Unit 2 同步练习 -2024-2025学年人教版九年级英语全册

Unit2练习题 一、单选题 1、— What's the most important morning news on CCTV today? — The Chinese government warned Japan ____ do harm to China's territorial sovereignty(领土主权) again and again. A. to not B. didn't C. not to D. do not 2、It's cold outside. _____ your sweater before you go out. A. Put on B. Turn on C. Put up D. Give up 3、_________ special class we had today! We learned about kung fu. A. How B. What C. How a D. What a 4、I don’t know if Eric this Sunday. If he ____ here,I’ll call you at once. A. will come; will come B. come; comes C. comes; will come D. will come; comes 5、—Who broke the window? —_________. A strong wind broke it last night A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody 6、—Tommy, do you know if Frank _________ to the theatre with us this Sunday if the weather_________? —Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; will be fine D. goes; will be fine 7、—Do you know _______ yesterday? —Yes. He went for the boat race. A. why didn’t Peter go to school B. why doesn’t Peter go to school C. why Peter didn’t go to school D. why Peter doesn’t go to school 8、—________ will you go back to your hometown? — In a week. A.How long B.How far C.How soon 9、My friend Marley used to at home all day. But now he’s used to with friends. A. stay； hang out B. staying； hanging out C. stay； hanging out D. staying； hang out 10、Her grandmother ten years ago. A.dying B.died C.dead D.death 11、—Oh，my god! I have five pounds. —Don’t worry. It’s normal for a growing teenage girl. A. put up B. put off C. put on D. put down 12、The world is changing fast every day. I wonder in the future. A. what will the world look like B. how we think of the world C. whether the world will have peace D. which country wins the match 13、一I wonder if Tom this afternoon. 一Don’t worry. I will tell you as soon as he ___________. A. will come； comes B. comes；will come C. comes ; comes 14、—Kangkang，tell us something about in your hometown? —Usually on this day, people eat zongzi in memory of Qu Yuan. A.the Spring Festival B.the Lantern Festiva C.the Dragon Boat Festival D.the Mid-Autumn Festival 15. clean the classroom is! Who cleaned it? A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 二、完形填空 The Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in China. During the Festival, Chinese people have many activities. They paste up Spring Festival couplets (春联), greeting the New Year and saying     1     to the old year. On the first day of the Spring Festival, people     2    , wearing new clothes. Nowadays, children get     3     pockets from their parents and their relatives by WeChat. It is a good time for people to visit relatives and friends. More importantly, the Spring Festival is celebrated not only in China but also in     4     parts of the world.  The Spring Festival has been     5     in the UK since 1980. Every new year, people also get together and have lots of activities. They sing songs, dance     6     music, share photos with friends or watch     7     in the cinema. Additionally, the Spring Festival has become a key time for Chinese living in the US. They     8     in a large evening party to welcome the traditional new year. The Chinese New Year will be welcomed with three weeks of celebrations across Australia. Thousands of people come to Sydney’s Chinatown. They enjoy fireworks (鞭炮) and lion dances. The family dinner on New Year's Eve is an important tradition for Chinese     9     they were born in Singapore or moved there from China. They usually hold it at     10     because having it in a restaurant takes away the meaning of the tradition. 