Unit 2知识点讲练2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit2 一．重点句型词组解析 【用法】（1）volunteer作动词，意为“义务做，自愿做”，可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，常用 于如下结构：volunteer to do sth/volunteer for sth. 自愿做某事。(2) volunteer还可以作名词，意为“志愿 者”。 【例句】 She volunteered to teach in the school.她自愿在学校。 【经典练】 1. Many are playing an active part in making Kunming a civilized city(文明城市). A. man B. woman C. volunteer D. volunteers 【用法】（1）notice作名词，意为“通知；通告；注意”。（2）作动词，意为“注意到；意识到” 。notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事，notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事。 【例句】 I put up a notice about it on the blackboard.我把有关那件事的通告挂在黑板上。 【经典练】 2. Goldilocks (注意到) a little house, so she hurried towards it. 【用法】lonely，形容词，作表语时，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，表示一种心理状态，突出内心感到孤 独、寂寞等，是一种主观感受。也可作定语，修饰地点名词。侧重于指人迹罕至、远离人烟或很荒凉的 地方。 【例句】 I feel very lonely without my dog.我的狗不在旁边，我感到很寂寞。 Living on a lonely island can be very lonely.生活在荒凉的岛上会很孤独。 【辨析】 lonely 是形容词，含有较浓厚的感情色彩，可指人孤独，也可指地方偏僻。 alone 既是形容词又是副词，陈述客观事实，强调数量上的单一，不含感情色彩。 【经典练】 3. —I know Joe lives . —We are supposed to visit him from time to time. Then, he won’t feel . A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. lonely; alone D. alone; lonely 【用法】satisfaction作“满足；满意”讲时，是不可数名词。常用短语有：with satisfaction满意地。 satisfaction还可作“乐趣，令人高兴的事”讲，这时是可数名词。 【例句】 The winner smiles with satisfaction.获胜者满意地笑了。 【拓展】satisfy v.使满意；满足 satisfied adj.(人)感到满意的 (be satisfied with对……感到满意) satisfying adj.(某事物)令人满意的 satisfactory adj.令人满意的 【经典练】 4. —She got full marks in the math exam.—Her parents were her. A. satisfied with B. tired of C. worried about 【用法】cheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来，动副短语。cheer sb. up=make sb. happy使某人高兴。 【例句】 She went shopping to cheer herself up.她去购物好让自己开心起来。 【拓展】(1) cheer v.鼓舞；加油；快活起来；欢呼 The people cheered the runners when they started running. (2) cheer也可作名词。作可数名词，意为“欢呼声；喝彩声”；作不可数名词，意为“欢乐；高兴；兴奋”。 Three cheers for the winning team!让我们为获胜队欢呼三声！ 【经典练】 5. —My best friend went abroad. I miss her and feel down today.—Don’t be sad. Here is good news for you .A. cheer up B. cheering up C. cheered up D. to cheer up 【用法】used to 曾经……，过去 …… 。used to后跟动词不定式，构成used to do sth.结构，意为“过去常常 做某事”，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不发生或不存在。只用于过去时态。 【例句】 My mother used to tell us stories when we were young. 【拓展】used to 的各种句式 肯定句：主语+used to do 否定句：主语+used not to do/usedn't to do/didn't use to do 疑问句：Did+主语+use to do…?/Used+主语+to do…? 【辨析】 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 【经典练】 6. During the Spring Festival, the young a kowtow（磕头） to the elders, but now they only give them best wishes. A. used to give B. were used to give C. were used to giving 【用法】put off推迟，后跟动词的-ing形式，意为“推迟做 【例句】 They put off the game because of rain.他们因雨推迟了比赛。 【拓展】 含put的动词短语 put away放好；整理好 put up举起；张贴；挂起 put on穿上；戴上；上演 put out熄灭 【经典练】 7. We’d better our sports meeting because it’s going to rain. A. put on B. put up C. put off 【用法】“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构作动词或介词宾语。 【例句】 She was worried about how to pass the exam.她在发愁如何通过考试。 【拓展】“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构与“wh-从句” 的转换。转换时只需在特殊疑问词后加主语(与主句主语 一致)，并将不定式改成“should+动词原形”作谓语。 I don't know how to solve the problem.=I don't know how I should solve the problem 【经典练】 8. I don’t know what (bring) to the party. 9. He wanted to know when (go). 【用法】repair动词，意为“修理；修补” 。fix up修理；装饰。fix on选定，确定。 【例句】 I repaired the kite with beautiful flowers.我修好了那个带着漂亮的花的风筝。 【辨析】repair 、mend与fix三者都有“修理；修补”之意，有时可以通用，但也有区别。 repair 对象范围很广，从房屋、道路到日常生活必需品，使受到一定损失或失灵的东西恢复其形 状或功能。 mend 意思是恢复某物体原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补) 。一般指较小之物，像鞋子、窗子等。 fix 用于需要重新“调”物体的结构，把松散的部件固定结实，将分离的物体各部分装配起来。 Who has repaired the broken leg of the table? 【经典练】 10. Mr. Brown had his house last month and it cost him 500 dollars. A. mended B. fixed C. repaired 【用法】imagine v.想象；设想。既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语 从句。imagine doing…想象去做…… ；imagine sb. doing…想象某人做…… ；imagine + that从句/wh-从句 想象……；料想 …… ( ◆不可用于进行时）。 