04 Unit 3 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇)--2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第二册)

Unit 3 Fit for life (译林版2020选择必修第二册) 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇) Ⅰ阅读理解 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·江苏无锡·期中）China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture. In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adopts a vastly different approach. For thousands of years, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies. The core behind TCM is that the human body’s life is the consequence of the balance between Yin and Yang. Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and Yin is the inner base to store and provide energy. When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed; people fall ill. One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法) means insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body — usually at acupoints (穴位) — to restore the Yin-Yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion (艾灸疗法), which involves burning mugwort on or near the skin at an acupoint. The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the fundamental and most representative medical text in China. Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles. And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition. The WHO issued a document in2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies. In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO. Presently, TCM: has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of Category B infectious disease. 1．What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．TCM. B．Yin-Yang balance. C．Acupuncture. D．Moxibustion. 2．What can we learn about The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon from the text? A．It distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion. B．It’s a foundation of world medical research. C．It stresses the importance of using acupoints. D．It greatly boosts the development of TCM. 3．What’s the purpose of this text? A．To review the development of TCM. B．To introduce TCM to the world. C．To tell TCM and Western medicine apart. D．To argue for TCM in fighting disease. 4．What might be talked about in the paragraph following the text? A．How TCM helps in the current situation. B．Why TCM is gaining popularity. C．Why TCM gets recognition from WHO. D．How other countries adopt TCM. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·湖南衡阳·期末）It’s common knowledge that our brains — and, specifically, our brain cells — store memories. But a team of scientists has discovered that cells from other parts of the body also perform a memory function, opening new pathways for understanding how memory works and creating the potential to enhance learning and to treat memory-related diseases. The research sought to better understand if non- brain cells help with memory by borrowing from a long-established neurological property — the massed-spaced effect — which shows that we tend to memorize information better when studying in spaced intervals (间隔) rather than in a single, intensive period — better known as cramming (临时死记硬背) for a test. In the research, the scientists repeated learning over time by studying two types of non-brain human cells in a laboratory （one from nerve tissue and the other from kidney tissue）and exposing them to different patterns of chemical signals. In response, the non-brain cells turned on a “memory gene (基因)”. To track the memory and learning process, the scientists engineered these non-brain cells to make a protein, which indicated when the memory gene was on and when it was off. The results showed that these cells could determine when the chemical pulses (脉冲) were repeated rather than simply extended — just as nerve cells in our brain can record when we learn with breaks rather than cramming all the material in one sitting. Specifically, when the pulses were delivered in spaced-out intervals, they turned on the “memory gene” more strongly, and for a longer time, than when the same treatment was delivered all at once. “This reflects the massed-spaced effect in action,” says Kukushkin, a clinical associate professor of life science at NYU Liberal Studies. “It shows that the ability to learn from spaced repetition isn’t unique to brain cells, but, in fact, might be a basic property of all cells.” The researchers add that the findings not only offer new ways to study memory, but also point to potential health-related advantages. 5．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．Brain cells process most of the memories. B．Memory-related diseases can be easily treated now. C．Scientists have fully understood how memory works. D．Non-brain cells may have something to do with memory. 6．How did the scientists track memory in non-brain cells? A．By using a specific protein. B．By measuring the size of the cells. C．By comparing chemical reactions. D．By recording the learning effects. 7．What does Kukushkin imply about spaced repetition learning? A．It’s unconnected to non-brain cells. B．It’s strengthened by chemical pulses. C．It’s probably an essential characteristic of all cells. D．It’s usually better than cramming all the material at once. 8．In which field may the findings apply to? A．Genetic techniques. B．Medical treatment. C．Psychological research. D．Behaviour disorders. Passage 3 According to recent figures, there are 2.2 million people in the UK with chronic (慢性的) wounds, costing £5.3 bn a year. Now researchers say they have come up with a device that could help such wounds heal (愈合): a wireless, bio-electronic system that can stick to the skin. The smart bandage device can monitor features of the wound such as its temperature, pH, and levels of substances including glucose, uric acid and lactate, providing important insights into whether the wound is infected and its levels of inflammation (炎症) . It allows for electrical stimulation to be applied — a technique previously found to encourage wounds to heal, and also enables the controlled release of anti-inflammatory drugs. “All the signals can be wirelessly sent to a user’s computer or cellphone,” said Dr Wei Gao, a co-author of the research from the California Institute of Technology. “We can wirelessly control the drug release by applying electrical potential.” Writing in the journal Science Advances, the team describe how they tested the smart bandages on wounds of diabetic mice and rats before and after infection, finding the devices were able to detect features including the temperature and pH of the wound. These measurements changed as expected before and after the mice were given treatment. What is more, mice with smart bandages who experienced both drug release and electrical stimulation showed higher rates of wound closure and fewer scars than mice whose wounds were not covered by the bandages. Dr Jenna Cash, principal investigator of the skin wound research group at the University of Edinburgh, who was not involved in the research, said the question was whether the measurements made by the new devices would be relevant to true chronic wounds in humans. “It is an exciting advance, but will need a lot of development going forwards to ensure it works as intended in people.” 9．What can the smart bandage device do according to the text? A．Choose the proper medicine. B．Connect with the smartphone. C．Change the skin temperature. D．Identify a variety of diseases. 10．How did the team test the smart bandages according to paragraph 4? A．By employing patients to try out it. B．By doing experiments on animals. C．By analyzing previous test data. D．By comparing it to other devices. 11．What’s Dr Jenna Cash’s attitude towards the smart bandages? A．Uninterested. B．Satisfied. C．Hopeful. D．Critical. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Views on the new device: “smart bandage” B．A risk to your health: chronic wounds C．Effective ways to cure chronic wounds D．A new device helping chronic wounds heal Passage 4 （24-25高二上·湖南邵阳·期中）Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old woman, was the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery of the life-saving drug artemisinin (known as qinghaosu) with the help of her team in the 1970s. When standing on the stage, she expressed her sincere gratitude to the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.” As a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, she benefited a lot from the experts in the same field by learning Chinese medicine for two and a half years, which helped her master a deep knowledge about traditional practices. Attaching great importance to saving people’s lives from Malaria — a disease that killed millions of people every year, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure and had an idea that Chinese herbs might be the key after seeing so many unsuccessful experiments conducted by others. She immersed herself in learning ancient Chinese medical literature, visiting experts in traditional Chinese medicine and researching hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures, getting nothing. Then the thought of using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs came to her mind. After hundreds of failed experiments due to limited resources and the lack of staff, even the air quality in the laboratory they worked was terrible, they eventually came across a promising chemical. Tu Youyou even bravely volunteered to be the first human subject to see if it was safe for humans. The test turned out to be a success. “From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated,”she said. 13．Which of the following statements is correct? A．Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin on her own. B．Tu Youyou spent two years learning Chinese medicine. C．Tu Youyou was the first scientists to be awarded Nobel Prize. D．Tu Youyou gained lots of knowledge from the experts in her field. 14．What is Not included in the reasons why Tu Youyou succeeded in her field? A．Her eagerness for saving people’s lives from Malaria. B．Her desire to be recognized by the whole world. C．The joint effort of the team members. D．Her modest attitude towards learning from others. 15．How did Tu Youyou prove that Chinese herb would be the cure? A．Studying latest Chinese literature. B．Tasting hundreds of Chinese herbs. C．Visiting experts in modern-Chinese medicine. D．Researching a great deal of traditional recipes 16．Which of the following difficulties did Tu Youyou and her team not encounter? A．They were short of staff. B．Their research methods were out-dated. C．The air quality in their laboratory was bad. D．Their resources was limited. Passage 5 （24-25高二上·河南·阶段练习）“Nurse refuses to perform CPR and lets an elderly woman die at a nursing house in California!” read the headline of an ABC news report several days ago. Later, it turned out that the elderly woman had wished to die naturally. Then why did the woman refuse CPR? It is necessary for us to know what CPR can, and can’t, do. The discovery that CPR could save life was first reported in 1878, from experiments on cats. It wasn’t until 1959 that researchers at Johns Hopkins applied the method to humans. The excitement at its simplicity was clear: “Anyone, anywhere, can now do CPR,” the researchers wrote. “All that is needed is two hands.” In the 1970s, CPR classes were developed for flight attendants, coaches, and babysitters are now often required to study CPR. But most people learn what they know about CPR from television. In 2015, researchers found that survival after CPR on TV was 70%. In real life, people similarly believe that survival after CPR is over 75%. This may explain the attitude that everyone should know CPR, and that everyone who experiences heart attack should receive it. However, it cannot be further from truth. In 2010, a review of 79 studies, involving almost 150, 000 patients, found that the average rate of survival from out-of-hospital heart attack had barely changed in thirty years. It was 7.6%. On-site CPR may increase those chances to 10%. Survival after CPR for in-hospital heart attack is slightly better, but still only about 17%. The numbers get even worse with age. A study in Sweden found that survival after out-of-hospital CPR dropped from 6.7% for patients in their 70s to just 2.4% for those over 90. The harm, as it turns out, can be very serious. Broken bones are the most common problem, but the procedure can also cause lung and liver damage. The biggest problem is brain injury. When the heart stops, the brain begins to die within minutes. So about 30% of survivors will have significant mental disability. The side effects of CPR may be why as many as half of patients who survive wish they hadn’t received it. 17．About one hundred years after the discovery of CPR, __________. A．it started to be applied to humans B．it was popularized in some professions C．it became a necessary qualification for babysitters D．it was perfected by researchers at Johns Hopkins 18．Which aspect of CPR does the fourth paragraph focus on? A．The failed cases. B．Its real effects. C．Its important functions. D．The misunderstanding. 19．What did the 2010 study find about CPR? A．The public was unwilling to accept it. B．It had much better effects on the elderly. C．The average rate of survival remained low. D．It had to be carried out on time by professionals. 20．What is the most serious harm suffered by CPR survivors? A．Hurt backs. B．Broken bones. C．Injured lung. D．Damaged brain. Passage 6 Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible. Rishi Rawat teaches AI at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Clinical Science Center in Los Angeles. He is part of a team of scientists who are researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “This data helps the machine learn. You can put the data into machines and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that is important to making decisions.” David Agus is another USC researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. He says, “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.” Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue, put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say AI can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus adds, “All of a sudden, we have the computing power to really do it in real time. We didn’t have the computing power to do this several years ago, but now it’s all changed.” The USC’s researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict AI will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer. 21．What is the key to the learning of AI according to the text? A．The input of data. B．The patterns of machines. C．Computers’ recognition ability. D．Scientists’ continuous research. 22．What is the advantage of AI in identifying cancer compared to traditional practices? A．It will cost less money. B．It will become more effective. C．It will relieve patients’ suffering. D．It will correct personal mistakes. 23．What does Agus think of the technology? A．It’s satisfactory. B．It’s worrying. C．It’s complex. D．It’s conventional. 24．Which word can best describe the technology? A．User-friendly. B．Integrated. C．Promising. D．Challenging. Passage 7 Five Solid Reasons Why Regular Dental Visits Matter 1. Because prevention is better than cure. Regular dental check-ups are recommended to maintain healthy teeth and gums. The interval varies from three months to two years depending on your oral health. Your dentist will advise you on what’s right for you. The aim of a check-up is to nip any problems in the bud, before you experience pain, lose teeth or have other health problems. Gum disease has been associated with heart disease, for example. 