Unit 3 The Internet Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Discovering Useful Structures Learning Objectives To learn the present perfect passive voice To use the present perfect passive voice to do some exercises 语态 主动语态 被动语态 当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态； 当主语是动作的承受者时，动词用被动语态。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned (by us) yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 被动语态：be done(过去分词） 谓语动词被动语态的基本用法： 1.一般现在时态：am/is/are+done 2.一般过去时态：was/were+done 3.一般将来时态：will/shall be+done 4.现在进行时态：be being+done 1.The new library ______________ ;it will be open next year. A.had been built B.was built C.was being built D.is being built 2.Please wear your best clothes on Monday,as your class photos ______ then. A.will take B.will be taken C.have taken D.have been taken 3.Chinese kites in ancient times ________ in the shape of birds. A.design B.had designed C.were designed D.have been designed D B C 练习 现在完成时 定义：表示某动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，并将持续下去，常和表示一段时间的状语连用。 构成：have/has+done(过去分词） has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have 现在完成时的基本句型 1.陈述句肯定形式:主语+have/has+过去分词+其它 eg. He has gone to Beijing. 他去了北京。 2.陈述句否定形式：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其它 （在助动词have/has后+not,可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t) eg.He hasn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。 3.一般疑问句形式及其答语：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它（将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号） 肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has. 否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. -Has he gone to Beijing? -Yes,he has./No,he hasn’t. 4.特殊疑问句形式（疑问词+一般疑问句） 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其它？ eg.Where has he gone? 他去了哪里？ 现在完成时的主要用法 一、表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果：强调结果。 He has just turned off the light.(他刚把灯关了。） 相当于：He turned off the light just now.The light isn’t on now.即关灯这一动作对现在造成的结果和影响：现在灯不亮了。） 二、表示从过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续。 She has lived here since she was born.自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。 I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。 三、表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。 Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? 你曾去过颐和园吗？ I have never had a car. 我从未有过汽车。 在下列情形下用现在完成时 1．九词语 ① already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 例： I have already found my pen .= I have found my pen already . .② yet 已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例： I have not finished the work yet . Have you bought a computer yet ? ③ ever 曾经 句中 Have you ever seen pandas ? 在下列情形下用现在完成时 ④ never 从不 句中 例:I have never been to Beijing . ⑤ just 刚刚 句中 例:I have just done my work . ⑥ before 以前 句尾 例:I have never been there before . 在下列情形下用现在完成时 ⑦ so far 到目前为止 例： So far he has learnt 200 words . ③ how long 多久 例： How long have you lived here ? ③ how many times 多少次 例： How many times has he been to Beijing ? since 和 for的用法 since 一个时间点 一段时间+ago 从句 Mr . Smith has worked here since 1984. (1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。) I have known Daniel since 7 years ago . （自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。) He has learned about 500 words since he went to college . （他上大学以来大约学了五千语词） for ＋一段时间 ( two weeks / six months / five days ) for 短表示动作延续多长时间。 He has taught in this school for four years . （我们认识有二十年了。) I haven’t seen her for a long time . （我好久没有见到她了。) 练习 1.Although she is only 16 years old,she _________________ to drugs for two years. A.addicts B.had been addicted C.has addicted D.has been addicted 2.The boy pretended __________ asleep when his father came back. A.to fall B.to have fallen C.to be falling D.have fallen 3.Over the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ___________ sharply. A.was increasing B.has increased C.had increased D.will be increasing D B B 现在完成时的被动语态 Read the pairs of sentences. Underline and compare the different verb forms. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life. Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web. How do we form the present perfect passive voice? Fill in the blank. Verb form Active Passive have /has + v-ed ______________________ have/has+been done(v-ed) 现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现在或对现在造成的影响或结果。 考点一：现在完成时的被动语态的形式 1.肯定式：主语+have/has+been+done+其它 The problem has already been solved. 问题早已解决。 2.否定式：主语+have/has+not+been done+其它。 They haven’t been told the exciting news yet. 他们还没有被告知这个令人兴奋的消息。 3.一般疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been done+其它 Has his new novel been translated into English yet? 他的新小说被译成英语了吗？ 4.特殊疑问式：疑问词(词组)+have/has+主语+been done+其它 How long has the car been used? 这辆汽车用了多长时间？ 即学即练 The children have already been told the good news. 1.将上面的句子变为否定句。 __________________________________________________________ 2.将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。 __________________________________________________________ 3.对上面句子中的The children进行提问。 __________________________________________________________ The children haven’t been told the good news yet. Have the children been told the good news yet? Who has been told the good news yet? 考点二：现在完成时的被动语态的基本用法 1) 表过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常连用的时间状语有：for+段时间，since+时间状语(从句)，these days, so far, up to now, in the last/ past few years等。 eg.Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已经被讨论了近两个小时了。 2) 表某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just, ever, never, recently等连用。 eg The bike has not been repaired yet. 自行车还没有被修好。 注意：有些动词没有被动语态, 如不及物动词happen, take place, break out等。 即学即练——用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子/补全句子。 ①Jack’s boss has always praised him for his devotion to work. Jack _____________________________ by his boss for his devotion to work. ②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village. A good place ____________________ to build a temple in the village. ③We haven’t yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem. How to solve that difficult technological problem __________________ yet. has always been praised has been found hasn’t been decided ④I will go home when my homework ___________________________ (被完成）。 ⑤Paper money __________________________(被使用）for over one thousand years. has been finished has been used 考点三：使用现在完成时的被动语态时应注意的问题 1.现在完成时的被动语态中have/has和been不可漏掉。 The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 这个计划已经被专家研究三次了。 2.现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有联系；而一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关系，与现在没有关系。 The library has been built. 这座图书馆已经建好了。(图书馆可以用了) The library was built last year. 这座图书馆是去年建成的。(图书馆现在是否能用是未知的) 3.含有非延续性动词，如begin,start,buy,borrow,finish等的句子，用于现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词的现在完成时的被动语态的否定式则可以与for或since引导的时间状语连用。 The work has been finished for two days.(错误) This book has not been borrowed since last week.(正确) 4.动词短语用于现在完成时的被动语态时，动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。 The injured bird has been looked after since it was saved.(after不可省略） 那只受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。 即学即练——单句语法填空/补全句子 1.Great changes __________________(take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories __________________(set) up. 2.Some efforts ____________(make) to improve the air quality in the city last winter. 3.Over the past three years,the paintings ________________(take) to more than 20 museums in the world. 4.For centuries,the ancient language _________________(pass) on from one generation to another. 5.The patient ____________________________ (被照顾得很好) ever since he came to our hospital. have taken have been set were made have been taken has been passed has been taken good care of Look at the pictures, first list some key words, then make up sentences using the present perfect passive voice. the buildings, destroy, earthquake The buildings have been destroyed by the earthquake. in our city, a new bridge, build A new bridge has been built in our city. recently, many trees, plant, along the road Many trees have been planted along the road recently. Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. They’ve built a kind of new PC with more functions. A kind of new PC has been built with more functions. n. 功能；作用 vi. 起作用；运转 1. I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer. 2. Someone has lost an identity card. 3. Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password? The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer. An identity card has been lost. Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed? n. 电池 vt. 确认；使确信 4. Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file? 5. Has anyone made a comment about the online database? Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file? Has a/any comment been made about the online database? n. 文件, 档案 Thank you for your listening! 返回首页 $$