【例句】 Imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. 【经典练】 11 · The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you a life without it? A. understand B. imagine C. consider D. expect 【用法】difficulty，名词，意为“ 困难；难题”。表示抽象意义的“ 困难”时，是不可数名词；表示具体意 义的“ 困难”(如难题、难事、难点等)讲时，是可数名词。 【例句】 He faced the difficulty with courage.他勇敢地面对困难。 【拓展】have difficulty(in) doing sth.=have difficulty with sth.做某事有困难(difficulty也可以变复数) 【经典练】 12. Although we have learned English for 3 years, we still have difficulty the new words. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learns 【用法】carry动词，意为“拿；提；扛”。常见短语：carry on继续下去；carry out开展，执行；carry through完成，渡过难关；carry over（在不同情况下）继续存在 【例句】 He was carrying a box on his shoulder.他正扛着个盒子。 【辨析】carry 、bring 、take 、fetch与get carry 指“随身携带(不说明固定方向)”，有时含有“负担”的意思。 bring 指“从别处把东西或人带来、拿来”。 take 指“把东西带走或拿走”。 fetch 指“到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来”。 get 是常用词，多用于口语，与fetch同义。 He brought a new book with him.他带来一本新书。 Please take the letter to the post office.请把这封信送到邮局去。 I asked her to fetch me an evening paper.我求她去给我拿一张晚报来。 【经典练】 用bring 、take 、fetch或carry的适当形式填空。 13. —I left my keys in the meeting room. Please them for me.—All right. 14. The east wind a lot of rain to my hometown every year. 15. We our shoes in our hands when we crossed the river. 16. He the book with him when he left. 【用法】(1) interest作“兴趣”讲时，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。①interest作不可数名词，常用 短语有：show/have/take(an) interest in(doing) sth.对……有兴趣；find/feel interest in sth./in doing sth.在某方 面培养/有兴趣；lose interest in sth./in doing sth.在某方面失去兴趣。②interest意为“业余爱好”或“感兴趣 的事”时，常作可数名词。(2) interest作动词时是及物动词，interest sb.意为“使某人感兴趣；引起某人注 意”。 【例句】 She showed great interest in the meeting.她对这次会议表现出极大的兴趣。 He has two interests. One is sports and the other is music.他有两个爱好：一个是体育，另一个是音乐。 Geography doesn't interest him.地理引不起他的兴趣。 【经典练】 音乐和跳舞是他的兴趣。Music and dancing are his . 18. 英文使他很感兴趣。English him a lot. 【用法】take after（外貌或行为）像，指由于血缘关系而在外貌、行为等方面相似，其中after是介词， 其后常接名词或代词。（look like意为“看上去像”，多指外貌方面；be like意为“像”，可指外貌，也可指 性格方面。）不能用于进行时。 【例句】 Your daughter doesn’t take after you at all.【经典练】 19 · 一Jane her mother.一Yes, they just look the same, like sisters. A. looks after B. runs after C. takes after D. makes after 【用法】You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。 “make/think/find it+adj.+(for sb.) to do”意为“使得/认为/发现做某事是…… 的”，句中it是形式宾语，形容词 是宾补，不定式是真正的宾语。 【例句】 Supermarkets make it convenient for us to go shopping. 【经典练】 20. The Chinese government has made possible for people to live happy lives . A. that B. this C. it 动词不定式【用法】 1.不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有 以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。 例：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。 (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。 例：It's our duty to take good care of the old.照顾老人是我们的责任。 2.不定式作宾语。常用不定式短语作宾语的动词有：want(想要) 、love(喜欢) 、begin(开始) 、need(需要)、 learn(学会) 、agree(同意) 、decide(决定) 、hope(希望) 、start(开始) 、refuse(拒绝)等。 例：I'm learning to skate on real ice.我正在学习在真正的冰上滑冰。 例：He needs to see a doctor.他需要去看医生。 3.不定式作宾语补足语。tell(叫;让) 、ask(请求) 、want(希望) 、invite(邀请)等动词后常跟不定式作宾语补 足语。 tell/ask sb. to do sth.告诉/请某人做某事, want sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事, invite sb.to do sth.邀请 某人做某事。 例：My mother asked me to help you.我妈妈让我来帮助你。 例：She wanted us not to ask her for money.她想让我们不要向她要钱。 【注意】使役动词let(让) 、make(使) 、have(使)等和感官动词see(看见) 、hear(听见) 、feel(感到) 、watch(观 看) 、notice(注意到)等跟不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。 例：What makes you think I'm a student?是什么让你认为我是学生呢? 例：We often heard her sing in the next room.我们时常听到她在隔壁唱歌。 4.动词不定式常用作目的状语或原因状语。 例：He came to give us a talk yesterday.他昨天来给我们做了个报告。 5. 不定式作表语。例：It seems to be an interesting book.它看起来是本有趣的书。 6.不定式作定语。 【经典练】 21. I go to my grandparents’ home with their housework every Sunday. A. help B. helped C. to help D. helping 22. Fred hopes his spoken English ，so he practices it every day . A. improve B. improves C. improving D. to improve 一．用所给单词适当形式填空 1．He shows great （kind）to his students, so he is very popular. 2 ．Are there any bad （feel）between the two families? 