Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 重点单词变形,语法,短语,句型练习-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练(人教版2019)

2025-02-09
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易趣英语
进店逛逛

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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 重点单词变形 1. persevere v. 坚持→________________________ n. 毅力 2. resolve v. 决定; 决心→________________________ n. 决心; 解决 3. envy v. 嫉妒→________________________ adj. 嫉妒的→________________________ adv. 嫉妒地 4. enthusiastic adj. 热情的 → ________________________ n. 热情 5. fortunate adj. 幸运的 → _____________________ adj. 不幸的→_____________________ adv. 幸运地 6. qualify v. 取得资格→________________________ adj. 有资格的→_____________________ n. 资格 7. loyal adj. 忠诚的→________________________ n. 忠诚 8. cruel adj. 残忍的 → ________________________ n. 残忍→________________________ adv. 残酷地 9. apply v. 申请→_____________________ n. 申请; 申请表; 应用 →_____________________ n. 申请者 10. commit v. 投入; 承诺→_____________________ n. 投入→_______________________ adj. 坚定的 核心短语 1. ________________________   拒绝某人  2. ________________________ 脾气好的/不好的 3. ________________________ 生火  4. ________________________ 放出(光、热、气味或气体)  5. ________________________ 申请  6. ________________________ 出发; 动身; 使爆炸  7. ________________________ 使某人情绪高涨  8. ________________________ 设法成功做成某事  9. ________________________ 成功  10. ________________________ 每况愈下 一、语法填空 1.Please keep in mind that your own (resolve) to succeed is more important than any other things. 2.I honour endurance, (persevere), industry, talent. 3. (fortunate), the project didn’t go as planned, and we had to start all over again. 4. (unfortunate), they ran into a snowstorm along the way. 5.Our company has made a (commit) to quality and customer service. 6.Due to the fact that I was (qualify) for the post, I did believe that I was capable of handling all the matters. 7.The people showed great courage, patience, and during the long years of the war. (endure) 8.When going out alone, do take care of your (belong). 9.The (advertise) for the survival skills workshop caught the attention of many adventurers. 10.His (apply) for a scholarship was successful, allowing him to pursue higher education. 11.He is (self) and he is ready to help others. 12.I make a list of books I will read and the (assign) I will do for the coming holiday. 13.Always bear in mind that your own (resolve) to succeed is more important than anything else. 14.Students will work in groups to complete four (assignment) during the course, all of which will be submitted by the (assign) date. 15.There are a of animals and plants in the world. They in shape and size and exist in many parts of the world. But for reasons, some of them are dying out.  (vary) 16.She is pleased with the child’s (behave). 17.With each step then sub-divided into several procedures, it takes (rough) 30 steps to produce a woodblock print. 18.Apart from ren, Confucius put forward another concept, which is yi or righteousness. Yi is the codes of conduct under the (guide) of ren. 19. (enthusiasm) about going to Spain, she took up Spanish. 20.I made a (resolve) to start exercising regularly. 21.He made a resolution to find a job in (advertise). 22.In Britain, if you treat animals (cruel), you will be taken to court. 