Unit 2 Section A（Grammar Focus）（精讲课件）-【精品课】 2024-2025学年七年级英语下册同步精品课件（人教版2024）

Unit Two No Rules, No Order Why do we need rules ? Section A - Grammar Focus Learning Objectives 语言能力 1 学习能力 2 文化意识 3 思维品质 4 to master the usages of imperatives and modal verbs(can, have to, must) and use them to express the rules to master the ability of learning to meet practical needs; to give information about rules in different places to follow the rules; to know the rules in different places to stimulate the interest of English learning; to lead Ss to express their thoughts Let’s listen to a song and complete the blanks. ______let them in, ______ let them see ______ the good girl you always have to be Conceal, don't feel ______ let them know Well, now they know ________ _______ Can't hold it back anymore Let it go, let it go ______ away and slam the door I don't care what they're going to say ______ the storm rage on The cold never bothered me anyway Don't don't Be don't Let it go, let it go Turn Let Don't let them in, don't let them see Be the good girl you always have to be Conceal, don't feel, don't let them know Well, now they know Let it go, let it go Can't hold it back anymore Let it go let it go Turn away and slam the door What do they have in common? 动词原形开头 没有主语 句子单词数量较少 表示“劝告” 祈使句 Rule 4: ___ prepared (准备好的) for class. Rule 5: ______ sleeping in class. Be No ______ sleep in class. Don’t Rule 1: ______ cellphones in class. Rule 2: ______ your hand to speak. Rule 3: _________ your classmates and your teacher. No Respect ______ use cellphones in class. Raise Don’t 祈使句 imperative Sentence 缺少主语 ______ obey the rules. _______ break the rules Let’s Let’s not 表示命令、请求、劝告、警告和禁止等的句子。 Presentation Let’s learn imperatives 祈使句 英语句子按照用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。 祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。 祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头，否定式在动词原形前加don’t。 Raise your hand to speak. Don’t sleep in class. 肯定句：________ (+宾语)+其他. 否定句：_____+动词原形 (+宾语) +其他. 1. 上学日请穿校服。 Wear the school uniform on weekdays, please. Don’t watch TV before dinner. 2. 晚饭前不要看电视。 Do型祈使句 动词原形 Don’t Come in! Don’t come in! Do型祈使句 Go along this street and turn left. Practise the guitar every day. Don’t practise the guitar every day. 肯定：动词原形+宾语 +其它成分 否定：在句首加don’t。 9 Be prepared for class. Be型祈使句 肯定句：____+表语+其他. 否定句：______+be+表语 +其他. 1. 下次要细心。 Be careful next time. 2. 图书馆不要吵闹! Don’t be noisy in the library! =Be quiet in the library. Be Don’t Be careful when you cross the street. 肯定： Be+表语 (名词或形容词 + 其它成分) 否定： 句首加don’t。 Be型祈使句 Be quite in the library. Don’t be late for class. Let’s obey the rules. Let’s not break the rules. 肯定句：____+宾语+_________+其他. 否定句：____+let+宾语+动词原形+其他. 或Let+宾语+___+动词原形+其他. 1. 咱们休息一下吧。 Let’s have a rest. 2. 不要让他去游泳。 Don’t let him go swimming. =Let him not go swimming. Let 动词原形 Don’t not Let’s型祈使句 Let型祈使句 Let’s go! Don’t let him go. Let’s not go there. 肯定： Let +宾语+动词原形 +其它成分 否定： 句首加don’t / Let + not +动词原形 +其它成分 常用于第一人称和第三人称，表示建议和劝说等。 No型祈使句 No+v-ing! / No+名词! 3. 禁止钓鱼! 2. 禁止停车! 1. 禁止拍照! No fishing! No parking! No photos! No cellphones in class. No sleeping in class. 注意： “No+名词/动词⁃ing形式”表示禁止或规劝，常用于公共场所。 e.g. No photos! 禁止拍照！ No smoking！ 禁止吸烟！ 为表示礼貌，祈使句经常在句首或句末加please。 句开用please时，前面通常加逗号。 e.g. Please write and tell me about yourself. Please call Karen at 555-8823. Come in, please. 肯定祈使句 ① Do型祈使句 ② Be型祈使句 ③ Let型祈使句 否定祈使句 动原+其他 Don’t+动词原形+其他 Be+表语+其他 Let+宾语+动原+其他 Don’t+be+表语+其他 Don’t+let+宾语+动原+其他 Let+宾语+not+动原+其他 表示 “禁止” ④ No型祈使句 No+动词-ing! No+名词! 祈使句歌诀 祈使句，祈使句，请求、命令或建议。 主语是______常省去，_________开头记。 否定形式要注意，______放到句首去。 要讲客气用______，句首、句末没关系。 No doing! 需提起，表示________不小觑。 you 动词原形 Don’t please “禁止” Let’s summarize Read the sentences. Do the verbs in red need to change forms? Why? Walk in the hallway. Don’t run! Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter. No, they don’t. Because they are imperative sentences. Find more imperative sentences in “Section A”. Don’t be late for school. Arrive on time. Don’t run in the hallways. Don’t eat in the classroom. Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy. Wear the school uniform. Be polite and treat everyone with respect. Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question. 动词原形开头 Don’t+ 动词原形开头 Let’s practice Don’t be 1. It’s an important meeting. (not, be) late. 2. (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping. 3. (not, talk) and (read) aloud. 4. The notice on the wall says “ ”. (no smoke) 5. (look) out! A car is coming. 6. (not, let) the baby cry. 7. Let’s (not say) anything about it. Don’t talk Don’t make read No smoking Look Don’t let not say Can you find other ways to express the rules? Have a think: 1. 情态动词在用法上有什么共同点？ 2. can在本单元主要表示什么含义？它还可表达什么意思？ 3. have to在句法上与其他情态动词有何区别？ You mustn’t litter. / You can’t litter. Can we bring our phones to class? No, we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers. Can we eat snacks in class? No, we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dinning hall. 和动词原形连用 表许可；表能力 Read the sentences. Do the verbs in red need to change forms? Why? 情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如请求、许可、意愿、可能等。 在形式上，情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。 有的情态动词没有时态的变化，如must。 情态动词本身不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形连用。 常见的情态动词有can、may、must、have to、should、would等。 情态动词一般有多个意义。 情态动词的否定式一般是在其后加not构成，一般疑问句通常将它提到句首。 情态动词的肯定式一般不重读。 can, have to, must can和could的用法 1. 表示能力。 e.g. We can speak a little English. I can play badminton, but I can’t play volleyball. He could swim when he was only six. 2. 表示许可。 e.g. You can play basketball at the weekend. We can’t run in the hallways. Father said I could swim in the pool. 3. 表示请求。 e.g. Can you help me with my Chinese? could也可表示请求，但比can的语气更委婉。 e.g. Could you tell him to call me back? 肯定句: 主语+can/could+动词原形+其他. 否定句： 主语+can not (can’t) / could not (couldn’t) +动词原形+其他. 一般疑问句: Can/Could+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+can. 否定回答：No, 主语+can’t. 特殊疑问句式： 疑问词(不作主语) + can/could +主语+动词原形 (+其他)?  情态动词can/could的句型结构: e.g. My sister can dance.  —Can they play the guitar? —Yes, they can. / No, they can’t. Can we go out for dinner with my friend? Could you go to the bookshop with me? What can you do? 情态动词must的句型结构 - Must I be home before 8 o'clock? - Yes, you must. / No, you needn't/don't have to. You mustn't speak like that. He must wear a uniform to school. ③ 一般疑问句及回答： ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ② 否定句：_______________________________________ ① 肯定句：_______________________________________ 主语 + must + 动词原形 + 其他. 主语 + mustn't/must not + 动词原形 + 其他. - Must + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? - Yes, 主语 + must. / No, 主语 + needn't/don't have to. mustn't表示 “不应该”、“禁止”、“不准”。语气比较强烈。 情态动词have to have to 表示“不得不；必须”，强调客观需要，有“不得不、被逼无奈做某事”的意思。 have to既有人称、单复数的变化、也有动词时态的变化。 我们在图书馆里必须保持安静。 We have to be quiet in the library. She has to do her homework first when she gets home. 她回家后必须先做作业。 I had to stay in bed last month. 上个月我不得不卧床休息。 情态动词have to的句型结构 - Does he have to go to bed now? - Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. We don't have to clean the room today. She has to look after her mother at home. ③ 一般疑问句及回答： _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ② 否定句：_______________________________________________ ① 肯定句：_______________________________________________ 主语 + have/has/had to + 动词原形 + 其他. 主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't have to + 动词原形 + 其他. - Do/Does/Did + 主语 + have to + 动词原形 + 其他? - Yes, 主语 + do/does/did. / No, 主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't. ④ 特殊疑问句：____________________________________________ 疑问词+do/does/did+主语+have to+动词原形+其他? What do you have to do? 词语 意思 相同 例句 have to 第三人称单数_____ ,疑问句或否定句要借助________,否定形式表示________ 因为他的自行车坏了,他不得不步行去上学。 must 情态动词,否定句mustn't意为_______,否定回答可以用_______或_________ 我们必须努力学习。 我必须打扫所有的房间吗？ (否定回答) 不得不 后跟动词原形 has to do;does “不必” He has to walk to school because his bike is broken. 必须 “禁止” needn’t don’t have to We must study hard. Must I clean all the rooms? No, you needn’t/don’t have to. must VS have to 相同点 不 同 点 We have to/must follow the rules. 表示“必须”，有时二者可 互换。 * We must hurry. I don't want to miss the beginning of the show. * We have to hurry. The train is leaving in five minutes. * must通常表示说话人的主观 看法，语气比较强烈； * have to往往强调客观需要。 * You mustn't talk to your mother like that. * You don't have to come if you don't want to. 它们的否定式含义大不相同。 * mustn't表示“不准；禁止”； * don't have to表示“不必”。 * I/We/You/They must do something about it. * • I have to finish my work today. • She has to work late today. • They have to clean their room. * must没有人称和数的变化。 * have to有人称和数的变化。 根据所给提示用can, have to, must 的恰当形式填空。 There is nothing in the fridge. I ________ go shopping now.  It's very warm. You ____________ wear the coat.   have to don't have to - _____ we drink water in class? - Yes, we can. Can We _______ protect the Earth. must Let’s watch! must & mustn’t Presentation 3b. Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn’t. 1. Don’t jump the queue. You _____________ wait for your turn. 插队 等待 have to / must social rule 3b. Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn’t. 2. You ________ just ask your teacher a question in class. You _________ raise your hand first. can’t have to / must class rule 3b. Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn’t. 3. A: Can I leave the class if I don’t feel well? B: Yes, but you ________ tell your teacher about it when you ________ be absent from class. 缺席 have to / must have to / must / li:v / 离开 / ˈæbsənt/ class rule 3b. Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn’t. 4. A: Hey! Can I look at your book? B: Shh, we ________ talk quietly in the library. quiet(adj.) - quietly(adv.) have to / must library rule 3b. Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn’t. 5. A: Can you put on your seat belt? We ________ wear one when we’re in a car. B: Sure. Thanks! have to / must traffic rule Let’s watch! Signs are everywhere. Presentation Grammar Focus 3c. Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs. Do not eat or drink. No eating or drinking. You can’t/ mustn‘t eat or drink. Grammar Focus 3c. Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs. Do not park. No parking. You can’t/ mustn’t park. Grammar Focus 3c. Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs. Do not take photos. No photos. You can’t/ mustn’t take photos. Grammar Focus 3c. Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs. Do not swim. No swimming. You can’t/ mustn’t swim. Grammar Focus 3c. Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs. Do not feed the birds. No feeding the birds. You can’t/ mustn’t feed the birds. 3d. In groups, brainstorm three rules for one of the places below. Then draw signs to show the rules. Share your signs in class and explain what they mean. cinema library hospital park school dining hall Computer Room Rules ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ We must be quiet in the computer room. Don’t eat or drink in the computer room. Don’t run in the computer room. Wear slippers in the computer room. Clean the computer room every day. Sample library rules In the library, we must keep quiet first. We mustn’t make noise. Second, we can’t bring any food or drink to the library. We must keep it clean and tidy. What’s more, we have to return the books after we finish reading. Let’s make the library a better place for us to study. A Library read books quietly borrow books keep quiet return books on time make noise / yell draw or write in the books run everywhere smoke in the library What can’t/mustn’t we do? What can/must we do? Brainstorm 祈使句 祈使句的定义 祈使句的基本结构 祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，往往省略。 祈使句的动词都为动词原形。 Do型 Be型 Let型 其他类型 肯定句：实义动词原形+宾语 (+其他). 否定句：Don't+实义动词原形+宾语 (+其他). 肯定句：Be+表语 (+其他). 否定句：：Don't+be+表语 (+其他). 肯定句：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 (+其他). 否定句： No + V-ing / 名词！ Never代替Don't来加强语气。 Don't+let+宾语+动词原形 (+其他). Let+宾语+not+动词原形 (+其他). can 表示请求、许可，意为“可以” 肯定句：主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + can't (cannot) + 动词原形 + 其他. 一般疑问句及回答： - Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? - Yes, 主语 + can. / No, 主语 + can't. 相同点 和不同点 must 表说话人的主观看法，表示必须、必要 肯定句：主语 + must + 动词原形 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + mustn't/must not + 动词原形 + 其他. have to 表示“不得不；必须”，强调客观需要 一般疑问句及回答： - Must + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? - Yes, 主语 + must. / No, 主语 + needn't/don't have to. 