专题4 第2讲 有提示词类——名词、代词、形容词和副词-【步步高】2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略（新高考）

第2讲　有提示词类——名词、代词、形容词和副词 　　　　　　如何确定名词的词形变化 名词的词形变化主要包括名词变复数、名词所有格和名词的词性转换。 考查方向 解题思路 针对训练 名词变复数 1.有数词或者these，those，several，many，all，both，various，countless，a number of 等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。 2.前有“one of”修饰时，名词用复数形式。 3.若谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的名词用复数形式。 4.名词变复数的规则见下表。 1.(2023·陕西榆林二模)The songs included many well-known poems(poem) from the Tang Dynasty，such as Luo Binwang’s Singing of Goose and Li Bai’s Quiet Thoughts by Night. 2.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans(human) are. 3.(2023·河北沧州一模)With its landscape of plateaus(高原) bound by mountains，Shanxi Province in North China is regarded as being associated with fields of wheat and iconic wheat products.Daoxiao noodles is one of the most popular dishes(dish) there. 名词所有格 提示词与后面的名词为所属关系，应考虑名词所有格。单数名词或不以s 结尾的复数名词，在词尾加’s；以s 结尾的单数或者复数名词，在词尾加’。 4.(2023·江苏苏北七市二模)This type of drum dance is commonly seen performed during the last and first month of the lunar year in many local festive activities，thus expressing people’s(people) hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come. 名词变形容词 提示词为名词，如果作表语或作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有表示比较级和最高级的词more/most或less/least，则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-able；-al；-ful；-en；-y；-less；-ly；-ous等构成形容词，如：terrible，national，useful，wooden，healthy，careless，monthly，dangerous等。 5.(2023·山东平度高三二模)In addition，Hangzhou will also increase forest coverage along the river in partnership with Huangshan to highlight a harmonious(harmony) relationship between ecological protection and economic development. 6.(2023·安徽淮北二模)Audrey Lorenzini，an independent (independence) publisher from Padova，Italy，was discussing copyright issues with the Chinese exhibitors. 7.(2022·全国甲)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful(meaning). 名词变动词 提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-en；-ize或前缀en-等构成动词，如：strengthen，apologize，encourage，endanger等。 8.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to strengthen(strength) your leg muscles，avoid hills and get good running shoes. 名词变复数的规则 变化规则 典型例词 规则变化 一般在词尾加s；如果是以ch，sh，s，x等结尾的单词，则加es。注意：以th结尾的名词变复数时一般直接加s。 trees，bikes，books，buses，watches，boxes，bushes，months 辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es；元音字母＋y结尾的单词，则直接加s。 babies，families，boys，plays 以o结尾的单词除了一人(hero)、两菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s。 radios，photos 以f或fe结尾的单词，通常把f，fe变为v再加es。 wives，knives，wolves 特殊变化 man→men，woman→women；tooth→teeth，foot→feet；child→children；mouse→mice 单复数同形 Chinese，Japanese，species，sheep，deer，fish 注意　1.除了上表中的情况以外，还有一些特殊变化的名词，如：German→Germans；human→humans；stomach→stomachs；chief→chiefs；belief→beliefs等。 2．两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词为复数，如 apple trees，factory workers等；但是和man，woman组成的合成词两个词都要变复数，如women teachers，men doctors等。 　　　　　　如何确定代词的词形变化 考查方向 解题思路 针对训练 人称代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语时，应考虑人称代词主格(I，we，you，he，she，it，they)形式。 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少宾语或表语时应考虑人称代词宾格(me，us，you，him，her，it，them)形式。 1.(2023·江西南昌一模)“This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming them(they) chemically into something useful for a human mission，” Jeffrey Hoffman，a retired astronaut，said. 物主代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(my，our，your，his，her，its，their)形式。 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、表语或宾语，且表示拥有者时，应考虑名词性物主代词(mine，ours，yours，his，hers，its，theirs)形式。 2.(2023·安徽蚌埠二检)The upsets caused many fans to express their(they) disappointment over Team China’s struggles. 3.(2023·山东潍坊二模)“Based on other studies that have come out，including ours(we)，we are starting to think timing of meals most likely doesn’t produce an instant impact on weight loss，” said doctor Bennett. 反身代词 提示词为代词，当该词作动词或介词的宾语或表语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself，ourselves，yourself，yourselves，himself，herself，itself，themselves)形式。 4.(2023·四川眉山二诊) The Ramunion workers threw themselves(they) into the rescue attempt despite temperatures dropping to －8℃，according to the NGO. 　　　　　　