23.We can’t stand people who are cruel animals and they will be punished for their (cruel). 24. (fortunate), they didn’t seize the opportunity to finish these (assign) ahead of time. 25.She made a New Year’s (resolve) to study even harder in the coming year. 26.Susan’s idea of freedom was to have (various) in her life style. 27.They are both very (cheer) in spite of their colds. 28.All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through the blackboard, our online learning and course (manage) system. 29.The lost car of the Lees was found (abandon) in the woods off the highway. 30.Never will Zhou Yang forget his first (assign) at the office of China Daily. 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s 40th Antarctic expedition ended on Wednesday with the Xuelong polar icebreaker returning to Qingdao, Shandong, 31 marked the completion of the expedition. The five-month polar expedition set out from Shanghai in early November and arrived in Antarctica later that month. The Xuelong and Xuelong 2 icebreakers as well as a ship 32 (use) in the mission, carrying more than 460 researchers from over 80 domestic institutions, covering 33 total distance of more than 150,000 kilometers. During the mission, Chinese engineers constructed the Qinling Station, the nation’s 34 (five) scientific outpost in Antarctica. Shaped like the Southern Cross constellation (星座), the 5,244-square-meter station was designed 35 (honor) Zheng He, a mariner or a sailor in the Ming Dynasty. The facility can accommodate 80 people in summer and 30 in winter, being responsible for 36 (it) construction. Engineers used lightweight and high-strength materials to build the station, making it 37 (resistance) to temperatures as low as minus 60 ℃. China had 38 (former) built four research stations in Antarctica. The Qinling Station is the nation's Antarctic research base to be operational around the year, alongside the other two stations both constructed in the late 1980s. In addition to actively 39 (participate) in the construction project, researchers of the 40th expedition conducted investigations into a host of scientific 40 (issue) including the impact of climate change on the Antarctic ecosystem. 课本改编题 In Unit 2 of our textbook, we delved into the fascinating world of 41 (philosophy), exploring various ideas and theories that have shaped human thought over centuries. We began by examining the works of great philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and Descartes, each of 42 (whom/who) contributed significantly to our understanding of reality, knowledge, and existence. Plato’s theory of the Forms suggested that there is a perfect, unchanging reality beyond the physical world that we perceive. He believed that our senses can only provide us with 43 (imperfect) images of this true reality. In contrast, Aristotle emphasized the importance of 44 (observe) the physical world and using reason to understand it. He argued that knowledge is gained through experience and 45 (logical) reasoning. Descartes, on the other hand, famously stated, “I think, therefore I am,” which is 46 (essential) a statement of his belief in the existence of the thinking mind. This idea has had a profound impact on Western philosophy and continues to be 47 (debate/debated/debated/debated-correct