专题2 EXERCISE 20 题型之——词句猜测-【金版教程】2025年高考英语大二轮刷题首选卷课件PPT

WELCOME UNIT PART Ⅱ　技巧娴熟练——题型突破 专题二　阅读 EXERCISE 20　题型之——词句猜测 较易题(占比60%)　中档题(占比20%)　拔高题(占比20%) 阅读 A B C D E 难度 ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★★★ 阅读题中不认识的单词及不理解的句子：研读上句、下句和本句，三句话比对终可得出答案。 A B 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 A (2024·浙江高考1月)When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ... 2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady's managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. A As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turned into a “mini community library”： any passer­by can “borrow” a book from its shelves, return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories. Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price­point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I've discovered some great books! A If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及，电话亭渐渐被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你社区图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。 A 1．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A．The play. B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. 解析：指代判断题。根据画线词所在段中的“I was conducting auditions (试演) ... more ‘young professional’．”可知，作者为了组织试演专门布置了狭小的、旧的合租房，使它看起来更像一个“年轻的专业人士”的生活空间。由此可知，it指代“合租房”。故选B。 A 2．Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A．To place an urgent call. B．To put up a notice. C．To shelter from the rain. D．To hold an audition. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。 A 3．What do we know about the “mini community library”？ A．It provides phone service for free. B．Anyone can contribute to its collection. C．It is popular among young readers. D．Books must be returned within a month. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“any passer­by can ... their own collection”可知，任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上“借”书，之后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换，由此可推知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”捐赠图书。故选B。 A 4．Why did the author start to use the “library”？ A．He wanted to borrow some love stories. B．He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C．He found there were excellent free books. D．He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“And these books were free ... I've discovered some great books！”可知，作者发现“迷你社区图书馆”里有很多免费的并且很棒的书，所以开始使用。故选C。 A 词汇：①shelter v. 躲避，避难　n. 居所；住所；庇护处　②professional adj. 职业的，专业的　n. 专业人员，专业人士　③spare adj. 备用的，闲置的；空闲的　v. 抽出，拿出(时间、金钱等) ④various adj. 各种各样的；迥异的，千差万别的　⑤turn ... into ... 把……转变为…… 佳句：If I ever get trapped outside my house again，my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. 如果我再次被困在房子外面，我的本地电话亭将无法再帮我取回我的钥匙。 A B (2024·四川省峨眉市高三高考适应性考试)Self­driving cars are just around the corner. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents. But how should driverless cars handle emergencies? People disagree on the answer. And that might put the brakes on this technology, a new study concludes. To understand the challenge,__imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road. Even with braking, it's too late to avoid a crash. So the car's artificial intelligence must decide whether to take a sharp turn. To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve (突然转向) off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic? What if such options would likely kill the car's passengers? B Researchers used online surveys to study people's attitudes about such situations with driverless cars. Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls (or otherwise sacrificing their passengers) to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a dilemma. Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs—even if the pedestrians would now end up dying. Jean Bonnefon is a psychologist at the Toulouse School of Economics in France. He and his colleagues reported their findings in Science. B “Autonomous cars can completely change transportation，” says study coauthor Iyad Rahwan. But, he adds, this new technology creates a moral dilemma that could slow its acceptance. Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot, Bonnefon's group warns. Most buyers would want their car to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people. However, regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the greater good. That would mean saving the most people. But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost. B Compromises might be possible, Kurt Gray says. He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they “won't speed, won't drive drunk and won't text while driving, which would be a win for society.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述人们对于无人驾驶汽车在遇到紧急情况时是先保护行人还是先保护乘客的问题上陷入了道德困境，这将减慢人们对它的接受速度。 B 1．The underlined word “challenge” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________． A．people's negative attitudes towards self­driving cars B．the technical problems that self­driving cars have C．how self­driving cars cope with sudden dangerous events D．how self­driving cars reduce traffic accidents 解析：指代判断题。根据第一段中的“But how should driverless cars handle emergencies ... a new study concludes.(但是无人驾驶汽车应该如何处理紧急情况呢？人们对此答案意见不一。一项新的研究得出结论，这可能会阻碍这项技术的发展。)”和第二段画线词所在句“To understand the challenge ... in the road.(为了理解这个挑战，想象一辆汽车在路上突然遇到一些行人。)”可知，challenge主要指无人驾驶汽车该如何处理紧急情况。故选C。 B 2．According to the text, online surveys show that ________． A．self­driving cars' artificial intelligence needs improvement B．the busy traffic may be a problem for self­driving cars C．self­driving cars should be designed to protect drivers D．people are in a moral dilemma about driverless cars 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Survey participants mostly agreed that ... now end up dying.”可知，网上调查表明人们对于无人驾驶汽车在遇到紧急情况时是先保护行人还是先保护乘客的问题陷入了道德困境。故选D。 B 3．What can we learn from the fifth paragraph? A．Regulations are in favour of drivers. B．Self­driving car makers are in a difficult situation. C．Most people dislike self­driving cars now. D．The potential benefits of driverless cars are ignored. 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Makers of driverless cars are ... the most people.(Bonnefon (博纳丰)的小组提醒说，无人驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难。大多数买主都希望他们的车能优先于其他人来保护自己。然而，法规也许有一天会指示汽车必须为更大的利益而行动。那就意味着要拯救大多数人。)”可知，无人驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难。故选B。 B 4．What is Kurt Gray's attitude toward self­driving cars? A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Disapproving. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He thinks that even if ... which would be a win for society.(他认为，即使所有的无人驾驶汽车都能在紧急情况下保护乘客，交通事故也会减少。这些车辆在极少数情况下可能会对行人造成危险。但它们‘不会超速，不会醉驾，也不会边开车边发短信，这将是社会的胜利。’)”可知，Kurt Gray (库尔特·盖瑞)认为无人驾驶汽车的优势多于弊端，由此可推知，他对无人驾驶汽车的态度是支持的。故选A。 B 词汇：①handle v. 处理，应付　n. 把手；柄　②crash n. 撞车事故，失事　v. 撞车；坠毁　③artificial adj. 人造的，人工的；人为的　④cut down on 减少，削减　⑤at all costs 无论如何，不惜任何代价　⑥in preference to 优先于 佳句： Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. 这样的交通工具将使人们从一个地方到另一个地方更安全，压力更小。 B C (2024·湖南省岳阳市高三三模)Debra Ferrell got the standard well wishes on Facebook on her 53rd birthday, but she got some unusual messages too. One was about a family in Minnesota who had just lost their four­year­old son to cancer. His older brother, autistic (患孤独症的) and nonverbal, was extremely sad. Could Ferrell help? C That message and the 30 or so others like it were exactly what Ferrell was looking for. To celebrate her 53rd, the longtime social service professional and well­known sweetie had put out a call on her Facebook page. She wanted to commit 53 random acts of kindness by the end of her birth month, and she needed information on people who could use one. When she got the note about the Minnesota family, she sent a wind chime (风铃) with the message “Listen to the wind and know that I am near” written on the clapper. It now hangs in the four­year­old's bedroom, where his brother can go to listen to it whenever he wants. C This is not the first time that Ferrell decided to give gifts for her birthday. For her 47th, in 2014, she founded Love With Skin On, an organization dedicated to doing good deeds near her home in Roanoke, Virginia, and beyond. Its motto is simple: Be Love, Do Stuff. Over the years, Ferrell has reached out and touched well over 100 strangers, some found via Facebook callouts, others with help from her grandkids. In another act of giving, she shares her favorite inexpensive and creative gift ideas on Pinterest for others to use. C Ferrell pays for everything herself: gift cards, pay­it­forward purchases at drive­throughs, and care packages, as well as the gas it takes to play fairy godmother. Her family often gives her some extra birthday cash with a serious warning not to spend it on anyone else, which she naturally ignores. “I got a couple of Amazon gift cards for my birthday this year and was like ‘YESSS！’” It's Ferrell's party, and she'll give if she wants to. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Debra Ferrell (黛布拉·费雷尔)在她53岁生日时收到别人的求助信息并给予帮助和她长期致力于帮助他人的故事。 C 1．What did Debra Ferrell receive on her birthday? A．Messages asking for help. B．Random acts of kindness. C．Gifts from Love With Skin On. D．Wishes on different social media. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“but she got ... Could Ferrell help”可知，Ferrell在她生日那天收到了请求帮助的信息。故选A。 C 2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The clapper. B．The wind chime. C．The message. D．The note. 解析：指代判断题。根据第二段中的“When she got the note ... whenever he wants.(当她收到关于明尼苏达州家庭的信息时，她寄出了一个风铃，上面写着‘听风，知道我在附近’。现在它挂在四岁孩子的卧室里，他的哥哥可以随时去那里听。)”可知，挂在孩子卧室里的是Ferrell赠送的风铃，句中It指代上文提及的风铃。故选B。 C 3．What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A．Ferrell will hold a party. B．Ferrell cares little about her family. C．Ferrell will continue helping strangers. D．Ferrell pays for everything for her family. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Her family often gives her ... and she'll give if she wants to.”可知，虽然家人要求Ferrell不要把钱花在其他人身上，但是Ferrell仍然会继续帮助陌生人。故选C。 C 4．Which of the following words can best describe Ferrell? A．Generous and loving. B．Selfless and independent. C．Warm­hearted and tolerant. D．Determined and demanding. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For her 47th ... Be Love, Do Stuff.”以及最后一段中的“Her family often gives her ... and she'll give if she wants to.”可知， Debra Ferrell长期致力于帮助他人，还会买东西送给寻求帮助的陌生人，由此可推知，她既慷慨又有爱心。故选A。 C 词汇：①extremely adv. 极度，非常　②commit v. 犯(罪、错)；调拨，投入；(使)承诺，承担义务　③random adj. 任意的，随机的　④purchase n．& v. 购买，采购　⑤(be) dedicated to 致力于；献身于 佳句：Her family often gives her some extra birthday cash with a serious warning not to spend it on anyone else, which she naturally ignores. 她的家人经常给她一些额外的生日现金，并严肃警告她不要把这些钱花在别人身上，她自然不会理会。 C D (2024·辽宁省部分学校高三联合模拟)One summer night in a seaside cottage, a boy felt himself lifted from bed. Then, with the swiftness of a dream, he was held in his father's arms out onto the nearby beach. Overhead the sky blazed with stars. “Watch！” Incredibly, as his father spoke, one of the stars moved. In a line of golden fire it flashed across the astonished heavens. And before the wonder of this could fade, another star leaped from its place, then another, plunging towards the restless sea. “What's this？” the child whispered. D “Shooting stars. They come every year on a certain August night. I thought you'd like to see the show.” That was all: just an unexpected glimpse of something mysterious and beautiful. But,__back__in__bed,__the__child__stared__for__a__long__time__into__the__dark,__knowing__that__all__around__the__quiet__house,__the__night__was__full__of__the__silent__music__of__the__falling__stars. D