如何确定形容词和副词的词形变化 考查方向 解题思路 针对训练 形容词变副词、名词 1.若提示词修饰动词、形容词或全句，应考虑副词形式。 2.若提示词在动词前作主语或在介词、动词后作宾语，应考虑名词形式。 1.(2023·安徽安庆二模)The traditional process of making Xuan paper is extremely(extreme) demanding and involves over 100 steps. 2.(2023·河南安阳一模)French President Emmanuel Macron supported the idea of arranging the ceremony on the Seine in July despite some concerns voiced over how to best ensure safety(safe) for such a big event that passes by many well-known parts of Paris’ iconic cityscape. 形容词、副词变反义词 根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，可以添加否定前缀(il-，un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less等)变为反义词。 3.Over the past decades，the country has lost more than 30% of its forest cover due to illegal(legal) logging. 形容词、副词变比较级 1.空前有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal或空后有than 等标志词时应考虑用比较级。 2.句型“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。 3.句型“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。 4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。 5.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含比较级的意义，也需要用比较级。 4.(2023·河北邯郸一模)In Stockholm and Malmo，two of the largest cities in Sweden，the block lasted even longer (long) to allow workers to change all the road signs. 5.(2023·吉林白山二模)Though they grow slowly，the seedlings no bigger(big) than fingernails may become coral reefs whose size can surpass several soccer fields. 6.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the hotter(hot) the spring！ 7.—Did you have a good sleep last night？ —Yes，never sleep better(well). 8.(2023·陕西咸阳一模)The museum hoped the programs not only brightened up the life of old people but also passed on the qualities to the younger(young) generations. 形容词、副词变最高级 1.设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时，用最高级。 2.设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。 3.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含最高级的意义，也需要用最高级。 9.(2023·河南开封二模)The FRB originated some three billion light years away from Earth.FRB is one of the hottest(hot) ever topics in astronomy. 10.(2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s highest(high) mountain. 附表1　形容词变副词的规则 变化规则 典型例词 形容词变副词一般直接在其后加-ly quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously 以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly 以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y possible→possibly，probable→probably 以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly happy→happily，healthy→healthily 以ic 结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally economic→economically，basic→basically 以ll 结尾的形容词要在其后加-y full→fully，dull→dully 注意　除了上表中的情况以外，形容词变副词还有一些特殊的变化形式，如：whole→wholly，public→publicly，shy→shyly等。 附表2　形容词、副词变比较级或最高级的规则 变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词，末尾加-er，-est tall great taller greater tallest greatest 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st nice simple nicer simpler nicest simplest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加-er，-est easy busy easier busier easiest busiest 少数以er，ow结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er，-est clever narrow(窄的) cleverer narrower cleverest narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most important easily more important more easily most important most easily 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Group 1　达标练 1．It was the first road in China with three colored dividing lines，and has successfully(successful) applied for national intellectual property certification. 2．(2023·河北邯郸一模)The change was extremely unpopular，but it was necessary.Finland and Norway are Sweden’s neighboring countries(country)． 3．(2023·山西吕梁二模)The 24 solar terms are determined by changes in the sun’s(sun) position in the zodiac(黄道带) during the year. 4．(2023·江西新八校联考)For most of the time，Ghanaian students at the institute involve themselves(they) in the learning of the Chinese language and traditional Chinese culture. 5．(2023·四川遂宁三模)However，because of its (it) altitude，it’s such a great challenge to both one’s physical ability and mind. 6．(2023·安徽阜阳质检)Fortunately(fortunate)，Sivley owned a four-wheel drive，which was fully equipped with hooks，chains and recovery tow straps(拖带)，and capable of pulling over 40,000 pounds. 