form is debated) today. As we progressed through the unit, we also examined the works of contemporary philosophers who have built upon these foundational ideas. One such philosopher is Immanuel Kant, 48 (whose/who) critical philosophy attempted to reconcile empiricism and rationalism. Kant believed that both sense experience and reason are necessary for true knowledge. Finally, we discussed the importance of philosophy in our daily lives. It encourages us to question, to reflect, and to think critically about the world and our place within it. Philosophy teaches us that there are no easy answers, but 49 (provide) us with the tools to seek out truth and understanding. In this way, it is 50 (truly/true) a powerful force for personal and societal growth. 二、单词拼写 51.The (解决方法) to the problem has been supported by most people. 52.In recent months, he has been (遭受) from severe depression. 53.The company is looking for (合格) candidates to fill the marketing position. 54.With the development of China, our government is more and more (热衷) about protecting the environment. 55.The Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger” has been (激励) athletes all the time. 56.She has been (提倡) environmental protection by organizing community clean-up events and raising awareness about climate change. 57.He has made a (承诺,保证) to quit smoking. 58.It’s (残忍的) to ignore someone who is asking for help. 59.We (分配) different questions to everyone yesterday. 60. (不幸地), Dr. Naismith did not live to see basketball become the worldwide game as it is today. 61.She seems (真诚的), but I don’t trust her anyway. 62.A lot of (家具) will be on display in the supermarket. 63.I do (羡慕) you.You are so clever. 64.Will you (放弃) the whole forest just for a single tree? 65.The hot (潮湿的) weather didn’t agree with him for he came from a northern city. 三、完成句子 66.我们怎么能用更多的方法处理这个问题? (一句多译) ① by using more methods? ② with more methods? ③ in more ways? ④ by more means? 67.After days of hiking, her energy finally , but she kept moving forward. 徒步多日后,她的体力终于耗尽,但她仍继续前进。 68. he doesn’t agree with me?要是他不同意我的观点怎么办? 69.Just when she thought all hope was lost, her courage and she found the strength to continue. 就当她以为一切希望都已破灭时,她的勇气出现了,她找到了继续前进的力量。 70.所以,不论你是谁,谢谢你不经意的善举,这不仅帮助了我妈妈,还让她开心了一整天。 So, , thank you for the random act of kindness that not only helped my mother out, but made her day too. 71.如果不是你及时地帮我一把,我就会一事无成。 I would have accomplished nothing, . 72.冬天临近, 天气转冷。(一句多译) With , the weather becomes cold. =As winter , the weather becomes cold. =The brings the cold weather. 73.产品的颜色与产品的质量无关。 The colour of the product its quality. 74.这个研究小组是由年龄从10岁到15岁不等的学生组成的。 The research team is made up of pupils whose age 10 15. 75. strengthened my resolve, 是她的坚韧不拔和无私奉献坚定了我的决心。 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 参考答案: I. 拓展单词 1. persevere v. 坚持→perseverance n. 毅力 2. resolve v. 决定; 决心→resolution n. 决心; 解决 3. envy v. 嫉妒→envious adj. 嫉妒的→enviously adv. 嫉妒地 4. enthusiastic adj. 热情的 → enthusiasm n. 热情 5. fortunate adj. 幸运的 → unfortunate adj. 不幸的→fortunately adv. 幸运地 6. qualify v. 取得资格→qualified adj. 有资格的→qualification n. 资格 7. loyal adj. 忠诚的→loyalty n. 忠诚 8. cruel adj. 残忍的 → cruelty n. 残忍→cruelly adv. 残酷地 9. apply v. 申请→application n. 申请; 申请表; 应用 →applicant n. 申请者 10. commit v. 投入; 承诺→commitment n. 