Unit 5 Good manners【速记清单】-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元速记·巧练（牛津译林版）

Unit5 Good manners Unit5 话题 介绍特定场合的礼仪 词汇 1. polite adj. → politely(adv.) 2. proper adj. → properly(adv.) 3. loud adj. → loudly (adv.) 4. say v. →saying (n.) 谚语 5. discuss v. →discussion (n.) 6. park v. →parking (n.) 停车 7. polite adj. →impolite (反义词) 8. warn v. → warning (n.) 短语 1.打断(谈话)，插嘴 cut in on sb/sth 2．到处扔垃圾 drop litter everywhere 3. 保持安静keep quiet 4．使水龙头一直流着 leave the tap running 5．摘花 pick flowers 6．遵守交通规则obey traffic rules 7. 邀请某人做某事invite sb to do sth 8．保持图书馆干净 keep the library clean 9．向某人问好 say hello to sb 10．第一次 for the first time 11．谈论 talk about 12．在公共场合in public 13．大声地笑 laugh loudly 14．偶然地，意外地 by accident 15．互相问候 greet each other 16.任何时候；随时 any time 17．单独 on one's own 18. 加入到讨论中 join the discussion 19．写下，记下 write down 20.忙于(做)某事 be busy with/doing sth 21.警告某人某事 warn sb of sth 22．使某人远离危险keep sb away from danger 23.禁止吸烟 no smoking 24.不久以后 soon after　 25．为了 in order to 26．使某人的梦想成为现实 make one's dream come true 27.练习做某事 practise doing sth 28.首要的是above all 29. 挡住某人的路in one's way 句型 1. You’re old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo. 霍波，现在你年龄够大能学礼貌了。 2．You're never too old to learn．活到老学到老。 3. Today we've invited Jenny to talk about manners in the UK 今天我们邀请珍妮来谈论英国的礼仪。 4. Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they'll say“sorry”． 另外，如果他们在街上撞到别人，他们会说“对不起”。 5. If you're in their way, they won’t touch you or push past you. 如果你挡住了他们的路，他们不会碰你或是把你推走。 6. They'll say "excuse me" and be polite enough to wait till you move. 他们会说“打扰了”并足够耐心地等到你移开。 7. These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. 这些规则很重要，因为我们要确保客人和主人坐在桌旁边都很舒服。 语法 too...to   与 enough...to 写作 介绍日常礼仪 考点1. manner （1）可指“做事的方法, 事情发生的方式”。例如： Why are you talking in such a strange manner? 你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话？ （2）也指“态度, 举止”。例如： His manner was slightly rude, but you mustn’t mind. 他的态度有点粗鲁，但是你千万别介意。 （3）还指“礼貌, 礼节”。例如： It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth. 嘴里吃着东西说话是不礼貌的。 You should have good manners all the time. 任何时候都应该有礼貌。 （4）还可指“风俗, 习俗”。例如： It is interesting to learn the manners and customs of other countries. 了解其他国家的风俗习惯是很有趣的。 【经典练】 1．It is _________ interrupt others while they are speaking. A．bad manner B．bad manners C．bad manners to D．bad manner to 2．—You’d better not _______ before others. You should show good _______. —OK. I will queue for my turn. A．get on; manner B．carry on; manner C．push in; manners D．hand in; manners 考点 2.enough 2. You’re old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo.霍波，现在你年龄够大能学礼貌了。 enough的常见用法如下： (1)用作形容词，通常修饰复数名词或不可数名词，可放在被修饰名词之前或之后（但以前置为多见）。如： He has enough money to buy a car.他有足够的钱买辆汽车。 (2)用作副词，可用来修饰形容词、副词、动词等，此时总是放在被修饰词之后。 You don't relax enough.你休息不足。 修饰形容词时要后置，即使被修饰的形容词后面有名词也是如此。 We haven't got a big enough house.我们的房子不够大。 He is a handsome enough child.他是一个非常帅气的孩子。 但是，如果enough修饰整个名词短语，则置于形容词之前。比较： We haven't got big enough nails.我们没有够大的钉子。 (3)在通常情况下，enough不能用作表语，除非其主语是代词或是那些具有（或暗示有）数量意义的名词。如：Five men will be quite enough.5个人完全够了。 【经典练】 1．Xu Beihong’s paintings of horses are ________, and I hope I can have ________ to enjoy them. A．enough beautiful; enough time B．beautiful enough; enough time C．enough beautiful; time enough D．beautiful enough; time enough 2．He is ________ to buy ________ for his parents. A．rich enough; enough gifts B．enough rich;enough gifts C．rich enough; gifts enough D．enough rich; gifts enough 3．The film is ________, but we don’t have ________ to watch it. A．enough interesting; enough time B．interesting enough; enough time C．interesting enough, time enough D．enough interesting; time enough 考点 3. others others是other的复数，相当于other 后接复数名词，意为“别的，其他的”。the others表示一定范围内除去一部分以后其余的部分，特指已知的人或物中“除……之外，其余的全部”，相当于“the other+名词复数”。例如： Some students are reading, others are writing. （others相当于other students） 一些学生在读书，还有一些在写作。 There are 22 boys. Ten of them are playing football, the others are playing basketball. 有二十二个男孩，十个在踢足球，其他的在打篮球。（the others指剩余的十二个学生） 【拓展】 other / the other / others / another的区别： （1）other为形容词“别的，其他的”。作代词用时前面可加the / any /some等或用作复数。 例如：He is taller than any other brothers in his family. 他比他家的其他几个兄弟都高。 （2）the other意为“另一个人，另一个东西”，指两者中另外的一个。例如： I have two books. One is an English book, the other is a Chinese book. 我有两本书，一本是英语书，另一本是中文书。 （3）others意为“其他的人或物”，作代词用。例如： You should think of others. 你应该想想别人。 （4）another作形容词，意为“另外的，别的”，只可修饰单数名词；作代词，意为“另一个，再一个”，指三者或三者以上中的任何一个。 例如：Here comes another bus. 又来了一辆公共汽车。 【经典练】 1．The teacher told the class that only 3 students failed the exam, and ________ all passed. A．another B．the other C．others D．the others 2．I’ve already had two cups of coffee, but I can still have ________. A．other B．the other C．others D．another 3．What ________ ways do you know to learn about science? A．other B．another C．others D．the other 考点4. pick pick作动词，意为“采摘”。例如： Pick all the apples off the tree. 把树上的苹果都摘下来。 【拓展】 常用短语是pick up，用法如下： （1）表示“捡起，拾起”，是动词加副词结构。 例如：She picked up a stone and threw it at the dog. 她捡起一块石头朝那条狗扔去。 （2）表示“中途搭载乘客；接人”等意思｡ 例如： The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. 火车沿途停了好几次，让乘客上车｡ Wait here and I’ll pick you up at two o’clock. 在这儿等着，两点钟我来接你｡ （3）表示“意外发现；学到；获得”等意思｡ 例如： Looking through the evening paper last night, I picked up a wonderful poem. 昨晚在浏览晚报时,我意外发现了一首好诗｡ （4）表示“收拾；整理”等意思｡ 例如： Please pick up all your toys when you’ve finished playing. 你玩过后请把玩具收拾好｡ 【经典练】 1．You should pick up your bags after the plane landing. A．take B．kick C．pack D．make 2．There are many beautiful hats. You can pick one you like. A．choose B．buy C．need D．find 考点5. anything else anything else 意为“别的什么东西”，else作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用于不定代词和疑问代词或疑问副词后面。 （1）常用在much, little, all(=everything)等词后面。例如： Not much else is known. 其他的不很清楚。 There was little else he could do. 他再没有别的什么可做了。 （2）常用在 -one, -body, -thing, -place, -where 结尾的不定代词后面。例如： Have you anything else to do? 你还有别的什么事要做吗? Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧。 He has nothing else to do today. 我今天没有别的事要干。 （3）常用在who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词后面。例如： Who else was at the party? 晚会上还有谁? Where else did you go?　你还去过什么别的地方? 【经典练】 1．—Do you have ________ to say about this problem? —No, I don’t. A．else anything B．anything else C．everything else 2．—Hurry up, Mike! The bus is coming. —Wait a moment, please! Let me see if there is ________ left. A．anything else B．important something C．nothing else D．important anything 考点6. invite invite是及物动词，意为“邀请”，常用于下列结构： （1）invite sb. 邀请某人 例如： Do you invite the friends in Beijing? 你邀请北京的朋友了吗？ （2）invite sb. to some place 邀请某人去某地 例如： Why don’t you invite them to our school? 为什么不邀请他们来我们学校？ （3）invite sb. to dinner邀请某人吃饭 例如： Li Lin often invites me to dinner. 李林经常邀请我吃饭。 （4）invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 例如： We invited our parents to come to our party. 我们邀请了我们的父母来参加聚会。 【经典练】 1．I’m glad to get your ________ to spend vacation with you . A．invite B．invitation C．invites D．inviting 2．