7．China’s commitment to engage 300 million people in winter sports has already become a reality(real)． 8．(2023·山东青岛适应性检测)“I hope that we can turn villages into more beautiful places and make villagers get richer(rich)，” Wang said. 9．(2023·四川绵阳二诊)Although failing to qualify for the FIFA World Cup finals soccer tournament in Qatar，China made a huge contribution to the largest(large) global sporting event in the world. 10．The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school，before you make any choice about your further(far) education. Group 2　真题练 1．(2023·全国甲)Different(difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their(they) contents. 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，tasty(taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 4．(2023·新课标Ⅱ)They also need to be ready to give interviews(interview) in English with international journalists. 5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ)So，what are they learning？Basically(basic)，how to describe a panda’s life. 6．(2023·浙江1月)The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by spacious(space) homes and walled gardens. 7．(2023·浙江1月)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower. 8．(2022·全国乙)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the largest(large) tea-producing country，China has a responsibility(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 9．(2022·全国乙)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony，opening its(it) first exhibition：The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 10．(2022·新课标Ⅰ)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations(population) and homes of giant pandas，and eventually(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. A (2023·甘肃酒泉一模) Herman Travis,55，lives in Holly Courts，a low-income neighborhood in San Francisco and he has not so many 1. (possess)．Every Tuesday，Travis fills a shopping cart(购物车) with groceries from a local food bank.Then he makes home deliveries to his elderly and disabled neighbors.He began doing it in 2007 and when he first started，people were doubtful.They didn’t welcome it as he had expected.“At first people were 2. (caution)．They didn’t let me in.” “However，only after they 3. (get) to really know me were they pleased to see me eventually.But I wish that I had started doing it earlier，” Travis once told me.I am one of Travis’ neighbors 4. receive deliveries from him.To some degree，I depend on him to live my life.Like everyone else，on the one hand，I sincerely appreciate his help，and on the other hand，I expect 5. (see) the joy Travis gets out of making 6. (he) rounds.If he didn’t come to see me，I should miss him very much now.When we meet with each other on the way，he may stop to chat with me for some time so I know much about him.He often says it is not so stressful a job.Having kept doing such a thing for about fifteen years already，he is admired and respected by everybody.Some people once asked him，“Do you think it is worth doing such kinds of things？” He nodded his head，saying，“I think so.” He’s so kind and warm，always 7. (smile)，as if he were doing 8. favor for his own family. What he does always appeals 9. other people in nearby neighborhoods that have been trying to poach(挖走) Travis for years.They suggest paying him to go and deliver food for them when they run out of food.But he simply wouldn’t do it for money. It might be a small thing that Travis is doing so，but he does that with big love.It’s 10.____________(spiritual) rewarding for himself. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是55岁的赫尔曼·特拉维斯帮助低收入社区中的人们，给他们发放免费食物的事迹。 1．答案　possessions 解析　考查名词。分析句子结构，设空处作宾词，应使用possess的名词形式possession，意为“财产”，常用复数。故填possessions。 2．答案　cautious 解析　考查形容词。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，表示“谨慎的”用cautious。故填cautious。 3．答案　got 解析　考查动词的时态。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。此处表示过去的事实，故使用一般过去时。故填got。 4．答案　that/who 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词neighbours，用that或who。故填that/who。 5．答案　to see 解析　考查不定式。句中expect to do sth为固定短语，意为“期待去做某事”。故填to see。 6．答案　his 解析　考查代词。分析句子，设空处使用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填his。 7．