2025届高考英语一轮复习 It作形式宾语 课件

三轮英语 It as an empty object -it作形式宾语 I am standing on Macquarie Island, in the South-west Pacific Ocean(太平洋), halfway(半途) between Australia and Antarctica(南极洲). Strong winds and stormy seas(惊涛骇浪) have helped sculpt(形成) its long, thin shape(形状). The green grass and bare(裸露的) rock of its landscape(地貌) contrast(对比) dramatically(显著地), giving it a wild and natural beauty. No visitor would think it surprising(令人惊讶的) that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site(世界遗产). Nor would they fail to imagine(想象不出) how its native(本地的) inhabitants(栖居动物), including royal penguins帝企鹅, king penguins王企鹅, and elephant seals(象海狮), existed(存在) in perfect harmony with(与…完美一致) their natural habitat(栖息地) for thousands of years. Nor 否定词居于句首,句子部分倒装,助动词would置于主语前 句中否定副词Nor位于句首,句子用部分倒装。部分倒装指的是把be动词/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面,即助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+谓语的其他部分。 具有否定意义的副词或短语never, not, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, neither, scarcely, at no time, by no means, in no way 等置于句首时, 句子用部分倒装语序。 [即学即练]—— 完成句子/句式升级 ①我的英语说得不准确,也说得不流利。我很少有勇气用英语和别人交流。所以你能帮我提高我糟糕的英语水平吗? Neither _ correctly nor _ English. Rarely _ in English. So could you please help me improve my poor English? (应用文佳句之求助信) ②I wasn’t aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened until I experienced the accident. _ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句) (续写佳句之主旨升华) But the island's more recent history tells a different story. It' a tragic(悲惨的) story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In their ships they unknowingly(不知不觉地) brought rats and mice. These small animals quickly took over (接管) the island, eating the birds' eggs and attacking(袭击) baby birds. Cats were brought to the island to control(控制) the rats and mice. Unfortunately(不幸地), the cats subsequently(随后) developed an appetite(胃口) for the birds, too. 1. appetite n.胃口,食欲;强烈欲望 (1)have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口 develop an appetite for... 对……产生食欲 loss/lack of appetite 食欲缺乏 (2)have an appetite for 渴望…… have no appetite for 不喜欢…… [即学即练]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 ①Lots of students now have _ strong appetite for knowledge in order to get ready for their future. ②When people are depressed, some experience_ (食欲缺乏) while others can’t stop eating. ③杰克胃口大开,很快就吃完了桌上的食物。 Jack _ and finished up food on the table in a short time.(续写佳句之动作描写) Meanwhile(与此同时), rabbits(兔子) were introduced to(被引进) the island as a source(来源) of food for humans. Loose(不受束缚的) on the island, they did what rabbits do best — they multiplied(繁殖) rapidly and began eating the native vegetation(植被) and digging holes(挖洞), which caused(造成) soil erosion(土壤侵蚀). The exploding(爆增) rabbit population(数量) provided plentiful(大量的) food for the cats, meaning that the number of(…的数量) cats also increased(增长). This in turn(反过来) led to(导致) more cats hunting(猎食) the birds. The end result(结果) was that parakeets(长尾鹦鹉), once large in number(在数量上) and native to(原产于) the island, died out(灭绝) in 1891. Even after Macquarie Island became an official(官方的) nature reserve(自然保护区) in the 1970s, the rabbits remained(仍然) out of control(失去控制). Experts(专家) felt it necessary to come up with(想出) a plan to remove(除掉) all the rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind(把…放在心上), a virus was released(投放) onto the island. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease(减少) from 130,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats. The cats in consequence(因此) turned their attention — and their stomachs — back to(把…转回到) the native birds, killing up to(多达) 60,000 each year. In the 1980s, traps(夹子) and dogs were used to catch(被用来抓捕) the cats. The last Macquarie Island cat was caught(捕获) in 2000. 2.decrease v.(使)减少;(使)变小 (1)decrease/increase by...减少了/增加了…… decrease/increase (from...) to...(从……)减少到/增加到…… (2)on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加 [即学即练]—— 单句语法填空/词汇升级 ①_ (decrease)the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. ② The population of this town has increased _ zero point three percent in the last three years. ③Thanks to the government’s intervention,the number of the patients has decreased _ three hundred since last month. ④It is reported that as a result of the appearance of smartphones, the number of people who read magazines is dropping nowadays. It is reported that as a result of the appearance of smartphones, the number of people who read magazines is _ nowadays. 3.trap n.夹子,陷阱;困境 vt.使陷入困境 (1)be trapped in困在……中;陷在……中 trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事 (2)fall into a trap 落入圈套 set/lay/place a trap for设陷阱捕捉…… [即学即练]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级 ①The bomb exploded suddenly,_ (trap) victims in the building. ②Because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases _ (trap) in the atmosphere. ③People used to set traps _ lions to get their fur,which caused their population to decrease sharply. ④After they _ (被困在) the mine for two days, the miners were finally rescued. _, the miners were finally rescued.(分词短语作状语) But as the saying goes, "While the cat's away, the mice will play." With the departure(离开) of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase. And remember those 10,000 or so(大约,左右) rabbits? It turned out that(结果) they developed an immunity(免疫) to the virus, and their numbers exploded(暴增) once again(再一次). Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse(坍塌), and killed a substantial(大量的) number of penguins. This incident(事件) made it clear(清楚的) that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving(需要解决) once and for all(一次彻底地). 