专题2 EXERCISE 18 题型之——推理判断-【金版教程】2025年高考英语大二轮刷题首选卷课件PPT

WELCOME UNIT PART Ⅱ　技巧娴熟练——题型突破 专题二　阅读 EXERCISE 18　题型之——推理判断 较易题(占比40%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比20%) 阅读 A B C D E 难度 ★ ★★ ★ ★★ ★★★ 阅读文章时，一定要站在作者的角度把握文章的脉络，通过寻找主题句、猜词、推理、跳读、略读等技巧获取所需要的信息。 A B 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 A (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well－being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park－goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant's experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”． A Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. A “We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human－nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，城市中的野生自然对居民的健康极其重要。研究团队正试图创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们更好地与自然互动并呼吁人们保护城市中的野生自然。 A 1．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A．Pocket parks are now popular. B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C．Many cities are overpopulated. D．People enjoy living close to nature. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“As cities balloon with growth ... are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的。)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象：在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然环境。故选B。 A 2．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A．To compare different types of park－goers. B．To explain why the park attracts tourists. C．To analyze the main features of the park. D．To find patterns in the visitors' summaries. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They surveyed several hundred park－goers ... different categories.”可知，研究人员通过公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然有意义的互动的书面总结把游客分类，再根据第四段中的“Across the 320 submissions ... important to visitors.”可知，在提交的320份总结中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现，由此可推知，研究人员将参与者提交的内容分类的目的是在他们的总结中找到一种模式。故选D。 A 3．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5? A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C．The same nature experience takes different forms. D．The nature language enhances work performance. 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“For example ... their lunch break. (例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式。)”可推知，一样的自然体验可以采取不同的形式。故选C。 A 4．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A．Language study. B．Environmental conservation. C．Public education. D．Intercultural communication. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“We're trying ... a senior author of the study. (‘我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，’该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可知，Peter Kahn认为在我们与大自然互动之前应该先保护自然。故选B。 A 词汇：①relatively adv. 相当地，相当程度上；相对地　②wellness n. 健康　③emerge v. 出现，兴起　④interact with 与……互动；与……相互作用 佳句：As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. 随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。 A B (2024·河南省三门峡部分名校高三模拟)Whether you're eating a slice of delicious bread or an extra­chewy chocolate cookie, it's always fun to be the taste tester for a friend or relative who loves to bake. And, while eating products created with love and sugar probably makes you feel good, the baker is obtaining some psychological benefits, too. Studies have shown that creative activities like baking contribute to an overall sense of well­being. Boston University professor of brain sciences Donna Pincus explained that there's “stress relief that people get from having some kind of an outlet (发泄方式) and a way to express themselves”． B Baking is also a great way to practice mindfulness, because it requires you to focus on following very straightforward directions in a specific order. In other words, most of the decisions have already been made for you, allowing you to concentrate on the details while nudging (轻推) your mind away from the stressors and anxieties of your life outside the kitchen. Julie Ohana, a clinical social worker, explained that baking is effective because it helps you practice the “balance of the moment and the bigger picture”. While you're measuring and mixing ingredients, you're probably visualizing how they'll all come together to create a fulfilling final product and deciding how and when you'll share it with others. B Sharing your desserts selflessly rather than for attention or competition is another mood­booster, making you “feel like you've done something good for the world, which perhaps increases your meaning in life and connection with other people，” Pincus said. It can also function as a mode of communication. Susan Whitbourne, professor of psychological and brain sciences at the University of Massachusetts, said that “it can be helpful for people who have difficulty expressing their feelings in words to show appreciation, or sympathy with baked goods”． Baking may not be the be­all and end­all of the cure for mental illness, but anyone in need of lifted spirits should consider pulling out the flour and warming up the oven. