内容正文:
04 数词(课件)
小学英语语法专项系列
(外研版三起)
什么是数词?
数词(Numerals,缩写num.)是表示数目的多少和事物的先后循序的词,分为基数词和序数词。
考试中我们经常会考关于数词的哪些知识点呢?
考点1: 基数词
基数词表示数目的多少。
基础知识梳理
1~12单独记:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve
知识拓展
数字0的英文表达为zero。
13~19词尾都是teen:
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen
13 three→thir+teen=thirteen
15 five→fif+teen=fifteen
18 eight+een=eighteen
知识拓展13、15、18 特殊记
20~99的表达:
(1)整十数的表达整十数都是以ty结尾,其中20、30、40、50、80的写法需要特殊记忆。
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
(2)非整十数的表达
非整十数用“整十数+个位数”表达,十位数和个位数之间要加连词符。
22 twenty-two 33 thirty-three 59 fifty-nine55 fifty-five 46 forty-six 99 ninety-nine
100~999的表达:
(1)整百数的表达
在英语中,“百”的表达为hundred,整百数由1~9对应的基数词加hundred构成。100 one hundred 200 two hundred
300 three hundred 500 five hundred
800 eight hundred 900 nine hundred
(2)非整百数的表达
非整百数用“整百数+整十数+个位数”表达,百位数和十位数之间要用and连接,如果十位数为0,百位数和个位数之间用and连接。
320 three hundred and twenty
524 five hundred and twenty-four
201 two hundred and one
1000以上的表达:
在英语中,“千”的表达为thousand,“百万”的表达为million,“十亿”的表达为billion。1000及以上的数用阿拉伯数字表达时,从右到左每三位数之间用逗号隔开。
一千 1,000 one thousand
一万 10,000 ten thousand
十万 100,000 one hundred thousand
一百万 1,000,000 one million
一千万 10,000,000 ten million
一亿 100,000,000 one hundred million
十亿 1,000,000,000 one billion
1,234,567,891
试着读一读下面的数字吧!
十二亿三千四百五十六万七千八百九十一
one billion two hundred and thirty-four million five thousand and sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety-one
巧记方法
后面有三个0,是thousand; 如6,000 six thousand 六千后面有六个0,是million; 如5,000,000 five million 五百万后面有九个0,是billion。 如1,000,000,000 a billion 十亿
知识拓展
(1) hundred, thousand, million, billion 前面有具体的数字时,后面不加s;
(2) 表示大概数字时词尾要加s,
如:hundreds of(数以百计);thousands of(数以千计)。
(3) 在英语里没有“万”,万的表示方法:
一万 ten thousand; 六十万 sixty thousand。
【例1】
( ) There are _________ minutes in an hour.(单选题)
A. twelve B. sixty C.thirty
经典例题
B
【例2】
Mr Brown lives on the _____________ (twenty-two) floor.
(用所给单词的适当形式填空)
经典例题
twenty-second
即学即练(一)
一、选择题。
( ) 1.She is singing the song for ______.
A.one time B.three times C.the third time
( ) 2.—Is it half past four?
—Yes, it’s ________. It's time to go home.
A. B. C.
C
C
A.
( ) 3.two + five =______
A.one B.fine C.seven
( ) 4.—When are we going to eat?
—______.
A.At half past twelve. B.At half past eleven. C.At twelve.
( ) 5.Helen Keller lived to be ______.
A.eighty-seven B.sixty-seven C.seventy-two
C
B
A
( ) 6.Sam is playing the piano for the _______.
A.one time B.two times C.second time
( ) 7.—What’s fifty plus forty? —It’s ________.
A.nineteen B.ninety C.ten
( ) 8.Fifty and forty is _______.
A.sixty B.seventy C.ninety
C
B
C
( ) 9.There are _______ in the park.
A.six man B.six men C.a man
( ) 10.The half of eighty is _______.
A.fifty B.forty C.thirty
B
B
二、数字知多少。下图是乐乐的采购单,请你根据采购单上的内容写出相应的英文数字。
1.
采购单
香蕉 6根
苹果 5个
梨 3个
鸡蛋 12个
2.
3.
4.
