03 代词（知识清单）-小学英语语法专项系列（译林版三起）

专题03 代词 代词基本用法 一、人称代词，物主代词，反身代词用法概述 这三种代词都有人称（一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化，以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）的变化。其中，人称代词除了这三种变化外，还有格（主格、宾格）的变化。 物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意：形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。 这三种代词的形式变化表如下： 人称 单复数 主 格 宾 格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身代词 第一 人称 单 数 I me my mine myself 复 数 we us our ours ourselves 第二 人称 单 数 you you your yours yourself 复 数 you you your yours yourselves 第三 人称 单 数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its 无 itself 复 数 they them their theirs themselves 二、人称代词的用法 (1) 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。 如：I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student. Lucy is very beautiful, and she likes singing. The boys are students, and they are in the room. The dog is small. It is Tom's. (2)人称代词的句法功能 (A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。 (B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语。 如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语) She and I are good friends(主语). (C) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。 如：I saw him at the bus stop.(宾语). I bought a book for them.(作介词宾语) =I bought them a book.(间接宾语) ☆注意： a.在口语中，人称代词的主格形式作表语时，常常可以用宾格替换。 如：It can't be he/him. ——Is this Mr. Green? ——Yes, this is he/him. b. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如： “I like English.” “Me too=I like English too.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。” ——Who did it? ——Them.(=They did it) 三、物主代词的用法 （1）定义： 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语，相当于一个形容词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，相当于一个名词词组，可以单独使用，在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如： Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容词性物主代词） My sister lost her book. Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词) (2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能 a. 作主语 如： May I use your pen? Yours works better. b. 作宾语 如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。 c. 作介词宾语 I am writing with your pen, not with mine. d. 作表语 如：My life is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。 （3）形容词性物主代词的用法 (A) 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其顺序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词。如: my new bike 我的新自行车 (B) 形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。如: my pen 我的钢笔 his books 他的书 (C) 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它后面必须跟名词,即在名词前作定语。 如: 这是我的钢笔. [误]This pen is my. [正]This is my pen. (D) 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词a, an或the来修饰名词。如: 那是我的自行车. [误]That is my a bike. / That is a my bike. [正]That is my bike. (3)当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词this, that, these或those来修饰名词。 如: 他们的电脑在这儿。 [误]Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.) [正]Their computers are here. ※注意：(A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词，或代词one。它总是单独出现在句中。 如：The umbrella is mine. He likes my pen. He doesn’t like hers. (B) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。 如：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. (C) 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构. 如： Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's. His cap 意为 The cap is his. (D) 可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，=one of my friends；但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。 四、反身代词的用法 （1）定义： 如人称代词一致，反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。 （2）反身代词的句法功能 反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。 如： She is too young to look after herself. （宾语） I don't blame you, I blame myself(宾语). He cut himself when he was cooking.(宾语) That poor boy was myself.（表语） 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 注意：反身代词用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如： I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。 He doesn't feel himself today. 五、指示代词的用法 （1）指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如： 　　 单数　　　　　　　　　　 复数 　　限定词：This girl is May.　　 Those women are my teachers. 代 词：This is May.　　　 Those are my teachers. （2）指示代词的句法功能 指示代词主要有四个，即this, that, these 和 those。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 This is my book.