3 ．They put off （have）the sports meeting because of the rain. 4．Mike used to (play) soccer. But now, he likes playing volleyball. 5．His car was （break）and he has to take the bus to work these days. 6．Do you have any （difficult）learning English well? 7 ．I feel very lucky to have a very (understand) teacher. 8．—Who is the (own) of the factory? —Sorry, I don’t know. 9．Many of us are （interest）in soccer and we have a team of our class. 10．Cars and trains run on (wheel). 11 ．My grandpa’s appearance makes me feel （excite）and happy. 12 ．Peter went there and （carry）water for the old man. 13．He (understand) what I said and went out. 14 ．He (raise) some money and bought a nice bike last month. 15 ．After the accident, the poor young man had no (feel) in his legs. 16 ．We should pay attention to the (sign) while driving on the road. 17 ．When Helen won the game, she seemed to get a strong sense of (satisfy). 18 ．We need lots of (train) to make ourselves healthy. 19 ．Father had his car (repair) in the 4S shop last week. 20 ．Many students like to imagine (live) in the space station. 二．完形填空。 Thank you for all your hard work last weekend raising money for Sunny House Old People’s Home. We all 1 a great time and it was nice to see a lot of new volunteers! Here is what we 2 last weekend. On Saturday, some volunteers went to Sunny House Old People’s Home. Fiona and Tom 3 some of the old people. David, John and Alice made tea for 4 . Sam played the piano and Sally washed the ladies’ hair. In the evening, we put on a charity 5 for the old people. It made them very 6 . Grace played the violin and Nick sang songs. Some of the old people sang alongwith them. On Sunday, we held a fair on the school playground. In the morning, we 7 food, drinks, and some other things for the fair. Nancy and Ann helped one another to buy fruit for their stalls. Leo and Pip helped one another to 8 old books, magazines and comics for their stalls. Amy and Tom helped each other decorate (装饰) their stalls. In the afternoon, Nancy sold fruit salad and Ann sold fruit juice. Leo and Pip sold old books, magazines and comics. Jo handed out flags. He gave the flags to people 9 put their donations into his basket. Many students and their families came to the fair and 10 money. We have raised a lot of money for Sunny House Old People’s Home. Thank you! ( ) 1 ．A ．found B ．had C ．spent D ．took ( ) 2 ．A ．did B ．ate C ．saw D ．had ( ) 3 ．A ．fixed up B ．made fun of C ．played chess with D ．took after ( ) 4 ．A ．nobody B ．oneself C ．someone D ．everyone ( ) 5 ．A ．class B ．show C ．website D ．advertisement ( ) 6 ．A ．happy B ．similar C ．scared D ．sleepy ( ) 7 ．A ．borrowed B ．repaired C ．organized D ．imagined ( ) 8 ．A ．write B ．fill C ．buy D ．collect ( ) 9 ．A ．what B ．where C ．who D ．when ( ) 10 ．A ．donated B ．coached C ．set D ．reported 三．选词填空。阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每词限用一 次，其中有两个词是多余的。 week, he, what, idea, why, refuse, dog, daughter, start, do, hope, read Jennifer and her sister Katie learned in Sunday School how they should care about others. This gave them a great idea! “Let’s 1 a new club at school. We can call it THE CARE CLUB!” said Katie. “CARE means Caring and Respecting (尊重) Everybody.” Jennifer agreed it was a wonderful 2 . Every night they planned 3 they would do the next day to show love to others. One day they helped a boy with 4 homework after school. Another day they stayed after school to help a little girl learn to 5 . On the weekend they walked a neighbor’s 6 and even gave the dog a good shower. Katie and Jennifer’s parents understand their 7 very well. They also love helping others and they are having so much fun 8 it. Later, the other kids at school 9 to join the club. So Katie and Jennifer opened the club up to new members (成员). Every new member had to promise to show love to others. They had 10 meetings and planned who they would help and how they would do it. Everyone pitched in (出) some money each week so they could buy flowers or cards for sick people to cheer them up. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$