Would you please ________ them ________ us in the games? A．inviting; join B．invite; to join C．to invite; to join D．to invite; join 考点7. greet (1) greet意为“欢迎,迎接,致意,问候”,指用某些语言或动作来表示对某人或某事物的欢迎。 例如： The host greeted us at the gate.主人在大门口迎接我们。 She’ll greet me whenever she meets me. 她一见到我就打招呼。 (2) greet常用结构： be greeted as a hero  被当作英雄欢迎 greet sb. at the airport  在机场迎接客人 greet sb. by saying “Good morning”  向某人道“早安”致意 greet with...  以某种方式来欢迎 greet sb. with a nod  向某人点头致意 【经典练】 1．It’s polite ________ you ________ your teachers and classmates when you meet them. A．of; greeting B．for; greeting C．of; to greet D．for; to greet 2．I have many friends at my new school. ________ talk to each other after class and one of them ________ me to paper-cutting. A．I; greet B．I; introduce C．We; greet D．We; introduce 考点8.bump into 8. Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they'll say“sorry”． 另外，如果他们在街上撞到别人，他们会说“对不起”。 bump into someone意为“撞到某人；巧遇某人”。 I bumped into one of my old friends when l was shopping.我购物时巧遇我的一位老朋友。 I bumped into him and he fell to the ground, but he didn't hurt himself.我撞到了他，他跌倒到地上，但没有受伤。 【经典练】 1．--Mum, that girl ____________ before us. --No, dear. She just took the place of her mother. A．bumped into B．jumped out C．pushed in D．ran in 2．Linda was unhappy because Liz ________ on her conversation with Dad. A．pushed in B．cut in C．bumped into D．dropped in 考点9. avoid （1）avoid作及物动词，意为“避开,躲开”。例如： I avoided him as much as possible. 我尽量避开他。 She braked suddenly and avoided an accident. 她紧急刹车,避免了一场车祸。 （2）avoid作动词，后常接动词-ing形式。例如： They all avoided mentioning that name.他们都避免提及那名字。 【经典练】 1．—I don’t like Jerry. He is noisy. —You can hardly avoid ________ him if you work in the same office. A．meet B．to meet C．meeting D．met 2．Checking your answers before ________ in your paper can help you ________ mistakes. A．handing; make B．hand; making C．handing; avoid D．hand; avoiding 3．Doctors warn us to avoid the mosquitoes (蚊子) by taking some protections. A．take away B．mind C．keep away from 考点 10.aloud 10. British people don't like to shout or laugh loudly.英国人不喜欢大喊或是大笑。 (1) aloud强调发出的声音能被听见，意思为“出声地；大声地”，常与read，call等动词连用。 Please read the text aloud.请大声朗读一下课文。 (2) loud意为“响亮地；大声；高声地”，侧重发出的音量大、传得远，一般多用来修饰speak， talk，laugh等动词。loud还可以用作形容词。 Speak louder，please，or no one will hear you.请大声些，否则没人能听见。 (3) loudly意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与loud相同，常与ring，knock等动词连用。loudly放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。 Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.突然，墙上的钟大声地响起来了。 【经典练】 1．It’s good for us to read English ________ every morning. But don’t read ________. A．aloud; aloud B．loud; aloud C．aloud; loudly D．loudly; aloud 2．The music is too ________, so I have to speak ________. A．loud; aloud B．aloud; loud C．loudly; loudly D．aloud; aloud 考点11. practice practice作动词，意为“练习，实践”。既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词。其后可以接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例如： My little brother practices the piano every day. 我的小弟弟每天弹钢琴。 Do you often practice playing football after school？你经常放学后踢足球吗？ 【拓展】后接动名词作宾语的动词有： 完成、实践、值得、忙（finish; practice; be worth; be busy） 继续、习惯、别放弃（keep on; be used to; give up） 考虑、建议、不禁、想（consider; suggest; can’t help; feel like） 喜欢、思念、要介意（enjoy; miss; mind） 【经典练】 1．—Can you tell me the secret of winning the match? —Well, a lot of practice every day is a must. A．money B．exercise C．sleep 2．All of us practice __________ sports to keep healthy. A．to play B．playing C．play D．to playing 3．________my listening, I often listen to a tape and watch English programs. A．Practicing B．To practice C．Practices D．Practice 考点 12.express vt. 表达 [点拨] express 后面可接反身代词作宾语，通常不接双宾语。 He expressed his thanks to her.他对她表达了他的谢意。 He is still unable to express himself in English.他仍然不能用英语表达自己的想法。 [拓展] (1)express n. 快车；快邮 The letter was sent by express.这封信是用快件邮寄的。 (2)express adj. 迅速的；快速的；快递的；准确的，确实的　adv. 用快递方式 It's an express train for Paris.这是一列开往巴黎的快车。 【经典练】 1．—Mike, you should express your feelings clearly so that your teacher can understand you. —I know, but I don’t know how to do it. A．hide B．remember C．say 2．The British boy has much difficulty________ in Chinese, so he often asks me ________ help. A．to express himself; with B．expressing himself ; of C．to express himself; for D．expressing himself; for 考点 13.explain vt.&vi. 解释 [点拨] explain 作动词，意为“解释”，后面可直接接sth，不能接sb；“向某人解释某事”应表达为explain sth to sb。 Miss White is patient enough to explain the Maths problem to us many times. 怀特小姐不厌其烦地给我们多次讲解这道数学题。 [拓展] explain的名词形式为explanation, 为可数名词。 His explanations are always difficult to believe.他的解释总是令人难以置信。 【经典练】 1．—Do you know anything about our project?   —We are not sure. You must ____ your plan and how you are getting on with it. A．excuse B．explain C．explain to D．explore 2．Our teacher was ________ to spend a lot of time ________ the thing to us. A．nice enough; explaining B．enough nice; explain C．nice enough; to explain D．enough nice; explaining 考点 14. cut in (on sb/sth) 打断(谈话)，插嘴 Don't cut in on your mother when she is talking.你妈妈讲话时，不要插嘴。 [拓展] cut in on还可表示“加入；干预；拦住”。 I think I should cut in on what they are doing.我想我应该对他们所做的事情进行干预。 He was stopped when he tried to cut in on the queue. 他试图超车的时候被人拦住了。 I would like to cut in on this project.我愿意加入这个项目。 【经典练】 1．I think we should _________ people not to _________ too many trees. A．call on; cut down B．call at; cut up C．call in; cut off D．cut up; cut off 2．It’s impolite ________ others when they are speaking. A．to cut on in B．to cut in on C．cutting on in D．cutting in on 考点 15. leave the tap running 使水龙头一直流着 [点拨] leave作使役动词，意为“使/让……保持某种状态”，后接形容词、动词不定式、分词、名词或介词短语等作宾语补足语。 Leave the door open when you go out.你出去时，不要关门。 He went out, leaving his papers lying open on the desk. 他出去时，把他的试卷摊在了书桌上。 [拓展] (1)leave 还可译为“留下；丢下；落下”，常表示“把某物落在/忘在某地”。 I left my key in the reading room.我把钥匙忘在阅览室了。 (2)leave sb alone意为“让某人单独留下”，相当于leave sb by oneself或leave sb on one's own。 Don't leave Jim waiting outside all the time.不要让吉姆一直在外面等着。 Mrs Green always leaves her daughter at home alone. 格林夫人总是把她的女儿单独留在家里。 (3)leave的过去分词为left, 常用作后置定语，意为“剩下的”。 Is there any water left in the bottle?瓶子里还有水吗？ (4)leave 作名词，意为“假期”。 He asked his teacher for sick leave.他向老师请了病假。 【经典练】 1．Don’t forget to say “goodbye” to your teachers before you _________ school ________ home. A．left; for B．leave; to C．leave; for D．are leaving; to 2．—When ________ he leave for the city? —He ________ next week. A．does, will leave B．does, leaves C．has, has left 考点16. keep sb from… 使某人免受…… We should keep Millie from trouble.我们应该使米莉免受烦恼。 [拓展] keep sb from doing sth 意为“阻止某人做某事”，其中from不可省略；其同义短语为stop/prevent sb from doing sth，其中from可以省略。keep sb doing sth 意为“让某人一直做某事”。 Nothing can keep us from realizing our dreams.没有什么能够阻止我们实现我们的梦想。 He kept me answering the same question.他一直让我回答同一个问题。 【经典练】 1．We can’t always keep ourselves ________ making mistakes, but need to learn from them. A．by B．with C．from D．to 2．—We should keep children off electricity. —Right. It’s dangerous. A．cut ... off B．keep ... away from C．