答案　smiling 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子，句中is为谓语动词，设空处为非谓语动词，smile与主语He之间为主动关系，应用其现在分词表伴随。故填smiling。 8．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。do a favor for sb为固定短语，意为“为某人做好事；帮助某人”。故填a。 9．答案　to 解析　考查固定短语。句中appeal to为固定短语，意为“吸引”。故填to。 10．答案　spiritually 解析　考查副词。分析句子，设空处使用spiritual的副词spiritually作状语，意为“精神上地”。故填spiritually。 B (2023·河北保定一模) Walking into the Palace Museum，visitors can see an architectural complex with many characteristics of Chinese culture.But 1. can’t be seen is the science and technology behind it.The Palace Museum combines traditional restoration techniques with modern science and technology，thus 2. (enhance) its capacity for cultural exhibition，communication，tourism services and heritage protection. The Palace Museum,3. (equip) with a cultural heritage protection and research team with China’s most complete variety，has developed and integrated 14 types of special monitoring devices 4. independent intellectual property rights (IPR)．The 5.____________(history) risk data is used to study and compile(编译) safety risk assessment index system，risk judgment and early warning systems，and preventive measures.With the introduction of AI，big data and cloud computing，the museum has also established a unique monitoring and response system and 6. emergency platform for immovable cultural relics. Additionally，digital technologies 7. (apply) by the Palace Museum to protect cultural relics.It has introduced 1.86 million pieces of cultural relic information,850,000 pieces/sets of images,1,500 three-dimensional models and high-precision panoramic images(全景图) of all open areas，bringing cultural resources to life and offering 8. (good) digital services for Internet users.The Palace Museum is 9. (true) an amazing example of applying the 10. (combine) of modern and traditional technologies to the restoration and preservation of more of the cultural relics. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了故宫博物院将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。 1．答案　what 解析　考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，作主语，指代事物，应用连接词what。故填what。 2．答案　enhancing 解析　考查现在分词。空处为非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填enhancing。 3．答案　equipped 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，The Palace Museum与equip为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填equipped。 4．答案　with 解析　考查介词。根据句意可知，表示“有”，用介词with。故填with。 5．答案　historical 解析　考查形容词。表示“历史的”用形容词historical修饰名词。故填historical。 6．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。platform为可数名词，此处泛指“一个应急平台”，且emergency的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 7．答案　have been applied 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。表示过去对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语与谓语为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为复数。故填have been applied。 8．答案　better 解析　考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知，表示“更好的数字服务”，用形容词比较级better。故填better。 9．答案　truly 解析　考查副词。修饰谓语动词应用副词。故填truly。 10．答案　combination 解析　考查名词。apply后接名词作宾语，combination“结合”为抽象概念，不可数。故填combination。 强化练(二十五)　语法填空(2) A (2023·福建福州5月质检) China unveiled(公布) a list of the country’s top 10 scientific achievements for 2022.It featured breakthroughs in basic research 1. (range) from space science to agriculture.China completed the in-orbit construction 2. its space station，with two manned spaceships and two 20-tonne-level lab modules 3. (send) into orbit.The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST)，also known as the “China Sky Eye”，achieved a number of 4. (discovery)，including a new repeating fast radio burst it detected.In October，China 5. (launch) a solar exploration satellite called Kuafu-1 into space to settle the mysteries of the sun，producing 6. (it) first solar image in November. In the field of agriculture，Chinese researchers identified yield-related genes in corn and rice,7._____________ allows for their grain output to be increased by about 10 percent and 8 percent，respectively. This year’s list of the country’s top 10 scientific advances is the 8.____________ (twenty-nine) annual event of its kind.The goal of the list is to showcase China’s 9.