投入→committed adj. 坚定的 II.核心短语 1. turn sb. down     拒绝某人  2. good/bad-tempered  脾气好的/不好的 3. make fire  生火  4. give off  放出(光、热、气味或气体)  5. apply to  申请  6. set off  出发; 动身; 使爆炸  7. keep one’s spirits up 使某人情绪高涨  8. manage to do sth. 设法成功做成某事  9. make it  成功  10. going from bad to worse 每况愈下 1.resolution 【详解】考查名词。句意:请记住,你自己想要成功的决心比其他任何事情都重要。空白处应填入名词作主语,所给单词resolve是动词,意为“决心;决定”,其名词形式为resolution,表示“决心;决议”,符合语境,故填resolution。 2.perseverance 【详解】考查名词。句意:我尊重忍耐,毅力,勤奋和才能。空格处用名词作宾语,persevere的名词是perseverance,意为“毅力”,是不可数名词,故填perseverance。 3.Unfortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意:不幸的是,这个项目没有按计划进行,我们不得不从头再来。空格处用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,由“the project didn’t go as planned, and we had to start all over again.”可知,句子表示“不幸的是,我们不得不从头再坐这个项目”,空格处意为“不幸的是”,副词是unfortunately,位于句首的单词首字母大写,故填Unfortunately。 4.Unfortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意:不幸的是,他们在途中遇上了暴风雪。本空用副词unfortunately“遗憾地,不幸地”,修饰句子,作状语,并且位于句首需首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。 5.commitment 【详解】考查名词。句意:我们公司已经做出了承诺,保证质量和客户服务。make a commitment “做出承诺”,空处需要名词作宾语。故填commitment。 6.qualified 【详解】考查形容词。句意:由于我能胜任这个职位,我确实相信我能处理好所有的事务。was为系动词,后面接形容词qualified,作表语。故填qualified。 7.endurance 【详解】考查名词。句意:在漫长的战争岁月中,人民表现出了巨大的勇气、耐心和忍耐力。根据and可知,空处应是和courage, patience并列作宾语,所以空处应填名词,endure的名词形式是endurance意为“忍耐力”。故填endurance。 8.belongings 【详解】考查名词。句意:当独自出去时,一定要照顾好自己的随身物。此处作宾语,故应用名词“belongings随身物,财产”作宾语,故填belongings。 9.advertisement 【详解】考查名词。句意:生存技能研讨会的广告吸引了许多冒险者的注意。空处用于定冠词The之后,需用名词形式advertisement,意为“广告”,作句子主语,根据句意,用单数。故填advertisement。 10.application 【详解】考查名词。句意:他申请奖学金成功了,得以继续深造。作主语,表示“申请”应用名词application,根据后文was可知为单数。故填application。 11.selfless 【详解】考查形容词。句意:他是无私的,并且总是愿意帮助其他人。系动词is后,应用形容词作表语。根据句意可知,此处应填形容词selfless意为“无私的”。故填selfless。 12.assignment/assignments 【详解】考查名词。句意:我列出了我要读的书和即将到来的假期要做的作业。提示词作宾语,用名词assignment,可用作不可数名词,表示“总体的作业、任务”,也可作可数名词,表示“具体的作业、任务”,用复数形式assignments。故填assignment/assignments。 13.resolve/resolution 【详解】考查名词。句意:永远记住,你自己成功的决心比任何事情都重要。空处应用名词resolve/resolution“决心”在从句中作主语,由is可知,应用单数形式。故填resolve/resolution。 14. assignments assigned 【详解】考查名词复数和形容词。句意:学生将在课程中分组完成四项作业,所有作业将在指定日期前提交。根据第一个空格前的four可知,空格处应用复数名词assignments作宾语;第二个空格处作定语,修饰后面的名词date,应该用形容词assigned。故填assignments;assigned。 15. variety vary various 【详解】考查名词、动词和形容词。句意:世界上有各种各样的动植物。它们的形状和大小各不相同,存在于世界上许多地方。但由于种种原因,它们中的一些正在灭绝。第一个,a variety of 表示“各种各样的”。第二空,主语后缺少谓语动词,句子描述事实用一般现在时,“不同”是vary,主语是They,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式,第三空,形容词修饰名词作定语,“各种各样的”是various,故填①variety②vary③various。 16.behavior/behaviour 【详解】考查名词。句意:她对孩子的行为感到满意。本空用behave的名词behavior或behaviour“行为”,作介词with的宾语。故填behavior或behaviour。 17.roughly 【详解】考查副词。句意:每一步都分为几个步骤,制作一幅木版画大约需要30个步骤。空处修饰动词takes,应用副词形式作状语,roughly是副词,表示“大约”,符合题意。故填roughly。 18.guidance 【详解】考查名词。句意:除了“仁”,孔子还提出了另一个概念,即“义”。“义”是“仁”指导下的行为准则。空处填名词作介词under的宾语,guidance (行为准则),不可数名词,故填guidance。 19.Enthusiastic 【详解】考查形容词。句意:她对去西班牙很感兴趣,于是学习了西班牙语。根据句子结构可知,此处应用其形容词enthusiastic作状语。句首字母大写,故填Enthusiastic。 20.resolution 【详解】考查名词短语。句意:我做出了一个决定,要开始定期锻炼。根据句意,resolve是一个动词,意为决定。然而,在这个句子中需要一个名词形式,因为made a后面需要跟一个名词。resolve的名词形式是resolution,意为决心或决定。make a resolution to do也是固定搭配,意思是下定决心干……,符合题意,故答案是resolution。 21.advertising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他决心找一份广告方面的工作。空处应用名词作介词in的宾语,advertising“广告业”,不可数名词,in advertising指某事物或某人在广告行业中的参与或使用,故填advertising。 