(主语) I want that.(宾语) My book is that.(表语) I like that dress.(定语) 注意： 1. 用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用 this。如： ——She is a clever girl. ——Who said that? 2. 在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用that指对方： Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗? 3.指示代词this, that 和these在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句。 如：（对）That is my teacher.　那是我的老师。（that作主语，指人） 　　（对）He is going to marry this girl.　他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词） 　　（错）He is going to marry this.　（this作宾语时不能指人） 　　（对）I bought this.　我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语） 六、疑问代词的用法 1. 疑问代词即指who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 如： What did she say? 她怎么说? Which are our books? 哪些是我们的书? What are you worrying about? 你为什么事烦恼? 注意：1. who和whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语，不用作定语；what, which, whose 则既可用作主语、宾语和表语，也可用作定语。 2. what与 which的用法区别：当选择的范围较明确时，用 which；当选择的范围不明确时，用 what。 如： Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色，你喜欢哪种？ What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的？ 七、不定代词的用法 （1）定义： 不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。 （2）种类 英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。 （3）不定代词的句法功能 ①作主语，例： Both（of us） are right． （我们）两人都对。 Either（of the answers） is correct． 两个回答不论哪一个都对。 Neither（of the answers） is correct． 两个回答哪一个都不对。 Is everybody here？ 大家都到了吗？ ②作宾语，例： He gave two to each（of them）． 他给（他们）每人两个。 I like none of the books． 这些书我全不喜欢。 ③作表语，例： That’s nothing． 没什么。 Is that all you want to know？ 你想知道的就是这些吗？ ④作定语，例： Every room is clean and tidy． 每一个房间都很整洁。 Everybody’s business is nobody’s business．人人都管等于没人管。（谚） ☆不定代词是英语所有代词中最重要的一类，也是小学英语中最常考的一类，复习时应注意以下几点： 1. some和 any的比较 不定代词some，any都是“一些”的意思，都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中；而any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中. 例： Tom has some picture books． 汤姆有几本图画书。 Have you any questions？ 你有问题吗？ There aren’t any pictures on the wall． 墙上没有图片 ☆注意：在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any。 如： Would you like some water? 你想来点水吗? 2. 指两者和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，具体使用时要根据一定的上下文正确选用。 如： Both of us are Chinese. I like all my teachers. 注：each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用 each，不能用 every。如： There are trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有树。 3. (a) few 与 (a) little。few和a few 后接复数名词，而little和a little后接不可数名词。其中不带不定冠词的 few 和 little表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有否定意义；而带有不定冠词的a few 和 a little 则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义。如： He knew few of them. 他们中间他认识的人很少。 He sold only a few of the papers. 他只卖出了几份报纸。 He knew little about it. 他对此知道得很少。 There is still a little left. 还剩一点点。 4.other, the other, another, others的用法。指单数时，若泛指用another，若特指用the other；指复数时，若泛指用other(后接复数名词)或others(其后不接名词)，若特指用the other (后接复数名词)或the others(其后不接名词)。 如： Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。 Show me another. 另拿一个给我看。 We should think of others. 我们应该多为别人着想。 Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里? 注：another后一般要单数可数名词，但若其后的名词有数词或 few 修饰，则也可接复数名词。 如：I've got another five minutes. 我还有5分钟。 5. no one, nobody, none 的用法。no one 与nobody 用法相似，均只用于指人不用于指物，且其后不能接of短语，用作主语时谓语单数；而none 既可用于指人也可用于指物，其后通常接of短语，用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指复数名词，则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体)。 如： No one [Nobody] has read it. 没有人读过它。 None of this milk can be used. 这牛奶一点都不能用了。 None of the films is [are] worth seeing. 没有一部电影值得看。 6. 复合不定代词的用法。复合不定代词主要包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。其中something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。使用时应请注意以下几点： (1) 受定语修饰时，定语应置于其后。 如： Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事。 There was nobody tired. 没有一个人很累。 (2) anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语，可用 any one, every one (即分开写)。 专题综合测试 一、写出下列代词的宾格形式及其形容词性物主代词。 1.I ______ ______ 2. you ______ ______ 3.she ______ ______ 4.he ______ ______ 5.it ______ ______ 6. we ______ ______ 7. they ______ ______ 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.At the weekend, some people enjoy ______ (they) at the cinema. 2.Is this yellow dress _______ (she)? 3. We all enjoy _______ at the party(we). 