__________ (late) achievements of basic research in some fundamental fields 10. encourage Chinese scientists and engineers to work hard for achieving quality self-reliance in science and technology. 1．答案　ranging 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词featured，所以此处用非谓语动词。逻辑主语research与range之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填ranging。 2．答案　of 解析　考查介词。名词construction和its space station之间为所属关系，所以用介词of。故填of。 3．答案　sent 解析　考查非谓语动词。这里为with的复合结构。介词with后的宾语“two manned spaceships and two 20-tonne-level lab modules”与send之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填sent。 4．答案　discoveries 解析　考查名词复数。a number of“许多”，后接可数名词的复数形式。故填discoveries。 5．答案　launched 解析　考查时态。根据时间状语In October可知，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时态。故填launched。 6．答案　its 解析　考查代词。名词solar image前应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 7．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，句中先行词为主句内容，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8．答案　twenty-ninth 解析　考查序数词。根据定冠词the和句意可知，表示“第29届”，所以用序数词形式。故填twenty-ninth。 9．答案　latest 解析　考查形容词最高级。结合句意，表示“最新的基础研究成果”，用形容词最高级形式。故填latest。 10．答案　and 解析　考查连词。句中“showcase China’s... ”和“encourage Chinese scientists and engineers to work hard for...”之间为并列关系，所以用并列连词。故填and。 B (2023·广东揭阳跨市区三模) Twenty years ago，a 9-year-old girl insisted on going to Beijing for following her dancing dream.She did not know 1. pursuing dance would bring her，but only took on the challenge 2. her full passion and love for dance. 3． (drive) by her dancing dream，Meng Qingyang was 4. (successful) admitted to the major of classical Chinese dance at the well-known Beijing Dance Academy—the 5.__________(high) dance education institution in China—at the age of 14，and became a dancer at the age of 20. The young artist encountered luck as well as unimaginable difficulties while 6. (pursue) her dream.But because of the dream，she would return to the stage again and again and express 7.__________(she) and the traditional culture through her elegant and graceful dance. Dancing on the stage of CCTV Spring Festival Gala Evening(春晚) is certainly the dream of many dancers including Meng.In 2013，she 8. (cast) as the lead dancer in two dance performances in the gala feast.Happiness，excitement，and 9. (nervous) swallowed her at the same time.After practicing day and night，Meng delivered a perfect performance. In 2022，Meng landed 10. role of “Green”，which made her an overnight hit at the 2022 Spring Festival Gala Evening. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了舞蹈演员孟庆旸用舞蹈展现中国传统文化的励志故事。 1．答案　what 解析　考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作bring的宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 2．答案　with 解析　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“带着”，应用介词with。故填with。 3．答案　Driven 解析　考查非谓语动词。drive与主语Meng Qingyang是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填Driven。 4．答案　successfully 解析　考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词，应用副词successfully作状语。故填successfully。 5．答案　highest 解析　考查形容词最高级。根据“in China”可知，此处表示中国最高舞蹈教育机构，应用形容词最高级，作定语。故填highest。 6．答案　pursuing 解析　考查状语从句的省略。当时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词，本句的完整句子为“The young artist encountered luck as well as unimaginable difficulties while she was pursuing her dream.”。此处省略she was，保留现在分词。故填pursuing。 7．答案　herself 解析　考查反身代词。此处作宾语，和主语she指同一个人，应该用反身代词herself。故填herself。 8．答案　was cast 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。cast与she是被动关系，应用被动语态；由In 2013可知，应用一般过去时；主语为单数，故填was cast。 9．答案　nervousness 解析　考查名词。此处与Happiness和 excitement作并列主语，应用名词nervousness，表示抽象概念，不可数。故填nervousness。 10．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。此处特指春晚上的一个角色，应用定冠词。故填the。 