2. You’ve got bad breath. Bad breath is embarrassing and can sometimes leave a nasty taste in your mouth. You might have a hole in your tooth, an infection or gum disease. Your dentist can give you tips on cleaning your teeth more effectively and treat more serious disease. Your family and friends will thank you for it. 3. Your gums keep bleeding. Persistent bleeding when you floss or brush isn’t normal. You might just be brushing too enthusiastically —— yes, it’s possible to overdo it, but it could be gum disease. Your dentist will let you know which it is and help you resolve it. 4. To check for cancer. Dentists don’t just look for holes and unhealthy gums; they can also spot mouth cancer and refer patients to hospital to see a specialist. Cases have risen by 34 percent in the past decade, according to the Oral Health Foundation, but early discovery can save your life. 5. You want to improve your confidence. More and more adults are having treatment to straighten their teeth. Not only does it make a huge difference to your smile, but it can also prevent gum disease, which is more likely to take hold if you struggle to clean crooked teeth. 25．What’s the purpose of regular dental check-ups? A．To relieve your toothache. B．To treat your heart disease. C．To help to clean your teeth more effectively. D．To prevent teeth and gum diseases. 26．What can’t dentists do? A．Help to treat your mouth cancer. B．Find out why your gums keep bleeding. C．Instruct you to clean your teeth properly. D．Straighten your teeth. 27．Where will you probably read this passage? A．Health column in a magazine. B．An advertisement for toothbrushes. C．A dentist’s diary. D．A medical research paper. Passage 8 （24-25高二上·浙江绍兴·期中）Hiao Khanh, 29, is a member of the Community Malaria (疟疾). Action Team in Chư Rcăm commune, Krông pa district, Gia Lai province, which is known for having the highest number of malaria cases in Vietnam. In 2020, more than 200 cases were reported across the district. Hiao Khanh has been working in malaria prevention and control since 2019, after he recovered from malaria. “It was a near-death experience,” said Hiao Khanh. “I had a high fever before getting medical support. After that, I was determined to help reduce sickness and deaths from malaria in my community.” People in this community depend heavily on the forest to earn a living. They go into the forest to work, and sleep there, putting them at high risk of contracting (感染) malaria. When it rains, the community’s various forest settlements are nearly cut off as the dirt roads are flooded. Hiao Khanh and his team need to use motorbikes to reach different parts of the community to help protect people from malaria. The team’s main activities are to raise awareness about malaria prevention, provide protective items, and find out people who might have malaria and then transport them to healthcare facilities for testing. With the right treatment, patients can now be cured in a shorter period of time. However, ensuring individuals stay on track with their treatment remains a challenge. Forest workers, for example, often prefer to return to work as soon as their fever breaks. Part of Hiao Khanh’s work is to find and persuade patients to come back for treatment. Communication is an important aspect of his team’s work. They actively listen to people’s concerns, respond to their questions, and stress the importance of completing the full treatment course. “Just a ‘thank you’ from the people is enough to give me strength to continue this job to reduce malaria in my homeland,” said Hiao Khanh. 28．What led Hiao Khanh to take an active role in malaria prevention and control? A．His suffering from malaria. B．A report about malaria cases in Vietnam. C．His visit to a nearby forest. D．The deaths from malaria in his community. 29．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．It often rains in Hiao Khanh’s hometown. B．The community is accessible only by motorbikes. C．Natural disasters frequently hit Hiao Khanh’s hometown. D．Forests add to the difficulty of malaria control. 30．Which of the following is part of the mission of the Community Malaria Action Team? A．Treating patients with malaria. B．Educating people about malaria prevention. C．Transporting villagers to safer places. D．Improving hospitals and healthcare facilities. 31．Which of the following can best describe Hiao Khanh concerning his fight against malaria? A．committed and determined B．innovative and productive C．courageous and ambitious D．outgoing and adaptable Passage 9 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期中）Many factors can influence whether a patient lives or dies. However, in data from different countries, patients seen by female doctors seem to do better than those seen by male ones. In 2017, Yusuke Tsugawa of Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues in Boston analyzed the medical records of around 1.5 million older adults who had been in hospital in America between 2011 and 2014. They found that patients whose treatment had been performed by a female doctor were about 4% less likely to die than those whose treatment doctor was a man. One disadvantage with the study is that it is retrospective, looking back at naturally occurring data rather than random experiments. This could cover any factors which might be really driving the effect, says Gavin Stewart, an expert at Newcastle University. It could be that female doctors tend to be responsible for healthier patients than their male colleagues. In an experiment where patients were randomly distributed among doctors, female doctors seem to do better. Researchers say the next step is to work out why. “I don’ t think it’s the presence or absence of a Y chromosome (染色体),” says Dr Christopher Wallis, “I think it’s a series of behaviours that are linked with gender.” Past research has found that female doctors tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care and tend to stick more closely to guidelines than their male colleagues do. This could reduce the risk of deaths. Understanding why such difference in care will help all doctors improve their practice. For all things that advanced medical equipment and new drugs can do, a physician’s judgement seems to be as important. 32．In which way was the study in 2017 conducted? A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods. C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses. 33．What does the underlined word “retrospective” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Critical. B．Backtracked. C．Dated. D．Accurate. 34．Which statement would Wallis probably agree with? A．Y chromosome determines gender differences. B．Gender difference in care has different effects. C．Female doctors are always assigned with healthier patients. D．Male doctors could reduce the potential risk of deaths. 35．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．A doctor’s judgement is as important as other factors. B．Gender difference can’t help improve doctors’ treatment. C．We should notice gender difference in doctors’ treatment. D．We could use doctors’ judgement to improve his treatment. Passage 10 （24-25高二上·江苏泰州·期中）Over the past decades, people who suffer from depression are often treated with medical treatment and talk therapy. However, according to some researches, these methods don’t work for everyone. Fortunately, there is another treatment available: transcranial magnetic stimulation or TMS, which uses magnets to stimulate regions of the brain. TMS treatments are given according to a specific schedule, including twenty to thirty sessions over a period of six weeks. During each forty- minute treatment session, a trained physician places a device on the left side of the person’s head. This device sends out magnetic pulses into the area of the brain that is involved in mood control. After completing the treatment, a person’s depression may be reduced or completely disappear. Scientists are also studying the use of TMS in the treatment of memory loss, especially in older adults. As individuals age, they tend to have more and more difficulty remembering recent events or information they have recently been exposed to. This occurs because a small area of the brain breaks down with age. To find out whether this process can be slowed, researchers at Northwestern University put together two groups of volunteers. One consisted of older adults aged 64 to 80 while the other was composed of younger adults in their 20s and 30s. Both groups were first assigned a memory task, then their performances were scored. On average, the older group scored 40 percent. Meanwhile, the younger group did better, achieving an average score of 55 percent. Next, the older adults were treated with TMS for five days in a row. After that, they were allowed to rest for a day before they were given a new memory test. In this case, the average score was better. In fact, it equaled the younger group’s score on the original test, proving that TMS had stimulated the older adults’ brains and improved their memory. 36．What is TMS used to treat in Paragraph 2? A．Arm and leg wounds. B．Severe heart diseases. C．A mental condition. D．The common cold. 37．What can we learn about TMS treatment? A．It requires the use of special equipment. B．It causes pain in sensitive parts of the body. C．It’s mainly been tried out on youngsters. D．It was approved by governments long ago. 38．How does the researchers make the conclusion? A．By analyzing the basis of a theory. B．By questioning a traditional concept. C．By emphasizing a study’s limitations. D．By comparing the results of an experiment. 39．Which magazine would this passage most likely appear? A．New Directions in Outdoor Recreation B．Technological Advances in Patient Care C．European Journal of Social Science D．Characteristics of Successful Organizations Passage 11 If a patient knew their doctor was going to give them bad information during an upcoming appointment, they’d cancel immediately. Generative AI models such as ChatGPT, however, frequently make stuff up to cheat our eyes. So why would anyone want to use an AI for medical purposes? Here’s the optimistic scenario (设想): not only do AI tools get trained on medical literature, but they also scan patient records and smart watch data. Then, they produce personalized tips to each user, accurate enough to be helpful. The dystopian version: governments, insurance companies, and the medical enterprises push immature AI to cut costs, leaving patients desperate for medical care from clinicians. Right now, it’s easy to imagine things going wrong, especially because AI has already been accused of offering harmful advice online. “ChatGPT and other large language models are very confident, they express themselves clearly, and they’re very often wrong,” says Mark Dredze, a professor at Johns Hopkins University. Still, he is optimistic. ChatGPT already gives advice that’s comparable to the recommendations physicians offer online, his newly published research has found. And future generative models might complement (完善) trips to the doctor, rather than replacing consults entirely. They could help explain treatments and conditions, such as preventing misunderstandings due to language barriers. In a more promising future, AI systems would combine multiple data sources. Using photos, patient records, information from wearable sensors, and more, they could deliver good care anywhere to anyone. As medical AI develops, the industry must keep growing amounts of patient data secure. But many hospitals already sell sensitive patient data to tech companies. Someone suggests that that information be added to national data sets to improve medical AI models. Additionally, the government could review the accuracy of AI tools used by hospitals and medical groups and cut off valuable funding for substandard software. Doctors shouldn’t just be handed AI tools, either, they should receive extensive training on how to use them. It’s easy to see how Al companies might trick organizations and patients into signing up for services that can’t be trusted. Lawmakers, heal the are providers and tech companies need to move ahead with caution (谨慎). Lives depend on it. 40．What does the underlined word “dystopian” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Uplifting. B．Practical. C．Advanced. D．Discouraging. 41．What might be the current view on AI in medical fields? A．It can provide accurate suggestions. B．AI will adapt and replace doctors. C．Patients are eager for AI treatment. D．There is still a long way for AI to go. 42．According to Mark Dredze, what can AI possibly help do? A．Prevent illnesses. B．Improve communication. C．Assess doctors. D．Check recommendations. 43．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．The development of AI is too fast for human control. B．It is highly irresponsible to introduce AI to medicine. C．Promoting AI-aid medical checkups is as easy as pie. D．The application of AI to medicine is worth joint efforts. Passage 12 （24-25高二上·山东潍坊·期中）A 25-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病) started producing her own insulin (胰岛素) less than three months after receiving a transplant of reprogrammed stem cells. She is the first person with the disease to be treated using cells from her own body. “I can eat sugar now,” said the woman, who lives in Tianjin, on a call with Nature. It has been more than a year since the transplant, and, she says , “I enjoy eating everything —especially hotpot.” James Shapiro, a transplant doctor and researcher at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, says the results of the operation are astonishing. “They’ve greatly improved the health of the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.” The study, published in Cell today, follows results from a separate group in Shanghai, China, who reported in April that they had successfully transplanted insulin-producing islets (胰岛) into a 59-year-old man with type 2 diabetes. The islets were also obtained from reprogrammed stem cells taken from the man’s own body and he has since stopped taking insulin. The studies are among a handful of pioneering trials using stem cells to treat diabetes, which affects close to half a billion people worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes, in which the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or its ability to use the hormone decreases. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks islet cells in the pancreas (胰腺). Islet transplants can treat the disease, but there aren’t enough donors to meet the growing demand, and receivers must use anti-rejection medicines to prevent the body from rejecting the donor tissue. Stem cells can be used to grow any tissue in the body and can be cultured indefinitely in the laboratory, which means they potentially offer a limitless source of pancreatic tissue. By using tissue made from a person’s own cells, researchers also hope to avoid the need for anti-rejection medicines. 44．What can we learn about the transplant from the first two paragraphs? A．It is widely adopted. B．It has bettered the woman’s condition. C．It improves the function of insulin. D．It has changed the woman’s eating preferences. 45．What is the writing purpose of paragraph 4? A．To show the potential dangers of diabetes. B．To analyze the impact of stem cells transplant. C．To stress the necessity of stem cells transplant. D．To compare the symptoms of two types of diabetes. 46．Why does the author mention “donors” and “receivers” in paragraph 5? A．To predict the effect of diabetes treatment. B．To explain the drawbacks of islet transplants. C．To present people’s attitude to islet transplants. D．To conclude a new method of diabetes treatment. 47．Why are the stem cells taken from the patient’s own body? A．To make the process easy. B．To relieve the patient’s pain. C．To save the patient’s money. D．To prevent transplant rejection. Passage 13 （24-25高二上·江西新余·期中）One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease b exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress in their work. However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U. S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky a few years ago are now performed every day in U. S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery. Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary — because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100,000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year. 48．What effect has modern technology had on medicine? A．It has reduced the costs of medical treatment. B．It hasn’t helped save any patients. C．It has encouraged doctors to do more heart surgery. D．It has helped educate people about the prevention of heart disease. 49．What does the underlined word “recover” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Boost. B．Spring up. C．Get back. D．Pick up 50．The author would agree that ______. A．more money should be spent on the prevention of heart disease B．heart surgery has helped most patients improve their conditions C．modern technology has made heart surgery more risky than before D．the public have known a great deal about the causes of heart disease 51．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Greatest Killer in the West B．Heart Disease: Treat or Prevent? C．Old Technology and Heart Surgery D．Heart Surgery: Merits Passage 14 （24-25高二上·广东清远·期中）Louis Pasteur was a world-famous French chemist and biologist. He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva (唾液) entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissue of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种). On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and in the end Joseph recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment. On March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world. Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint-Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the lab is safer and requires a shorter course of injections. 52．Rabies probably can destroy a person’s ________. A．nervous system B．blood C．skin D．saliva 53．What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man? A．It didn’t save the man’s life. B．The man was his second patient. C．It proved to be a great success. D．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later. 54．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date. B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients. C．Injections of vaccine still take much time. D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine. 55．What’s the text mainly about? A．The treatment for rabies. B．The introduction to rabies vaccine. C．An analysis of the cause of rabies. D．Pasteur’s devotion to rabies vaccine. Passage 15 （24-25高二上·河北张家口·期中）Every Monday through Friday, you may be running between work, appointments and family events — can’t the workout wait until the weekend? Maybe, according to a new report published in the journal JAMA, which found that people who exercised throughout the week and “weekend warriors”, who packed their exercise into the weekend, saw a similar reduction in the risk of heart diseases. The paper relied on data from the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database that follows residents in the long term. “A group of more than 1000,000 people used accelerometers (加速度计) to track their movement over the course of a week,” the study said. Researchers then assessed the relationship between exercise patterns and events of the heart. Adults need at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity per week, according to The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. “If you are able to achieve those guideline-recommended levels over one to two days of the week, then our findings show you’re getting a similar benefit as people who exercise every day,” said lead study author Dr Shaan Khurshid, instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Dr Andrew Freeman from National Jewish Health in Denver, who was not part of the research, often recommends his patients aim to exercise every day, encouraging them to engage in 30-minute exercise that’s hard enough to make them breathless. Still, there are patients who tell Freeman that they can only get a day or two of activity during the week but have more time on the weekend. Now the recent study gives him more confidence in helping them make that work. “This is at least inspiring enough for me to say to some patients, ‘Hey, there’s recent data that says if you can’t get your 30 minutes every day, getting 150 minutes over a weekend might be helpful,’” said Freeman. 56．What is the main finding of the new research? A．Exercising on weekends is more beneficial. B．Most people prefer to exercise on weekdays. C．Regular daily exercise is essential for heart health. D．Weekend exercise has benefits similar to daily exercise. 57．How did the researchers get their findings? A．By observing people’s exercise habits. B．By conducting interviews with patients. C．By reviewing residents’ medical records. D．By analyzing data from wearable devices. 58．How long is the recommended weekly duration for moderate-intensity exercise for adults? A．At least 30 minutes. B．At least 100 minutes. C．At least 150 minutes. D．At least 180 minutes. 59．What is Dr Andrew Freeman’s attitude towards the new study? A．Positive. B．Opposed. C．Critical. D．Indifferent. Ⅱ阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries. 1 It was a device developed by two former fellows with the Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign. This foot-operated resuscitator (呼吸机) was designed for clinicians who often must work alone when a newborn struggles to take a first breath. 2 When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs. But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag. 3 Avijit Bansal, MD, a pulmonologist from India, was well aware of this earlier. In 2011, he met a like-minded researcher and they began work on a solution. As the article notes: They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator. 4 With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently. The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali. 5 A．It is helping save lives, and people are taking notice. B．That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe. C．We have created a new way of performing an age-old procedure. D．Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina. E．Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences. F．In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple. G．It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation. Passage 2 Accidents happen, especially when kids are in the house, and being prepared with a first-aid kit is always a great idea. 6 Having a first-aid kit on hand for your child will help put your mind at ease and let you and your family worry less when injuries occur. Making your own first-aid kit ensures your kit has everything your child could need in an emergency. Decide on the right size for the kit. Consider how and when the kit will most likely be used and where it will be stored. 7 A manageable size for a container that would still be able to contain the necessary items for your kid is a case the size of a shoebox. 8 First-aid kits can come in a variety of sizes and are built from a variety of materials. Choosing the right material for your first-aid kit should again be based on how the kit will be used by your child. Make sure the container can be locked. When the kit is not in use, you want to make sure that the contents of the first-aid kit are unable to be changed by any younger children in the house who aren’t mature enough to use the kit. 9 Label the box as a children’s first-aid kit. The kit should be labeled clearly as a first-aid kit for kids. 10 You should also paint or attach a symbol to show that it should be used for first aid. A．Choose the appropriate container material. B．Also, consider the age of your child and what they can carry. C．A lock will ensure that the kit does not open easily when not used. D．Look for a waterproof container so that none of the items inside get damaged. E．Using a bright label will make the kit stand out within a crowded locker or cabinet. F．Don’t teach your child to use the kit until you think they’re ready to use it responsibly. G．Teaching your children how to use the kit will help enable them to care for themselves. Passage 3 How to Create a Home First Aid Kit Emergencies can happen anytime, anywhere, so having a properly stocked first aid kit in your home is an easy but essential part of good emergency preparation. Here are some useful tips for you to personalize your own first aid kit. Pick a good container. You can buy pre-filled first aid kits, and you can also buy empty first aid kit containers. 11 One good choice is a large, water-resistant, flexible plastic container with either a zipper (拉链) closure or a lid. Lunchboxes are also another good option. 12 When your child is crying about a wound on her knee, you don't want your home kit buried on the back of a closet. Establish a clearly-defined, consistent spot for your first aid kit, on a visible closet shelf, for instance, and inform everyone in your home of its location. Teach your family about the kit. 13 For younger children who shouldn’t try to use the items in the kit, teach them where it is located, so they could show a visitor, relative, babysitter, etc. For older children and adults, instruct them on when to retrieve (收回) the kit and how to use the various items in it. Keep your kit up-to-date. No one wants to fetch a first aid kit and find the bandage box empty or the painkillers expired. 14 You’ve probably heard that you should check the batteries in your smoke detectors. This would also be a good opportunity to check the status of your first aid kit and restock it as needed. Create a checklist to include with the kit. Stock your first aid kit and record every item on a sheet of paper you can keep it in the kit. Record amounts and expiration dates next to the listed items on the checklist you include in your kit. 15 A．Make sure anyone who retrieves the kit knows what it includes and does not include. B．Make sure everyone in your home knows the location of the kit and when to retrieve it. C．Make your kit safely accessible. D．But you almost already have a perfectly good first aid kit container in your home. E．Keep track of supply amounts and expiration dates regularly. F．Make your kit clearly recognizable. G．Or you can buy a first aid kit in the store. Passage 4 If you get a cotton (棉花) ball out of a brand-new bottle of pills (药片), you may probably wonder what it is used for. This soft ball seemingly only blocks your way to your pills. Adding to the confusion, it’s not any kind of special object. It’s just a common cotton ball. Then what purpose could it possibly serve? 16 The first-ever cotton balls started showing up in pill bottles in the early 1900s. The medical company Bayer was the first one to add them. 17 It worried that the customers might end up taking too much or too little medicine due to the small pieces. Decades later, pill coatings made the cotton balls useless. The coatings on pills ensured they were no longer in danger of breaking apart in the bottle. Bayer itself actually stopped putting cotton balls in the bottles just decades ago. 18 Why? It had become a custom. According to a report, consumers expected to see the cotton balls there and most didn’t know they were useless. 19 They might be an annoyance, surely. But customers have been used to the cotton balls. Many have believed their pills are somehow safer or fresher because of them. 20 The cotton balls don’t preserve quality or freshness in any way. And in fact, they might have the opposite effect. It’s said that the cotton can actually draw moisture (潮气) into the bottle. Too much moisture could affect pills’ effect. A．Actually, the idea is not right. B．They’re out of place and harmful. C．Many other companies, though, still kept them in. D．The truth is that it used to have an important function. E．It was the first time that people had found the cotton balls’ secret. F．Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. G．It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. Passage 5 Acupuncture (针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the solution for countless patients for thousands of years. 21 Over time, this natural practice gradually developed into a thorough and deep medical system, forming the basis of acupuncture. Acupuncture is a way to help the body recover itself by using thin needles in certain parts of the body. 22 Its medical ideas match traditional Chinese medicine’s philosophical beliefs. These beliefs focus on treating the whole person, keeping bodily functions balanced, and promoting good health. 23 They include needle insertion (针刺), cupping and scraping (刮痧). Needle insertion, the most common method, is carried out by inserting hair-thin needles into specific points on the body that channel vital energy (the qi). Practitioners use thin needles to help the body’s energy flow better, fix the balance between yin and yang, and make the body work better on its own. They gently move the needles around in different ways to do this. Acupuncture offers a way to treat the whole person. In addition to its physical benefits, acupuncture also provides emotional and psychological support. 24 The process of receiving acupuncture involves relaxation and meditation, which can further improve its therapeutic (治疗的) effects. 25 Over the years, acupuncture has seen many improvements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now widely accepted as a mainstream treatment option for various health conditions. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries. A．Practices can vary in forms. B．Acupuncture is used worldwide. C．Acupuncture is a powerful and effective form of therapy. D．Acupuncture does work and many people have been cured by it. E．At the beginning, ancient Chinese used stone tools to help with pain. F．Many people find it helpful in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. G．It helps the body work better and improves its natural ability to recover. ( 23 / 24 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Fit for life (译林版2020选择必修第二册) 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇) Ⅰ阅读理解 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·江苏无锡·期中）China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture. In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adopts a vastly different approach. For thousands of years, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies. The core behind TCM is that the human body’s life is the consequence of the balance between Yin and Yang. Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and Yin is the inner base to store and provide energy. When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed; people fall ill. One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法) means insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body — usually at acupoints (穴位) — to restore the Yin-Yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion (艾灸疗法), which involves burning mugwort on or near the skin at an acupoint. The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the fundamental and most representative medical text in China. Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles. And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition. The WHO issued a document in2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies. In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO. Presently, TCM: has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of Category B infectious disease. 1．What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．TCM. B．Yin-Yang balance. C．Acupuncture. D．Moxibustion. 2．What can we learn about The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon from the text? A．It distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion. B．It’s a foundation of world medical research. C．It stresses the importance of using acupoints. D．It greatly boosts the development of TCM. 3．What’s the purpose of this text? A．To review the development of TCM. B．To introduce TCM to the world. C．To tell TCM and Western medicine apart. D．To argue for TCM in fighting disease. 4．What might be talked about in the paragraph following the text? A．How TCM helps in the current situation. B．Why TCM is gaining popularity. C．Why TCM gets recognition from WHO. D．How other countries adopt TCM. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国传统医学的特点，包括其核心理念、技术、重要文献以及国际认可。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段“One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture means insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body — usually at acupoints — to restore the Yin-Yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion.(作为中国传统医学的一种传统技术，针灸是指将针插入身体的表层结构——通常在穴位上——以恢复阴阳平衡。它经常伴随着艾灸疗法。)”可知，it指代上文提到的acupuncture，即“针刺疗法”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the fundamental and most representative medical text in China.(第一部明确谈到如今所实行的针灸和艾灸的文献是《黄帝内经》。它是中国传统医学最早、最重要的著作，被认为是中国最基本、最具代表性的医学著作。)”可知，《黄帝内经》被认为是中国传统医学的基本著作，即极大地促进了中国传统医学的发展。故选D。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段提到“China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture. In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine adopts a vastly different approach.(中国是最早孕育医学文化的国家之一。与西医方法相比，中国传统医学采用了截然不同的方法。)”可知，本文主要介绍了中国传统医学的特点，包括其核心理念、技术、重要文献以及国际认可等，旨在向世界介绍中国传统医学。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Presently, TCM has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of the COVID-19.(目前，中国传统医学因其提高新冠肺炎治愈率的有效性而再次成为新闻焦点。)”可推知，接下来可能会讲述中国传统医学在当前形势下如何发挥作用。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·湖南衡阳·期末）It’s common knowledge that our brains — and, specifically, our brain cells — store memories. But a team of scientists has discovered that cells from other parts of the body also perform a memory function, opening new pathways for understanding how memory works and creating the potential to enhance learning and to treat memory-related diseases. The research sought to better understand if non- brain cells help with memory by borrowing from a long-established neurological property — the massed-spaced effect — which shows that we tend to memorize information better when studying in spaced intervals (间隔) rather than in a single, intensive period — better known as cramming (临时死记硬背) for a test. In the research, the scientists repeated learning over time by studying two types of non-brain human cells in a laboratory （one from nerve tissue and the other from kidney tissue）and exposing them to different patterns of chemical signals. In response, the non-brain cells turned on a “memory gene (基因)”. To track the memory and learning process, the scientists engineered these non-brain cells to make a protein, which indicated when the memory gene was on and when it was off. The results showed that these cells could determine when the chemical pulses (脉冲) were repeated rather than simply extended — just as nerve cells in our brain can record when we learn with breaks rather than cramming all the material in one sitting. Specifically, when the pulses were delivered in spaced-out intervals, they turned on the “memory gene” more strongly, and for a longer time, than when the same treatment was delivered all at once. “This reflects the massed-spaced effect in action,” says Kukushkin, a clinical associate professor of life science at NYU Liberal Studies. “It shows that the ability to learn from spaced repetition isn’t unique to brain cells, but, in fact, might be a basic property of all cells.” The researchers add that the findings not only offer new ways to study memory, but also point to potential health-related advantages. 5．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．Brain cells process most of the memories. B．Memory-related diseases can be easily treated now. C．Scientists have fully understood how memory works. D．Non-brain cells may have something to do with memory. 6．How did the scientists track memory in non-brain cells? A．By using a specific protein. B．By measuring the size of the cells. C．By comparing chemical reactions. D．By recording the learning effects. 7．What does Kukushkin imply about spaced repetition learning? A．It’s unconnected to non-brain cells. B．It’s strengthened by chemical pulses. C．It’s probably an essential characteristic of all cells. D．It’s usually better than cramming all the material at once. 8．In which field may the findings apply to? A．Genetic techniques. B．Medical treatment. C．Psychological research. D．Behaviour disorders. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新研究发现，记忆不仅存在于大脑中，肾脏和神经组织细胞学习和制造记忆的方式与神经元相似。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“But a team of scientists has discovered that cells from other parts of the body also perform a memory function, opening new pathways for understanding how memory works and creating the potential to enhance learning and to treat memory-related diseases.( 但一组科学家发现，来自身体其他部位的细胞也具有记忆功能，这为理解记忆的工作原理开辟了新的途径，并创造了增强学习和治疗记忆相关疾病的潜力。)”可知，非脑细胞可能与记忆功能相关。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“To track the memory and learning process, the scientists engineered these non-brain cells to make a protein, which indicated when the memory gene was on and when it was off. (为了追踪记忆和学习过程，科学家们设计了这些非脑细胞来制造一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质表明记忆基因何时开启，何时关闭。)”可知，科学家们是通过使用一种特定的蛋白质在非脑细胞中追踪记忆的。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第六段“It shows that the ability to learn from spaced repetition isn’t unique to brain cells, but, in fact, might be a basic property of all cells. (它表明，从间隔重复中学习的能力并不是脑细胞所独有的，事实上，它可能是所有细胞的基本特性。)”可知，从间隔重复中学习的能力并不是脑细胞所独有的，事实上，它可能是所有细胞的基本特性。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“But a team of scientists has discovered that cells from other parts of the body also perform a memory function, opening new pathways for understanding how memory works and creating the potential to enhance learning and to treat memory-related diseases. (但一组科学家发现，来自身体其他部位的细胞也具有记忆功能，这为理解记忆的工作原理开辟了新的途径，并创造了增强学习和治疗记忆相关疾病的潜力。)”可知，这些发现为理解记忆的工作原理开辟了新的途径，并创造了增强学习和治疗记忆相关疾病的潜力；再根据最后一段内容它们不仅提供了研究记忆的新方法，而且还指出了潜在的健康益处。由此可推出，该发现可以应用于医疗健康领域。故选B。 Passage 3 According to recent figures, there are 2.2 million people in the UK with chronic (慢性的) wounds, costing £5.3 bn a year. Now researchers say they have come up with a device that could help such wounds heal (愈合): a wireless, bio-electronic system that can stick to the skin. The smart bandage device can monitor features of the wound such as its temperature, pH, and levels of substances including glucose, uric acid and lactate, providing important insights into whether the wound is infected and its levels of inflammation (炎症) . It allows for electrical stimulation to be applied — a technique previously found to encourage wounds to heal, and also enables the controlled release of anti-inflammatory drugs. “All the signals can be wirelessly sent to a user’s computer or cellphone,” said Dr Wei Gao, a co-author of the research from the California Institute of Technology. “We can wirelessly control the drug release by applying electrical potential.” Writing in the journal Science Advances, the team describe how they tested the smart bandages on wounds of diabetic mice and rats before and after infection, finding the devices were able to detect features including the temperature and pH of the wound. These measurements changed as expected before and after the mice were given treatment. What is more, mice with smart bandages who experienced both drug release and electrical stimulation showed higher rates of wound closure and fewer scars than mice whose wounds were not covered by the bandages. Dr Jenna Cash, principal investigator of the skin wound research group at the University of Edinburgh, who was not involved in the research, said the question was whether the measurements made by the new devices would be relevant to true chronic wounds in humans. “It is an exciting advance, but will need a lot of development going forwards to ensure it works as intended in people.” 9．What can the smart bandage device do according to the text? A．Choose the proper medicine. B．Connect with the smartphone. C．Change the skin temperature. D．Identify a variety of diseases. 10．How did the team test the smart bandages according to paragraph 4? A．By employing patients to try out it. B．By doing experiments on animals. C．By analyzing previous test data. D．By comparing it to other devices. 11．What’s Dr Jenna Cash’s attitude towards the smart bandages? A．Uninterested. B．Satisfied. C．Hopeful. D．Critical. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Views on the new device: “smart bandage” B．A risk to your health: chronic wounds C．Effective ways to cure chronic wounds D．A new device helping chronic wounds heal 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．C 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新设备“智能绷带”有助于慢性伤口愈合。 9．细节理解题。由文章第三段中““All the signals can be wirelessly sent to a user’s computer or cellphone,” said Dr Wei Gao, a co-author of the research from the California Institute of Technology. (加州理工学院这项研究的合著者高伟博士说：“所有的信号都可以无线发送到用户的电脑或手机上。”)”可知，智能绷带设备可以与智能手机连接。故选B。 10．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Writing in the journal Science Advances, the team describe how they tested the smart bandages on wounds of diabetic mice and rats before and after infection, finding the devices were able to detect features including the temperature and pH of the wound. (在《科学进展》期刊上发表的文章中，该团队描述了他们如何在糖尿病小鼠和大鼠感染前后对其伤口测试智能绷带，发现这些设备能够检测到伤口的温度和酸碱度等特征。)”可知，团队通过在动物身上做实验测试智能绷。故选B。 11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“It is an exciting advance, but will need a lot of development going forwards to ensure it works as intended in people. (这是一个令人兴奋的进步，但未来需要大量的发展，以确保它在人们身上按预期工作。)”可知，Jenna Cash博士对智能绷带持有希望的态度。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Now researchers say they have come up with a device that could help such wounds heal (愈合): a wireless, bio-electronic system that can stick to the skin. (现在，研究人员表示，他们已研发出一种可能有助于伤口愈合的设备：一种可以贴在皮肤上的无线生物电子系统。)”可知，文章主要讲述了研究人员开发出一种可以帮助慢性伤口愈合的新设备——无线生物电子系统，最好的标题是“A new device helping chronic wounds heal (一种帮助慢性伤口愈合的新设备)”。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·湖南邵阳·期中）Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old woman, was the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery of the life-saving drug artemisinin (known as qinghaosu) with the help of her team in the 1970s. When standing on the stage, she expressed her sincere gratitude to the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.” As a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, she benefited a lot from the experts in the same field by learning Chinese medicine for two and a half years, which helped her master a deep knowledge about traditional practices. Attaching great importance to saving people’s lives from Malaria — a disease that killed millions of people every year, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure and had an idea that Chinese herbs might be the key after seeing so many unsuccessful experiments conducted by others. She immersed herself in learning ancient Chinese medical literature, visiting experts in traditional Chinese medicine and researching hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures, getting nothing. Then the thought of using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs came to her mind. After hundreds of failed experiments due to limited resources and the lack of staff, even the air quality in the laboratory they worked was terrible, they eventually came across a promising chemical. Tu Youyou even bravely volunteered to be the first human subject to see if it was safe for humans. The test turned out to be a success. “From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated,”she said. 13．Which of the following statements is correct? A．Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin on her own. B．Tu Youyou spent two years learning Chinese medicine. C．Tu Youyou was the first scientists to be awarded Nobel Prize. D．Tu Youyou gained lots of knowledge from the experts in her field. 14．What is Not included in the reasons why Tu Youyou succeeded in her field? A．Her eagerness for saving people’s lives from Malaria. B．Her desire to be recognized by the whole world. C．The joint effort of the team members. D．Her modest attitude towards learning from others. 15．How did Tu Youyou prove that Chinese herb would be the cure? A．Studying latest Chinese literature. B．Tasting hundreds of Chinese herbs. C．Visiting experts in modern-Chinese medicine. D．Researching a great deal of traditional recipes 16．Which of the following difficulties did Tu Youyou and her team not encounter? A．They were short of staff. B．Their research methods were out-dated. C．The air quality in their laboratory was bad. D．Their resources was limited. 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．D 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了中国科学家屠呦呦的发现青蒿素的过程以及她因此获得的荣誉和感悟。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“As a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, she benefited a lot from the experts in the same field by learning Chinese medicine for two and a half years, which helped her master a deep knowledge about traditional practices. (作为中国中医科学院的一员，屠呦呦在学习中医药的两年半时间里，从同一领域的专家那里受益匪浅，这帮助她掌握了深厚的传统知识。)”可知，A选项“屠呦呦从她所在领域的专家那里学到了很多知识。”的表述是正确的。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old woman, was the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery of the life-saving drug artemisinin (known as qinghaosu) with the help of her team in the 1970s.(84岁的屠呦呦女士是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家，因为她在20世纪70年代在她的团队的帮助下发现了救命药物青蒿素)”以及第三段“Attaching great importance to saving people’s lives from Malaria — a disease that killed millions of people every year, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure and had an idea that Chinese herbs might be the key after seeing so many unsuccessful experiments conducted by others. She immersed herself in learning ancient Chinese medical literature, visiting experts in traditional Chinese medicine and researching hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures, getting nothing. (屠呦呦非常重视从疟疾这种每年导致数百万人死亡的疾病中拯救人们的生命，因此被选中组建团队寻找治疗方法。在看到其他人进行的许多不成功的实验后，她认为中草药可能是关键。她潜心学习中国古代医学文献，拜访中医专家，研究数百种与抗疟疾治疗相关的传统配方，但一无所获。)可知，屠呦呦成功的原因包括：团队成员的共同努力、渴望拯救的疟疾的人们的生命、对中国古代医学文献的潜心学习以及向他人学习的谦虚态度。B选项“她渴望得到全世界的认可”不是屠呦呦在她的领域取得成功的原因。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段的“She immersed herself in learning ancient Chinese medical literature, visiting experts in traditional Chinese medicine and researching hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures, getting nothing. Then the thought of using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs came to her mind. (她潜心学习中国古代医学文献，拜访中医专家，研究数百种与抗疟疾治疗相关的传统处方，但一无所获。于是，她想到了用现代研究方法来研究这些中草药。)”可知，屠呦呦通过研究大量传统处方来证明中草药可能是治疗办法。故选D。 16．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“After hundreds of failed experiments due to limited resources and the lack of staff, even the air quality in the laboratory they worked was terrible, they eventually came across a promising chemical. (由于资源有限，人手不足，甚至实验室的空气质量都很糟糕，数百次实验失败后，他们终于发现了一种很有前景的化学物质。)”可知，屠呦呦和团队遇到的困难有：他们人手不足、他们实验室的空气质量很差、他们的资源有限，文中没有提到他们的研究方法已经过时了。