turn ... off 考点17.hold 17. We are going to hold a talk on good table manners.我们将要举行一个关于良好的餐桌礼仪的座谈会。 hold的用法如下： (1)用作及物动词 ①意为“拿住，握住，抓住”。 He always holds a book in his hand.他总是手里拿着本书。 ②意为“容纳，装得下”。 How many people does the room hold? 这个房间容纳多少人？ ③意为“留下，保留；保存”。 You may hold your opinion, but you have to obey orders. 你可以保留你的意见，可你必须执行命令。 (2)用作不及物动词，意为“同意，赞成，（与……）持相同意见（与with连用）”。 Put your hand up if you hold with me.同意的请举手。 (3) hold on不要挂断电话，等一下；继续。 - Can I speak to Mr Wang? 我可以和王先生通话吗？ - Hold on. He is in the next room.等一下。他在隔壁的房间。 【经典练】 1．—Mary, do you know ________ the art festival next Friday? —Yes. In our school hall. A．where did we hold B．where we held C．where will we hold D．where we will hold 2．The 19th Asian Games __________ in Hangzhou in September, 2023. A．hold B．is held C．will hold D．will be held 3．—The Winter Olympic Games ________ from February 4th, 2022 to February 20th, 2022 in Beijing. —Yes! Beijing is called “Double Olympic City”. A．held B．is held C．was held D．will be hold 一．语法精讲 too…to太….的用法 1. “too+形容词或副词+to+动词原形”，通常翻译成“太…而不能…” The ice is too thin to bear your weight. The firm is too small to compete against large companies. 2.for sb引出不定式的逻辑主语 根据语境的需要，不定式前可以带有一个由介词for引出的逻辑主语。 The road was too narrow for cars to pass. He spoke rather too quickly for me to understand. enough to的用法 用作形容词.意思是“足够的,充分的”,修饰名词时放在名词前面,也可以放在被修饰的名词后面常用句式为：enough＋名词＋for sb./ sth.或者 enough＋名词＋（for sb.）to do. There is enough food for all the people. I have enough time to collect the stamps. 有些形容词不能被 enough 修饰,如 glad, pleased等;可以被enough 修饰的形容词有old, poor, rich， clever, strong, high, tall, wide, wise 等 如：他看见你很开心。 正:He is very glad to see you. 误:He is glad enough to see you. “形容词/副词＋not enough (for sb.) to do sth. 可以与“too＋形容词/副词＋(for sb.）to do sth.”相互转换,只是这两个句子中的形容词要互为反义词,前一句型要用否定句,它也可以与“so...that...”句型相互转换。 例如：箱子太重他搬不动。 The box is too heavy for him to carry. =The box is not light enough for him to carry. =The box is so heavy that he can't carry it. The money is enough for me to buy a gift for my mum. 2、 单元写作 本单元写作要求同学们能用所学的词语和句型简单地介绍良好的礼仪。介绍的内容主要为礼仪的目的、时间场合、列举不良礼仪以及提出合理化建议等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点： 1. 能用一般现在时等正确的时态； 2. 能正确使用祈使句或者情态动词； 3. 能利用逻辑连接词等突出逻辑和层次； 4. 能有意识地使用多种句式丰富内容。 【词汇积累】 ①餐桌文化table manners ②不礼貌的impolite ③握手shake hands ④制定计划make plans ⑤ 最后但不是最不重要的 last but not least ⑥ 记住去做某事remember to do sth ⑦就……发表讲话give a speech on ⑧最好做某事had better do sth. ⑨眼神交流make eye contact ⑩代替instead of ⑪ 对某人有礼貌be polite to sb ⑫注意……pay attention to ... 【句式积累】 ※ 开头句 1.我很高兴你能在寒假期间来看我。让我告诉你一些中国的餐桌礼仪。 I’m happy that you can come to see me during the winter holiday. Let me tell you some Chinese table manners. 2.今天，我代表全班同学做一个题为“礼貌造就最好的学校”的演讲。 Today, on behalf of my class, I will give a speech on “Good manners make the nicest school”. 3.我们将举行一次关于图书馆礼仪的讲座。 We are going to hold a talk on library manners. 4.在我们的日常生活中，做一个有礼貌的人是非常重要的。 It’s very important to be a person with good manners in our daily life. 5.作为一名中学生，我们应该有礼貌。 As a middle school student, we should have good manners. 6.作为学生，我们有责任做一个有礼貌的人。 As students, it is our duty to be a person with good manners. ※ 中间句 1.为了表示尊敬，在老人动手之前，你不能用筷子。 1.To show respect, you mustn’t use your chopsticks before the old man starts. 2.让别人久等并非不礼貌。 2.Keeping others waiting is not impolite. 3.至于家庭规则，你最好计划在朋友家里见他们。 3.As for house rules, you’d better make plans to meet some friends at their home. 4.吃饭的时候，我们需要一只手拿着碗，另一只手夹着筷子。 4.When we eat, we need to hold the bowl in one hand and chopsticks in the other. 5.不用筷子的时候，我们可以把筷子放在桌子上，但不能玩筷子，也不能把筷子指向别人。 5.When chopsticks are not in use, we can put them on the table, but we cannot play with them or point them at others. 6.在课堂上，我们认真听老师讲课并做一些笔记是非常重要的。 6.In class, it’s very important for us to listen to the teachers carefully and take some notes. ※ 结尾句 1.希望这些东西对你有帮助，希望你在这里度过一个美好的学年！ 1.Hope these things will help you and hope you will have a good school year here! 2.我期待着很快见到你。我会告诉你更多关于中国餐桌礼仪的知识。 2.I’m looking forward to meeting you soon. And I’ll tell you more about Chinese table manners. 3.从现在起，如果我们每个人都尽自己的一份力量，我们的学校将成为最好的学校。 3.If each of us does our part from now on, our school will become the nicest one. 4.这些规则很重要，因为它们能确保每个人在图书馆都感到舒适。 4.These rules are important because they make sure that everyone feels comfortable in the library. 5.只有这样，我们进步，成为有礼貌的人。 5.Only in this way can we be improved to be persons with good manners. 6.总之，良好的礼貌可以带来改变，并带来更美好的未来。 6.In a word, good manners can make a difference and lead to a better future. 7.我希望每个人都知道一些餐桌礼仪，这样我们才能表现得更好。 7.I hope everyone knows some table manners so that we can behave better. 8.如果每个人都尽力做一个有礼貌的人，我们的社会就会变得和平，世界就会变得越来越美丽。 8.If everyone tries his best to be a person with good manners, our society will become peaceful and the world will be more and more beautiful. 【谚语积累】 1.Without learning manners, one cannot stand firm.不学礼，无以立 2.A person cannot live well without manners, things cannot be achieved without etiquette, and a country cannot be peaceful without etiquette人无礼则不生，事无礼则不成，国家无礼则不宁 3.Manners are all about calming things down.礼仪周全能息事宁人。 4.The most appetizing thing at a banquet is the host's manners.在宴席上最让人开胃的就是主人的礼节。 5.If there are manners, it is safe; if not, it is dangerous有礼则安，无礼则危 请根据下列提示,以"Good Manners, Our Duty"为题,写一篇短文。提示： (1) 遵守校纪，不乱扔废弃物，保持校园清洁； (2)爱护花草树木，让校园充满绿色； (3)不追逐哄闹，举止文明； (4)关爱他人，让校园充满爱。 要求: 1)文中不得出现你的真实姓名和班级； 2)语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范； 3)包含以上要点，并适当发挥，词数不少于80。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【审题思路】 1、题干解读：题目要求以“Good Manners, Our Duty”为题,写一篇短文。要求包含所给提示，详细具体的写出作为学生应该有的礼貌和职责。 2、写作指导：本文应该以第三人称来叙述内容；时态采用一般现在时为主；描述学生的职责时，应详细具体，并且保证条理清晰。 【佳作欣赏】 Good Manners, Our Duty As students, it is our duty to be a person with good manners. Good manners are very important in our lives. They help us to get on well with each other. A person with good manners is kind and polite, and he does not laugh at people who are in trouble. Instead, he tries to help them. He knows to help others means to help himself. He doesn't throw rubbish everywhere and does what he can to keep the school clean and tidy. He takes care of trees and grass and makes the school full of green plants. He doesn't run after others and he acts politely. If everyone tries his best to be a person with good manners, our society will become peaceful and the world will be more and more beautiful. Let's be a person with good manners. 【重点单词】 manners    【复数】 礼貌，礼仪 cut in  (on sb/sth)    打断（谈话），插嘴 politely    [pə'laɪtli]    礼貌地 litter    ['lɪtə]     垃圾，杂物 tap    [tæp]    水龙头；旋塞 run    [rʌn]     流动；v. 奔跑，跑步 pick    [pɪk]     采，摘；v. 挑选，精选 obey    [əʊˈbeɪ]    遵守，顺从 queue   [kjuː]   （人、车等）排队等候 turn     [tɜːn]     轮流,旋转v.使旋转,翻过来 proper    [ˈprɒpə] adj.    