22.cruelly 【详解】考查副词。句意:在英国,如果你虐待动物,你会被告上法庭。空处修饰动词treat,应用副词形式,故填cruelly。 23. to cruelty 【详解】考查介词和名词。句意:我们不能忍受那些虐待动物的人,他们将为他们的残忍行为受到惩罚。第一空为短语be cruel to表示“虐待,对……残忍”;第二空作介词的宾语,应用名词cruelty,不可数。故填①to;②cruelty。 24. Unfortunately assignments 【详解】考查副词以及可数名词的复数形式。句意:不幸的是,他们没有抓住机会提前完成这些任务。分析句子结构可知,第一个空处需要副词修饰整个句子。根据后半句话“they didn’t seize the opportunity”可知,不幸的是,他们没有抓住机会。unfortunately为副词“不幸地”,符合语境。第二个空处需要名词作宾语。assign的名词形式为“assignment”,为可数名词“任务”。根据空前的these可知,该处需要名词的复数形式。故填①Unfortunately②assignments。 25.resolution 【详解】考查名词。句意:她下了新年决心,来年要更加努力学习。分析句子可知,空处作made的宾语,resolve的名词形式resolution符合题意,意为“决心”,且空前有不定冠词a,resolution应用单数形式。故填resolution。 26.variety 【详解】考查名词。句意:苏珊的自由思想是使她的生活方式多样化。根据前文动词have可知,此处应用其名词variety,表示“多样性”时,是不可数名词,作宾语,have variety in意为“在某方面有多样性”。故填variety。 27.cheerful 【详解】考查形容词。句意:尽管他们都感冒了,但他们都很高兴。根据前文系动词are可知,此处应用形容词cheerful“高兴的”,作表语。故填cheerful。 28.management 【详解】考查名词。句意:所有作业将在指定日期前通过黑板、在线学习和课程管理系统提交。作定语修饰system,应用名词management。故填management。 29.abandoned 【详解】考查形容词。句意:李家丢失的汽车被发现遗弃在高速公路旁的树林里。分析句子结构可知,该句为“find+宾语+补语”的被动形式,形容词abandoned“被丢弃的;被抛弃的”符合句意,设空处填abandoned作主语The lost car of the Lees的补足语,描述车被发现时的状态。故填abandoned。 30.assignment 【详解】考查名词。句意:周阳永远不会忘记他在《中国日报》办公室的第一个任务。分析句子结构可知,此处应为名词作宾语,assign的名词为assignment,意为“任务”,结合句意可知,此处应指的是“第一个任务”,所以使用名词单数。故填assignment。 31.which 32.were used 33.a 34.fifth 35.to honor 36.its 37.resistant 38.formerly 39.participating 40.issues 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国第40次南极科考活动结束,历时五个月,期间建造了南极第五个科学考察站——秦岭站。该站设计独特,旨在纪念明朝航海家郑和,并具备全年运营能力。科考队还调查了包括气候变化对南极生态系统影响在内的多项科学问题。 31.考查定语从句。句意:中国第40次南极科考活动于周三结束,随着“雪龙”号破冰船返回山东青岛,这标志着此次科考活动的圆满完成。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的句子,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 32.考查动词时态语态。句意:“雪龙”号和“雪龙2”号破冰船以及一艘执行此次任务的船只,载着来自80多家国内机构的460多名研究人员,总航程超过15万公里。陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时,主语和use为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语由as well as连接,遵循就远原则,be动词用were。故填were used。 33.考查冠词。句意同上。a distance of为固定搭配,意为“长达……的距离”,且total发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 34.考查序数词。句意:在执行任务期间,中国工程师建造了秦岭站,这是中国在南极的第五个科学考察站。表示“第五个”应用序数词fifth。故填fifth。 35.考查非谓语动词。句意:该站占地5244平方米,形状如同南十字星座,设计灵感旨在纪念明朝航海家郑和。be designed to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“目的是,被设计用于”。故填to honor。 36.考查代词。句意:该设施夏季可容纳80人,冬季可容纳30人,并负责其建设。修饰名词construction,需用形容词性物主代词its,作定语。故填its。 37.考查形容词。句意:工程师们使用轻质高强度材料建造空间站,使其能够承受零下60℃的低温。make it adj+to do,为固定用法,空处需填形容词resistant,作宾语补足语。故填resistant。 38.考查副词。句意:中国以前在南极洲建立了四个科考站。修饰动词had built需用副词formerly,作状语。故填formerly。 39.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了积极参与建设项目外,第40次科考队的研究人员还对一系列科学问题进行了调查,包括气候变化对南极生态系统的影响。to为介词,后面接动名词participating作宾语。故填participating。 40.考查名词。句意同上。空处需填名词作宾语,a host of后面接可数名词复数形式。故填issues。 41.philosophy 42.whom/who 43.imperfect 44.observing 45.logical 46.essentially 47.debated 48.whose 49.provides 50.truly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在教材的第二单元中,学生们深入探索了迷人的哲学世界,并探讨了几位伟大哲学家的思想和理论。 41.考查名词。句意:在我们的课本的第二单元中,我们深入探索了迷人的哲学世界,探索了几个世纪以来塑造人类思想的各种思想和理论。根据空后的“exploring various ideas and theories that have shaped human thought over centuries”可知,此处是指“迷人的哲学世界”,应用名词philosophy,作介词of的宾语。故填philosophy。 42.考查定语从句。句意:我们首先研究了柏拉图、亚里士多德和笛卡尔等伟大哲学家的作品,他们每一个人都对我们理解现实、知识和存在做出了重大贡献。