4.turn out 结果是;证明是;原来是 turn to 求助于;致力于;翻到(书的某页);查阅;转向 turn down 关小;拒绝 turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等) turn up (意外地或终于)出现;调大(音量、热量等);朝上翻 [即学即练]—— 用turn短语完成下列句子 ①(译林选必4U1)About twenty minutes later, a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar _ to his ears, hurried toward him. ②Tom _ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. ③(译林必修1U2)Everything will _ all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood. ④With no one to _ in such a dangerous situation, she felt very helpless. So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in(参与) the programme(行动) to tackle(解决) this very problem. The first step involved(包含) poison(毒药) being dropped(投) from helicopters(直升机). The next step is to remove the last remaining invading(入侵) species, and that's where I come in — with my dogs. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming(伤害) the native animals. This intervention(干预) is a long, much-delayed(屡被延误) ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending(应该为……做某事). 5.owe v.应该做;对……负有……的义务 (1)owe sb. sth.(for sth.)=owe sth. to sb.(for sth.)欠某人某物;把……归功于某人 owe sb.an apology该向某人道歉 owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情 (2)owe...to...把……归功于…… owe it to sb. that...多亏某人…… owe it to...to do做……是……的义务;为……做……是理所当然的事 (3)owing to因为;由于 [即学即练]—— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① Jack said he owed all the achievements _ the encouragement and help from his friends. ②I owe _ to my teacher that I have made great progress in writing since last term. ③ _ (owe) to the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. ④周五下午我未能和你一起去书店,我得向你道歉。 I _ for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. (应用文佳句之道歉信) Postscript(附言): In 2014, Macquarie Island was declared(宣布) pest-free(无有害生物) and the island's ecology(生态) is finally on the road to recovery(走上恢复之路). Look at the sentences and answer the questions. a No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. b Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. Observe the rules 1 What does “it” refer to in sentences (a) and (b)? 2 What’s the sentence element of “it”? It’s an empty object. Translate 他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。 He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well. 我认为我们开这个会是有必要的。 I think it necessary that we have the meeting. Grammar: It as an empty object 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,避免句式结构的混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾。 此时it仍只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。 it 作为形式宾语的几种情况 1. 动词 + it + 宾语补足语 + 不定式/动名词/从句,常见于make, think, leave, find, believe 等动词。 宾语补足语:形容词、名词、过去分词等 Translate 我发现做好这件事不容易。 I find it difficult to do the job well. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。 We think it no use complaining. 2. 动词 + it + when/if 从句,常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, prefer, love, dislike等动词之后。 Translate 如果您能帮助我们,我们会很感激。 We really appreciate it if you could do us a favour. 我不喜欢有人嘴里含着食物说话。 I hate it when people speak with their mouth full. it 作为形式宾语的几种情况 3. 动词 + it + 介词 + that从句,常见于 owe it to sb. that… (把……归功于), take it for granted that… (认为……理所当然),put it to sb. that… (向某人挑明) 等结构中。 Translate 多亏有你,我们现在才仍然活着。 We owe it to you that we are still alive. 我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。 I just took it for granted that he’d always be around. it 作为形式宾语的几种情况 e.g. *He made it known to everyone that he was right. *They haven’t made it known where they are to hold the conference. 动词+ it +过去分词+从句。 Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty object.(page 70) The red-eared slider, a species of freshwater turtle, is native to the Southern United States and Northern Mexico. Due to its cute appearance, many people think keeping this turtle as a pet is a good idea. many people think it a good idea to keep this turtle as a pet. 2 Recent years have seen more and more pet sliders escaping or being released from homes, and some owners believe to release them into the wild is no big issue. believe it no big issue to release them into the wild . These days, people have found to release these turtles into the wild is a threat to other species. people have found it a threat to other species to release these turtles into the wild . Experts consider owners keeping their pets in an enclosed area important, and anyone unable to keep their pets should take them to an appropriate animal shelter. Experts consider it important for owners to keep their pets in an enclosed area 用it完成下列句子,说明它指代什么成分并翻译成汉语(黑体部分为本单元词汇) 1. Subsequently, the island made onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. 2.Our car has broken down halfway. What's the matter with ? 3.I don't think normal for house prices to decrease dramatically. 4.We advocate biological diversity, which makes possible to protect ecology and animal habitats. 5.The inhabitants here owe to the wild habitats to do more environmental conservation. B(提高练-对接高考) 1.[2022 新高考全国】卷]Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making easier to produce such sounds. 2.[2022 新高考全国I卷]That was why none of the children thought unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. 3.[2022 全国甲卷]Mexicans consider inappropriate to eat with utensils, instead preferring to use their hands. 4.[2022 新高考全国II卷]It also makes easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. 5.[2021 全国乙卷]Generation Xers with young families,like my wife and I, can still find convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. 1微写作 1.I find (学好英语是重要的). 2.I think (现在最好向他询问此问题). 3.I'd appreciate (如果你能尽快联系我). 4.I only rely on (他能告诉我事实真相). 5.I (还想当然地以为)he'd always be around. it important to study English well it best to ask him about the question now it if you could contact me as soon as possible. it that he can tell me the fact take it for granted that $$