1. A. yes B. goodbye C. no 2. A. hang up B. hang back C. hang out 3. A. green B. golden C. red 4. A. other B. others C. another 5. A. congratulated B. celebrated C. happened 6. A. on B. in C. to 7. A. TV B. matches C. movies 8. A. put B. join c. live 9. A. if B. weather C. whether 10. A. home B. outdoors C. restaurant 三、阅读理解 Carnival (狂欢节) is one of the most important national holidays in Brazil. lt is not held to celebrate a big historical event, but it is a time of friendship and freedom (自由). Be sides this, it's also a time when Brazilians don't have to work. People can choose to hold parties or just have a good rest instead. Most people hold parties, day after day, night after night. There is a forty-day period called Lent (大斋期) before Easter. During that period, Christians (基督教徒) can't eat meat or take part in any activities. Carnival is held during the four days before the start of Lent. People put on their holiday clothes and go out to enjoy themselves. Also, some dance schools often hold activities to show their dances. Many people enjoy this festival. After Carnival, everything returns to the normal state, but this custom isn't followed by some people. They always continue their parties. Like at other parties, these people sing, dance and have fun. However, some people are not happy with this behavior and they feel it leaves a bad image of the holiday. I like Carnival. It's a time for people from all over the world to get together and understand each other better. It's a wonderful holiday and I hope more people will respect it. 1. Carnival usually starts            . A.4 days after Easter B.4 days after Lent C.44 days before Easter 2.The underlined word ‘‘image’’ in this passage means                in Chinese. A.表演 B.来源 C.印象 3.Which of the following is TRUE about Carnival? A. Carnival is a boring holiday in Brazil. B. People in Brazil do not have to work during Carnival. C. Carnival is celebrated to remember a famous person. 4. From this passage, we know that                  . A. some people don't respect Carnival well enough B. the writer often holds Carnival parties C. Carnival isn’t traditional and is liked by few people 5.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A. Different Cultures. B. Christians' Lives. C. Carnival in Brazil.     When I was a kid, I always spent the summer time with my grandparents on their farm. When they were free, they often took me on trips. When I was about ten years old, we had a trip together. I was sitting in the back of the car. My grandfather was driving, and my grandmother was sitting in the passenger seat. She smoked throughout the trip, and I hated the smell.     I once heard an ad about smoking. It said having every puff (吸) at a cigarette (香烟) takes two minutes off one’s life. I decided to do the math for my grandmother. I counted the number of cigarettes she smoked per day, the number of puffs at per cigarette and so on. Then I said to my grandmother, "Every puff took two minutes, so you’ve taken nine years off your life!"     I expected to be praised for my cleverness and math skill. But that was not what happened. Finally, my grandmother began to cry. I sat in the hack seat and did not know what to do. Then, my grandfather pulled the car over and got out of the car. He opened the door and asked me to get off. Was I in trouble? My grandfather was a kind and quiet man. He had never said any harsh (严厉的) words to me. Did he want me to say sorry to my grandmother? My grandfather looked at me, and after a moment of silence, he said, "Jeff, some day you will understand that it’s harder to be kind than clever."     That day I learned that cleverness is a gift, while kindness is a choice. 