“each of _____ (whom/who) contributed significantly to our understanding of reality, knowledge, and existence”为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词great philosophers,指人,且先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以空处应用关系代词whom或who引导该从句。故填whom/who。 43.考查形容词。句意:他认为我们的感官只能为我们提供这种真实现实的不完美图像。根据空后的名词images可知,此处应用形容词imperfect作定语,修饰名词,意为“不完美的”。故填imperfect。 44.考查动名词。句意:相比之下,亚里士多德强调了观察物理世界和使用理性来理解它的重要性。根据句意和空后的“using reason to understand it”可知,此处与using并列,应用动名词observing作介词of的宾语。故填observing。 45.考查形容词。句意:他认为知识是通过经验和逻辑推理获得的。根据空后的名词reasoning可知,此处应用形容词logical作定语,修饰名词,意为“逻辑的”。故填logical。 46.考查副词。句意:另一方面,笛卡尔著名地说,“我思故我在”,这本质上是他相信思维心灵存在的陈述。此处应用副词essentially作状语,意为“本质上”,修饰整个定语从句。故填essentially。 47.考查非谓语动词。句意:这个想法对西方哲学产生了深远的影响,并且今天仍在被讨论。提示词作动词continues的宾语,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语This idea之间是被动关系,用过去分词debated与空格前to be构成不定式的被动式to be debated。故最终填debated。 48.考查定语从句。句意:其中一位哲学家是伊曼努尔·康德,他的批判哲学试图调和经验主义和理性主义。分析句子结构可知,“_____ (whose/who) critical philosophy attempted to reconcile empiricism and rationalism”为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Immanuel Kant,且先行词在从句中作名词philosophy的定语,所以空处应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 49.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:哲学告诉我们没有简单的答案,但它为我们提供了寻求真理和理解的工具。此处为but连接的并列谓语动词,根据前文“Philosophy teaches us”可知,此处应用一般现在时,且主语Philosophy为不可数名词,所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式provides。故填provides。 50.考查副词。句意:在这个意义上,它确实是个人和社会成长的强大力量。此处应用副词truly作状语,修饰整个句子,表示“确实,的确”。故填truly。 51.solution/resolution 【详解】考查名词。句意:对这个问题的解决办法得到了大多数人的支持。根据汉语提示“解决方法”可知,此处为名词solution/resolution,作主语,结合“has been supported”可知,使用名词单数形式。故填solution/resolution。 52.suffering 【详解】考查动词。句意:最近几个月,他患上了严重的抑郁症。根据汉语提示可知,表示“遭受”应用动词suffer,结合上文has been可知为现在完成进行时。故填suffering。 53.qualified 【详解】考查形容词。句意:公司正在寻找合格的候选人来填补市场营销的职位。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词qualified,作定语,修饰名词candidates。故填qualified。 54.enthusiastic/passionate 【详解】考查形容词。句意:随着中国的发展,我们政府越来越热衷于保护环境。根据所给汉语提示可知,此处应用形容词“enthusiastic/passionate热衷的”作表语,be enthusiastic/passionate about意为“热衷于......”,故填enthusiastic/passionate。 55.inspiring/motivating 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:奥林匹克格言“更快、更高、更强”一直激励着运动员们。“激励”作谓语,用动词inspire/motivate,结合句意和助动词has been可知,应用现在分词构成现在完成进行时态has been inspiring/motivating,强调动作从过去持续到现在,并将一直进行下去。故填inspiring/motivating。 56.advocating 【详解】考查动词。句意:她一直倡导通过组织社区清洁活动和提高对气候变化的认识来保护环境。根据语境,由于She has been 是现在完成进行时态,强调动作从过去开始并持续到现在,因此需要用动词的现在分词形式,“提倡”的英文为"advocate”,其现在分词是advocating。故填advocating。 57.commitment/promise 【详解】考查名词。句意:他已作出戒烟的承诺。根据汉语提示“承诺,保证”可知,此处为名词commitment/promise,作宾语,不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填commitment/promise。 58.cruel 【详解】考查形容词。句意:忽视寻求帮助的人是残忍的。根据汉语提示“残忍的”,可知需要形容词cruel作表语。故填cruel。 59.assigned 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:昨天我们给每个人分配了不同的问题。“分配”为assign,根据yesterday可知,句子用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填assigned。 60.Unfortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意:不幸的是,奈史密斯博士没能活着看到篮球成为今天这样一项世界性的运动。根据汉语提示可知,空格处应该用副词unfortunately“不幸地”作状语,修饰后面的句子。故填Unfortunately。 61.sincere/genuine 【详解】考查形容词。句意:她看起来很真诚,但我还是不相信她。空格处用形容词作表语,“真诚的”的形容词是sincere/genuine,故填sincere/genuine。 62.furniture 【详解】考查名词。句意:很多家具将在超市里展览。不可数名词furniture(家具)作主语,故填furniture. 63.envy 【详解】考查动词。句意:我确实很羡慕你。你如此聪明。envy意为“羡慕” 符合句意。分析句子可知do在句中起强调作用,其后要用动词原形,故填envy。 