cars? 10 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 15 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$