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25高二上·河南·阶段练习）“Nurse refuses to perform CPR and lets an elderly woman die at a nursing house in California!” read the headline of an ABC news report several days ago. Later, it turned out that the elderly woman had wished to die naturally. Then why did the woman refuse CPR? It is necessary for us to know what CPR can, and can’t, do. The discovery that CPR could save life was first reported in 1878, from experiments on cats. It wasn’t until 1959 that researchers at Johns Hopkins applied the method to humans. The excitement at its simplicity was clear: “Anyone, anywhere, can now do CPR,” the researchers wrote. “All that is needed is two hands.” In the 1970s, CPR classes were developed for flight attendants, coaches, and babysitters are now often required to study CPR. But most people learn what they know about CPR from television. In 2015, researchers found that survival after CPR on TV was 70%. In real life, people similarly believe that survival after CPR is over 75%. This may explain the attitude that everyone should know CPR, and that everyone who experiences heart attack should receive it. However, it cannot be further from truth. In 2010, a review of 79 studies, involving almost 150, 000 patients, found that the average rate of survival from out-of-hospital heart attack had barely changed in thirty years. It was 7.6%. On-site CPR may increase those chances to 10%. Survival after CPR for in-hospital heart attack is slightly better, but still only about 17%. The numbers get even worse with age. A study in Sweden found that survival after out-of-hospital CPR dropped from 6.7% for patients in their 70s to just 2.4% for those over 90. The harm, as it turns out, can be very serious. Broken bones are the most common problem, but the procedure can also cause lung and liver damage. The biggest problem is brain injury. When the heart stops, the brain begins to die within minutes. So about 30% of survivors will have significant mental disability. The side effects of CPR may be why as many as half of patients who survive wish they hadn’t received it. 17．About one hundred years after the discovery of CPR, __________. A．it started to be applied to humans B．it was popularized in some professions C．it became a necessary qualification for babysitters D．it was perfected by researchers at Johns Hopkins 18．Which aspect of CPR does the fourth paragraph focus on? A．The failed cases. B．Its real effects. C．Its important functions. D．The misunderstanding. 19．What did the 2010 study find about CPR? A．The public was unwilling to accept it. B．It had much better effects on the elderly. C．The average rate of survival remained low. D．It had to be carried out on time by professionals. 20．What is the most serious harm suffered by CPR survivors? A．Hurt backs. B．Broken bones. C．Injured lung. D．Damaged brain. 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者试图纠正一些与心脏复苏术（CPR ）相关的错误认知。 17．推理判断题。根据第三段“The discovery that CPR could save life was first reported in 1878, from experiments on cats. It wasn’t until 1959 that researchers at Johns Hopkins applied the method to humans. The excitement at its simplicity was clear: “Anyone, anywhere, can now do CPR,” the researchers wrote. “All that is needed is two hands.” In the 1970s, CPR classes were developed for flight attendants, coaches, and babysitters are now often required to study CPR.(心肺复苏术可以挽救生命的发现最早是在1878年在猫身上进行的实验中发现的。直到1959年，约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员才将这种方法应用于人类。研究人员写道：“现在任何人，任何地方都可以做心肺复苏术。”“只需要两只手。”在20世纪70年代，为空乘人员开设了心肺复苏术课程，教练和保姆现在经常被要求学习心肺复苏术)”可推断，大约在CPR被发现一百年后，有些行业开始普及这一急救手段。故选B。 18．主旨大意题。根据第四段“But most people learn what they know about CPR from television. In 2015, researchers found that survival after CPR on TV was 70%. In real life, people similarly believe that survival after CPR is over 75%. This may explain the attitude that everyone should know CPR, and that everyone who experiences heart attack should receive it.(但大多数人是从电视上了解心肺复苏术的。2015年，研究人员发现，电视上心肺复苏后的存活率为70%。在现实生活中，人们同样认为心肺复苏术后的存活率超过75%。这也许可以解释每个人都应该知道心肺复苏术，每个经历心脏病发作的人都应该接受它的态度)”可知，第四段中作者主要是聚焦于公众对CPR的错误认知及其根源：电视不合实际的宣传。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据第五段“In 2010, a review of 79 studies, involving almost 150, 000 patients, found that the average rate of survival from out-of-hospital heart attack had barely changed in thirty years. It was 7.6%. On-site CPR may increase those chances to 10%. Survival after CPR for in-hospital heart attack is slightly better, but still only about 17%. The numbers get even worse with age. A study in Sweden found that survival after out-of-hospital CPR dropped from 6.7% for patients in their 70s to just 2.4% for those over 90.(2010年，一项涉及近15万患者的79项研究的综述发现，院外心脏病发作的平均存活率在30年里几乎没有变化。是7.6%。现场心肺复苏术可能会将这一几率提高到10%。住院心脏病患者接受心肺复苏术后的存活率略高，但仍只有17%左右。随着年龄的增长，这些数字会变得更糟。瑞典的一项研究发现，院外心肺复苏后的存活率从70多岁患者的6.7%下降到90岁以上患者的2.4%)”可知，2010年关于心肺复苏术的研究发现平均存活率仍然很低。故选C。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The biggest problem is brain injury.(最大的问题是脑损伤)”可知，CPR最严重的后遗症是脑损伤。故选D。 Passage 6 Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible. Rishi Rawat teaches AI at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Clinical Science Center in Los Angeles. He is part of a team of scientists who are researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “This data helps the machine learn. You can put the data into machines and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that is important to making decisions.” David Agus is another USC researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. He says, “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.” Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue, put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say AI can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus adds, “All of a sudden, we have the computing power to really do it in real time. We didn’t have the computing power to do this several years ago, but now it’s all changed.” The USC’s researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict AI will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer. 21．What is the key to the learning of AI according to the text? A．The input of data. B．The patterns of machines. C．Computers’ recognition ability. D．Scientists’ continuous research. 22．What is the advantage of AI in identifying cancer compared to traditional practices? A．It will cost less money. B．It will become more effective. C．It will relieve patients’ suffering. D．It will correct personal mistakes. 23．What does Agus think of the technology? A．It’s satisfactory. B．It’s worrying. C．It’s complex. D．It’s conventional. 24．Which word can best describe the technology? A．User-friendly. B．Integrated. C．Promising. D．Challenging. 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能技术可以通过机器学习帮助医生更快速、准确地识别和治疗癌症，尽管它不会取代医生，但为医疗决策提供了强大的支持，展示了其在癌症治疗中的巨大潜力。 21．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This data helps the machine learn. You can put the data into machines and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that is important to making decisions. (这些数据有助于机器学习。你可以把数据输入机器，它们会学习模式和模式识别，这对决策很重要)”可知，数据帮助机器识别模式并做出决策。由此可知，人工智能学习的关键在于数据的输入。故选A项。 22．推理判断题。根据第五段中“That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say AI can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. (这个过程可能需要几天甚至更长时间。科学家表示，人工智能可以做比数细胞更好的事情。通过机器学习，它可以识别复杂的模式或结构，并了解细胞是如何组织的。人们希望，机器很快就能在没有人类错误的情况下快速识别癌症)”可知，人工智能不仅可以计数细胞，还能学习识别复杂的模式，并快速识别癌症，避免人为错误。这表明人工智能在识别癌症方面比传统方法更有效率。故选B项。23．推理判断题。根据第四段中Agus所说的话“Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself. (计算机不会治疗病人，但它们会帮助做出某些决定，并寻找人类大脑自身无法识别的东西)”和第六段中Agus所说的话“All of a sudden, we have the computing power to really do it in real time. We didn’t have the computing power to do this several years ago, but now it’s all changed. (突然之间，我们就有了实时计算的能力。几年前我们还没有计算能力做到这一点，但现在一切都变了)”可知，Agus承认这项技术可以辅助医生做决策，其计算能力非常强大。这表明他对这项技术是满意的态度。故选A项。 24．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“The USC’s researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict AI will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer. (南加州大学的研究人员现在只研究乳腺癌。但医生预测，人工智能总有一天会对所有类型的癌症产生影响)”可知，人工智能技术被描述为能够帮助医生更好地理解和治疗癌症，尤其是在识别癌症方面具有显著优势，研究人员对人工智能在癌症治疗中的未来应用充满希望。因此，这项技术很有前景。故选C项。 Passage 7 Five Solid Reasons Why Regular Dental Visits Matter 1. Because prevention is better than cure. Regular dental check-ups are recommended to maintain healthy teeth and gums. The interval varies from three months to two years depending on your oral health. Your dentist will advise you on what’s right for you. The aim of a check-up is to nip any problems in the bud, before you experience pain, lose teeth or have other health problems. Gum disease has been associated with heart disease, for example. 2. You’ve got bad breath. Bad breath is embarrassing and can sometimes leave a nasty taste in your mouth. You might have a hole in your tooth, an infection or gum disease. Your dentist can give you tips on cleaning your teeth more effectively and treat more serious disease. Your family and friends will thank you for it. 3. Your gums keep bleeding. Persistent bleeding when you floss or brush isn’t normal. You might just be brushing too enthusiastically —— yes, it’s possible to overdo it, but it could be gum disease. Your dentist will let you know which it is and help you resolve it. 4. To check for cancer. Dentists don’t just look for holes and unhealthy gums; they can also spot mouth cancer and refer patients to hospital to see a specialist. Cases have risen by 34 percent in the past decade, according to the Oral Health Foundation, but early discovery can save your life. 5. You want to improve your confidence. More and more adults are having treatment to straighten their teeth. Not only does it make a huge difference to your smile, but it can also prevent gum disease, which is more likely to take hold if you struggle to clean crooked teeth. 25．What’s the purpose of regular dental check-ups? A．To relieve your toothache. B．To treat your heart disease. C．To help to clean your teeth more effectively. D．To prevent teeth and gum diseases. 26．What can’t dentists do? A．Help to treat your mouth cancer. B．Find out why your gums keep bleeding. C．Instruct you to clean your teeth properly. D．Straighten your teeth. 27．Where will you probably read this passage? A．Health column in a magazine. B．An advertisement for toothbrushes. C．A dentist’s diary. D．A medical research paper. 【答案】25．D 26．A 27．A 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么要定期去看牙医的五个充分的理由。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Regular dental check-ups are recommended to maintain healthy teeth and gums.(建议定期进行牙齿检查，以保持牙齿和牙龈健康。)”和“The aim of a check-up is to nip any problems in the bud, before you experience pain, lose teeth or have other health problems.(检查的目的是在你感到疼痛、牙齿脱落或出现其他健康问题之前，将任何问题扼杀在萌芽状态。)”可知，定期的牙齿检查是为了预防牙齿和牙龈疾病，保持健康。故选D。 26．推理判断题。根据第四段“they can also spot mouth cancer and refer patients to hospital to see a specialist.(他们还可以发现口腔癌，并把病人转到医院去看专家。)”可知，牙医可以发现口腔癌，但是不能帮助治疗，病人需要到医院找专家治疗。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Regular dental check-ups are recommended to maintain healthy teeth and gums.(建议定期进行牙齿检查，以保持牙齿和牙龈健康。)”和标题“Five Solid Reasons Why Regular Dental Visits Matter(为什么定期看牙医很重要的五个可靠原因)”及全文内容可知，文章主要给出了定期去看牙医以确保牙齿和牙龈健康的五个理由，所以应该会从杂志的健康栏目读到本文。故选A。 Passage 8 （24-25高二上·浙江绍兴·期中）Hiao Khanh, 29, is a member of the Community Malaria (疟疾). Action Team in Chư Rcăm commune, Krông pa district, Gia Lai province, which is known for having the highest number of malaria cases in Vietnam. In 2020, more than 200 cases were reported across the district. Hiao Khanh has been working in malaria prevention and control since 2019, after he recovered from malaria. “It was a near-death experience,” said Hiao Khanh. “I had a high fever before getting medical support. After that, I was determined to help reduce sickness and deaths from malaria in my community.” People in this community depend heavily on the forest to earn a living. They go into the forest to work, and sleep there, putting them at high risk of contracting (感染) malaria. When it rains, the community’s various forest settlements are nearly cut off as the dirt roads are flooded. Hiao Khanh and his team need to use motorbikes to reach different parts of the community to help protect people from malaria. The team’s main activities are to raise awareness about malaria prevention, provide protective items, and find out people who might have malaria and then transport them to healthcare facilities for testing. With the right treatment, patients can now be cured in a shorter period of time. However, ensuring individuals stay on track with their treatment remains a challenge. Forest workers, for example, often prefer to return to work as soon as their fever breaks. Part of Hiao Khanh’s work is to find and persuade patients to come back for treatment. Communication is an important aspect of his team’s work. They actively listen to people’s concerns, respond to their questions, and stress the importance of completing the full treatment course. “Just a ‘thank you’ from the people is enough to give me strength to continue this job to reduce malaria in my homeland,” said Hiao Khanh. 28．What led Hiao Khanh to take an active role in malaria prevention and control? A．His suffering from malaria. B．A report about malaria cases in Vietnam. C．His visit to a nearby forest. D．The deaths from malaria in his community. 29．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．It often rains in Hiao Khanh’s hometown. B．The community is accessible only by motorbikes. C．Natural disasters frequently hit Hiao Khanh’s hometown. D．Forests add to the difficulty of malaria control. 30．Which of the following is part of the mission of the Community Malaria Action Team? A．Treating patients with malaria. B．Educating people about malaria prevention. C．Transporting villagers to safer places. D．Improving hospitals and healthcare facilities. 31．Which of the following can best describe Hiao Khanh concerning his fight against malaria? A．committed and determined B．innovative and productive C．courageous and ambitious D．outgoing and adaptable 【答案】28．A 29．D 30．B 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章以Hiao Khanh的个人经历和工作为切入点，详细描述了越南一个疟疾高发地区社区疟疾行动小组的工作情况，包括他们的主要活动、面临的挑战以及他们为减少疟疾所做出的努力。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Hiao Khanh has been working in malaria prevention and control since 2019, after he recovered from malaria. “It was a near-death experience,” said Hiao Khanh.(Hiao Khanh自2019年从疟疾中康复后，便开始从事疟疾的预防和控制工作。“那是一次死里逃生的经历，”Hiao Khanh说)”可知，Hiao Khanh积极参与疟疾预防和控制工作的原因是他自己患过疟疾。故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“People in this community depend heavily on the forest to earn a living. They go into the forest to work, and sleep there, putting them at high risk of contracting (感染) malaria. When it rains, the community’s various forest settlements are nearly cut off as the dirt roads are flooded. (这个社区的人们在很大程度上依赖森林为生。他们进入森林工作，并在那里睡觉，这使他们处于感染疟疾的高风险之中。下雨时，社区的各个森林定居点几乎都被切断联系，因为泥土道路被洪水淹没)”可知，由于人们需要在森林中工作和睡觉，且下雨时道路会被淹没，这使得疟疾的控制变得更加困难。森林既是他们的工作和居住地，也是疟疾传播的高风险区域，同时恶劣的天气条件还阻碍了有效的防控措施的实施。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The team’s main activities are to raise awareness about malaria prevention, provide protective items, and find out people who might have malaria and then transport them to healthcare facilities for testing.(团队的主要活动是提高人们对疟疾预防的认识，提供防护用品，以及找出可能患有疟疾的人，然后将他们送往医疗保健设施进行检测)”可知，教育人们预防疟疾是社区疟疾行动小组的使命之一。故选B。 31．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“After that, I was determined to help reduce sickness and deaths from malaria in my community.(在那之后，我下定决心要帮助减少我们社区因疟疾导致的疾病和死亡)”、第三段“Hiao Khanh and his team need to use motorbikes to reach different parts of the community to help protect people from malaria.(Hiao Khanh和他的团队需要骑摩托车到达社区的不同地方，帮助人们预防疟疾)”以及最后一段““Just a ‘thank you’ from the people is enough to give me strength to continue this job to reduce malaria in my homeland,” said Hiao Khanh.(“只要人们说一句‘谢谢’，就足以给我力量，让我继续这份工作，在我的家乡减少疟疾，”Hiao Khanh说)”可知，Hiao Khanh自从自己患过疟疾后，就开始积极参与疟疾的预防和控制工作。文章提到他“从疟疾中康复后，便开始从事疟疾的预防和控制工作”，并且他“参与了社区的疟疾行动小组，并经常走访村民，教育他们如何预防疟疾”，这些行为表明了他对抗击疟疾的投入和坚定。故选A。 