6.The story happened when the writer was                    . A.on a farm B.in the school C.on a trip D.in a hospital 7.The writer did the math to                        . A.show off his cleverness B.make his grandmother cry C.catch his grandfather’s attention D.make his grandmother give up smoking 8.The writer’s grandfather                  after he heard what the writer said. A.punished the writer B.taught the writer a lesson C.praised the writer D.asked the writer to say sorry 9.According to the passage, the writers grandfather was                  . A.kind B.confident C.polite D.honest 10.What does the writer mainly tell us? A.Seeing is believing. B.Great minds think alike. C.Where there is a will, there is a way. D.To be kind is harder than to be clever. Every Sunday morning I take a walk around a park near my home. There’s a lake in one comer of the park. Each time I walk by this lake, I see the same old woman sitting at the water’s edge (边缘) with a small metal cage beside her.     Last Sunday, I wondered what the woman was doing, so I stopped and walked over to her.     As I got closer, I realized that the metal cage was in fact a small trap (陷阱). There were three turtles, slowly walking around the trap. She had a fourth turtle on her knee that she was carefully washing.     "Hello," I said. "I see you here every Sunday morning. If you don’t mind, I’d love to know what you’re doing with these turtles."     She smiled. "I’m cleaning off their shells (壳)," she replied. "Anything on a turtle’s shell, like algae or scum, reduces the turtle’s ability to absorb (吸收) heat and impedes its ability to swim."     "Wow! That’s really nice of you!" I said. She went on, "I spend a couple of hours each Sunday morning relaxing by this lake and helping these little turtles out. It’s my own strange way of making a difference."     "Well then, don’t you think it may be a waste of time? 99% of these turtles don't have kind people like you to help them clean off their shells. So, no offense... but how can you make a difference by yourself?"     The woman laughed. She then looked clown at the turtle on her knee, and said, "Sweet, if this little turtle could talk, he’d tell you I just made all the difference to the world." 11.The old woman sits at the water's edge with                  . A.a bird B.a handbag C.her pet turtle D.a small cage 12.The writer saw                 turtles in total last Sunday. A.two B.three C.four D.five 13.The old woman spends a couple of hours each Sunday morning by this lake                   . A.feeding the turtles B.catching turtles to sell C.cleaning off the turtles' shells D.talking to the turtles 14.What does the underlined word "impedes" mean in the passage? A.阻碍 B.提高 C.改善 D.丧失 15.From the passage, the writer wants to make us                   . A.clean the turtles' shells because they are very dirty B.do some small things to make a difference to the world C.take a walk around the lake to keep healthy D.save some animals in the world In Britain, Boxing Day is usually celebrated on December 26th.  16  This means it’s not a working day in the whole of Britain. When Boxing Day falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday is the public holiday.      17  One of the thoughts is that during the Middle Ages, when great sailing ships were setting off to discover new land, a Christmas Box was placed on each ship. Those sailors who wanted a safe return would drop money into the box. 18     One more thought is about the "Alms Box". People put gifts for the poor into it. These boxes were always opened the day after Christmas. 19     Today, many businesses, organizations and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive by giving away money to Food Banks, providing gifts for the poor, or helping families in need. 20 根据短文内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项 A. That is why that day became known as Boxing Day. B. It was sealed up (密封) and kept on board until the ship came home safely. C. Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday. D. Besides, spending time with family and shopping are necessary activities on Boxing Day now. E. The exact origin (起源) of the holiday is unclear. 