2025届上海市上海中学高三下学期2月联考调研英语试题

英语  调研卷

（2025年2月）

(考试时间105分钟，满分115分)

(试卷共10页，答题纸共2页)

 

I. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Getting Over The “Ick”

Getting the “ick” can ruin a budding romance or an ongoing date. It’s that sudden feeling of disgust    1    makes you want to back away. Maybe you heard them make an awkward noise, mock someone unfairly, or eat messily. Once the “ick” sets in, it’s hard to shake off, leaving you questioning    2    to move forward.

Disgust, though often overlooked in research, is a strong, primal (原始的) emotion. Like fear or anger, it’s triggered in specific situations and    3   (vary) between individuals. While some reactions are universal—like disgust at rotting food or unhygienic acts—people with high sensitivity to disgust might feel it even in slight situations, such as a partner’s    4   (crack) lips or messy eating.

Disgust evolved to protect us from harm,    5    spoiled food or moral wrongdoing. However, when it rushed into our romantic lives, it raises questions: Is it a signal to stop, or

   6    we can work through? Studies show that heightened disgust sensitivity is linked to emotional challenges, such as low desire or aversion. In relationships, mismatched thresholds for disgust can cause conflicts—one partner’s limits might feel restrictive to the other.

Overcoming the “ick” involves    7   (reduce) disgust sensitivity. Disgust can be reduced in much the same way as we work to reduce a person’s fear: Gradual exposure to increasingly greater levels of the stimulus. In other words, start small and increase your exposure to the thing that makes you disgusted and your response will become    8   (dramatic).

If the “ick” is tied to a person rather than an act, reflection is key. Strong initial feelings of connection may be worth working    9    the discomfort. Relationships often allow us to overlook flaws,    10    if the trigger is a true dealbreaker—something morally unacceptable—it’s time to trust your instincts and move on.

 

 

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

California’s Growing Wildfire Crisis

California’s wildfires have been fueled by increasingly dangerous conditions over the past two decades, creating a growing crisis. The recent Mountain Fire in Ventura County highlights this alarming trend. Over 10,000 residents were forced to    11    their homes as the fire quickly spread, injuring at least 10 people and leaving dozens of houses in ashes. In just two days, the blaze consumed over 20,000 acres,    12    Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency.

Experts point to a destructive “environmental recipe.” Before the fire, forecasters issued a rare Red Flag warning, cautioning that dry winds and low humidity could turn into    13    for fast-spreading wildfires. When the Mountain Fire erupted, strong Santa Ana winds carried embers (灰烬) far and wide, while vegetation from two unusually wet winters acted as ready    14   . As a result, the fire could escalate rapidly, leaving firefighters struggling to    15    it.

Climate change has further shifted the landscape. Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts have made vegetation drier and more ignitable. At the same time, wetter winters have encouraged plant growth that later dries out, becoming kindling for fires. Fall and winter blazes, unlike their summer    16   , are driven by intense winds and lower humidity, making them harder to control.

Many historical    17    show the severity of this trend. The Woolsey Fire in 2018 and the Thomas Fire in 2017, both occurring in winter,    18    among California’s most destructive. Additionally, more than half of the state’s largest fires have been recorded in the last decade, underscoring the role of climate change.

As California continues to    19    with worsening wildfires, the stakes grow higher. Without    20    these environmental shifts, the battle against fire will become an even more difficult game of survival.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

II. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is commonly used to make predictions from datasets, but this typically requires creating a    21    model for each task. Hollmann et al. have developed a solution—a foundation model—that    22    applying machine learning across different tasks without task-specific training. This development could streamline prediction tasks, such as predicting patient deterioration in hospitals.

In a typical tabular machine learning scenario, a hospital uses a    23    to track patient information, such as age, blood-oxygen level, and vital signs, with the last column indicating if a patient’s condition    24   . A model is then trained on this data to predict risk.    25   , you need to train multiple models for different tasks, which is time-consuming. With a foundation model like TabPFN, you can immediately use any dataset to make    26    without training a new model each time.

Foundation models, like TabPFN, are    27    and can be applied across many tasks, similar to tools like ChatGPT and Stable Diffusion. These models reduce the effort and time required for machine learning tasks,    28    faster deployment of AI solutions in healthcare, finance, and more.

TabPFN has several key advantages: it can handle new datasets quickly, making predictions in    29    of a second without training. It also deals well with issues like missing values and outliers and performs excellently on datasets with up to 10,000 rows and 500 columns.

To overcome the challenge of limited real-world data, TabPFN was pre-trained on 100 million randomly generated data table that    30    real data’s statistical properties. This allowed it to learn general patterns without relying on actual datasets.

Even if predictions can be made in less than a second, TabPFN is not    31    challenges. It is a “black box,” so users cannot easily understand how it makes predictions. It may also

   32    with very large datasets, particularly those with over 10,000 rows and 500 columns. As the first model of its kind, its full    33    and limitations are still being explored.

Despite these challenges, TabPFN could mark the beginning of a    34    in tabular machine learning. Data scientists may soon use foundation models like TabPFN to handle much of the heavy lifting, opening the door for faster, more efficient machine learning applications, similar to the    35    impact of large language models on natural language processing.

 

21. A. unique B. complex C. typical D. temporary

22. A. complicates B. simplifies C. restricts D. blocks