考点2: 序数词
表示先后顺序的词叫序数词。
基础知识梳理
1、2、3 特殊记:“第一”到“第三”的表达
第一 first 1st
第二 second 2nd
第三 third 3rd
“第四”到“第十九”的表达
序数词 缩写 序数词 缩写
第四 fourth 4th 第十二 twelfth 12th
第五 fifth 5th 第十三 thirteenth 13th
第六 sixth 6th 第十四 fourteenth 14th
第七 seventh 7th 第十五 fifteenth 15th
第八 eighth 8th 第十六 sixteenth 16th
第九 ninth 9th 第十七 seventeenth 17th
第十 tenth 10th 第十八 eighteenth 18th
第十一 eleventh 11th 第十九 nineteenth 19th
“第二十”到“第九十九”的表达
(1)整十序数词的表达
整十序数词将对应基数词词尾的y变为ie,再加th。
序数词 缩写 序数词 缩写
第二十 twentieth 20th 第六十 sixtieth 60th
第三十 thirtieth 30th 第七十 seventieth 70th
第四十 fortieth 40th 第八十 eightieth 80th
第五十 fiftieth 50th 第九十 ninetieth 90th
(2)非整十序数词的表达
非整十序数词的十位数仍用基数词,个位数用相应的序数词,十位数和个位数之间用连字符。
序数词 缩写 序数词 缩写
第二十一 twenty-first 21st 第三十二 thirty-second 32nd
第五十三 fifty-third 53rd 第九十九 ninety-ninth 99th
“第一百”及以上的表达
“第一百”及以上的序数词的表达是将结尾部分对应的基数词改为序数词。
序数词 缩写
第一百 one hundredth 100th
第一千 one thousandth 1,000th
第一百万 one millionth 1,000,000th
第三百二十一 three hundred and twenty first 321st
第二百零六 two hundred and sixth 206th
【例1】( ) —When is your birthday? (单选题)
—It's in the ________ month of a year. It's in May.
A.first B. fourth C.fifth
经典例题
C
【例2】( ) Mother's Day is on the ______ Sunday of ______ .(单选题)
A. second; July B. second; May C. third; May
经典例题
B
即学即练(二)
一、请将下列日期的英文表达写在图片下的横线上,并按日期先后将字母序号排序。
August 5th
March 3rd
June 1st
正确顺序: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
___________ _________ _________ ____________ _____________
December 2nd
November 23rd
C
B
A
E
D
二、选择题。
( ) 1.Today is my cousin’s ______ birthday. He is ______ now.
A.eight; eighth B.eighth; eight C.eighth; eighth
( ) 2.Mother’s Day is on the ______ of May.
A.first Sunday B.second Sunday C.third Sunday
( ) 3.I’m _____ years old. I will have my _____ birthday this weekend.
A.twelve; twelve B.twelfth; twenty C.twelve; twelfth
B
B
C
( ) 4.Teachers’ Day is on ________.
A.September 10th B.June 1st C.May 10th
( ) 5.September is the ________ month of the year.
A.nine B.nineth C.ninth
C
A
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。6.Shenzhou V took a Chinese taikonaut into space for the (one) time.
7.Today is my (twelve) birthday.
8.My classroom is on the (three) floor.
9.January is the (one) month of the year.
10.Look at (three) girl. She is my sister, Lily.
first
twelfth
third
first
the third
考点3: 数词的用法
基础知识梳理
年份、日期的表达
一般情况下,将年份的四个数字分为两组,先读前两位,再读后两位。
1949 nineteen forty nine或者nineteen hundred and forty-nine
1902 nineteen zero two 或者 nineteen hundred and two
2008 two thousand and eight
(2)日期的表达
日期在书写时可以用基数词,也可以用序数词,但在读的时候必须读序数词。
10月1日
写作:October 1或October 1st
读作:October (the) first或the first of October
12月23日
写作:December 23或December 23rd
读作:December (the) twenty-third或twenty third of December
(3)年月日的完整表达
汉语中 “年月日” 的表达是按照 “年—月—日” 的顺序,但是在英语中,通常是按照 “月—日—年” 的顺序。
2023年6月3日
写作:June 3, 2023或June 3rd, 2023
读作:June (the) third, twenty twenty-three或the third of June, twenty twenty-three
2025年1月4日
写作:January 4, 2025或January 4th, 2025
读作:January (the) fourth, twenty twenty five 或
the fourth of January, twenty twenty five
时刻的表达
① 表示整点时,用一个基数词表示。
6:00 读作:six o’clock
10:00 读作:ten o’clock
② 表示半点时:half + past + 钟点数或钟点数 + thirty
4:30 读作:half past four或four thirty
6:30 读作:half past six 或six thirty
时刻的表达
③ 表示几点几分时:钟点数+分钟数
9:05 读作: nine five
9:40 读作:eight forty
时刻的表达
④ past和to在表示几点几分时的用法:
分钟数 < 30分钟:分钟数 + past + 钟点数
11:15 读作:a quarter past eleven 或 fifteen past eleven
10:20 读作:twenty past ten
分钟数 > 30分钟:分钟数 + to +下一个钟点数
8:50 读作:ten to nine
1:45 读作:a quarter to two 或 fifteen to two
时刻的表达
⑤ 分钟数为15的表达:
a quarter past + 钟点(基数词)
钟点(基数词)+fifteen
7:15的表达
第一种:a quarter past seven
第二种:seven fifteen
时刻的表达
⑥ 分钟数为45:
a quarter to +(钟点数+1)
钟点数(基数词)+ forty-five
11:45的表达
第一种:a quarter to twelve
第二种:eleven forty-five
倍数、分数、小数和百分数的表达
① 倍数的表达:
两倍用twice,三倍及三倍以上用“基数词+times”。
He gets twice as much pocket money as me. 他得到的零花钱是我的两倍。
The library is three times the size of ours. 这个图书馆是我们的那个图书馆的三倍。
② 分数的表达:
* 一般分数的表达:一般分子用基数词,分母用序数词。
分子为1时,分子可以用one或a表达;
分子大于1时,作分母的序数词要用复数形式。
one/a third one/a fifth
three sevenths two ninths
* 分母为2或4的分数表达:分母为2时,不能用second表达,要用half表达;
分母为 4 时,可以用fourth或quarter表达。
one/a half one/a fourth或one/a quarter
three fourths 或 three quarters
* 带分数的表达:表示带分数时,整数与分数之间用 and 连接。
2 two and one / a fourth 或 two and one / a quarter
5 five and three fifths
③ 小数的表达:
小数点以前的数,用基数词的读法读出,小数点以后的数,将数字 一 一 读出,小数点读作 point。
1.9 读作:two point nine 0.8 读作:zero point eight
15.238 读作:fifteen point two three eight
0.009 读作:zero point zero zero nine
④ 百分数的表达:
百分数中的百分号,读作 percent。
6% six percent
0.8% zero point eight percent
78% seventy-eight percent
加减乘除的表达
① 加法的表达:加号“+”用and或plus表达。
7+8=15 seven and eight is fifteen.