四、语法填空   I’ve never been1__________(late)for school , but yesterday I came very close . My alarm clock didn’t go off ,and by the time I 2__________(wake)up, my father had already gone into the 3________(bathroom)and I had to wait for him to come out . I had to really 4__________(rush). I took a quick shower ,had some 5__________(breakfast),and the ran off to the bus stop ,Unfortunately ,by the time I got there ,the bus had already 6__________(leave), I started 7__________(walk), but I knew I couldn’t get to school on time .8__________(luck), My friend Tony and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they give me a 9_________(ride),when I got to school ,the final bell was ringing . I only 10__________(just)made it to my class. 五、信息摘录 When it comes to volunteering, you should realize that it means much more than just being satisfied to work for an organization. The meaning should be getting the most out of your work as a volunteer. Getting social experiences Working as volunteers makes students enter the society and experience new things and different environments and situations. In this way, they can get many social skills that couldn’t be learned in a classroom. Giving back and helping others Volunteers make people’s life brighter. Jill, a middle school student, has been playing the piano for old people in her community for more than three years. The music lights up their life and they always look forward to her concerts. Creating relations with people Building relationships with people is necessary. Volunteering allows you to meet people from all walks of life. By working as volunteers, you learn from those people you are helping. The qualities (品质)you’ve learned will help you in your future job. Developing a sense of achievement Working as volunteers means a lot to people who volunteer and can always cheer them up. It’s taking some time out of a day and doing something for others. Volunteering makes people feel good. What’s more, it builds self-confidence and lifts the spirits. Take action to volunteer, and you are sure to get more than you expect. What can we get from volunteering? Getting social experience A chance to 1 the new things in the society. Giving back and helping others Brighten people’s life An example: Jill’s 2 lights up the old people’s life. Creating relations with people Build relationships 3 a wide circle of people. The qualities you learn is 4 for future jobs. Developing a sense of achievement Meaningful and cheerful Take some time, but lift the 5 六、写作题 你在下周的中外文化交流活动中,打算介绍中国人是怎样过春节的,请写一篇80词左右的英语短文作为发言稿,内容主要包括以下几点: 1. 春节是中国最重要的节日,家人们都聚集到一起; 2. 白天全家人一起包饺子、看望亲戚朋友、贴剪纸,晚上看《春节联欢晚会》; 3. 孩子们会收到压岁钱。 提示词:Spring Festival Gala《春节联欢晚会》; lucky money 压岁钱 注意:开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Ladies and gentlemen,     I will introduce a traditional Chinese festival.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Besides these, people’s activities are colorful. I hope all of you can come and join us that day.     Thank you! 我将按照题目顺序依次完成作答，包括单选题、完形填空、阅读理解、语法填空、信息摘录以及写作题，旨在全面展现对英语知识的掌握和运用能力，同时为你提供详细的解题思路和优质的写作内容。 ### 一、单选题 1. **答案**：C **解析**：“warn sb. not to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“警告某人不要做某事”，所以选C。 2. **答案**：A **解析**：“put on”表示“穿上”；“turn on”表示“打开”；“put up”表示“张贴；搭建”；“give up”表示“放弃”。根据“It's cold outside.”可知，出去前要穿上毛衣，所以选A。 3. **答案**：D **解析**：“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！”是感叹句结构，“class”是可数名词单数，“special”以辅音音素开头，用a，所以选D。 4. **答案**：D **解析**：第一空“if”引导宾语从句，“this Sunday”表明用一般将来时，填“will come”；第二空“if”引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，填“comes”，所以选D。 5. **答案**：C **解析**：根据“A strong wind broke it last night”可知，没有人打破窗户，“nobody”表示“没有人”，所以选C。 6. **答案**：A **解析**：第一空“if”引导宾语从句，“this Sunday”表明用一般将来时，填“will go”；第二空“if”引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，填“is fine”，所以选A。 7. **答案**：C **解析**：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，“yesterday”表明用一般过去时，所以选C。 8. **答案**：C **解析**：“how long”表示“多长时间”，对时间段提问；“how far”表示“多远”，对距离提问；“how soon”表示“多久以后”，对“in + 时间段”提问。