Decades have passed, but I remember that night still, because I was the fortunate boy whose father believed that a new experience was more important for a small boy than an unbroken night's sleep. No doubt I had all the usual childhood entertainment, but those are forgotten now. What I remember is the night of the shooting stars, and the day we rode in a caboose (列车末尾的职工车厢), the telegraph we made that really worked, and the “trophy table” in the dining room where we children were encouraged to exhibit things we had found—anything unusual or beautiful—snake skins, seashells, flowers, arrowheads ... I remember the thought­provoking (引人深思的) books left by my bedside that pushed back my horizons and sometimes actually changed my life. D My father had, to a marvellous degree, the gift of opening doors for his children, of leading them into areas of splendid newness. This subtle art of adding dimensions to a child's world doesn't necessarily require a great deal of time. It simply involves doing things more often with our children instead of for them or to them. 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者意识到开阔孩子的视野并不需要花费很多时间，只需经常和孩子们一起做一些事情。 D 1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean? A．The child was still immersed in the beautiful scenery just now. B．The child was too frightened to fall asleep because of darkness. C．The child wanted to listen more to the music about falling stars. D．The child felt grateful to his father for what he showed him. 解析：句意理解题。根据画线句前文“That was all ... and beautiful.(仅此而已：只是对神秘而美丽事物的意外一瞥。)”并结合上文父亲抱着熟睡的作者去看流星可知，在这个夜晚，作者看到了神秘而美丽的流星雨，再根据画线句“But, back in bed ... the falling stars. (但是，回到床上，孩子在黑暗中凝视了很长一段时间，知道在安静的房子周围，夜晚充满了星星落下的无声音乐。)”可推知，画线句表示作者躺回床上，依然沉浸在刚刚看到的美丽景色之中。故选A。 D 2．All the things the author remember from his childhood are ________． A．unusual and novel B．dangerous and demanding C．strange and uncommon D．educational and thought­provoking 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“What I remember is the night ... snake skins, seashells, flowers, arrowheads ... (我记得的是流星的夜晚，我们坐在列车末尾的职工车厢里的那一天，我们制作的真的很管用的电报，还有餐厅里的‘奖杯桌’，在那里我们这些孩子被鼓励展示我们发现的东西——任何不寻常或美丽的东西——蛇皮、贝壳、花、箭头……)”可推知，作者记得的童年里的那些事物都非常独特、新颖。故选A。 D 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Parents should interfere more with their children's learning. B．Parents should push their children to try to do everything on their own. C．Parents should devote energy to exploring new things for their children. D．Parents should encourage children to be curious and explore new things in life. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“My father had ... splendid newness.”可知，父亲为他的孩子们打开大门，带领他们进入一个崭新的领域，激发了他们探索的兴趣。由此可知，父母应该鼓励孩子们保持好奇心，探索生活中的新事物。故选D。 D 4．What's the best title for this passage? A．Limitless knowledge B．Father, the hero of my life C．Curiosity aroused that night D．The unusual things in my life 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文描述了父亲带作者去看流星，带领他进入一个崭新的领域，让作者体验了新的事物，父亲激发孩子们去探索新事物，使孩子保持好奇心。由此可知，C项(那晚激发的好奇心)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 D 词汇：①astonished adj. 十分震惊的，非常惊讶的　②whisper v. 耳语，低语，小声说　n. 耳语(声)，低语(声)　③exhibit v. 表现出；卖弄，炫耀；展览；展出　④involve v. 牵涉，涉及；包含；使卷入　⑤a glimpse of 一瞥；瞥见 佳句：And before the wonder of this could fade, another star leaped from its place, then another, plunging towards the restless sea. 还没等奇迹消失，又一颗星星从它的位置跃出，接着又一颗，坠入波涛汹涌的大海。 