64.abandon 【详解】句意:你会为了一棵树而放弃整个森林吗?结合所给汉语可知答案为abandon。 65.damp 【详解】考查形容词。句意:炎热潮湿的天气不适合他,因为他来自北方城市。“潮湿的”为damp,形容词作定语。故填damp。 66. What can we do with the problem How can we deal with/cope with the problem How can we handle the problem How can we solve/resolve/settle the problem 【详解】考查固定短语和特殊疑问句。本句是特殊疑问句,结构是特殊疑问词+一般疑问句;表示“怎么”,用特殊疑问词how;表示“能够”,用情态动词can,后接动词原形;表示“处理”,可用do with/deal with/cope with/handle/solve/resolve/settle,其中短语do with要与特殊疑问词what连用;表示“问题”,用名词question,此处表示特指,名词前加定冠词the;空处位于句首,需首字母大写。故空①What can we do with the problem; ②How can we deal with/cope with the problem;③How can we handle the problem;④How can we solve/resolve/settle the problem。 67.gave out 【详解】考查固定搭配和动词时态。句意:徒步多日后,她的体力终于耗尽,但她仍继续前进。表示“耗尽”使用固定搭配give out,根据其他汉语提示可知,表示过去发生的动作使用一般过去时。故填gave out。 68.What if 【详解】考查固定句式。表示“要是……会怎么样呢?”可用句式“what if…?”what if用于疑问句句首,询问不希望看到的事发生时的结果。句首字母大写,故填What if。 69.turned up 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“出现了”,“出现”是固定短语turn up,由thought可知,句子时态是一般过去时,空格处动词用过去式,故填turned up。 70.whoever you are/no matter who you are 【详解】考查让步状语从句。表示“不论你是谁”用whoever you are或者no matter who you are来表示,构成让步状语从句。whoever=no matter who。故填whoever you are/no matter who you are。 71.if you hadn’t given me a hand in time 【详解】考查虚拟语气。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“如果不是你及时地帮我一把”,应用if引导条件状语从句,从句主语“你”you,根据句意及主句“I would have accomplished nothing”可知,该句是一个虚拟语气的句子,用来表达对过去情况的假设,主句用了“would have + 过去分词” 的结构,从句应用相应的虚拟语气形式“had + 过去分词”,“帮我一把”应用动词短语give me a hand,结合虚拟形式及否定意思,应用hadn’t given me a hand,“及时”应用介词短语in time。故填if you hadn’t given me a hand in time. 72. winter approaching approaches approach of winter 【详解】考查with的复合结构、动词时态和名词短语。第一空为with的复合结构,表示“冬天临近”,其英文表达为With winter approaching,宾语是winter,现在分词approaching作宾语补足语;第二空为As引导的时间状语从句,空处作从句谓语,主语为winter,第三人称单数,谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式approaches;第三空句中动词brings为句子的谓语,所以空处需要填主语,即名词形式,由此可以用介词短语“of+名词”作后置定语,表示为the approach of winter。故填①winter approaching;②approaches;③approach of winter。 73.has nothing to do with 【详解】考查动词短语。分析句子结构,空白处需要一个短语来表达“与……无关”的意思。“has nothing to do with”是一个常用的固定短语,意思正是“与……无关”。句子是描述一个事实,使用一般现在时,因主语为单数第三人称,谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式,故填has nothing to do with。 74. vary from to 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文句意,用vary from...to..表示“从……到……变化”,根据句中is made可知,句子使用一般现在时,whose age指的是pupils的年龄,为复数意义,所以从句谓语动词使用原形形式。故填①vary from;②to。 75.It was her perseverance and selfless devotion that 【详解】考查名词,形容词和强调句。根据汉语句意可知,空处需填“是她的坚韧不拔和无私奉献”的英语表达,可以用it is/was +被强调部分+that+其他部分的强调句表示,根据“strengthened”可知,句子用了一般过去时,故强调句中用was,“她的坚韧不拔”用名词her perseverance表示,“无私奉献”用selfless devotion表示,并列名词作主语,用and连接。故填It was her perseverance and selfless devotion that 答案第1页,共2页 答案第1页,共2页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 重点单词变形,语法,短语,句型练习-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练(人教版2019)
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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 重点单词变形,语法,短语,句型练习-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练(人教版2019)
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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 重点单词变形,语法,短语,句型练习-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练(人教版2019)
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