根据“In a week.”可知，用“how soon”提问，所以选C。 9. **答案**：C **解析**：“used to do sth.”表示“过去常常做某事”；“be used to doing sth.”表示“习惯于做某事”。第一空用“stay”，第二空用“hanging out”，所以选C。 10. **答案**：B **解析**：“ten years ago”表明用一般过去时，“die”的过去式是“died”，所以选B。 11. **答案**：C **解析**：“put up”表示“张贴；搭建”；“put off”表示“推迟”；“put on”表示“穿上；增加（体重）”；“put down”表示“放下”。根据“five pounds”可知，是体重增加了，所以选C。 12. **答案**：C **解析**：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A选项语序错误；B选项“how we think of the world”表达错误，应为“what we think of the world”；D选项“which country wins the match”时态错误，根据“in the future”应用一般将来时；C选项“whether the world will have peace”语序和时态都正确，所以选C。 13. **答案**：A **解析**：第一空“if”引导宾语从句，“this afternoon”表明用一般将来时，填“will come”；第二空“as soon as”引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，填“comes”，所以选A。 14. **答案**：C **解析**：根据“people eat zongzi in memory of Qu Yuan”可知，是端午节，“the Dragon Boat Festival”表示“端午节”，所以选C。 15. **答案**：A **解析**：“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”是感叹句结构，“clean”是形容词，所以选A。 ### 二、完形填空 1. **答案**：B **解析**：根据“greeting the New Year”可知，是和旧年说再见，“say goodbye to”表示“和……说再见”，所以选B。 2. **答案**：C **解析**：“hang up”表示“挂断电话；悬挂”；“hang back”表示“犹豫；退缩”；“hang out”表示“闲逛”。新年第一天，人们穿上新衣服出去闲逛，所以选C。 3. **答案**：C **解析**：“red pocket”表示“红包”，是固定表达，所以选C。 4. **答案**：A **解析**：“other”表示“其他的”，后接名词复数；“others”表示“其他的人或物”，后面不接名词；“another”表示“另一个”，后接可数名词单数。“other parts of the world”表示“世界其他地方”，所以选A。 5. **答案**：B **解析**：“celebrate”表示“庆祝”，“The Spring Festival”和“celebrate”是被动关系，用被动语态，“has been celebrated”表示“已经被庆祝”，所以选B。 6. **答案**：C **解析**：“dance to music”表示“随着音乐跳舞”，是固定搭配，所以选C。 7. **答案**：C **解析**：根据“in the cinema”可知，是看电影，“watch movies”表示“看电影”，所以选C。 8. **答案**：B **解析**：“join in”表示“参加”，后接活动，“join in a large evening party”表示“参加一个大型晚会”，所以选B。 9. **答案**：C **解析**：“whether...or...”表示“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，所以选C。 10. **答案**：A **解析**：根据“because having it in a restaurant takes away the meaning of the tradition”可知，通常在家里举行家庭晚宴，“at home”表示“在家”，所以选A。 ### 三、阅读理解 1. **答案**：C **解析**：根据“There is a forty - day period called Lent (大斋期) before Easter. Carnival is held during the four days before the start of Lent.”可知，狂欢节在复活节前44天开始，所以选C。 2. **答案**：C **解析**：根据“However, some people are not happy with this behavior and they feel it leaves a bad image of the holiday.”可知，一些人对这种行为不满意，觉得它给这个节日留下了不好的印象，“image”表示“印象”，所以选C。 3. **答案**：B **解析**：根据“Carnival (狂欢节) is one of the most important national holidays in Brazil.... Besides this, it's also a time when Brazilians don't have to work.”可知，巴西人在狂欢节期间不必工作，B选项正确；A选项，狂欢节是重要且有趣的节日，不是无聊的，A错误；C选项，狂欢节不是为了纪念名人，C错误。所以选B。 4. **答案**：A **解析**：根据“After Carnival, everything returns to the normal state, but this custom isn't followed by some people. They always continue their parties.”可知，一些人没有很好地遵守狂欢节的习俗，A选项正确；B选项，文中未提及作者经常举办狂欢节派对，B错误；C选项，狂欢节是传统节日，很多人喜欢，C错误。所以选A。 5. **答案**：C **解析**：文章主要介绍了巴西的狂欢节，C选项“Carnival in Brazil”符合文章主旨，A选项“不同文化”范围太广，B选项“基督徒的生活”只是文章的一部分内容，所以选C。 6. **答案**：C **解析**：根据“When I was about ten years old, we had a trip together... Then I said to my grandmother, "Every puff took two minutes, so you’ve taken nine years off your life!"”可知，故事发生在旅行中，所以选C。 7. **答案**：A **解析**：根据“I expected to be praised for my cleverness and math skill.”可知，作者做数学计算是为了炫耀自己的聪明才智，所以选A。 8. **答案**：B **解析**：根据“Jeff, some day you will understand that it’s harder to be kind than clever.”可知，爷爷给作者上了一课，所以选B。 9. **答案**：A **解析**：根据“My grandfather was a kind and quiet man.”可知，爷爷很善良，所以选A。 10. **答案**：D **解析**：文章通过作者的经历，告诉我们善良比聪明更难，D选项“To be kind is harder than to be clever.”符合文章主旨，A选项“眼见为实”，B选项“英雄所见略同”，C选项“有志者事竟成”均不符合，所以选D。 11. **答案**：D **解析**：根据“Each time I walk by this lake, I see the same old woman sitting at the water’s edge (边缘) with a small metal cage beside her.”可知，老妇人坐在水边带着一个小笼子，所以选D。 12. **答案**：C **解析**：根据“There were three turtles, slowly walking around the trap. She had a fourth turtle on her knee that she was carefully washing.”可知，作者看到了四只乌龟，所以选C。 