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了烘焙的益处。 B 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the theme. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To offer some advice. D．To illustrate the background. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段通过举例吃烘焙食物说明烘焙能够给烘焙者带来心理益处，接着下文具体讲述了烘焙的益处，由此可推知，第一段的作用是引出本文的主题。故选A。 B 2．What is the benefit of baking according to Julie Ohana? A．It is of importance to physical health. B．It is a great way to encourage exercise. C．It ensures everything will be in a right order. D．It helps you to have positive expectations. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Baking is also ... in a specific order.”和“Julie Ohana ... when you'll share it with others.”可知，Julie Ohana (朱莉·欧哈那)认为烘焙可以帮助你练习平衡当下和大局，使你能够专注于制作过程并创造出令人满意的最终产品，由此可推知，Julie Ohana认为烘焙能够让人怀有正向、积极的期待。故选D。 B 3．What do Pincus's words mean in Paragraph 4? A．Competing can effectively boost our moods. B．We can catch others' attention through sharing. C．Baking contributes to closer social relations. D．Sharing enables us to express our feelings accurately. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Sharing your desserts ... Pincus said.(Pincus (平卡斯)说，无私地分享甜点，而不是为了获得关注或竞争，是另一种情绪助推器，让你‘感觉自己为世界做了一些好事，这可能会增加你的生活意义和与他人的联系’。)”可推知，Pincus认为烘焙有助于建立更加亲密的社会联系。故选C。 B 4．In which part of a newspaper will you find the article most probably? A．Technology. B．Lifestyle. C．Society. D．Education. 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了烘焙的益处，这属于生活范畴，最有可能出自报纸的生活方式版块。故选B。 B 词汇：①obtain v. (尤指通过艰难的过程)得到，获得　②effective adj. 产生预期结果的，有效的　③fulfilling adj. 令人满足的；使人有成就感的　④contribute to 有助于　⑤focus on 专注于 佳句：Baking is also a great way to practice mindfulness, because it requires you to focus on following very straightforward directions in a specific order. 烘焙也是练习正念的一个好方法，因为它需要你按照特定的顺序专注于遵循非常简单的指示。 B C (2024·广东省广州市高三综合测试(二))Courage is a huge theme in my life, a quality I constantly seek, appreciate, and analyze. The root of “courage” is “cor”， the Latin word for heart. In the beginning, courage meant “to speak one's mind by telling all one's heart”. While courage is often associated with heroism nowadays, I believe true courage lies in being open and honest about who we are and how we feel. I recently witnessed an example of true courage. During a mountain­climbing trip with my 15­year­old daughter and some college students, I noticed her struggling to keep up with the group. Despite my suggestions to rest, she persisted until she couldn't breathe properly. C Panicked, I called out to the front for help, but there was no response, and we had no cellphone signal. Fortunately, two students just came back to check out on us. They offered assistance and calmed us down. As we continued at a slower pace, they shared their own experiences, from starting out as beginners like my daughter to becoming consistently among the first to reach the peak. “You know，” one of them said, looking at my daughter, “I was just like you when I started. But with practice and proper pace, you'll get there too.” “Yeah, don't let your lack of experience stop you，” the other added. “It's okay to admit when you're struggling or not feeling alright. In fact, it's important to speak up and ask for help when you need it. That's how we improve and grow.” C Reaching the mountain top was a huge relief for both my daughter and me. However, the two students addressed the celebrating group directly, emphasizing the importance of staying together in tough environments. Their words led the group to apologize to us for overlooking our struggle. I was totally amazed at their bravery, and my daughter learned that it's okay to be the least experienced in a group. Courage, I've come to realize, has a ripple effect. Each time we choose courage, we inspire those around us to be a little braver and make the world a little better. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和女儿在登山过程中遇到困难，两位学生提供了帮助和鼓励，以及这两位学生的勇气对团队产生影响的故事。 C 1．Why does the author mention the original meaning of courage? A．To question the common belief of courage. B．To argue for the true nature of courage. C．To show the changing meaning of courage. D．To compare different interpretations of courage. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In the beginning ... how we feel.(最初，勇气意味着‘说出自己的想法，表达自己的心声’。虽然现在勇气常常与英雄主义联系在一起，但我相信真正的勇气在于对我们是谁及我们的感受是什么保持开放和诚实的态度。)”可推知，作者提到勇气的本义是为了论证勇气的真正本质。故选B。 C 2．What did the two students suggest the daughter do? A．Keep to a suitable pace. B．Seek help whenever possible. C．Challenge her own limits. D．Stick with experienced climbers. 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“It's okay ... and grow.(当你遇到困难或感觉不好时，承认这一点没关系。事实上，当你需要帮助时，大声说出来并寻求帮助是很重要的。)”可知，两位学生建议作者的女儿在需要时寻求帮助。故选B。 C 3．Which action in the mountain­climbing story is an example of true courage? A．The mother asked the girl to rest. B．The girl tried hard not to fall behind. C．The two students pointed out the group's fault. D．The group celebrated the reach of the mountain top. 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Their words led the group to apologize to us for overlooking our struggle.(他们的话让团队为忽视我们的困难向我们道歉。)”可知，两位学生指出团队的错误是真正的勇气的体现。故选C。 C 4．What does the author intend to tell us? A．Kindness connects us all. B．Being a beginner takes courage. C．We don't have to be a hero to be brave. D．With courage, everyone can be perfect. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I was totally ... in a group.”可知，作者被两位学生的勇敢震惊，作者的女儿也明白了在团队里经验最浅没有关系。由此可推知，作者想要告诉我们不一定要成为英雄才是勇敢。故选C。 C 词汇：①witness v. 见证，经历(事件、变化等)　②persist v. 坚持；继续存在，持续　③response n. 反应，响应　④consistently adv. 一贯地，始终；一致地　⑤tough adj. 艰难的，困难的，严厉的　⑥be associated with 与……相联系；与……有关联 佳句：Each time we choose courage, we inspire those around us to be a little braver and make the world a little better. 每当我们选择勇气，就会激励我们身边的人变得更加勇敢，让世界变得更加美好。 C D (2024·辽宁省重点高中协作校高三模拟)I am asked repeatedly why anyone would want to keep an “ugly” building or a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work. I guess you could say we preservationists (文物保护者) look at buildings through a different angle—an angle that can see the swan in the ugly duck, the story in the simple lines, and the book behind the cover. The Queen Emma Building is remembered by many as one of the ugliest buildings in town. Yet the angle from which a preservationist views the building is that it is uniquely constructed with an artistical sun shield to block the sunlight, a decorative wall designers used concrete bricks to form. Unfortunately, it was removed in 2011, making the building one of many contemporary buildings in town. D Other times, when a beautiful site is replaced by a “horrible” building, people hate it and can't get over their anger, even when that “horrible” building becomes an important part of our story. This is particularly true in San Francisco with many Victorian buildings, which are many preservationists' favorite. Yes, it was a tragedy that many Victorian buildings got torn down several decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class. Should that history be wiped from our memories? D Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well­kept buildings, but about holding on to parts of our history—not just the history of huge events, but the story of how everyone used to go to a certain corner market. Our history cannot be told only in buildings that meet someone's criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but no less important. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过艾玛女王大厦的太阳遮挡层被拆事件，以及旧金山维多利亚建筑被拆除的历史，强调保护这些“丑陋”建筑的重要性。 D 1．How does the author feel about removing the sun shield of the Queen Emma Building? A．It's incredible. B．It's regrettable. C．It's inspiring. D．It's entertaining. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the angle from which ... many contemporary buildings in town (保护主义者看待这座建筑的角度是，它是独特的，有一个艺术性的遮阳板来阻挡阳光，装饰墙设计师使用混凝土砖来形成。不幸的是，它在2011年被拆除，使这座建筑成为城里许多当代建筑之一)”可知，作者认为艾玛女王大厦的遮阳板被拆除是不幸的事，由此可推知，作者对此感觉很遗憾。故选B。 D 2．Why were many Victorian buildings in San Francisco torn down? A．To wipe the history of the Victorian era. B．To make land available for cheap housing. C．To ease the deep anger of the working class. D．To revive the architecture of the Victorian era. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Yes, it was a ... the working class.”可知，旧金山的许多维多利亚式建筑被拆除，是为了给工人阶级提供廉价的住房，由此可知，维多利亚式建筑被拆除是为廉价住房提供土地。故选B。 D 3．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A．To analyze the role of preservationists. B．To introduce buildings with historical value. C．To explain why architects make ugly buildings. D．To stress the significance of preserving “ugly” buildings. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，保护不仅仅是要保留漂亮、保存完好的建筑，“丑陋”的建筑也需要被保护，由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是强调保护“丑陋”建筑的重要性。故选D。 D 4．Which section might the passage come from? A．Opinion and Views. B．