肯定句：主语 + have/has/had to + 动词原形 + 其他. 否定句： 主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't have to + 动词原形 + 其他. 一般疑问句及回答： - Do/Does/Did + 主语 + have to + 动词原形 + 其他? - Yes, 主语 + do/does/did. / No, 主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't. 特殊疑问句： 疑问词+do/does/did+主语+have to+动词原形+其他? 情态动词 queue n. 队 jump the queue 插队 1. Don’t jump the queue. 不要插队。 e.g. *the bus queue 排队等候公共汽车的人 *We stood in a queue for half an hour. 我们排了半个小时的队。 * You must never jump the queue. 你绝不能插队。 2. You must wait for your turn. 你必须等到轮到你。 wait for 等待 wait for sb. to do sth e.g. *They are waiting for their teacher. 他们正在等他们的老师。   *They are waiting for Jim to come here. 他们正在等Jim来这里。 【语境应用】请根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限。 1) 你妈妈正在等你呢。 Your mother ___________________ you. 2) 我很快就回来。请在家里等着。 I’m coming back soon. Please _________________. 3) 他们正等着见你呢。 They ____________________.  is waiting for   wait at home are waiting to see you leave v. 离开 3. Can I leave the class if I don’t feel well? 如果我不舒服，我可以离开教室吗？ e.g. * You can leave the room now. 你现在可以离开屋子了。 *He's going to leave Beijing in June. 他计划六月份离开北京。 leave for 去往…… e.g. She's leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning. 明天早上她将去往上海。 leave v. 留下 e.g. *Please leave your book on the desk. 请将你的书放在桌子上。 *Don't leave things in taxis. 不要把东西落在出租车里。 【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词(含缩略形式)。 1) 不要把书落在家里。 Don't ________ books at home.      2) 你将去往上海吗？ Are you ________ ________ Shanghai? 3) 他每天几点离开家？ What time does he ________ ________ every day?  leave leaving for leave home absent adj. 缺席的；不在的 反义词：present 出席； be absent from 缺席；不在 4. …when you have to be absent from class. 当你不得不缺课的时候。 e.g. *A: Lucy, now who is absent from the meeting? B: Alice. She is very busy, so she won't come. Lucy, 现在谁缺席会议了？ Alice。她今天非常忙，所以她不来了。 *Mr. Miller is absent from work because he goes to a doctor.   Mr. Miller今天没上班因为他去看医生了。 noise n. 声音；噪声（可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词） make noise / make a noise 吵闹；制造噪音 5. We mustn’t make noise. 我们不能制造噪音。 e.g. *I can't sleep because there's too much noise. 我睡不着，因为噪音太大了。 *Don’t make noise in public places. 不要在公共场所吵闹。 Voice noise通常指噪音，指人们听到的不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声或任何令人讨厌的声音。 sound指听到的声音或响声，用作可数名词，泛指自然界的各种声音或响声，包括人声、鸟声、流水声等。 voice指人口中发出的声音，如说话声、歌唱声。 虽然sound可以泛指一切声音，但在具体运用时，如果能确定声音属于voice或noise，则一般不使用sound。 e.g. *Mr Black doesn’t like the noise outside his office. *Gina likes listening to the sound of running water. *My music teacher has a good voice. She can sing songs very well. 【语境应用】选词填空 1) Did you hear the beautiful _______ of music from that classroom? 2) “Can I go with you?” the boy asked in a small _______. 3) The machine made so much _______ and we had to shout to each other. sound  voice  sound  noise voice  noise 1. Jim, you ___________ clean your room now. It’s so dirty. 2. You ___________ eat too much ice-cream. It’s not healthy. 3. Cindy lives with her grandparents and she __________ see her parents only on weekends. 4. My bike doesn’t work so I ____________ walk to school. 5. You ____________ do your homework right now. You __________ do it after dinner. can’t must can must / have to  can, can’t, must, have to, don’t have to I. 根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的情态动词填空。 don’t have to can Ⅱ. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。 1. You can’t draw on the desk. (改为祈使句) _______ _______ on the desk. 2. —Can you talk in the library? (补全否定答语) —No, _______ _______. 3. Steve has to go home before seven. (改为否定句) Steve _______ _______ _______ go home before seven. 4. Jane has to exercise every day. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) — _______ Jane _______ _______ exercise every day? —_______, _______ _______. I / we can’t Don’t draw doesn’t have to Does have to Yes she does I can 理解并归纳祈使句的句式结构、表意功能和用法。 理解区分情态动词can、must、have to，以及句子的结构特点和它们的表意功能。 在语境中准确使用祈使句和情态动词。 Lavf57.71.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 Lavf58.20.100 Bilibili VXCode Swarm Transcoder v0.3.73 Lavf58.20.100 vid:v0d00fg10000c79tnebc77ue703rlkl0 $$