C (2023·江西赣州二模) Kites，which were invented over 2,000 years ago in China，are believed to be 1. earliest flying objects created by humans.After centuries of development，kites have become one of the country’s representative traditional handicrafts，showing 2. (it) charm and gaining popularity all over the world.In 2006，kite-making technique was included 3. the list of China’s national intangible cultural heritage. Currently，the Chinese kite-making technique 4. (involve) four steps: making the frame，pasting paper onto the frame，painting and decorating it and then mastering the art of flying the kite.The most distinctive kite-making technique can be found in Weifang,5. has developed its own unique characteristics 6. (base) on traditional kite-making craftsmanship.This city is 7. (wide) regarded as the birthplace of many popular flying toys.The themes of Weifang kites are incredibly different，including birds，fish，cultural relics，historical figures and legends. Today in Weifang，there are virtually no limitations on the shapes or sizes of kites，which can be made 8. (present) people’s ideals and aspirations.This diversity can be observed at the annual Weifang International Kite Festival，which 9. (hold) on the third Saturday of every April since 1984.People from over 30 countries and regions around the world take part in the festival every year.During the festival，the skill of kite-flying is demonstrated through many aerial 10. (compete)． 1．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。根据空后的earliest可知，此处应用定冠词the限定形容词的最高级。故填the。 2．答案　its 解析　考查代词。修饰名词charm应用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 3．答案　in/on 解析　考查介词。be included in/on“被纳入”，为固定短语，故填in/on。 4．答案　involves 解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，involve作谓语，与主语technique是主动关系，主语是不可数名词，且描述一般事实，用一般现在时，故填involves。 5．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Weifang，指物，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which，故填which。 6．答案　based 解析　考查过去分词。be based on是固定短语，意为“根据；在……的基础上”，此处作定语，应用过去分词。故填based。 7．答案　widely 解析　考查副词。修饰谓语动词is regarded as用副词作状语，故填widely。 8．答案　to present 解析　考查不定式。分析句子可知，此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to present。 9．答案　has been held 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，hold是which引导的定语从句的谓语动词，which指代先行词the annual Weifang International Kite Festival，是单数，与hold是被动关系，由时间状语since 1984可知，用现在完成时态，故填has been held。 10．答案　competitions 解析　考查名词复数。形容词修饰名词，由many修饰用复数。故填competitions。 D (2023·湖北武汉5月模拟) Atule’er，a 200-year-old village in Sichuan Province，made headlines around the world when photographs emerged in 2016 of schoolchildren 1. (go) down the cliff(悬崖) on unstable hand-made ladders(梯子) 2. “sky ladders”，as locals called them. The two-hour climb 3. (be) the villagers’ only way to access the outside world.In recent years，local authorities have replaced their hand-made ladders with a steel one,4._________(extreme) reducing their travel time. This week，however,84 households of Atule’er left the ladders behind 5. good，resettling in apartment blocks closer to 6. town centre of Zhaojue county,46 miles away.They live in new apartments ranging from 25 square meters to 100 square meters,7.__________ have modern kitchens，toilets，running water，electricity and gas. Not all villagers have been relocated，however—about 30 households are planning to stay.Atule’er has become a tourist attraction.8. (far) development will service that industry，with officials plotting 9. (build) a cable car to carry tourists up and down the cliff. In 2019，the Chinese government had made a 10. (commit) to lift all of its 1.4 billion people out of poverty by 2020.The clifftop villagers’ resettlement is part of that broader drive，and they are not alone. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在2016年登上了世界各地的头条新闻的阿土勒尔村小学生们攀爬天梯上下悬崖的事情，在报道之后，该村人们的生活水平得到了极大的改善。 1．答案　going 解析　考查非谓语动词。这里为动名词的复合结构担当宾语，schoolchildren与go down之间是主动关系。故填going。 2．答案　or 解析　考查连词。空前“hand-made ladders”和空后“sky ladders”是同一事物的两种称呼，用or连接。故填or。 3．答案　was 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the two-hour climb”，单数形式，be动词用单数。故填was。 4．答案　extremely 解析　考查副词。修饰动词“reduce”用副词形式。故填extremely。 5．答案　for 解析　考查固定搭配。固定搭配for good，意为“永远地”。故填for。 6．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。此处修饰可数名词单数，表示特指，用定冠词the。故填the。 7．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。这里为非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为“new apartments”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8．答案　Further 解析　考查形容词的比较级。根据上下文可知，空处指的是该地区更进一步的发展，用比较级形式；空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Further。 9．答案　to build 解析　考查非谓语动词。plot to do sth计划做某事。故填to build。 10．答案　commitment 解析　考查名词。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，不定冠词a表明用单数形式。故填commitment。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$