Unit 3（知识清单） -2024-2025学年英语六年级下册单元速记·巧练系列（译林版三起）

Unit 3 A healthy diet 知 识 归 纳 语音 字母组合 ou在单词中发/aʊ/音。例: shout, about, house, mouth, out 必记单词 四会 healthy健康的 diet饮食 need需要 三会 cola可乐 常考短语 need rice需要大米 every week每周 have to不得不 a lot of许多;大量 at a time 一次 too heavy太重 get out出去 have a rest休息一下 some meat一些肉 a healthy diet健康的饮食 like eating sweets喜欢吃甜食 drink a little water喝一点水 have a lot of rice吃许多米饭 only a little 只有一点儿 a few eggs 几个鸡蛋 have some porridge喝一些粥 take the big bag拿这个大袋子 steamed buns馒头;蒸包子 go to the supermarket 去超市 come with me 跟我来 take a small bottle拿一小瓶 drink too much cola喝太多可乐 be good for...对······有好处 必会句型 1.表达某人吃某物的句型：主语+ eat(s)/ have/ has+某物. 例：(1) They have some vegetables.他们吃一些蔬菜。 (2) He has a lot of rice.他吃了很多米饭。 (3) Yang Ling often has a lot of noodles for breakfast.杨玲早餐经常吃很多面条。 2.询问对方某餐吃什么的句型及其答语：—What do you have for...? —I have... 例: —What do you have for breakfast?你早餐吃什么? —I have some bread and milk.我吃一些面包,喝一些牛奶。 3.向别人请求吃喝某物的句型: Can I have+某物? 例: Mum, can I have some cola?妈妈,我能喝一些可乐吗? 核心语法 1.可数名词和不可数名词 2.部分表示数量的词的用法：常见表示数量的词有: a few, a little, some, many, much, a lot of 3.易错易混辨析：①错用fish后的be动词 ②混淆health与healthy的用法 ③混淆名词复数形式 考 点 速 记 [考点1] 可数名词和不可数名词 Mike likes eating sweets, cakes and ice cream. 迈克喜欢吃糖果、蛋糕和冰淇淋。 He does not like drinking water. 他不喜欢喝水。 一、可数名词： 1.概念：可数名词指的是可以用数目来计算，并且可以分成个体事物的名词。它通常分为个体名词与集体名词。 2.可数名词变复数的变化规则：★★★ (1)一般情况直接在可数名词后加-s，如：book→ books (2)以s,x, sh, ch 结尾的可数名词加-es，如：bus→ buses (3)以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的可数名词，把y变i加-es，如：family→ families (4)以f或 fe结尾的可数名词，把f 或 fe变 v,再加-es，如：knife→ knives (5)部分以o结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s，如：tomato→ tomatoes photo→ photos, zoo→zoos (6)不规则变化，如：man→men, child→children, foot→feet 二、不可数名词： 1.概念：不可数名词是不能以数目来计算的名词，分为物质名词和抽象名词。 2.注意：(1)不可数名词不能分成个体。没有单复数之分，前面不用不定冠词a/an，表达数量用“数词+量词(普通名词)+ of+不可数名词”的结构。例: a piece of paper (2)不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 3.特殊: (1)部分物质名词有时可用复数形式表示类别。例：waters，snows等。 (2)有些抽象名词也常用复数形式表示具体的事物。例: times, difficulties等。 提分练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I eat a few ________(tomato) every week. 2. We need a lot of ________(fruit) for the party. 3. There ________(be) any vegetables just now. 4. We have some ________(fish) for lunch. 5. There isn't ________(much) food in the fridge. 6. I want some ________(bread) for breakfast. 7. We have a few ________(potato) in the basket. 8. There ________(be) a lot of water in the river. 9. Mike has some ________(meat) and some ________(vegetable) for dinner. 提分练 二、单项选择。 ( )1. There isn't________ orange juice in the glass. A. few B. much C. many ( )2. There is ________ water in the bottle. A. a few B. a little C. many ( )3.—How much ________ do you want? —A little. A. tomatoes B. boxes C. ice cream ( )4.—How many ________ are there in the basket? —There are six. A. bread B. mangoes C. meat ( )5.—Do you need ________? —Yes. A. any rices B. any rice C. some rices [考点2] 部分表示数量的词的用法 He only drinks a little water every day. 他每天只喝一点点水。 For lunch and dinner, he has a lot of rice, some fish and some meat.午饭和晚饭，他吃很多米饭、一些鱼和一些肉。 a few、a little、some、many、much、a lot of、lots of这些词都可以放在名词的前面，用来表示数量。区别如下： 1. a few、many修饰可数名词复数,a few意为“几个”, 修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定，many意为“许多”。 例：(1)I have a few books.我有几本书。 (2)I have many books.我有很多书。 2. a little、much修饰不可数名词,a little 意为“一点儿”, 修饰不可数名词，表示肯定，much意为“许多”。 例：(1)I have a little money.我有一点儿钱。 (2)I have much money.我有很多钱。 3.