D E (2024·福建省泉州市高三质量监测(三))A new study on 26 chimpanzees (黑猩猩) from zoos around the world found that chimpanzees can recognize family members and long lost friends even after decades of separation. The participating chimpanzees were given juice while staring at a screen flashing side by side photos of other chimps. One animal from each pair of photos had lived with the group for at least a year, while the other was a stranger. An eye­tracking camera recorded where the participants were looking and for how long. Data showed their eyes rested longer on familiar groupmates, suggesting “rich recognition of each other”． There is also evidence that they became more intent when shown a picture of a chimpanzee with whom they'd had more positive interactions, compared with conflicting relationships. E 44 In the most impressive case, a 46­year­old chimpanzee named Louise repeatedly demonstrated “intense” attention upon seeing photographs of her sister Loretta and nephew Erin, whom she hadn't seen in more than 26 years. The team said Louise's results represent the longest­lasting social memory documented in any non­human animal to date. “We tend to see ourselves as unique special creatures with incredible intellectual capacities that are very different from other animals on earth，” said Laura Simone Lewis, a postdoctoral fellow in Berkeley's psychology department and lead author of the study. “This study is showing us how similar we are to chimpanzees.” She noted that the findings support the theory that long­term social memory in humans and modern day chimps has come from “our last common ancestor that lived somewhere between 5 to 7 million years ago” who also likely had long­term social memory. E 45 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项针对来自世界各地的动物园的26只黑猩猩的新研究发现，即使在分开数十年后，黑猩猩仍能认出家庭成员和久违的朋友。 Now that they have definitive evidence that these endangered species possess long­term social memories, researchers have more questions, including whether chimpanzees miss the individuals they're no longer with, especially their friends and family. “Our study doesn't determine they are doing this, but it raises questions about the possibility that they may have the ability to do so，” Lewis said. E 46 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The nature of chimps. B．The method of the study. C．The analysis of the recorded data. D．The layout of experimental equipment. 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段(参与实验的黑猩猩一边喝果汁，一边盯着屏幕，屏幕上并排闪现着其他黑猩猩的照片。每对照片中的一只动物与这群动物一起生活了至少一年，而另一只则是陌生的动物。眼球追踪摄像机记录了参与者看的地方和看的时长。数据显示，它们的目光停留在熟悉的同伴身上的时间更长，这表明“彼此之间的识别度很高”。)可知，本段主要介绍了该研究的具体方法。故选B。 E 47 2．What does the underlined word “intent” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Attentive. B．Doubtful. C．Hesitant. D．Emotional. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“In the most impressive case ... in more than 26 years.”以及画线词所在句“they became more ... more positive interactions”可知，当46岁的黑猩猩Louise (路易斯)在看到它的妹妹Loretta (洛丽塔)和侄子Erin (艾琳)的照片时反复表现出“强烈”的关注，Loretta和Erin与46岁的黑猩猩Louise为亲属，不存在冲突关系，所以46岁的黑猩猩Louise看到亲人时是专注的，画线词意为“专注的”。故选A。 E 48 3．Why is the example of Louise in Paragraph 4 mentioned? A．To stress chimps are as intelligent as human beings. B．To explain where chimps' social memory comes from. C．To better demonstrate the chimps' memory length. D．To further prove the existence of chimps' social memory. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The team said Louise's ... animal to date.”可知，Louise的结果代表了迄今为止在任何非人类动物中持续时间最长的社会记忆记录。由此可推知，此处提到Louise的例子是为了进一步证明黑猩猩的社会记忆是存在的。故选D。 E 49 4．What will the research team most probably continue to explore? A．Whether chimps feel strong emotions to their long lost friends. B．How to strengthen chimps' long­term social memories. C．How chimps recognised their close contacts after long separation. D．Why chimps possess the amazing social memories. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“researchers have more questions ... Lewis said(研究人员还有更多的问题，包括黑猩猩是否会想念它们不再在一起的个体，尤其是它们的朋友和家人。Lewis (刘易斯)说：‘我们的研究并没有确定它们是否在这样做，但它提出了关于它们是否有能力这样做的问题。’)”可推知，研究小组最后可能继续探索黑猩猩是否对失散多年的朋友有强烈的感情。故选A。 E 50 词汇：①recognize v. 认出；承认　②separation n. 分开，分隔　③evidence n. 根据，证明　④document v. 记录，记载　n. 文件　⑤incredible adj. 不可思议的，难以置信的；惊人的；了不起的　⑥rest on 停留 佳句：The participating chimpanzees were given juice while staring at a screen flashing side by side photos of other chimps. 参与实验的黑猩猩一边喝果汁，一边盯着屏幕，屏幕上并排闪现着其他黑猩猩的照片。 E 51 R $$