符合习惯的；正确的 greet    [griːt]     问候，打招呼 shake sb's hand     与某人握手 kiss    [kɪs]     亲吻 close    [kləʊz]     亲密的；严密的 conversation    [ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən]    （非正式）交谈，谈话 avoid    [əˈvɒɪd]    避免 subject    ['sʌbdʒɪkt]    话题，主题 behave    [bɪˈheɪv]    表现 public    ['pʌblɪk]   民众，群体 in public    公开地，在别人面前 push    [pʊʃ]     推，挤 push in     (英)插队,加塞,(美) bump   [bʌmp]    撞，碰 in one's way     挡住某人的路 touch    [tʌtʃ]     触摸，碰 excuse    [ɪks'kjuːz]     原谅，宽恕 excuse me   劳驾 till   [tɪl]   到…时，直到…为止 as well (as)    也，还有 loudly    ['laʊdli]    大声地 as   [æz]     正如，如同 saying    [ˈseɪɪŋ]     谚语，格言 by accident     偶然，意外地 discussion     [dɪ'skʌʃən]    讨论 express     [ɪks'pres]     表达 public    ['pʌblɪk]   民众，群体 explain    [ɪks'pleɪn]    解释 keep sb from sth    保护，使免受 warn    [wɔːn]    警告，告诫 parking   ['pɑːkɪŋ]    停车 litter    ['lɪtə]     垃圾，杂物 successful    [səkˈsesfʊl]    成功的 sometimes    ['sʌmtaɪmz]  (some time)    在某时 soon after    不久以后 risk    [rɪsk]     冒险做 worm     [wɜːm]    软体虫，蠕虫 pain    [peɪn]    痛，疼痛 gain    [ɡeɪn]    收获 indeed    [ɪnˈdiːd]    真正地 practice    ['præktɪs]    练习；训练；实践 candle    ['kændl]     蜡烛 purpose     [ˈpɜːpəs]     目的 content    [kənˈtent]    内容；目录 conclusion    [kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n]    总结，归纳 guest    [ɡest]     客人，宾客 host    [həʊst]    主人，主持 above all     尤其是，首先 impolite    [ˌɪmpə'laɪt]    不礼貌的 【词汇拓展】 1. polite adj. → politely(adv.) 2. proper adj. → properly(adv.) 3. loud adj. → loudly (adv.) 4. say v. →saying (n.) 谚语 5. discuss v. →discussion (n.) 6. park v. →parking (n.) 停车 7. polite adj. →impolite (反义词) 8. warn v. → warning (n.) 【重点短语】 1. cut in on sb/sth    打断(谈话)，插嘴   2.  drop litter everywhere    到处扔垃圾 3. keep quiet      保持安静 4 leave the tap running    使水龙头一直流着  5.  pick flowers    摘花 6. obey traffic rules     遵守交通规则 7.  invite sb to do sth    邀请某人做某事  8. keep the library clean    保持图书馆干净 9.  the proper way to do sth    做某事的恰当方式  10. say hello to sb    向某人问好   11. for the first time    第一次   12. talk about    谈论   13. in public    在公共场合 14.  laugh loudly   大声地笑  15. by accident    偶然地，意外地  16. greet each other    互相问候  17. any time    任何时候；随时 18.  on one's own    单独  19. join the discussion    加入到讨论中   20. express oneself clearly    清楚地表达自己  21. write down    写下，记下   22.  be busy with/doing sth    忙于(做)某事   23. warn sb of sth    警告某人某事  24. keep sb away from danger    使某人远离危险   25. no smoking    禁止吸烟   26. soon after　不久以后   27. in order to    为了   28．make one's dream come true    使某人的梦想成为现实    29. practise doing sth    练习做某事   30. the purpose of    ……的目的  31.above all     首要的是 32. in one's way挡住某人的路   【重点句子】 1.霍波，你现在够大了，要学习有关礼仪的东西了。 You're old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo. 2. 他们谈论天气、假期、音乐、书或其他的东西。  They talk about the weather, holidays, music, books or something else． 3. 那儿的人在公共场合举止礼貌吗？ Do people there behave politely in public？ 4. 他们认为插到别人前面是粗鲁的。 They think it's rude to push in before others. 5. 就像谚语说的“入乡随俗”。  Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do　．” 6. 基蒂非常忙于上舞蹈课。  Kitty was very busy with her dancing lessons. 7. 这些规则是重要的，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在就餐时都舒服。 These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. 【重点语法】 1. be +adj.+enough +to do 2. be +too +adj.+to do  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit5 Good manners Unit5 话题 介绍特定场合的礼仪 词汇 1. polite adj. → politely(adv.) 2. proper adj. → properly(adv.) 3. loud adj. → loudly (adv.) 4. say v. →saying (n.) 谚语 5. discuss v. →discussion (n.) 6. park v. →parking (n.) 停车 7. polite adj. →impolite (反义词) 8. warn v. → warning (n.) 短语 1.打断(谈话)，插嘴 cut in on sb/sth 2．到处扔垃圾 drop litter everywhere 3. 保持安静keep quiet 4．使水龙头一直流着 leave the tap running 5．摘花 pick flowers 6．遵守交通规则obey traffic rules 7. 邀请某人做某事invite sb to do sth 8．保持图书馆干净 keep the library clean 9．向某人问好 say hello to sb 10．第一次 for the first time 11．谈论 talk about 12．在公共场合in public 13．大声地笑 laugh loudly 14．偶然地，意外地 by accident 15．互相问候 greet each other 16.任何时候；随时 any time 17．单独 on one's own 18. 加入到讨论中 join the discussion 19．写下，记下 write down 20.忙于(做)某事 be busy with/doing sth 21.警告某人某事 warn sb of sth 22．使某人远离危险keep sb away from danger 23.禁止吸烟 no smoking 24.不久以后 soon after　 25．为了 in order to 26．使某人的梦想成为现实 make one's dream come true 27.练习做某事 practise doing sth 28.首要的是above all 29. 挡住某人的路in one's way 句型 1. You’re old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo. 霍波，现在你年龄够大能学礼貌了。 2．You're never too old to learn．活到老学到老。 3. Today we've invited Jenny to talk about manners in the UK 今天我们邀请珍妮来谈论英国的礼仪。 4. Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they'll say“sorry”． 另外，如果他们在街上撞到别人，他们会说“对不起”。 5. If you're in their way, they won’t touch you or push past you. 如果你挡住了他们的路，他们不会碰你或是把你推走。 6. They'll say "excuse me" and be polite enough to wait till you move. 他们会说“打扰了”并足够耐心地等到你移开。 7. These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. 这些规则很重要，因为我们要确保客人和主人坐在桌旁边都很舒服。 语法 too...to   与 enough...to 写作 介绍日常礼仪 考点1. manner （1）可指“做事的方法, 事情发生的方式”。例如： Why are you talking in such a strange manner? 你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话？ （2）也指“态度, 举止”。例如： His manner was slightly rude, but you mustn’t mind. 他的态度有点粗鲁，但是你千万别介意。 （3）还指“礼貌, 礼节”。例如： It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth. 嘴里吃着东西说话是不礼貌的。 You should have good manners all the time. 任何时候都应该有礼貌。 （4）还可指“风俗, 习俗”。例如： It is interesting to learn the manners and customs of other countries. 了解其他国家的风俗习惯是很有趣的。 【经典练】 1．It is _________ interrupt others while they are speaking. A．bad manner B．bad manners C．bad manners to D．bad manner to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：打断别人说话是不礼貌的。考查名词和非谓语动词。manner方式，单数名词；manners礼貌，礼仪，复数名词。根据“interrupt others while they are speaking”可知，打断别人说话是不礼貌的，manners符合题意；固定句型“It be+n.+to do sth.”，意为“做某事是……”，其中不定式to do是真正的主语。故选C。 2．—You’d better not _______ before others. You should show good _______. —OK. I will queue for my turn. A．get on; manner B．carry on; manner C．push in; manners D．hand in; manners 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你最好不要在别人前面插队。你应该表现出好的礼貌。——好的。我会排队等。考查动词短语和名词的数。get on上车；carry on进行；push in插队；hand in上交；第一个空根据“I will queue for my turn.”可知，此处应表示不要插队；manner礼貌，可数名词，根据“show good...”可知，此处应用名词复数表泛指。故选C。 考点 2.enough 2. You’re old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo.霍波，现在你年龄够大能学礼貌了。 enough的常见用法如下： (1)用作形容词，通常修饰复数名词或不可数名词，可放在被修饰名词之前或之后（但以前置为多见）。如： He has enough money to buy a car.他有足够的钱买辆汽车。 (2)用作副词，可用来修饰形容词、副词、动词等，此时总是放在被修饰词之后。 You don't relax enough.你休息不足。 修饰形容词时要后置，即使被修饰的形容词后面有名词也是如此。 We haven't got a big enough house.我们的房子不够大。 He is a handsome enough child.他是一个非常帅气的孩子。 但是，如果enough修饰整个名词短语，则置于形容词之前。比较： We haven't got big enough nails.我们没有够大的钉子。 (3)在通常情况下，enough不能用作表语，除非其主语是代词或是那些具有（或暗示有）数量意义的名词。如：Five men will be quite enough.5个人完全够了。 【经典练】 1．Xu Beihong’s paintings of horses are ________, and I hope I can have ________ to enjoy them. A．enough beautiful; enough time B．beautiful enough; enough time C．enough beautiful; time enough D．beautiful enough; time enough 【答案】B 【详解】句意：徐悲鸿画的马足够漂亮，我希望我有足够的时间去欣赏它们。考查enough的用法。enough作副词修饰形容词时，要放在形容词之后。这里要表达“足够漂亮”，需用“beautiful enough”； enough作形容词修饰名词时，一般放在名词之前。表示“足够的时间”，应该是“enough time”，故选B。 2．He is ________ to buy ________ for his parents. A．rich enough; enough gifts B．enough rich;enough gifts C．rich enough; gifts enough D．