13. **答案**：C **解析**：根据“I’m cleaning off their shells (壳)”可知，老妇人每个周日上午在湖边清洗乌龟的壳，所以选C。 14. **答案**：A **解析**：根据“Anything on a turtle’s shell, like algae or scum, reduces the turtle’s ability to absorb (吸收) heat and impedes its ability to swim.”可知，乌龟壳上的东西会降低它吸收热量的能力，也会阻碍它游泳的能力，“impedes”表示“阻碍”，所以选A。 15. **答案**：B **解析**：文章通过老妇人清洗乌龟壳的故事，告诉我们要做一些小事来改变世界，B选项“do some small things to make a difference to the world”符合文章主旨，A选项只提到清洗乌龟壳，太片面，C选项“在湖边散步保持健康”与文章主旨无关，D选项“拯救世界上的动物”范围太大，所以选B。 16. **答案**：C **解析**：根据“This means it’s not a working day in the whole of Britain.”可知，Boxing Day是公共假日，C选项“Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday.”符合，所以选C。 17. **答案**：E **解析**：根据“One of the thoughts is that... One more thought is about...”可知，这个节日的确切起源不清楚，E选项“The exact origin (起源) of the holiday is unclear.”符合，所以选E。 18. **答案**：B **解析**：根据“Those sailors who wanted a safe return would drop money into the box.”可知，盒子会被密封保存在船上直到船安全归来，B选项“It was sealed up (密封) and kept on board until the ship came home safely.”符合，所以选B。 19. **答案**：A **解析**：根据“These boxes were always opened the day after Christmas.”可知，这就是为什么那天被称为Boxing Day，A选项“That is why that day became known as Boxing Day.”符合，所以选A。 20. **答案**：D **解析**：根据“Today, many businesses, organizations and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive...”可知，这里进一步介绍现在Boxing Day的活动，D选项“Besides, spending time with family and shopping are necessary activities on Boxing Day now.”符合，所以选D。 ### 四、语法填空 1. **答案**：late **解析**：“be late for”表示“迟到”，是固定短语，所以填late。 2. **答案**：woke **解析**：“by the time”引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，“wake”的过去式是woke，所以填woke。 3. **答案**：bathroom **解析**：“bathroom”表示“浴室”，“go into the bathroom”表示“进入浴室”，所以填bathroom。 4. **答案**：rush **解析**：“had to”后接动词原形，“rush”表示“冲；匆忙”，所以填rush。 5. **答案**：breakfast **解析**：“have breakfast”表示“吃早餐”，“breakfast”是不可数名词，所以填breakfast。 6. **答案**：left **解析**：“by the time”引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，“leave”的过去分词是left，所以填left。 7. **答案**：walking/to walk **解析**：“start doing sth.”或“start to do sth.”都表示“开始做某事”，所以填walking/to walk。 8. **答案**：Luckily **解析**：“luckily”表示“幸运地”，副词作状语，修饰整个句子，所以填Luckily。 9. **答案**：ride **解析**：“give sb. a ride”表示“让某人搭便车”，所以填ride。 10. **答案**：just **解析**：“just”表示“刚好；恰好”，“I only just made it to my class.”表示“我刚好赶上上课”，所以填just。 ### 五、信息摘录 1. **答案**：experience **解析**：根据“Working as volunteers makes students enter the society and experience new things and different environments and situations.”可知，填experience。 2. **答案**：music **解析**：根据“Jill, a middle school student, has been playing the piano for old people in her community for more than three years. The music lights up their life and they always look forward to her concerts.”可知，填music。 3. **答案**：with **解析**：根据“Volunteering allows you to meet people from all walks of life. By working as volunteers, you learn from those people you are helping.”可知，是和各种各样的人建立关系，“build relationships with”表示“与……建立关系”，所以填with。 4. **答案**：helpful **解析**：根据“The qualities (品质)you’ve learned will help you in your future job.”可知，学到的品质对未来工作有帮助，“helpful”表示“有帮助的”，所以填helpful。 5. **答案**：spirits **解析**：根据“Volunteering makes people feel good. What’s more, it builds self - confidence and lifts the spirits.”可知，填spirits。 ### 六、写作题 # Ladies and gentlemen, I will introduce a traditional Chinese festival. The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. During this festival, all family members get together. During the day, the whole family makes dumplings together. They also visit relatives and friends, and put up paper - cuttings. In the evening, they watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. Children are the happiest because they can receive lucky money. Besides these, people’s activities are colorful. I hope all of you can come and join us that day. Thank you! 如果你对答案有任何疑问，或者希望我对某个知识点进行更深入的讲解，随时都能问我。要是你还想继续做类似的练习题，我也能为你提供更多相关内容。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$