4+6=10 four and six is ten.
② 减法的表达:减号“-”用minus表达。
18-9=9 Eighteen minus nine makes nine.
11-6=5 Eleven minus six is five.
加减乘除的表达
③乘法的表达:乘号“×”用times表达。
7×9=63 Seven times nine is sixty-three.
4×4=16 Four times four is sixteen.
④除法的表达:除号“÷”用divided by 表达。
15÷3=5 Fifteen divided by three is five.
40÷10=4 Forty divided by ten is four.
编号的表达
基数词和序数词都可以表示编号。
当强调编号时,用“名词+基数词”;当强调顺序时,用“序数词+名词”。
第5行 the fifth line 406房间 Room 406
2路公交汽车 Bus No.2
六年级三班 Class Three, Grade Six
【例1】( ) The Changjiang River is more than six _______ long.(单选题)
A. thousands kilometre B. thousand kilometre C. thousand kilometres
经典例题
C
【例2】( ) I like reading. I've got _________ books.(单选题)
A. five hundreds B. five hundreds of C. hundreds of
经典例题
C
即学即练(三)
一、选择题。
( ) 1.There are about one _________ students in our school.
A.thousand B.hundreds C.thousands
( ) 2.There are a ______ metres in a kilometre.
A.hundred B.kilo C.thousand
( ) 3.Paul lives in number 19 Red Street. His friend lives next door is number ______.
A.twenty B.two C.twelve
A
A
C
( ) 4.The Changjiang River is more than six _____ long.
A.thousands kilometre B.thousand kilometre
C.thousand kilometres
( ) 5.It’s five _____ kilometres long.
A.thousand B.thousands C.thousand of
( ) 6.These buildings are five _________ metres high.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.thousands of
C
A
A
( ) 7.There are ______ minutes in an hour.
A.twelve B.sixty C.thirty
( ) 8.My sister is just 20. Today is her ______ birthday.
A.twenty B.twelve C.twentieth
( ) 9.Sam吃了四个汉堡包。
A.Sam ate five hamburgers.
B.Sam ate four sandwiches.
C.Sam eat four hamburgers.
B
C
C
( ) 10.There are _______ months in a year.
A.eleven B.twelve C.thirteen
B
二、根据句子描述画出正确的时间。
11.It’s a quarter to eight now.
12.It’s half past eight now.
13.It’s twelve o’clock now.
14.It’s a quarter past six now.
记忆口诀
基数词口诀
基数词有规律,十二以内词各异。十三数到十九去,后加teen莫忘记。二十、三十到九十,整十后面ty齐。要说几十几,中间短横要牢记。
基数词 序数词 缩写 基数词 序数词 缩写
1 one first 1st 16 sixteen sixteenth 16th
2 two second 2nd 17 seventeen seventeenth 17th
3 three third 3rd 18 eighteen eighteenth 18th
4 four fourth 4th 19 nineteen nineteenth 19th
5 five fifth 5th 20 twenty twentieth 20th
6 six sixth 6th 21 twenty-one twenty-fist 21st
7 seven seventh 7th 30 thirty thirtieth 30th
8 eight eighth 8th 40 forty fortieth 40th
9 nine ninth 9th 50 fifty fiftieth 50th
10 ten tenth 10th 60 sixty sixtieth 60th
11 eleven eleventh 11th 70 seventy seventieth 70th
12 twelve twelfth 12th 80 eighty eightieth 80th
13 thirteen thirteenth 13th 90 ninety ninetieth 90th
14 fourteen fourteenth 14th 100 one hundred One hundredth 100th
15 fifteen fifteenth 15th 200two hundred two hundredth 200th
附录:
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