enough rich; gifts enough 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他足够富有去为他的父母买足够的礼物。考查enough的用法。enough作为副词修饰形容词时，需放在形容词后面，“足够富有”正确表达为“rich enough”；enough作为形容词修饰名词时，放在名词前面，“足够的礼物”正确表达为“enough gifts”。故选A。 3．The film is ________, but we don’t have ________ to watch it. A．enough interesting; enough time B．interesting enough; enough time C．interesting enough, time enough D．enough interesting; time enough 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影足够有趣，但是我们没有足够的时间观看。考查enough修饰形容词和名词的用法。interesting enough足够有趣，enough time足够的时间。enough修饰形容词时，放在形容词之后，修饰名词时，放在名词之前，所以第一空使用interesting enough，第二空使用enough time。故选B。 考点 3. others others是other的复数，相当于other 后接复数名词，意为“别的，其他的”。the others表示一定范围内除去一部分以后其余的部分，特指已知的人或物中“除……之外，其余的全部”，相当于“the other+名词复数”。例如： Some students are reading, others are writing. （others相当于other students） 一些学生在读书，还有一些在写作。 There are 22 boys. Ten of them are playing football, the others are playing basketball. 有二十二个男孩，十个在踢足球，其他的在打篮球。（the others指剩余的十二个学生） 【拓展】 other / the other / others / another的区别： （1）other为形容词“别的，其他的”。作代词用时前面可加the / any /some等或用作复数。 例如：He is taller than any other brothers in his family. 他比他家的其他几个兄弟都高。 （2）the other意为“另一个人，另一个东西”，指两者中另外的一个。例如： I have two books. One is an English book, the other is a Chinese book. 我有两本书，一本是英语书，另一本是中文书。 （3）others意为“其他的人或物”，作代词用。例如： You should think of others. 你应该想想别人。 （4）another作形容词，意为“另外的，别的”，只可修饰单数名词；作代词，意为“另一个，再一个”，指三者或三者以上中的任何一个。 例如：Here comes another bus. 又来了一辆公共汽车。 【经典练】 1．The teacher told the class that only 3 students failed the exam, and ________ all passed. A．another B．the other C．others D．the others 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老师告诉全班同学，只有三个学生考试不及格，其他的都通过了。考查代词辨析。another另一个，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上；the other另一个，特指两个人或物中的一个；others其他人；the others其余的人，特指某一范围内的其他的人或物。根据“The teacher told the class that only three students failed the exam, and...all passed.”可知，此句特指班上除了三个学生外，剩下的所有人，且是三者以上，应用the others。故选D。 2．I’ve already had two cups of coffee, but I can still have ________. A．other B．the other C．others D．another 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我已经喝了两杯咖啡，但我还可以再来一杯。考查代词辨析。other其他的，其后需要接名词复数；the other两者中的另一个；others其他的；another又一个，再一个，指不确定数目的另一个。根据“I’ve already had two cups of coffee, but I can still have”可知，此处表示可以再喝一杯，“再一”another。故选D。 3．What ________ ways do you know to learn about science? A．other B．another C．others D．the other 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你还知道哪些了解科学的方法？考查不定代词辨析。other其他的； another另一个； others其他的人或物； the other（两者中）另一个。根据“What…ways do you know to learn about science?”可知，此处应用不定代词修饰后面的复数名词，表达“其他的方法”，other“其他的”，后面接名词复数。故选A。 考点4. pick pick作动词，意为“采摘”。例如： Pick all the apples off the tree. 把树上的苹果都摘下来。 【拓展】 常用短语是pick up，用法如下： （1）表示“捡起，拾起”，是动词加副词结构。 例如：She picked up a stone and threw it at the dog. 她捡起一块石头朝那条狗扔去。 （2）表示“中途搭载乘客；接人”等意思｡ 例如： The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. 火车沿途停了好几次，让乘客上车｡ Wait here and I’ll pick you up at two o’clock. 在这儿等着，两点钟我来接你｡ （3）表示“意外发现；学到；获得”等意思｡ 例如： Looking through the evening paper last night, I picked up a wonderful poem. 昨晚在浏览晚报时,我意外发现了一首好诗｡ （4）表示“收拾；整理”等意思｡ 例如： Please pick up all your toys when you’ve finished playing. 你玩过后请把玩具收拾好｡ 【经典练】 1．You should pick up your bags after the plane landing. A．take B．kick C．pack D．make 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你应该在飞机降落后去拿你的行李。考查动词辨析。take拿；kick踢；pack将……打包；make制作。pick up在此意为“拾起”，与take近义。故选A。 2．There are many beautiful hats. You can pick one you like. A．choose B．buy C．need D．find 【答案】A 【详解】句意：有很多漂亮的帽子。你可以挑选一个你喜欢的。考查动词辨析。choose选择；buy购买；need需要；find找到。根据“pick one you like”可知，此处是指挑选一个你喜欢的帽子，A选项choose“选择”符合题意。故选A。 考点5. anything else anything else 意为“别的什么东西”，else作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用于不定代词和疑问代词或疑问副词后面。 （1）常用在much, little, all(=everything)等词后面。例如： Not much else is known. 其他的不很清楚。 There was little else he could do. 他再没有别的什么可做了。 （2）常用在 -one, -body, -thing, -place, -where 结尾的不定代词后面。例如： Have you anything else to do? 你还有别的什么事要做吗? Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧。 He has nothing else to do today. 我今天没有别的事要干。 （3）常用在who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词后面。例如： Who else was at the party? 晚会上还有谁? Where else did you go?　你还去过什么别的地方? 【经典练】 1．—Do you have ________ to say about this problem? —No, I don’t. A．else anything B．anything else C．everything else 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——关于这个问题，你还有什么要说的吗？——不，我没有。考查不定代词的用法。anything任何事；everything每件事。else修饰复合不定代词时，else需后置，问句为一般疑问句，应用anything。故选B。 2．—Hurry up, Mike! The bus is coming. —Wait a moment, please! Let me see if there is ________ left. A．anything else B．important something C．nothing else D．important anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Mike，赶快！公交车就要来了。——稍等一下！让我看看是否有任何东西落下。考查复合不定代词的辨析。复合不定代词有修饰语，修饰语后置，排除B和D；根据语境表示有没有任何东西落下，而不是没有东西落下，排除nothing else。故选A。 考点6. invite invite是及物动词，意为“邀请”，常用于下列结构： （1）invite sb. 邀请某人 例如： Do you invite the friends in Beijing? 你邀请北京的朋友了吗？ （2）invite sb. to some place 邀请某人去某地 例如： Why don’t you invite them to our school? 为什么不邀请他们来我们学校？ （3）invite sb. to dinner邀请某人吃饭 例如： Li Lin often invites me to dinner. 李林经常邀请我吃饭。 （4）invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 例如： We invited our parents to come to our party. 我们邀请了我们的父母来参加聚会。 【经典练】 1．I’m glad to get your ________ to spend vacation with you . A．invite B．invitation C．invites D．inviting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我很高兴收到你邀请和你一起度假。A. invite邀请，原形；B. invitation邀请，名词；C. invites邀请，第三人称单数； D. inviting邀请，现在分词。这里是得到你的邀请用名词。根据题意，故选B。 2．Would you please ________ them ________ us in the games? A．inviting; join B．invite; to join C．to invite; to join D．to invite; join 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请你邀请他们加入我们的比赛好吗？考查非谓语动词用法。 would you please是一种委婉的请求方式，后面需跟动词原形，故第一个空填invite；invite sb to do sth 意为 “邀请某人做某事”，固定搭配。故第二个空填to join，故选B。 考点7. greet (1) greet意为“欢迎,迎接,致意,问候”,指用某些语言或动作来表示对某人或某事物的欢迎。 例如： The host greeted us at the gate.主人在大门口迎接我们。 She’ll greet me whenever she meets me. 她一见到我就打招呼。 (2) greet常用结构： be greeted as a hero  被当作英雄欢迎 greet sb. at the airport  在机场迎接客人 greet sb. by saying “Good morning”  向某人道“早安”致意 greet with...  以某种方式来欢迎 greet sb. with a nod  向某人点头致意 【经典练】 1．It’s polite ________ you ________ your teachers and classmates when you meet them. A．of; greeting B．for; greeting C．of; to greet D．for; to greet 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你遇到老师和同学时，向他们打招呼是有礼貌的。考查it固定句型。本句是固定句型“It’s +形容词+ of/for sb. +动词不定式+其他”结构，it是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正主语；of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词for表示对象，意为“对……来说”。本句“polite”用于描述“you”的性格特点，介词需用of，故选C。 2．I have many friends at my new school. ________ talk to each other after class and one of them ________ me to paper-cutting. A．I; greet B．I; introduce C．We; greet D．We; introduce 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我在新学校有很多朋友。课后我们互相交谈，其中一个向我介绍了剪纸。考查代词及动词辨析。I我；We我们；greet问候；introduce介绍。根据“talk to each other”可知是“我们”互相交谈，第一空用We；introduce sb. to sth.“介绍某人认识某事物：帮助某人第一次体验某事物”。