Passage 9 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期中）Many factors can influence whether a patient lives or dies. However, in data from different countries, patients seen by female doctors seem to do better than those seen by male ones. In 2017, Yusuke Tsugawa of Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues in Boston analyzed the medical records of around 1.5 million older adults who had been in hospital in America between 2011 and 2014. They found that patients whose treatment had been performed by a female doctor were about 4% less likely to die than those whose treatment doctor was a man. One disadvantage with the study is that it is retrospective, looking back at naturally occurring data rather than random experiments. This could cover any factors which might be really driving the effect, says Gavin Stewart, an expert at Newcastle University. It could be that female doctors tend to be responsible for healthier patients than their male colleagues. In an experiment where patients were randomly distributed among doctors, female doctors seem to do better. Researchers say the next step is to work out why. “I don’ t think it’s the presence or absence of a Y chromosome (染色体),” says Dr Christopher Wallis, “I think it’s a series of behaviours that are linked with gender.” Past research has found that female doctors tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care and tend to stick more closely to guidelines than their male colleagues do. This could reduce the risk of deaths. Understanding why such difference in care will help all doctors improve their practice. For all things that advanced medical equipment and new drugs can do, a physician’s judgement seems to be as important. 32．In which way was the study in 2017 conducted? A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods. C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses. 33．What does the underlined word “retrospective” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Critical. B．Backtracked. C．Dated. D．Accurate. 34．Which statement would Wallis probably agree with? A．Y chromosome determines gender differences. B．Gender difference in care has different effects. C．Female doctors are always assigned with healthier patients. D．Male doctors could reduce the potential risk of deaths. 35．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．A doctor’s judgement is as important as other factors. B．Gender difference can’t help improve doctors’ treatment. C．We should notice gender difference in doctors’ treatment. D．We could use doctors’ judgement to improve his treatment. 【答案】32．B 33．B 34．B 35．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究发现，女医生看的病人似乎比男医生看的病人做得更好。解释了背后的原因。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2017, Yusuke Tsugawa of Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues in Boston analyzed the medical records of around 1.5million older adults who had been in hospital in America between 2011 and 2014. They found that patients whose treatment had been performed by a female doctor were about 4% less likely to die than those whose treatment doctor was a man.(2017年，哈佛医学院的津川佑介和他在波士顿的同事分析了2011年至2014年在美国住院的约150万老年人的医疗记录。他们发现，接受女医生治疗的患者的死亡率比接受男医生治疗的患者低4%左右)”可知，2017年的研究是通过统计方法进行的。故选B。 33．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“looking back at naturally occurring data rather than random experiments(回顾自然发生的数据，而不是随机实验)”可知，这项实验回顾自然发生的数据，而不是随机实验。故划线词意思是“回顾性的”。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““I don’ t think it’s the presence or absence of a Y chromosome (染色体),” says Dr Christopher Wallis, “I think it’s a series of behaviours that are linked with gender. (克里斯托弗·沃利斯博士说：“我不认为这是Y染色体的存在与否，我认为这是与性别有关的一系列行为。”过去的研究发现，女医生往往花更多的时间与病人在一起，更有可能提供预防性护理，而且往往比男同事更严格地遵守指导方针。这可以降低死亡风险)”推知，沃利斯认为性别差异对护理有不同的影响。故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Understanding why such difference in care will help all doctors improve their practice. For all things that advanced medical equipment and new drugs can do, a physician’s judgement seems to be as important.(了解这种护理差异的原因将有助于所有医生提高他们的实践水平。对于先进的医疗设备和新药所能做的所有事情，医生的判断似乎同样重要)”可知，医生的判断和其他因素一样重要。故选A。 Passage 10 （24-25高二上·江苏泰州·期中）Over the past decades, people who suffer from depression are often treated with medical treatment and talk therapy. However, according to some researches, these methods don’t work for everyone. Fortunately, there is another treatment available: transcranial magnetic stimulation or TMS, which uses magnets to stimulate regions of the brain. TMS treatments are given according to a specific schedule, including twenty to thirty sessions over a period of six weeks. During each forty- minute treatment session, a trained physician places a device on the left side of the person’s head. This device sends out magnetic pulses into the area of the brain that is involved in mood control. After completing the treatment, a person’s depression may be reduced or completely disappear. Scientists are also studying the use of TMS in the treatment of memory loss, especially in older adults. As individuals age, they tend to have more and more difficulty remembering recent events or information they have recently been exposed to. This occurs because a small area of the brain breaks down with age. To find out whether this process can be slowed, researchers at Northwestern University put together two groups of volunteers. One consisted of older adults aged 64 to 80 while the other was composed of younger adults in their 20s and 30s. Both groups were first assigned a memory task, then their performances were scored. On average, the older group scored 40 percent. Meanwhile, the younger group did better, achieving an average score of 55 percent. Next, the older adults were treated with TMS for five days in a row. After that, they were allowed to rest for a day before they were given a new memory test. In this case, the average score was better. In fact, it equaled the younger group’s score on the original test, proving that TMS had stimulated the older adults’ brains and improved their memory. 36．What is TMS used to treat in Paragraph 2? A．Arm and leg wounds. B．Severe heart diseases. C．A mental condition. D．The common cold. 37．What can we learn about TMS treatment? A．It requires the use of special equipment. B．It causes pain in sensitive parts of the body. C．It’s mainly been tried out on youngsters. D．It was approved by governments long ago. 38．How does the researchers make the conclusion? A．By analyzing the basis of a theory. B．By questioning a traditional concept. C．By emphasizing a study’s limitations. D．By comparing the results of an experiment. 39．Which magazine would this passage most likely appear? A．New Directions in Outdoor Recreation B．Technological Advances in Patient Care C．European Journal of Social Science D．Characteristics of Successful Organizations 【答案】36．C 37．A 38．D 39．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种新的物理治疗抑郁症和老年人记忆损失的方法——经颅磁刺激（TMS），它能更有效的战胜抑郁症。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fortunately, there is another treatment available: transcranial magnetic stimulation or TMS, which uses magnets to stimulate regions of the brain. TMS treatments are given according to a specific schedule, including twenty to thirty sessions over a period of six weeks. During each forty- minute treatment session, a trained physician places a device on the left side of the person’s head. This device sends out magnetic pulses into the area of the brain that is involved in mood control. After completing the treatment, a person’s depression may be reduced or completely disappear.(幸运的是，还有另一种治疗方法：经颅磁刺激（TMS），即用磁铁刺激大脑的某些区域。经颅磁刺激治疗是根据特定的时间表进行的，包括在六周内进行20到30次治疗。在每40分钟的治疗过程中，一名训练有素的医生将一个装置放在患者头部的左侧。这种装置向大脑中控制情绪的区域发射磁脉冲。在完成治疗后，一个人的抑郁症可能会减轻或完全消失)”可知，经颅磁刺激(TMS)被用来治疗一种抑郁的精神状态。故选C。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段“During each forty- minute treatment session, a trained physician places a device on the left side of the person’s head. This device sends out magnetic pulses into the area of the brain that is involved in mood control. (在每40分钟的治疗过程中，一名训练有素的医生将一个装置放在患者头部的左侧。这种装置向大脑中控制情绪的区域发射磁脉冲)”可知，经颅磁刺激需要使用特殊的设备。故选A。 38．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Both groups were first assigned a memory task, then their performances were scored. On average, the older group scored 40 percent. Meanwhile, the younger group did better, achieving an average score of 55 percent. Next, the older adults were treated with TMS for five days in a row. After that, they were allowed to rest for a day before they were given a new memory test. In this case, the average score was better. In fact, it equaled the younger group’s score on the original test, proving that TMS had stimulated the older adults’ brains and improved their memory.(两组人首先被分配了一个记忆任务，然后对他们的表现进行评分。老年人的平均得分为40%。与此同时，年轻的一组表现更好，平均得分为55%。接下来，老年人接受连续5天的经颅磁刺激治疗。之后，他们被允许休息一天，然后进行新的记忆测试。在这种情况下，平均分数更好。事实上，它与年轻组在最初测试中的得分相当，证明经颅磁刺激刺激了老年人的大脑并改善了他们的记忆力)”可知，研究人员是通过比较实验结果得出结论。故选D。 39．推理判断题。根据第二段“Fortunately, there is another treatment available: transcranial magnetic stimulation or TMS, which uses magnets to stimulate regions of the brain. (幸运的是，还有另一种治疗方法：经颅磁刺激（TMS），即用磁铁刺激大脑的某些区域)”可知，本文介绍了一种新的更有效的物理治疗抑郁症和老年人记忆损失的方法——经颅磁刺激（TMS），所以这篇文章可能出自Technological Advances in Patient Care《病人护理的技术进步》。故选B。 Passage 11 If a patient knew their doctor was going to give them bad information during an upcoming appointment, they’d cancel immediately. Generative AI models such as ChatGPT, however, frequently make stuff up to cheat our eyes. So why would anyone want to use an AI for medical purposes? Here’s the optimistic scenario (设想): not only do AI tools get trained on medical literature, but they also scan patient records and smart watch data. Then, they produce personalized tips to each user, accurate enough to be helpful. The dystopian version: governments, insurance companies, and the medical enterprises push immature AI to cut costs, leaving patients desperate for medical care from clinicians. Right now, it’s easy to imagine things going wrong, especially because AI has already been accused of offering harmful advice online. “ChatGPT and other large language models are very confident, they express themselves clearly, and they’re very often wrong,” says Mark Dredze, a professor at Johns Hopkins University. Still, he is optimistic. ChatGPT already gives advice that’s comparable to the recommendations physicians offer online, his newly published research has found. And future generative models might complement (完善) trips to the doctor, rather than replacing consults entirely. They could help explain treatments and conditions, such as preventing misunderstandings due to language barriers. In a more promising future, AI systems would combine multiple data sources. Using photos, patient records, information from wearable sensors, and more, they could deliver good care anywhere to anyone. As medical AI develops, the industry must keep growing amounts of patient data secure. But many hospitals already sell sensitive patient data to tech companies. Someone suggests that that information be added to national data sets to improve medical AI models. Additionally, the government could review the accuracy of AI tools used by hospitals and medical groups and cut off valuable funding for substandard software. Doctors shouldn’t just be handed AI tools, either, they should receive extensive training on how to use them. It’s easy to see how Al companies might trick organizations and patients into signing up for services that can’t be trusted. Lawmakers, heal the are providers and tech companies need to move ahead with caution (谨慎). Lives depend on it. 40．What does the underlined word “dystopian” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Uplifting. B．Practical. C．Advanced. D．Discouraging. 41．What might be the current view on AI in medical fields? A．It can provide accurate suggestions. B．AI will adapt and replace doctors. C．Patients are eager for AI treatment. D．There is still a long way for AI to go. 42．According to Mark Dredze, what can AI possibly help do? A．Prevent illnesses. B．Improve communication. C．Assess doctors. D．Check recommendations. 43．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．The development of AI is too fast for human control. B．It is highly irresponsible to introduce AI to medicine. C．Promoting AI-aid medical checkups is as easy as pie. D．The application of AI to medicine is worth joint efforts. 【答案】40．D 41．D 42．B 43．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“为什么还会有人想在医疗领域使用AI”这一主题展开，通过提出乐观和悲观的设想、引用专家观点、分析医疗AI发展面临的挑战以及提出解决方案等方式，对医疗AI的利弊进行了深入分析和讨论。 40．词义猜测题。根据上文“Here’s the optimistic scenario (设想): not only do AI tools get trained on medical literature, but they also scan patient records and smart watch data.(这里有一种乐观的设想：AI工具不仅接受过医学文献的训练，还能扫描病人记录和智能手表数据。)”以及划线单词所在句“The dystopian version: governments, insurance companies, and the medical enterprises push immature AI to cut costs, leaving patients desperate for medical care from clinicians.(而……版本的设想是：政府、保险公司和医疗企业推动使用不成熟的人工智能来降低成本，导致病人无法得到临床医生提供的医疗护理，陷入绝望。)”可推测，划线单词的意思应该与“令人沮丧的”意思相近。选项D“discouraging”，意为“令人沮丧的”与此相符。故选D。 41．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““ChatGPT and other large language models are very confident, they express themselves clearly, and they’re very often wrong,” says Mark Dredze, a professor at Johns Hopkins University. Still, he is optimistic. ChatGPT already gives advice that’s comparable to the recommendations physicians offer online, his newly published research has found. And future generative models might complement(完善)trips to the doctor, rather than replacing consults entirely.(“ChatGPT和其他大型语言模型非常自信，表达清晰，但它们经常出错，”约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的教授Mark Dredze说。尽管如此，他仍持乐观态度。他的最新研究发现，ChatGPT已经能够提供与医生在网上提供的建议相当的建议。未来的生成式模型可能会辅助医生就诊，而不是完全取代咨询。)”可知，ChatGPT提供的建议与医生在线提供的建议相当，而未来的生成式模型可能会辅助医生就诊，而不是完全取代咨询。这也说明AI目前还不能完全替代医生。由此可知，AI还有很长的路要走。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ChatGPT already gives advice that’s comparable to the recommendations physicians offer online, his newly published research has found. And future generative models might complement(完善)trips to the doctor, rather than replacing consults entirely. They could help explain treatments and conditions, such as preventing misunderstandings due to language barriers.(他的最新研究发现，ChatGPT已经能够提供与医生在网上提供的建议相当的建议。未来的生成式模型可能会辅助医生就诊，而不是完全取代咨询。它们可以帮助解释治疗方案和病情，比如避免因语言障碍而产生的误解。)”可知，AI可以辅助解释医疗信息和状况，有助于改善医生和患者之间的沟通。故选B。 43．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章第二段描述了AI在医学领域可能存在的两个极端情况，即理想情况下AI可以为患者提供个性化的、足够准确的建议，而不好的情况下AI可能被不成熟地应用，给患者带来问题。第三段引用了Mark Dredze的话，提到AI可能有助于改善沟通，减少误解。第四段则提到随着医疗AI的发展，需要确保患者数据的安全，同时提出了一些措施，如将患者信息添加到国家数据集、政府审查AI工具的准确性、医生接受培训等。最后一段提到AI公司可能会欺骗组织和患者，因此立法者、医疗保健提供者和科技公司需要谨慎行事。因此，可以推断出作者认为将AI应用于医学是值得共同努力的，但需要谨慎行事并采取措施确保安全和准确性。故选D。 Passage 12 （24-25高二上·山东潍坊·期中）A 25-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病) started producing her own insulin (胰岛素) less than three months after receiving a transplant of reprogrammed stem cells. She is the first person with the disease to be treated using cells from her own body. “I can eat sugar now,” said the woman, who lives in Tianjin, on a call with Nature. It has been more than a year since the transplant, and, she says , “I enjoy eating everything —especially hotpot.” James Shapiro, a transplant doctor and researcher at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, says the results of the operation are astonishing. “They’ve greatly improved the health of the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.” The study, published in Cell today, follows results from a separate group in Shanghai, China, who reported in April that they had successfully transplanted insulin-producing islets (胰岛) into a 59-year-old man with type 2 diabetes. The islets were also obtained from reprogrammed stem cells taken from the man’s own body and he has since stopped taking insulin. The studies are among a handful of pioneering trials using stem cells to treat diabetes, which affects close to half a billion people worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes, in which the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or its ability to use the hormone decreases. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks islet cells in the pancreas (胰腺). Islet transplants can treat the disease, but there aren’t enough donors to meet the growing demand, and receivers must use anti-rejection medicines to prevent the body from rejecting the donor tissue. Stem cells can be used to grow any tissue in the body and can be cultured indefinitely in the laboratory, which means they potentially offer a limitless source of pancreatic tissue. By using tissue made from a person’s own cells, researchers also hope to avoid the need for anti-rejection medicines. 44．What can we learn about the transplant from the first two paragraphs? A．It is widely adopted. B．It has bettered the woman’s condition. C．It improves the function of insulin. D．It has changed the woman’s eating preferences. 45．What is the writing purpose of paragraph 4? A．To show the potential dangers of diabetes. B．To analyze the impact of stem cells transplant. C．To stress the necessity of stem cells transplant. D．To compare the symptoms of two types of diabetes. 46．Why does the author mention “donors” and “receivers” in paragraph 5? A．To predict the effect of diabetes treatment. B．To explain the drawbacks of islet transplants. C．To present people’s attitude to islet transplants. D．To conclude a new method of diabetes treatment. 47．Why are the stem cells taken from the patient’s own body? A．To make the process easy. B．To relieve the patient’s pain. C．To save the patient’s money. D．To prevent transplant rejection. 【答案】44．B 45．C 46．B 47．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项使用重编程干细胞治疗1型糖尿病的研究，以及这种治疗方法的潜在优势和挑战。 44．细节理解题。根据文章第一段““I can eat sugar now,” said the woman, who lives in Tianjin, on a call with Nature.(“我现在可以吃糖了，”这位居住在天津的女士在接受《自然》（Nature）杂志的电话采访时说道。)”和文章第二段““They’ve greatly improved the health of the patient, who was requiring substantial amounts of insulin beforehand.”(病人的健康状况大大改善，之前她需要大量胰岛素。)”可知，移植手术改善了这位女士的病情。故选B。 45．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The studies are among a handful of pioneering trials using stem cells to treat diabetes, which affects close to half a billion people worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes, in which the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or its ability to use the hormone decreases. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks islet cells in the pancreas (胰腺).(这些研究是少数使用干细胞治疗糖尿病的开创性试验之一，糖尿病在全球影响着近5亿人。其中大多数患有2型糖尿病，即身体无法产生足够的胰岛素或利用胰岛素的能力下降。而在1型糖尿病中，免疫系统会攻击胰腺中的胰岛细胞。)”可知，第四段的写作目的是为了强调干细胞移植的必要性。故选C。 46．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Islet transplants can treat the disease, but there aren’t enough donors to meet the growing demand, and receivers must use anti-rejection medicines to prevent the body from rejecting the donor tissue.(胰岛移植可以治疗这种疾病，但供体不足以满足日益增长的需求，受体必须使用抗排斥药物来防止身体排斥供体组织。)”可知，作者提到“供体”和“受体”是为了解释胰岛移植的缺点，即供体不足和受体必须使用抗排斥药物。故选B。 47．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“By using tissue made from a person’s own cells, researchers also hope to avoid the need for anti-rejection medicines.(通过使用由患者自身细胞制成的组织，研究人员希望避免使用抗排斥药物)”可知，干细胞是从病人自己的体内取出是为了防止移植排斥。故选D。 Passage 13 （24-25高二上·江西新余·期中）One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease b exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress in their work. However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U. S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky a few years ago are now performed every day in U. S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery. Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary — because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100,000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year. 48．What effect has modern technology had on medicine? A．It has reduced the costs of medical treatment. B．It hasn’t helped save any patients. C．It has encouraged doctors to do more heart surgery. D．It has helped educate people about the prevention of heart disease. 49．What does the underlined word “recover” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Boost. B．Spring up. C．Get back. D．Pick up 50．The author would agree that ______. A．more money should be spent on the prevention of heart disease B．heart surgery has helped most patients improve their conditions C．modern technology has made heart surgery more risky than before D．the public have known a great deal about the causes of heart disease 51．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Greatest Killer in the West B．Heart Disease: Treat or Prevent? C．Old Technology and Heart Surgery D．Heart Surgery: Merits 【答案】48．C 49．C 50．A 51．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了西方国家心脏病的问题，包括其高死亡率、预防措施的不足以及现代技术对心脏病治疗的影响，同时指出了过分强调手术治疗存在的弊端。 48．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This emphasis on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky a few years ago are now performed every day in U. S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery.(这种对治疗的重视显然与过去10到15年发生的技术进步有关。在这段时间里，现代技术使医生能够开发出新的手术技术。许多几年前被认为是不可能或太危险的手术现在每天都在美国的医院里进行。结果是心脏手术的数量大幅增加)”可知，现代技术使得医生能够开发新的手术技术，从而导致了心脏手术数量的巨大增加。因此，现代技术对医学的影响是鼓励医生进行更多的心脏手术。故选C项。 49．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent.(在医院购买了现代心脏手术所需的昂贵设备后，他们必须设法recover所花费的钱)”和下文“To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment.(为了做到这一点，他们提高了所有病人的费用，而不仅仅是那些治疗需要设备的病人)”可知，医院提高了所有病人的费用是为了“赚回”购买昂贵设备所花费的钱，即“get back”。故选C项。 50．推理判断题。根据第三段中“First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention.(首先，它使人们的兴趣和资金从预防问题上转移开)”以及整段内容对手术治疗弊端的讨论可知，作者认为当前过分强调手术治疗而忽视了预防，因此可以推断出作者会同意“应该在预防心脏病上投入更多的资金”这一观点。故选A项。 51．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了心脏病作为西方国家的主要杀手，其预防措施的不足以及现代技术对心脏病治疗的影响，同时指出了过分强调手术治疗存在的弊端。因此，文章的核心议题是心脏病的治疗与预防之间的关系。B项“Heart Disease: Treat or Prevent?(心脏病：治疗还是预防？)”最能概括文章主旨，作为标题最合适。A项“The Greatest Killer in the West(西方最大的杀手)”只涉及了文章的部分内容，没有涵盖治疗与预防的讨论；C项“Old Technology and Heart Surgery(旧技术和心脏手术)”与文章内容不符，因为文章讨论的是现代技术对心脏手术的影响；D项“Heart Surgery: Merits(心脏手术：优点)”只涉及了手术治疗的一方面，没有涵盖预防的重要性。故选B项。 Passage 14 （24-25高二上·广东清远·期中）Louis Pasteur was a world-famous French chemist and biologist. He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva (唾液) entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissue of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种). On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and in the end Joseph recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment. On March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world. Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint-Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the lab is safer and requires a shorter course of injections. 52．Rabies probably can destroy a person’s ________. A．nervous system B．blood C．skin D．saliva 53．What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man? A．It didn’t save the man’s life. B．The man was his second patient. C．It proved to be a great success. D．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later. 54．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date. B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients. C．Injections of vaccine still take much time. D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine. 55．What’s the text mainly about? A．The treatment for rabies. B．The introduction to rabies vaccine. C．An analysis of the cause of rabies. D．Pasteur’s devotion to rabies vaccine. 【答案】52．A 53．C 54．D 55．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了路易·巴斯德发明狂犬病疫苗的过程及其影响。 52．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body.(经过对患病动物唾液的实验，巴斯德得出结论，这种疾病存在于身体的中枢神经系统中)”可知，狂犬病可能会破坏人的神经系统。故选A。 53．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog.(他救了一位名叫约瑟夫·梅斯特的年轻人，这位年轻人被一只狂犬咬伤)”和“The treatment lasted 10 days and in the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment.(治疗持续了10天，最终他康复并且保持健康。自那以后，数千人的生命因此得以挽救)”可知，巴斯德的疫苗测试取得了巨大成功。故选C。 54．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.(巴斯德方法的改进版本至今仍在狂犬病治疗中使用。一种更新的疫苗含有从实验室培养的人类细胞中提取的病毒，更加安全且所需的注射次数较少)”可推知，狂犬病疫苗已经有了很大的改进。故选D。 55．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗).(他尤其以狂犬病疫苗的工作而闻名)”和文章最后一段“Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains the virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.(巴斯德方法的改进版本至今仍在狂犬病治疗中使用。一种更新的疫苗含有从实验室培养的人类细胞中提取的病毒，更加安全且所需的注射次数较少)”可知，文章主要围绕路易·巴斯德为狂犬病疫苗所作出的奉献来展开。故选D。 Passage 15 （24-25高二上·河北张家口·期中）Every Monday through Friday, you may be running between work, appointments and family events — can’t the workout wait until the weekend? Maybe, according to a new report published in the journal JAMA, which found that people who exercised throughout the week and “weekend warriors”, who packed their exercise into the weekend, saw a similar reduction in the risk of heart diseases. The paper relied on data from the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database that follows residents in the long term. “A group of more than 1000,000 people used accelerometers (加速度计) to track their movement over the course of a week,” the study said. Researchers then assessed the relationship between exercise patterns and events of the heart. Adults need at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity per week, according to The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. “If you are able to achieve those guideline-recommended levels over one to two days of the week, then our findings show you’re getting a similar benefit as people who exercise every day,” said lead study author Dr Shaan Khurshid, instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Dr Andrew Freeman from National Jewish Health in Denver, who was not part of the research, often recommends his patients aim to exercise every day, encouraging them to engage in 30-minute exercise that’s hard enough to make them breathless. Still, there are patients who tell Freeman that they can only get a day or two of activity during the week but have more time on the weekend. Now the recent study gives him more confidence in helping them make that work. “This is at least inspiring enough for me to say to some patients, ‘Hey, there’s recent data that says if you can’t get your 30 minutes every day, getting 150 minutes over a weekend might be helpful,’” said Freeman. 56．What is the main finding of the new research? A．Exercising on weekends is more beneficial. B．Most people prefer to exercise on weekdays. C．Regular daily exercise is essential for heart health. D．Weekend exercise has benefits similar to daily exercise. 57．How did the researchers get their findings? A．By observing people’s exercise habits. B．By conducting interviews with patients. C．By reviewing residents’ medical records. D．By analyzing data from wearable devices. 58．How long is the recommended weekly duration for moderate-intensity exercise for adults? A．At least 30 minutes. B．At least 100 minutes. C．At least 150 minutes. D．At least 180 minutes. 59．What is Dr Andrew Freeman’s attitude towards the new study? A．Positive. B．Opposed. C．Critical. D．Indifferent. 【答案】56．D 57．D 58．C 59．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现，一周都锻炼的人和集中在周末锻炼的人在降低心脏病风险方面取得的效果相似。 56．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Maybe, according to a new report published in the journal JAMA, which found that people who exercised throughout the week and “weekend warriors”, who packed their exercise into the weekend, saw a similar reduction in the risk of heart diseases. (根据发表在《美国医学会杂志》上的一份新报告，可能是这样的。该报告发现，那些一周都在锻炼的人和把锻炼安排在周末的“周末战士”患心脏病的风险降低的程度相似)”可知，这项新研究的主要发现是，周末锻炼的好处与日常锻炼相似。故选D项。 57．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The paper relied on data from the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database that follows residents in the long term. “A group of more than 1000,000 people used accelerometers (加速度计) to track their movement over the course of a week,” the study said. (这篇论文依赖于英国生物样本库的数据，这是一个长期跟踪居民的大型生物医学数据库。研究称：“有超过10万人使用加速度计来跟踪他们一周的活动。”)”可知，研究人员通过分析英国生物样本库收集的可穿戴设备的数据得到了发现。故选D项。 58．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Adults need at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度) physical activity per week, according to The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. (根据《美国人体育活动指南》，成年人每周至少需要150分钟中等强度的体育活动)”可知，成年人每周中等强度运动的建议时长为至少150分钟。故选C项。 59．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Freeman所说的话“This is at least inspiring enough for me to say to some patients, ‘Hey, there’s recent data that says if you can’t get your 30 minutes every day, getting 150 minutes over a weekend might be helpful,’ (这至少足以让我对一些病人说，‘嘿，最近的数据显示，如果你不能每天锻炼30分钟，周末锻炼150分钟可能会有帮助’)”可知，这项新研究让他更有信心帮助那些很难在工作日完成锻炼的病人。这表明他对新研究持积极的态度。故选A项。 Ⅱ阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries. 1 It was a device developed by two former fellows with the Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign. This foot-operated resuscitator (呼吸机) was designed for clinicians who often must work alone when a newborn struggles to take a first breath. 2 When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs. But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag. 3 Avijit Bansal, MD, a pulmonologist from India, was well aware of this earlier. In 2011, he met a like-minded researcher and they began work on a solution. As the article notes: They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator. 4 With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently. The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali. 5 A．It is helping save lives, and people are taking notice. B．That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe. C．We have created a new way of performing an age-old procedure. D．Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina. E．Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences. F．In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple. G．It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．E 4．G 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种创新的医疗设备——脚动呼吸机（NeoBreathe）。 1．根据上文“It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries.(当得知一个医疗问题在美国已经得到了很大程度的解决，但仍在困扰中低收入国家时，总是令人心碎。)”可知，上文提到在美国已经很大程度上解决了的医疗问题在低收入和中等收入国家仍然是一个问题，因此空处应该提到一个解决这个问题的新发明或方法。下文中的“a device”指代B项中的“the NeoBreathe”。B项：That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe.(这就是为什么了解NeoBreathe鼓舞人心。)符合语境。故选B。 2．根据下文“When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs.(当新生儿呼吸困难时，一个临床医生把一个呼吸面罩放在婴儿的脸上，而另一个人挤压通气袋，将空气推入婴儿的肺部。)”可知，上文描述在美国处理新生儿呼吸困难这种情况的方式，所以空格处应该是一个引入话题的句子。F项：In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple.(在美国，挽救一个患有出生窒息症的婴儿相对简单。)符合语境。故选F。 3．根据上文“But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag.(但在印度等人员更为有限的中低收入国家，复苏并非那么简单。个别临床医生通常单独救活婴儿，用一只手做粘颚、抬下巴和靠脖子三个动作，将呼吸面罩封在婴儿嘴巴周围，用另一只手挤压袋子。)”可知，在一些中低收入国家，没有助手的帮助进行复苏这种操作可能会产生不良后果。E项：Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences.(在没有帮助的情况下执行此程序可能会产生不良后果。)符合语境。故选E。 4．根据上文“They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator.(他们开发了NeoBreathe，一个脚动复苏器。)”和下文“With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently.(有了空闲的手，操作员可以更有效地进行多任务处理。)”可知，空处说明NeoBreathe的优点。下文中的“With the freed hand”和G项中的“It frees one of the operator’s hands”对应。G项：It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation.(它解放了操作人员的一只手，减少了漏风，显著改善了通风。)符合语境。故选G。 5．根据上文“The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali.(该设备目前在印度的大多数州以及肯尼亚、南非、尼日利亚和马里使用。)”可知，空处承接上文，提出更多的国家计划引入这种技术。D项：Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina.(此外，秘鲁、智利和阿根廷也计划引入这种技术。)符合语境。故选D。 Passage 2 Accidents happen, especially when kids are in the house, and being prepared with a first-aid kit is always a great idea. 6 Having a first-aid kit on hand for your child will help put your mind at ease and let you and your family worry less when injuries occur. Making your own first-aid kit ensures your kit has everything your child could need in an emergency. Decide on the right size for the kit. Consider how and when the kit will most likely be used and where it will be stored. 