Health and Well­being. C．Space and Exploration. D．Business and Finance. 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作者对于保护建筑的看法，由此可推知，文章可能来自“观点和看法”部分。故选A。 D 词汇：①contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的　②particularly adv. 非常，尤其；特别是　③tragedy n. 悲惨事件；不幸，遗憾　④wipe v. 消除，抹去　⑤get over 控制；克服；恢复　⑥hold on to 保存；紧紧抓住；坚持；不放弃 佳句：Our history cannot be told only in buildings that meet someone's criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but no less important. 我们的历史不能只通过符合某些人审美标准的建筑来讲述；有时我们的历史是痛苦的，但同样重要。 D E (2024·河北省沧州市泊头市第一中学高三月考)At Countryside High School in Clearwater, Fla., 16­year­old Sage Waite is already taking a class in cybersecurity, and she'd welcome one that's in the works on cyber disinformation. “For the longest time, I didn't actually know what disinformation was，” said Waite, who's in the 11th grade. “There was always the idea that things could be wrong in what you're hearing and what you're being told. But the idea of misinformation and disinformation wasn't in my day­to­day.” This past year, she says, has been an eye­opener. “My friends and I definitely started looking into stuff more and doing more research after that，” she said. E 41 A new program on “digital literacy”， with a focus on topics like disinformation, is in the pipeline, thanks in part to Mike McConnell, who is now working to fight false information aimed at young people. “We need to understand this so we can appreciate what's happening to us, and be able to not only understand it, but also to navigate through it，” McConnell said. “That's what I call digital literacy.” McConnell is executive director of Cyber Florida, which is based at the University of South Florida in Tampa. The group works with kids throughout the state at universities, high schools, and even those in younger grades. Cyber Florida helped set up the cybersecurity program now being taught at many Florida schools. The new project, Cyber Citizenship, is even more ambitious. “We think if we can do this for Florida, we can spread it across the nation，” he said. E 42 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Mike McConnell (迈克·麦康奈尔)开展数字素养课程项目的相关情况。 The expanded program now in the works aims to make digital literacy something all Florida students get, at several grade levels, before they finish high school. There's no date yet for the cyber disinformation classes in Florida, but computer teacher Jason Felt says it can't come soon enough and he is ready to embrace it. “The Internet is a wonderful tool. It's connected us in a way that's never really been seen before. But it's a blessing and it's also a curse.” Teaching students the difference, he says, is a huge challenge. E 43 1．What can we learn about the class that Sage Waite is taking from the first two paragraphs? A．It receives a cold welcome. B．It aims to form a bond. C．It focuses on technologies. D．It has a positive impact. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“16­year­old Sage Waite ... on cyber disinformation (16岁的Sage Waite (塞奇·韦特)已经在上网络安全课程，她非常乐意接纳正在开设的有关网络虚假信息的课程)”以及第二段中的“This past year ... she said.(她说，过去的一年让人大开眼界。‘我和我的朋友们开始更多地研究这些东西，并在那之后做更多的研究。’)”可推知，这门课程让Sage Waite大开眼界，并产生了一些积极影响。故选D。 E 44 2．What is digital literacy according to McConnell? A．The specific strategies for protecting privacy. B．The inborn capacity to track fake information. C．The general skills of maintaining cybersecurity. D．The overall ability to handle online information. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘We need to understand ... I call digital literacy.’(麦康奈尔说：‘我们需要理解这一点，这样我们才能理解发生在我们身上的事情，不仅能够理解它，而且能够驾驭它，这就是我所说的数字素养。’)”可推知，数字素养是指对网络信息的综合处理能力。故选D。 E 45 3．What is the vision of Cyber Citizenship? A．To outperform cybersecurity. B．To take the lead in the world. C．To reach a wider range of students. D．To make a substantial profit. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The new project ... he said.(新项目Cyber Citizenship的目标更为远大。他说：‘我们认为，如果我们能为佛罗里达州做到这一点，就能在全国推广。’)”可知，这个新项目的愿望是在全国各地的学校推广网络安全课程，让更多学生受益。故选C。 E 46 4．What is Jason Felt's attitude towards the cyber disinformation classes? A．Welcoming. B．Unclear. C．Opposed. D．Prejudiced. 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“There's no date ... he is ready to embrace it.(佛罗里达州的网络虚假信息课程还没有确定日期，但计算机老师Jason Felt (詹森·费尔特)表示，这还不够快，他已经准备好接受它。)”可推知，Jason Felt对这个课程很期待。故选A。 E 47 词汇：①definitely adv. 肯定地，当然　②appreciate v. 理解，明白；欣赏；感激　③navigate v. 应付；导航；横渡；穿过　④ambitious adj. 有抱负的；野心勃勃的　⑤in the pipeline 在进行中；在准备中 佳句：There was always the idea that things could be wrong in what you're hearing and what you're being told. 人们总是认为，你所听到的和别人告诉你的事情可能是错误的。 E 48 R $$