故选D。 考点8.bump into 8. Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they'll say“sorry”． 另外，如果他们在街上撞到别人，他们会说“对不起”。 bump into someone意为“撞到某人；巧遇某人”。 I bumped into one of my old friends when l was shopping.我购物时巧遇我的一位老朋友。 I bumped into him and he fell to the ground, but he didn't hurt himself.我撞到了他，他跌倒到地上，但没有受伤。 【经典练】 1．--Mum, that girl ____________ before us. --No, dear. She just took the place of her mother. A．bumped into B．jumped out C．pushed in D．ran in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：----妈妈，那个女孩挤到我们的面前了。----不，亲爱的。她只是代替了她的母亲。A. bumped into撞到；B. jumped out跳了出来； C. pushed in向里推；推进去； 挤入内；D. ran in跑。根据下文“她只是代替了她的母亲。”可知上文是“那个女孩挤到我们的面前了。”结合选项可知选D。 2．Linda was unhappy because Liz ________ on her conversation with Dad. A．pushed in B．cut in C．bumped into D．dropped in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：琳达很不高兴，因为莉兹打断了她和爸爸的谈话。考查动词短语辨析。pushed in推进去； cut in插嘴，干预；bumped into撞上，偶然碰见；dropped in投入。根据“Linda was unhappy”判断，应该是莉兹打断了她和爸爸的谈话。故选B。 考点9. avoid （1）avoid作及物动词，意为“避开,躲开”。例如： I avoided him as much as possible. 我尽量避开他。 She braked suddenly and avoided an accident. 她紧急刹车,避免了一场车祸。 （2）avoid作动词，后常接动词-ing形式。例如： They all avoided mentioning that name.他们都避免提及那名字。 【经典练】 1．—I don’t like Jerry. He is noisy. —You can hardly avoid ________ him if you work in the same office. A．meet B．to meet C．meeting D．met 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我不喜欢Jerry。他很吵闹。——如果你在同一个办公室工作，你很难避免遇到他。 考查动名词作宾语。avoid是动词，意思是“避免”，后面通常跟动名词（doing）作为宾语，表示避免做某事。结合语境和avoid的用法，此处表示“避免遇到他”，所以应该用meeting作为宾语。故选C。 2．Checking your answers before ________ in your paper can help you ________ mistakes. A．handing; make B．hand; making C．handing; avoid D．hand; avoiding 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在上交试卷之前检查你的答案可以帮助你避免错误。考察动词词义辨析和动名词的用法。表达“上交，提交”用短语hand in。hand作为动词放在介词after后面用动名词，所以第一空选handing。根据常识可知，检查可以避免错误的发生，所以第二空要表达“避免”avoid，表达“帮助某人做某事”用短语help sb. (to) do sth.，所以第二空选avoid。故选C。 3．Doctors warn us to avoid the mosquitoes (蚊子) by taking some protections. A．take away B．mind C．keep away from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：医生告诫我们采取一些保护措施来避开蚊子。考查动词和动词短语。take away带走、拿走；mind介意；keep away from远离。根据“by taking some protections”可知，是要采取措施避免蚊子；因此avoid表示“避免，远离”，与C选项同义。故选C。 考点 10.aloud 10. British people don't like to shout or laugh loudly.英国人不喜欢大喊或是大笑。 (1) aloud强调发出的声音能被听见，意思为“出声地；大声地”，常与read，call等动词连用。 Please read the text aloud.请大声朗读一下课文。 (2) loud意为“响亮地；大声；高声地”，侧重发出的音量大、传得远，一般多用来修饰speak， talk，laugh等动词。loud还可以用作形容词。 Speak louder，please，or no one will hear you.请大声些，否则没人能听见。 (3) loudly意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与loud相同，常与ring，knock等动词连用。loudly放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。 Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.突然，墙上的钟大声地响起来了。 【经典练】 1．It’s good for us to read English ________ every morning. But don’t read ________. A．aloud; aloud B．loud; aloud C．aloud; loudly D．loudly; aloud 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每天早上大声朗读英语对我们有好处。但不要朗读太大声。考查副词。aloud大声地，副词，强调发出的声音能被听见；loudly大声地，副词，含有“喧闹，嘈杂”的意味；loud大声的，形容词。根据“It’s good for us to read English”可知，此处表达大声读英语对我们有好处，强调声音能被听见，用aloud修饰动词read；第二空“But don’t read...”应表达不要读太大声，强调声音嘈杂，用loudly修饰动词read。故选C。 2．The music is too ________, so I have to speak ________. A．loud; aloud B．aloud; loud C．loudly; loudly D．aloud; aloud 【答案】A 【详解】句意：音乐太吵了，所以我不得不大声说话。考查形容词以及副词辨析。loud高声的，大声的，是形容词；大声地，喧闹地，是副词；aloud出声地，副词；loudly大声地，副词。根据第一个空前的is可知，第一个空应填形容词loud，作表语；第二空修饰动词speak，所以用副词。故选A。 考点11. practice practice作动词，意为“练习，实践”。既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词。其后可以接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例如： My little brother practices the piano every day. 我的小弟弟每天弹钢琴。 Do you often practice playing football after school？你经常放学后踢足球吗？ 【拓展】后接动名词作宾语的动词有： 完成、实践、值得、忙（finish; practice; be worth; be busy） 继续、习惯、别放弃（keep on; be used to; give up） 考虑、建议、不禁、想（consider; suggest; can’t help; feel like） 喜欢、思念、要介意（enjoy; miss; mind） 【经典练】 1．—Can you tell me the secret of winning the match? —Well, a lot of practice every day is a must. A．money B．exercise C．sleep 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我赢得比赛的秘诀吗？——嗯，每天大量的练习是必须的。考查名词辨析。money钱；exercise练习；sleep睡觉。practice意为“练习”，和exercise意义相近。故选B。 2．All of us practice __________ sports to keep healthy. A．to play B．playing C．play D．to playing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们所有人练习做运动来保持健康。考查非谓语动词。根据句式“practice doing sth练习做某事”可知，空处用动名词作宾语，故选B。 3．________my listening, I often listen to a tape and watch English programs. A．Practicing B．To practice C．Practices D．Practice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了练习听力，我经常听磁带和看英语节目。考查非谓语动词。practice练习，根据后面的 I often listen to a tape and watch English programs可知，应该是为了练习听力，用动词不定式表目的，故选B。 考点 12.express vt. 表达 [点拨] express 后面可接反身代词作宾语，通常不接双宾语。 He expressed his thanks to her.他对她表达了他的谢意。 He is still unable to express himself in English.他仍然不能用英语表达自己的想法。 [拓展] (1)express n. 快车；快邮 The letter was sent by express.这封信是用快件邮寄的。 (2)express adj. 迅速的；快速的；快递的；准确的，确实的　adv. 用快递方式 It's an express train for Paris.这是一列开往巴黎的快车。 【经典练】 1．—Mike, you should express your feelings clearly so that your teacher can understand you. —I know, but I don’t know how to do it. A．hide B．remember C．say 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——迈克，你应该清楚地表达你的感受，这样你的老师才能理解你。——我知道，但我不知道怎么做。考查动词辨析。hide隐藏；remember记住；say说。根据“you should express your feelings clearly so that your teacher can understand you.”可知，清楚表达出自己的感受，老师才能理解，express的意思是“表达”，与say意思相近。故选C。 2．The British boy has much difficulty________ in Chinese, so he often asks me ________ help. A．to express himself; with B．expressing himself ; of C．to express himself; for D．expressing himself; for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个英国男孩在用汉语表达自己上有很大困难，因此他经常向我求助。考查固定短语用法。根据语境可知，句中考查的短语有have difficulty (in) doing sth，表示“做什么方面有困难”；express oneself表示“表达自己”，这里是指男孩表达自我，所以是express himself；ask sb for help表示“向某人求助”。故选D。 考点 13.explain vt.&vi. 解释 [点拨] explain 作动词，意为“解释”，后面可直接接sth，不能接sb；“向某人解释某事”应表达为explain sth to sb。 Miss White is patient enough to explain the Maths problem to us many times. 怀特小姐不厌其烦地给我们多次讲解这道数学题。 [拓展] explain的名词形式为explanation, 为可数名词。 His explanations are always difficult to believe.他的解释总是令人难以置信。 【经典练】 1．—Do you know anything about our project?   —We are not sure. You must ____ your plan and how you are getting on with it. A．excuse B．explain C．explain to D．explore 【答案】B 【详解】句意“你知道关于我们的计划的一些事情吗？-我还不确定，但你要解释一下你的计划以及你如何进展你的计划的”。excuse原谅，为……申辩；explore探索；explain解释，explain sth to sb向某人解释，根据句意，故选B。 2．Our teacher was ________ to spend a lot of time ________ the thing to us. A．nice enough; explaining B．enough nice; explain C．nice enough; to explain D．enough nice; explaining 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们的老师很好，花了很多时间向我们解释这件事。考查enough的用法以及非谓语动词。enough修饰形容词时位于形容词之后，首先排除BD两项；spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选A。 考点 14. cut in (on sb/sth) 打断(谈话)，插嘴 Don't cut in on your mother when she is talking.你妈妈讲话时，不要插嘴。 [拓展] cut in on还可表示“加入；干预；拦住”。 