既可以修饰可数名词复数又可以修饰不可数 名词的词: some、a lot of、lots of。some 意为“一些”,用于肯定句,或提建议的句子。a lot of =lots of,意为“许多”。 例：(1) There are some trees.有一些树。 (2) There are a lot of girls.= There are lots of girls.有许多女孩。 4.从量的多少来说： a little< some< much/a lot of/ lots of+不可数名词a few< some< many/a lot of/ lots of+可数名词复数 注意: 对可数名词的数量词提问时用 how many,不可数名词则用 how much。 提分练 一、选择合适的词填空。 1. There are a________(few/ little) mangoes in the box. 2. Nancy has ________(some/ many) milk and ________(some/a few) bread for breakfast. 3. We need ________(a lot of/a lot) vegetables for our heath. 4. There are ________(many/ much) tomatoes in the bag. 5. I drink ________(much / many) water because I'm thirsty. 6. There is ________(a little/a few) water in the bottle. 7. There is ________(many/ much) tomato soup on the table. 提分练 二、单项选择。 ( )1.—What is in the basket? —There is ________ meat. A. much B. many C. a few ( )2. My brother has ________ apples every day. A. a little B. much C. a few ( )3. Drinking too much cola is bad for you. What about ________ milk? A. some B. any C. many ( )4. We can eat ________ nice food for dinner. A. a lot of B. many C. a few ( )5. We ________ eat a lot of ________ .They're bad for us. A. should; sweet B. shouldn't; sweets C. should; sweets ( )6. There is ________ milk in the glass. A. a few B. a little C. a lot 提分练 三、按要求完成句子。 1. I have a little rice at a time.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ do you have at a time? 2. Mike has some bread for breakfast.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ does Mike ________ for breakfast? 3. Liu Tao has two apples every week.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ apples does Liu Tao have every week? [考点3] 易错易混辨析 ①错用fish后的be动词 【例题】单项选择。 ( )The river was dirty.There was a lot of rubbish in the water and the fish ________ dead. A.was B.were C.is ②混淆health与healthy的用法 【例题】单项选择。 ( )Don't eat too much sweet food.It's bad for your ________. A.healthily B.health C.healthy ③混淆名词复数形式 【例题】单项选择。 ( )They have some nice ________. A.photoes B.potato C.tomatoes 参考答案 [考点1] 可数名词和不可数名词 一、1. tomatoes 2. fruit 3. weren't 4. fish 5. much 6. bread 7. potatoes 8. is 9. meat; vegetables 二、1. B 解析： juice 为不可数名词, few 和 many 后面都加可数名词复数，故选B。 2. B 解析： water是不可数名词,要用a little修饰, 故选B。 3. C 解析： how much 后面加不可数名词,故选C。 4. B 解析： how many后面加可数名词复数,故选B。 5. B 解析： rice为不可数名词, 故选 B。 [考点2] 部分表示数量的词的用法 一、1. few 解析： mangoes是可数名词复数, a few修饰可数名词复数，故填 few。 2. some; some 解析： some可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，afew只能修饰可数名词复数，milk 为不可数名词，bread也为不可数名词。故都填 some。 3. a lot of 4. many 解析： tomatoes为可数名词复数, many 修饰可数名词复数，故填 many。 5. much 解析： water为不可数名词, much 修饰不可数名词，故填 much。 6. a little 解析： water为不可数名词, a little修饰不可数名词, 故填 a little。 7. much 解析： soup为不可数名词, much 修饰 不可数名词，故填 much。 二、1. A 解析： meat为不可数名词, many 和a few后面都加可数名词复数，故选 A。 2. C 解析： apples为可数名词复数, a few后面加可数名词复数，故选C。 3. A 解析： milk为不可数名词, 前用 some, 故选A。 4. A 解析： food在此处为不可数名词, many 和a few后面只能加可数名词复数，故选 A。 5. B 6. B 解析： milk为不可数名词, a little 修饰不可数名词，故选B。 三、1. How much rice 2. How much bread; have 3. How many [考点3] 易错易混辨析 ①错用fish后的be动词 【答案】B解析：本题句意为“这条河太脏了。水里有很多垃圾，鱼也死掉了”。本题中的fish指的是河里的鱼，表达的是复数的意思，并不是指鱼肉，因此谓语动词要用were,故选B。 ②混淆health与healthy的用法 【答案】B 解析：本题句意为“不要吃太多的甜食。这对你的健康不好”。your是形容词性物主代词，后面接名词。healthily是副词，意为“健康地”;health是名词，意为“健康”;healthy是形容词，意为“健康的”,故选B。 ③混淆名词复数形式 【答案】C 解析：photo、potato及tomato都是可数名词，在some(一些)后都要用其复数形式。potato与tomato的复数形式都是加-es,mango变为复数时也是同样的方法。但photo变为复数时，并不依照此方法，而是直接在词尾加-s,故选C。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$