4. Be quiet. Please don't disturb _______ (he). 5. If the ID card is yours, call ______ (she) at 685-6034. 6.The blue hat is not Alice's. ______ (she) is yellow. 7. This is not your book. It is ______ (my). 8.—Is that ______ (you) computer? —No, it is ______ (she). 9. I made it by ______ (my). 10. You can speak to ______ (he). 11. Rabbits are white and lovely. ______ like jumping and running. Do you like ______ (they)? 12.—Mike, are these ______ (we) storybooks? —Yes, they're ______ (we). 13. The girl behind ______ (I) is my friend. 14. Let ______ (we) go to the park. 15. I have a cat. ______ (it) name is Mimi. 16. It's a tiger. Don't touch ______ (it). It's dangerous. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1.这是一辆汽车。 _______ is a car. 2.那是一辆自行车吗? ______ _______ a bike? 3.这些苹果是绿色的，而那些苹果是红色的。 ________ apples are green, but ______ are red. 4.你是谁?你是南希吗? ______ are you? ______ _______ Nancy? 5.请这边走。 ______ way, please. 6.那是我的学校,我非常喜欢它。 ______ is ______ school, and ______ like it very much. 7.这支钢笔是她的。 The pen is _______. 8.(打电话)喂,我是汤姆。你是大卫吗? Hello, this is Tom. Is ______ David? 9.我们应该独立做家庭作业。 We should do our homework by _______. 10.你能帮助他们吗? Can you help ________? 四、选词填空。 which who whose why what 1.— _______ is your name? —I'm Mary. 2.—______ one do you like? —The white one. 3.—______ is the girl? —My sister. 4.—______ football is this? —Sorry, I don't know. 5.—______ do you like winter? —Because I can ice-skate. 五、选用some和any填空。 1. Did you buy ______ pumpkin lanterns? 2. There are _______ candles on the cake. 3. There isn't _______ water in the bottle. 4.______ students can answer this question. 5. Can I have ______ milk? 6.I have ______ good news for you. 7. Would you like ______ bananas? 8. She did ______ exercise yesterday. 六、用正确的物主代词填空。 1. This is my book. It’s _______. 2. That is ______ pencil. It's yours. 3. That beautiful dress is Mary's. It's _______. 4. I think the dirty football is Mike's. _______ is always dirty. 5. These new books aren’t ours. They're John's and Amy's. ____ are new. 七、选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打“√”。 1. This is (my / I) mother. 2. What's (she / her) name? 3.(She / Her) is my sister. 4. I don't know (neither /either) of them. 5. Are (your / you) Miss Li? 6.(He / His) name is Mark. 7.(Everyone / Every one) of them is given an apple. 8. Nice to meet (your / you). 9. Why don't you get (anything / something) to eat? 10. There are two girls in the room. One is Kate, (others /the other) is Mary. 八、单项选择。 ( )1.They are enjoying ______ in the neighbourhood. A. their B. themselves C. them ( )2.—What do you think of the game shows? —_______are interesting and exciting. A.It B.We C. They D.Them ( )3.—Are those her books? —No, they aren't. They are ________. A.my B.me C.mine D.I ( )4.—Excuse me, is this ______ school? —No, _____ is next to the post office. A. your; our B. yours; ours C.your; ours D.you; our ( )5.His country is smaller than ________. A. we B. our C.ours D.us ( )6.Danny and Jenny can’t swim. I'll teach _______ this Sunday. A.he B.they C.them ( )7.Hey, children! These are not our storybooks. Those are _______. A. ours B. we C.us D. our ( )8._______ hair is long. But Lisa's hair is longer than ________. A.My; I B. I; me C. I; my D. My; mine ( )9.Let's give _______ a big hand. A. he B. him C.his ( )10.Please show _______ your new school. A. her B. she C.he 九、阅读短文，根据需要填上适当的人称代词或物主代词。 Look! This is my family. This is my mother. 1.______ name is Linda. 2.______ is a nurse. This is my father, 3.______ name is Tom. I'm a student, 4.______ often play football in the park. Do you often play 5.______ in the park. 专项练习答案 一、1.me my 2.you your 3.her her 4.him his 5.it its 6.us our 7.them their 二、1.themselves 2.hers 3.ourselves 4.him 5.her 6.Hers 7.mine 8.your; hers 9.myself 10.him 11.They; them 12.our; ours 13.me 14.us 15.Its 16.it 三、1.This 2.Is that 3.These; those 4.Who; Are you 5.This 6.That; my; I 7.hers 8.that 9.ourselves 10.them 四、1.What 2.Which 3.Who 4.Whose 5.Why 五、1.any 2.some 3.any 4.Some 5.some 6.some 7.some 8.some 六、1.mine 2.your 3.hers 4.His 5.Theirs 七、1.my 2.her 3.She 4.neither 5.you 6.His 7.Every one 8.you 9.something 10.the other 八、1-5：BCCCC 6-10：CADBA 九、1.Her 2.She 3.His 4.I/ We 5.it 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$