I think I should cut in on what they are doing.我想我应该对他们所做的事情进行干预。 He was stopped when he tried to cut in on the queue. 他试图超车的时候被人拦住了。 I would like to cut in on this project.我愿意加入这个项目。 【经典练】 1．I think we should _________ people not to _________ too many trees. A．call on; cut down B．call at; cut up C．call in; cut off D．cut up; cut off 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为我们应该号召人们不要砍伐太多的树。考查动词短语辨析。call on号召；call at拜访；call in召集；cut up切碎；cut down砍倒；cut off切断。根据“...people not to...too many trees.”可知，应该是号召人们不要砍伐太多的树。故选A。 2．It’s impolite ________ others when they are speaking. A．to cut on in B．to cut in on C．cutting on in D．cutting in on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：别人说话时插嘴是不礼貌的。考查不定式作主语与动词短语辨析。cut on in错误表达；cut in on打断，插嘴。根据“It’s impolite… others when they are speaking.”可知，此处应为It固定句型，构成为It is+adj.+to do，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，表示别人说话时插嘴不礼貌。故选B。 考点 15. leave the tap running 使水龙头一直流着 [点拨] leave作使役动词，意为“使/让……保持某种状态”，后接形容词、动词不定式、分词、名词或介词短语等作宾语补足语。 Leave the door open when you go out.你出去时，不要关门。 He went out, leaving his papers lying open on the desk. 他出去时，把他的试卷摊在了书桌上。 [拓展] (1)leave 还可译为“留下；丢下；落下”，常表示“把某物落在/忘在某地”。 I left my key in the reading room.我把钥匙忘在阅览室了。 (2)leave sb alone意为“让某人单独留下”，相当于leave sb by oneself或leave sb on one's own。 Don't leave Jim waiting outside all the time.不要让吉姆一直在外面等着。 Mrs Green always leaves her daughter at home alone. 格林夫人总是把她的女儿单独留在家里。 (3)leave的过去分词为left, 常用作后置定语，意为“剩下的”。 Is there any water left in the bottle?瓶子里还有水吗？ (4)leave 作名词，意为“假期”。 He asked his teacher for sick leave.他向老师请了病假。 【经典练】 1．Don’t forget to say “goodbye” to your teachers before you _________ school ________ home. A．left; for B．leave; to C．leave; for D．are leaving; to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在你离开学校回家时，不要忘记对你的老师说“再见”。考查动词短语及时态。本句是before引导的时间状语从句，主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时，故排除选项A和D；leave...for...意为“离开某地去某地”，为动词短语。故选C。 2．—When ________ he leave for the city? —He ________ next week. A．does, will leave B．does, leaves C．has, has left 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——他什么时候去城里？——他下周离开。考查动词时态。第一个空是按日程表将要发生的动作或事件，需用一般现在时，主语是“he”，故填does；根据“next week下周”可知，第二个空用一般将来时，其谓语结构是：will+动词原形。故填will leave。故选A。 考点16. keep sb from… 使某人免受…… We should keep Millie from trouble.我们应该使米莉免受烦恼。 [拓展] keep sb from doing sth 意为“阻止某人做某事”，其中from不可省略；其同义短语为stop/prevent sb from doing sth，其中from可以省略。keep sb doing sth 意为“让某人一直做某事”。 Nothing can keep us from realizing our dreams.没有什么能够阻止我们实现我们的梦想。 He kept me answering the same question.他一直让我回答同一个问题。 【经典练】 1．We can’t always keep ourselves ________ making mistakes, but need to learn from them. A．by B．with C．from D．to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们不能总是阻止自己犯错，而是需要从错误中学习。考查介词辨析。by通过……；with和……一起；from从……；to到，向……。根据“keep”及“making mistakes”可知，此处为固定搭配keep sb from doing sth，意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选C。 2．—We should keep children off electricity. —Right. It’s dangerous. A．cut ... off B．keep ... away from C．turn ... off 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们应该让孩子远离电源。——对的。这很危险。考查动词短语辨析。cut ... off切掉；keep ... away from远离；turn ... off关闭。由“We should keep children off electricity.”可知我们应该让孩子远离电源，B选项与划线短语意思相近。故选B。 考点17.hold 17. We are going to hold a talk on good table manners.我们将要举行一个关于良好的餐桌礼仪的座谈会。 hold的用法如下： (1)用作及物动词 ①意为“拿住，握住，抓住”。 He always holds a book in his hand.他总是手里拿着本书。 ②意为“容纳，装得下”。 How many people does the room hold? 这个房间容纳多少人？ ③意为“留下，保留；保存”。 You may hold your opinion, but you have to obey orders. 你可以保留你的意见，可你必须执行命令。 (2)用作不及物动词，意为“同意，赞成，（与……）持相同意见（与with连用）”。 Put your hand up if you hold with me.同意的请举手。 (3) hold on不要挂断电话，等一下；继续。 - Can I speak to Mr Wang? 我可以和王先生通话吗？ - Hold on. He is in the next room.等一下。他在隔壁的房间。 【经典练】 1．—Mary, do you know ________ the art festival next Friday? —Yes. In our school hall. A．where did we hold B．where we held C．where will we hold D．where we will hold 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——玛丽，你知道我们下周五在哪里举行艺术节吗？——是的。在我们学校的礼堂里。考查宾语从句。此句为宾语从句，根据“next Friday”可知，从句时态用一般将来时，结构为“will do”，排除A、B选项；宾语从句的语序为陈述语序，排除C选项。故选D。 2．The 19th Asian Games __________ in Hangzhou in September, 2023. A．hold B．is held C．will hold D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：第19届亚运会将于2023年9月在杭州举行。考查谓语动词时态和语态。根据“September, 2023.”可知是将来的时间，应用一般将来时，主语和hold是动宾关系，需用被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态结构为will be done。故选D。 3．—The Winter Olympic Games ________ from February 4th, 2022 to February 20th, 2022 in Beijing. —Yes! Beijing is called “Double Olympic City”. A．held B．is held C．was held D．will be hold 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——冬奥会于2022年2月4日至2022年2月20日在北京举行。——是的！北京被称为“双奥运城”。考查动词时态和语态。主语“The Winter Olympic Games冬奥会”和谓语动词hold之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态，结合时间状语“ from February 4th, 2022 to February 20th, 2022 in Beijing.”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以这里用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 一．语法精讲 too…to太….的用法 1. “too+形容词或副词+to+动词原形”，通常翻译成“太…而不能…” The ice is too thin to bear your weight. The firm is too small to compete against large companies. 2.for sb引出不定式的逻辑主语 根据语境的需要，不定式前可以带有一个由介词for引出的逻辑主语。 The road was too narrow for cars to pass. He spoke rather too quickly for me to understand. enough to的用法 用作形容词.意思是“足够的,充分的”,修饰名词时放在名词前面,也可以放在被修饰的名词后面常用句式为：enough＋名词＋for sb./ sth.或者 enough＋名词＋（for sb.）to do. There is enough food for all the people. I have enough time to collect the stamps. 有些形容词不能被 enough 修饰,如 glad, pleased等;可以被enough 修饰的形容词有old, poor, rich， clever, strong, high, tall, wide, wise 等 如：他看见你很开心。 正:He is very glad to see you. 误:He is glad enough to see you. “形容词/副词＋not enough (for sb.) to do sth. 可以与“too＋形容词/副词＋(for sb.）to do sth.”相互转换,只是这两个句子中的形容词要互为反义词,前一句型要用否定句,它也可以与“so...that...”句型相互转换。 例如：箱子太重他搬不动。 The box is too heavy for him to carry. =The box is not light enough for him to carry. =The box is so heavy that he can't carry it. The money is enough for me to buy a gift for my mum. 2、 单元写作 本单元写作要求同学们能用所学的词语和句型简单地介绍良好的礼仪。介绍的内容主要为礼仪的目的、时间场合、列举不良礼仪以及提出合理化建议等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点： 1. 能用一般现在时等正确的时态； 2. 能正确使用祈使句或者情态动词； 3. 能利用逻辑连接词等突出逻辑和层次； 4. 能有意识地使用多种句式丰富内容。 【词汇积累】 ①餐桌文化table manners ②不礼貌的impolite ③握手shake hands ④制定计划make plans ⑤ 最后但不是最不重要的 last but not least ⑥ 记住去做某事remember to do sth ⑦就……发表讲话give a speech on ⑧最好做某事had better do sth. ⑨眼神交流make eye contact ⑩代替instead of ⑪ 对某人有礼貌be polite to sb ⑫注意……pay attention to ... 【句式积累】 ※ 开头句 1.我很高兴你能在寒假期间来看我。让我告诉你一些中国的餐桌礼仪。 I’m happy that you can come to see me during the winter holiday. Let me tell you some Chinese table manners. 2.今天，我代表全班同学做一个题为“礼貌造就最好的学校”的演讲。 Today, on behalf of my class, I will give a speech on “Good manners make the nicest school”. 3.我们将举行一次关于图书馆礼仪的讲座。 We are going to hold a talk on library manners. 4.在我们的日常生活中，做一个有礼貌的人是非常重要的。 It’s very important to be a person with good manners in our daily life. 5.作为一名中学生，我们应该有礼貌。 As a middle school student, we should have good manners. 