7 A manageable size for a container that would still be able to contain the necessary items for your kid is a case the size of a shoebox. 8 First-aid kits can come in a variety of sizes and are built from a variety of materials. Choosing the right material for your first-aid kit should again be based on how the kit will be used by your child. Make sure the container can be locked. When the kit is not in use, you want to make sure that the contents of the first-aid kit are unable to be changed by any younger children in the house who aren’t mature enough to use the kit. 9 Label the box as a children’s first-aid kit. The kit should be labeled clearly as a first-aid kit for kids. 10 You should also paint or attach a symbol to show that it should be used for first aid. A．Choose the appropriate container material. B．Also, consider the age of your child and what they can carry. C．A lock will ensure that the kit does not open easily when not used. D．Look for a waterproof container so that none of the items inside get damaged. E．Using a bright label will make the kit stand out within a crowded locker or cabinet. F．Don’t teach your child to use the kit until you think they’re ready to use it responsibly. G．Teaching your children how to use the kit will help enable them to care for themselves. 【答案】6．G 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章对如何制作自己家孩子的急救箱进行了介绍。 6．根据后文“Having a first-aid kit on hand for your child will help put your mind at ease and let you and your family worry less when injuries occur. Making your own first-aid kit ensures your kit has everything your child could need in an emergency.(为你的孩子准备一个急救箱可以帮助你放松心情，让你和你的家人在受伤时少担心。制作自己的急救箱，确保你的急救箱里有孩子在紧急情况下可能需要的一切)”可知，此处是指教会孩子使用急救箱，所以选项G“教你的孩子如何使用这个工具将有助于他们照顾自己。”切合文意。故选G。 7．根据后文“A manageable size for a container that would still be able to contain the necessary items for your kid is a case the size of a shoebox.(一个易于管理的还能够容纳孩子必要的物品的容器是一个鞋盒大小的箱子)”可知，此处是指要根据孩子的年龄和携带能力来考虑要装进去的必需品，所以选项B“此外，要考虑孩子的年龄和他们能携带的东西。”引出下文，切合文意。故选B。 8．根据后文“First-aid kits can come in a variety of sizes and are built from a variety of materials. Choosing the right material for your first-aid kit should again be based on how the kit will be used by your child.(急救箱可以有各种尺寸，由各种材料制成。为你的急救箱选择合适的材料应该再次基于你的孩子将如何使用急救箱)”可知，急救箱由不同材料制成，空处是指选择合适材质的急救箱，所以选项A“选择合适的容器材料。”切合文意。故选A。 9．根据小标题“Make sure the container can be locked.(确保容器可以上锁)”和前文“When the kit is not in use, you want to make sure that the contents of the first-aid kit are unable to be changed by any younger children in the house who aren’t mature enough to use the kit.(当急救箱不使用时，你要确保急救箱里的东西不会被家里任何年龄较小的孩子改变，因为他们还没有成熟到可以使用急救箱)”可知，此处是指要将急救箱上锁，以便于防止孩子乱翻急救箱，所以选项C“锁将确保工具箱在不使用时不会轻易打开。”承接上文，进一步说明急救箱要上锁，并且不会轻易打开，切合文意。故选C。 10．根据前文“The kit should be labeled clearly as a first-aid kit for kids.(急救箱上应该清楚地标明是儿童急救箱)”可知，此处是讲标签的作用，选项E中label是关键词，选项E“使用明亮的标签将使工具包在拥挤的储物柜或橱柜中脱颖而出。”承接上文，切合文意。故选E。 Passage 3 How to Create a Home First Aid Kit Emergencies can happen anytime, anywhere, so having a properly stocked first aid kit in your home is an easy but essential part of good emergency preparation. Here are some useful tips for you to personalize your own first aid kit. Pick a good container. You can buy pre-filled first aid kits, and you can also buy empty first aid kit containers. 11 One good choice is a large, water-resistant, flexible plastic container with either a zipper (拉链) closure or a lid. Lunchboxes are also another good option. 12 When your child is crying about a wound on her knee, you don't want your home kit buried on the back of a closet. Establish a clearly-defined, consistent spot for your first aid kit, on a visible closet shelf, for instance, and inform everyone in your home of its location. Teach your family about the kit. 13 For younger children who shouldn’t try to use the items in the kit, teach them where it is located, so they could show a visitor, relative, babysitter, etc. For older children and adults, instruct them on when to retrieve (收回) the kit and how to use the various items in it. Keep your kit up-to-date. No one wants to fetch a first aid kit and find the bandage box empty or the painkillers expired. 14 You’ve probably heard that you should check the batteries in your smoke detectors. This would also be a good opportunity to check the status of your first aid kit and restock it as needed. Create a checklist to include with the kit. Stock your first aid kit and record every item on a sheet of paper you can keep it in the kit. Record amounts and expiration dates next to the listed items on the checklist you include in your kit. 15 A．Make sure anyone who retrieves the kit knows what it includes and does not include. B．Make sure everyone in your home knows the location of the kit and when to retrieve it. C．Make your kit safely accessible. D．But you almost already have a perfectly good first aid kit container in your home. E．Keep track of supply amounts and expiration dates regularly. F．Make your kit clearly recognizable. G．Or you can buy a first aid kit in the store. 【答案】11．D 12．C 13．B 14．E 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有用的建议，以帮助我们设计一款个性化的家庭急救箱。 11．根据空后的“One good choice is a large, water-resistant, flexible plastic container with either a zipper (拉链) closure or a lid. Lunchboxes are also another good option.(一个好的选择是一个大的，防水的，有拉链封闭或盖子的柔性塑料容器。午餐盒也是一个不错的选择)”可知，家中就有现成的容器。选项D“But you almost already have a perfectly good first aid kit container in your home.(但是你家里几乎已经有一个非常好的急救箱了)”与下文内容一致，指的是其实家中就有很好的容器可以用来做一个好的急救箱。故选D。 12．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文的“When your child is crying about a wound on her knee, you don't want your home kit buried on the back of a closet. Establish a clearly-defined, consistent spot for your first aid kit, on a visible closet shelf, for instance, and inform everyone in your home of its location.(当你的孩子因为膝盖上的伤口而哭泣时，你不会希望你的家庭用具被埋在壁橱的后面。为你的急救箱建立一个清晰、一致的位置，比如在一个看得见的壁橱架子上，并告诉家里的每个人它的位置)”可知，本段主要讲述的是要确保急救箱随时都可以被使用。选项C“Make your kit safely accessible.(确保你的急救箱可以安全使用)”正是本段主要内容。故选C。 13．根据段首句“Teach your family about the kit.(向你的家人介绍这个工具包)”可知，本段主要讲述的是要让家人了解这个急救箱。再根据空后的“For younger children who shouldn’t try to use the items in the kit, teach them where it is located, so they could show a visitor, relative, babysitter, etc. For older children and adults, instruct them on when to retrieve (收回) the kit and how to use the various items in it.(对于不应该尝试使用急救箱中的物品的年幼的孩子，教他们急救箱的位置，这样他们就可以向访客，亲戚，保姆等展示。对于年龄较大的儿童和成人，指导他们何时收回急救箱以及如何使用其中的各种物品)”可知，下文讲述的是要让家人了解急救箱的位置以及何时收回急救箱等内容。选项B“Make sure everyone in your home knows the location of the kit and when to retrieve it.(确保家里的每个人都知道急救箱的位置以及何时收回它)”与下文内容相一致，即让年幼的孩子知道急救箱的位置，让年长的孩子和成年人了解何时收回急救箱。故选B。 14．根据空前内容“No one wants to fetch a first aid kit and find the bandage box empty or the painkillers expired.(没有人愿意去拿急救箱，却发现绷带盒空了，或者止痛药过期了)”可知，上文主要讲述的是要确保急救箱里的药物是充足的，有效没有过期的。选项E“Keep track of supply amounts and expiration dates regularly.(定期跟踪供应数量和截止日期)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是要定期跟踪供应数量和截止日期，从而保证药物充足，且没有过期。故选E。 15．根据上文内容“Create a checklist to include with the kit. Stock your first aid kit and record every item on a sheet of paper you can keep it in the kit. Record amounts and expiration dates next to the listed items on the checklist you include in your kit.(为急救箱中的物品创建一个清单。准备好你的急救箱，把每一件东西都记录在一张纸上，你可以把它放在急救箱里。在检查清单上列出的物品旁边记录数量和有效期)”可知，我们需要将急救箱中的物品创建一个清单。选项A“Make sure anyone who retrieves the kit knows what it includes and does not include.(确保任何取用工具包的人都知道急救箱中有什么，没有什么)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是通过创建清单的方式让人们知道急救箱中有什么东西。故选A。 Passage 4 If you get a cotton (棉花) ball out of a brand-new bottle of pills (药片), you may probably wonder what it is used for. This soft ball seemingly only blocks your way to your pills. Adding to the confusion, it’s not any kind of special object. It’s just a common cotton ball. Then what purpose could it possibly serve? 16 The first-ever cotton balls started showing up in pill bottles in the early 1900s. The medical company Bayer was the first one to add them. 17 It worried that the customers might end up taking too much or too little medicine due to the small pieces. Decades later, pill coatings made the cotton balls useless. The coatings on pills ensured they were no longer in danger of breaking apart in the bottle. Bayer itself actually stopped putting cotton balls in the bottles just decades ago. 18 Why? It had become a custom. According to a report, consumers expected to see the cotton balls there and most didn’t know they were useless. 19 They might be an annoyance, surely. But customers have been used to the cotton balls. Many have believed their pills are somehow safer or fresher because of them. 20 The cotton balls don’t preserve quality or freshness in any way. And in fact, they might have the opposite effect. It’s said that the cotton can actually draw moisture (潮气) into the bottle. Too much moisture could affect pills’ effect. A．Actually, the idea is not right. B．They’re out of place and harmful. C．Many other companies, though, still kept them in. D．The truth is that it used to have an important function. E．It was the first time that people had found the cotton balls’ secret. F．Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. G．It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. 【答案】16．D 17．G 18．C 19．F 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了药瓶中常常见到的棉球的由来和作用，以及随着药品发展，它仍然被保留下来的原因。 16．前文“This soft ball seemingly only blocks your way to your pills. Adding to the confusion, it’s not any kind of special object. It’s just a common cotton ball. Then what purpose could it possibly serve? (这个柔软的棉球似乎只会挡住你拿药的路。更令人困惑的是，它并不是什么特殊的东西。它只是一个普通的棉球。那它能起到什么作用呢)”引出人们对药片中棉球的作用的困惑，因此D项“The truth is that it used to have an important function. (事实是，它曾经有一个重要的功能)”符合语境，指出棉球曾经有重要的功能，承接前文，其中的function呼应前文的purpose。故选D。 17．前文“The first-ever cotton balls started showing up in pill bottles in the early 1900s. The medical company Bayer was the first one to add them. (20世纪初，第一批棉球开始装在药瓶里出现。医药公司拜耳是第一个添加它们的公司)”介绍棉球的首次使用，后文“It worried that the customers might end up taking too much or too little medicine due to the small pieces. (它担心，由于这些小药片，消费者最终可能会服用过多或过少的药物)”说明该公司的担心，因此G项“It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. (这样做是为了防止药片晃动和破裂)”符合语境，解释首次使用棉球的原因，承前启后，其中的It指代前文的Bayer，shaking around and potentially breaking和后文的the small pieces呼应。故选G。 18．前文“Bayer itself actually stopped putting cotton balls in the bottles just decades ago. (实际上，拜耳在几十年前就停止了将棉球装进瓶子里)”介绍拜耳停止使用棉球，后文“Why? It had become a custom. (为什么？这已成为一种习俗)”从习俗的角度对一个问题给出解释，因此C项“Many other companies, though, still kept them in. (然而，许多其他公司仍然保留了它们)”符合语境，介绍有些公司仍然使用棉球，和前文构成转折，引出后文的问题和解释，其中的them指代前文的cotton balls。故选C。 19．前文“According to a report, consumers expected to see the cotton balls there and most didn’t know they were useless. (根据一份报告，消费者期望在那里看到棉球，大多数人不知道它们是无用的)”指出消费者对棉球的期望心理，因此F项“Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. (此外，许多公司认为没有必要取消它们)”符合语境，指出许多公司认为不必取消棉球，是对前文的补充说明，其中的them指代前文的the cotton balls。故选F。 20．空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。根据后文“The cotton balls don’t preserve quality or freshness in any way. And in fact, they might have the opposite effect. (棉球无论如何都不能保持质量和新鲜度。事实上，它们可能会产生相反的效果)”说明棉球甚至不利于保持质量和新鲜度，因此A项“Actually, the idea is not right. (实际上，这个想法是不对的)”符合语境，和前一段的最后一句构成转折，契合段落内容。故选A。 Passage 5 Acupuncture (针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the solution for countless patients for thousands of years. 21 Over time, this natural practice gradually developed into a thorough and deep medical system, forming the basis of acupuncture. Acupuncture is a way to help the body recover itself by using thin needles in certain parts of the body. 22 Its medical ideas match traditional Chinese medicine’s philosophical beliefs. These beliefs focus on treating the whole person, keeping bodily functions balanced, and promoting good health. 23 They include needle insertion (针刺), cupping and scraping (刮痧). Needle insertion, the most common method, is carried out by inserting hair-thin needles into specific points on the body that channel vital energy (the qi). Practitioners use thin needles to help the body’s energy flow better, fix the balance between yin and yang, and make the body work better on its own. They gently move the needles around in different ways to do this. Acupuncture offers a way to treat the whole person. In addition to its physical benefits, acupuncture also provides emotional and psychological support. 24 The process of receiving acupuncture involves relaxation and meditation, which can further improve its therapeutic (治疗的) effects. 25 Over the years, acupuncture has seen many improvements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now widely accepted as a mainstream treatment option for various health conditions. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries. A．Practices can vary in forms. B．Acupuncture is used worldwide. C．Acupuncture is a powerful and effective form of therapy. D．Acupuncture does work and many people have been cured by it. E．At the beginning, ancient Chinese used stone tools to help with pain. F．Many people find it helpful in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. G．It helps the body work better and improves its natural ability to recover. 【答案】21．E 22．G 23．A 24．F 25．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针灸的起源与发展、医学原理、常见形式、疗效和目前的接受情况。 21．前文“Acupuncture (针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the solution for countless patients for thousands of years. (针灸，一种古老的中国医学实践，几千年来一直是无数病人的解决方案)”引出针灸的话题，说明针灸历史悠久，后文“Over time, this natural practice gradually developed into a thorough and deep medical system, forming the basis of acupuncture. (随着时间的推移，这种自然的实践逐渐发展成为一个彻底而深入的医疗系统，形成了针灸的基础)”描述了针灸的发展，因此E项“At the beginning, ancient Chinese used stone tools to help with pain. (一开始，中国古人用石器来止痛)”符合语境，介绍针灸的起源，承前启后，其中的At the beginning和后文的Over time呼应。故选E。 22．前文“Acupuncture is a way to help the body recover itself by using thin needles in certain parts of the body. (针灸是一种通过在身体的某些部位使用细针来帮助身体自我恢复的方法)”介绍针灸的原理，因此G项“It helps the body work better and improves its natural ability to recover. (它可以帮助身体更好地工作，提高身体的自然恢复能力)”符合语境，说明针灸的作用，承接前文，其中的It指代前文的Acupuncture，improves its natural ability to recover和前文的help the body recover itself呼应。故选G。 23．空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。根据后文“They include needle insertion (针刺), cupping and scraping (刮痧). Needle insertion, the most common method, is carried out by inserting hair-thin needles into specific points on the body that channel vital energy (the qi). (它们包括针刺、拔火罐和刮痧。针刺是最常见的方法，通过将头发细的针插入身体上的特定点来引导生命能量（气）)”可知，本段主要说明针灸的不同形式，并介绍最常见的针刺，因此A项“Practices can vary in forms. (实践可以有多种形式)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选A。 24．前文“Acupuncture offers a way to treat the whole person. In addition to its physical benefits, acupuncture also provides emotional and psychological support. (针灸提供了一种治疗整个人的方法。除了身体上的好处，针灸还提供情感和心理上的支持)”说明针灸具有治疗身心的双重作用，因此F项“Many people find it helpful in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. (许多人发现它有助于减轻压力、焦虑和抑郁)”符合语境，介绍针灸对于心理问题的疗效，承接前文。故选F。 25．空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。根据后文“Over the years, acupuncture has seen many improvements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now widely accepted as a mainstream treatment option for various health conditions. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries. (多年来，针灸在科学研究和现代医学中取得了许多进步。它现在被广泛接受为各种健康状况的主流治疗选择。根据世卫组织2019年的一份报告，在其120个成员国中，有113个国家使用针灸)”可知，本段主要介绍针灸在进步，甚至逐渐被国外接受，因此B项“Acupuncture is used worldwide. (针灸在世界范围内使用)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选B。 ( 40 / 43 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$