6.作为学生，我们有责任做一个有礼貌的人。 As students, it is our duty to be a person with good manners. ※ 中间句 1.为了表示尊敬，在老人动手之前，你不能用筷子。 1.To show respect, you mustn’t use your chopsticks before the old man starts. 2.让别人久等并非不礼貌。 2.Keeping others waiting is not impolite. 3.至于家庭规则，你最好计划在朋友家里见他们。 3.As for house rules, you’d better make plans to meet some friends at their home. 4.吃饭的时候，我们需要一只手拿着碗，另一只手夹着筷子。 4.When we eat, we need to hold the bowl in one hand and chopsticks in the other. 5.不用筷子的时候，我们可以把筷子放在桌子上，但不能玩筷子，也不能把筷子指向别人。 5.When chopsticks are not in use, we can put them on the table, but we cannot play with them or point them at others. 6.在课堂上，我们认真听老师讲课并做一些笔记是非常重要的。 6.In class, it’s very important for us to listen to the teachers carefully and take some notes. ※ 结尾句 1.希望这些东西对你有帮助，希望你在这里度过一个美好的学年！ 1.Hope these things will help you and hope you will have a good school year here! 2.我期待着很快见到你。我会告诉你更多关于中国餐桌礼仪的知识。 2.I’m looking forward to meeting you soon. And I’ll tell you more about Chinese table manners. 3.从现在起，如果我们每个人都尽自己的一份力量，我们的学校将成为最好的学校。 3.If each of us does our part from now on, our school will become the nicest one. 4.这些规则很重要，因为它们能确保每个人在图书馆都感到舒适。 4.These rules are important because they make sure that everyone feels comfortable in the library. 5.只有这样，我们进步，成为有礼貌的人。 5.Only in this way can we be improved to be persons with good manners. 6.总之，良好的礼貌可以带来改变，并带来更美好的未来。 6.In a word, good manners can make a difference and lead to a better future. 7.我希望每个人都知道一些餐桌礼仪，这样我们才能表现得更好。 7.I hope everyone knows some table manners so that we can behave better. 8.如果每个人都尽力做一个有礼貌的人，我们的社会就会变得和平，世界就会变得越来越美丽。 8.If everyone tries his best to be a person with good manners, our society will become peaceful and the world will be more and more beautiful. 【谚语积累】 1.Without learning manners, one cannot stand firm.不学礼，无以立 2.A person cannot live well without manners, things cannot be achieved without etiquette, and a country cannot be peaceful without etiquette人无礼则不生，事无礼则不成，国家无礼则不宁 3.Manners are all about calming things down.礼仪周全能息事宁人。 4.The most appetizing thing at a banquet is the host's manners.在宴席上最让人开胃的就是主人的礼节。 5.If there are manners, it is safe; if not, it is dangerous有礼则安，无礼则危 请根据下列提示,以"Good Manners, Our Duty"为题,写一篇短文。提示： (1) 遵守校纪，不乱扔废弃物，保持校园清洁； (2)爱护花草树木，让校园充满绿色； (3)不追逐哄闹，举止文明； (4)关爱他人，让校园充满爱。 要求: 1)文中不得出现你的真实姓名和班级； 2)语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范； 3)包含以上要点，并适当发挥，词数不少于80。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【审题思路】 1、题干解读：题目要求以“Good Manners, Our Duty”为题,写一篇短文。要求包含所给提示，详细具体的写出作为学生应该有的礼貌和职责。 2、写作指导：本文应该以第三人称来叙述内容；时态采用一般现在时为主；描述学生的职责时，应详细具体，并且保证条理清晰。 【佳作欣赏】 Good Manners, Our Duty As students, it is our duty to be a person with good manners. Good manners are very important in our lives. They help us to get on well with each other. A person with good manners is kind and polite, and he does not laugh at people who are in trouble. Instead, he tries to help them. He knows to help others means to help himself. He doesn't throw rubbish everywhere and does what he can to keep the school clean and tidy. He takes care of trees and grass and makes the school full of green plants. He doesn't run after others and he acts politely. If everyone tries his best to be a person with good manners, our society will become peaceful and the world will be more and more beautiful. Let's be a person with good manners. 【重点单词】 manners    【复数】 礼貌，礼仪 cut in  (on sb/sth)    打断（谈话），插嘴 politely    [pə'laɪtli]    礼貌地 litter    ['lɪtə]     垃圾，杂物 tap    [tæp]    水龙头；旋塞 run    [rʌn]     流动；v. 奔跑，跑步 pick    [pɪk]     采，摘；v. 挑选，精选 obey    [əʊˈbeɪ]    遵守，顺从 queue   [kjuː]   （人、车等）排队等候 turn     [tɜːn]     轮流,旋转v.使旋转,翻过来 proper    [ˈprɒpə] adj.    符合习惯的；正确的 greet    [griːt]     问候，打招呼 shake sb's hand     与某人握手 kiss    [kɪs]     亲吻 close    [kləʊz]     亲密的；严密的 conversation    [ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən]    （非正式）交谈，谈话 avoid    [əˈvɒɪd]    避免 subject    ['sʌbdʒɪkt]    话题，主题 behave    [bɪˈheɪv]    表现 public    ['pʌblɪk]   民众，群体 in public    公开地，在别人面前 push    [pʊʃ]     推，挤 push in     (英)插队,加塞,(美) bump   [bʌmp]    撞，碰 in one's way     挡住某人的路 touch    [tʌtʃ]     触摸，碰 excuse    [ɪks'kjuːz]     原谅，宽恕 excuse me   劳驾 till   [tɪl]   到…时，直到…为止 as well (as)    也，还有 loudly    ['laʊdli]    大声地 as   [æz]     正如，如同 saying    [ˈseɪɪŋ]     谚语，格言 by accident     偶然，意外地 discussion     [dɪ'skʌʃən]    讨论 express     [ɪks'pres]     表达 public    ['pʌblɪk]   民众，群体 explain    [ɪks'pleɪn]    解释 keep sb from sth    保护，使免受 warn    [wɔːn]    警告，告诫 parking   ['pɑːkɪŋ]    停车 litter    ['lɪtə]     垃圾，杂物 successful    [səkˈsesfʊl]    成功的 sometimes    ['sʌmtaɪmz]  (some time)    在某时 soon after    不久以后 risk    [rɪsk]     冒险做 worm     [wɜːm]    软体虫，蠕虫 pain    [peɪn]    痛，疼痛 gain    [ɡeɪn]    收获 indeed    [ɪnˈdiːd]    真正地 practice    ['præktɪs]    练习；训练；实践 candle    ['kændl]     蜡烛 purpose     [ˈpɜːpəs]     目的 content    [kənˈtent]    内容；目录 conclusion    [kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n]    总结，归纳 guest    [ɡest]     客人，宾客 host    [həʊst]    主人，主持 above all     尤其是，首先 impolite    [ˌɪmpə'laɪt]    不礼貌的 【词汇拓展】 1. polite adj. → politely(adv.) 2. proper adj. → properly(adv.) 3. loud adj. → loudly (adv.) 4. say v. →saying (n.) 谚语 5. discuss v. →discussion (n.) 6. park v. →parking (n.) 停车 7. polite adj. →impolite (反义词) 8. warn v. → warning (n.) 【重点短语】 1. cut in on sb/sth    打断(谈话)，插嘴   2.  drop litter everywhere    到处扔垃圾 3. keep quiet      保持安静 4 leave the tap running    使水龙头一直流着  5.  pick flowers    摘花 6. obey traffic rules     遵守交通规则 7.  invite sb to do sth    邀请某人做某事  8. keep the library clean    保持图书馆干净 9.  the proper way to do sth    做某事的恰当方式  10. say hello to sb    向某人问好   11. for the first time    第一次   12. talk about    谈论   13. in public    在公共场合 14.  laugh loudly   大声地笑  15. by accident    偶然地，意外地  16. greet each other    互相问候  17. any time    任何时候；随时 18.  on one's own    单独  19. join the discussion    加入到讨论中   20. express oneself clearly    清楚地表达自己  21. write down    写下，记下   22.  be busy with/doing sth    忙于(做)某事   23. warn sb of sth    警告某人某事  24. keep sb away from danger    使某人远离危险   25. no smoking    禁止吸烟   26. soon after　不久以后   27. in order to    为了   28．make one's dream come true    使某人的梦想成为现实    29. practise doing sth    练习做某事   30. the purpose of    ……的目的  31.above all     首要的是 32. in one's way挡住某人的路   【重点句子】 1.霍波，你现在够大了，要学习有关礼仪的东西了。 You're old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo. 2. 他们谈论天气、假期、音乐、书或其他的东西。  They talk about the weather, holidays, music, books or something else． 3. 那儿的人在公共场合举止礼貌吗？ Do people there behave politely in public？ 4. 他们认为插到别人前面是粗鲁的。 They think it's rude to push in before others. 5. 就像谚语说的“入乡随俗”。  Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do　．” 6. 基蒂非常忙于上舞蹈课。  Kitty was very busy with her dancing lessons. 7. 这些规则是重要的，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在就餐时都舒服。 These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. 【重点语法】 1. be +adj.+enough +to do 2. be +too +adj.+to do  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$