Unit 3 The world online【速记清单】-2024-2025 学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020必修第三册）

Unit 3 The world online 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1.take off 突然大受欢迎,迅速流行;开始成功;(飞机)起飞;脱去(衣服等);(突然且出人意料地)离开;休假 (教材原句)Soon emojis took off throughout the world.很快,表情符号风靡全球。 take away　 拿走;夺走 take in 吸收;理解;欺骗;收留 take on 具有,呈现;担任,承担;雇用 take over 接管;接任;控制 take up 拿起;占据;开始从事 2.access n.机会,权利;入径,通道 vt.到达,进入;使用→accessible adj. 可进入的;可使用的 (教材原句)We can achieve almost anything online—with access to the Internet come some truly life-changing advantages.在网上我们几乎什么都能做到。接入互联网带来了一些实实在在改变我们生活的好处。 (1)access to...接近……的机会;进入……的权利 have/get/gain/obtain access to... 可以接近/会见/进入…… (2) be accessible to 可进入……;可使用……;易接近……;可见到…… 3.bring up 使显示在计算机屏幕上,调出;养育;抚养;教育;提出;呕吐 (教材原句)In the time it takes to find one book in the library, we can use a search engine to bring up millions of results.在图书馆找一本书的时间,我们就可以用搜索引擎让数百万的结果出现(在屏幕上)。 bring about　　 引起;导致(事故、变化等) bring back 使某物恢复;使回忆起某事 bring down 使……降低;使……倒下 bring in 引入;赚得;挣得 bring out 使显现出;公布;出版 4.majority n. 大部分,大多数;多数票→major adj.,n.&v.主要的;专业;主修 (教材原句)No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn to for information.难怪互联网现在已经成为大多数人查找信息的首选途径。 (1)the majority of...大多数…… be in the majority 占大部分/大多数 (2)major in 主修……;以……为专业 5.arrangement n.安排;布置;约定;排列→arrange v. 安排;布置;约定;排列 (教材原句)When you wish to go on holiday, you can make all your travel arrangements just in front of the computer.当你想去度假时,你可以在电脑前安排好你所有的旅行。 (1)make arrangements for　为……做好安排 (2)arrange sth.(for sb.) (为某人)安排某事 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 arrange for...to do sth. 安排……做某事 arrange that... 商定……;安排…… arrange with sb.(about sth.) 与某人商定(某事) 6.instant adj.立刻的;立即的;方便的 n.片刻,瞬间;某一时刻→instantly adv.立刻地conj.一……就…… (教材原句)An instant message, a group chat, a video call, a comment on an update—there are endless ways to share our views or let someone know we care about them.即时消息、群聊、视频通话、对更新的评论——有无数方法来分享我们的观点,或让别人知晓我们对他们的关心。 (1)in an instant　　　立即,马上 for an instant 片刻,一瞬间 the instant+从句(=instantly/as soon as+从句) 一……就…… (2) “一……就……”结构集锦 as soon as+从句 the instant/moment/second/minute+从句 instantly/immediately/directly+从句 hardly/no sooner had sb.done...when/than... on/upon+arrive/return/reach/hear等动词相应的名词形式或动名词形式 7.comment n. 议论,评论;批评,指责 vi.&vt.表达意见 (教材原句)My father has made some helpful comments on my present job.父亲对我目前的工作提出了一些有益的意见。 (1)make comments on/about 对……做出评论 without comment 不予评论 no comment 无可奉告 (2)comment on/upon... 评论……,对……提意见 8.aware adj.知道,意识到;察觉到,发觉;有……意识的→awareness n.认识,意识;了解 (教材原句)As with any great invention, we must be aware of these problems and be careful to use the Internet properly and responsibly.跟对待任何伟大的发明一样,我们必须意识到这些问题,并合理、负责任地谨慎使用互联网。 (1)be aware of　　　　　意识到 be/become aware that... 意识到…… (2)raise/increase the awareness of 增强/提高……的意识 9.request vt.请求;要求 n. 要求,请求;要求的事 (高考例句)My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。 (1)make requests/a request for　 请求;要求…… at sb.’s request=at the request of sb. 应某人的要求 (2)request sb.to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 request that sb.(should) do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 It is requested that...(should) do sth. 要求/请求…… （3）request后跟宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”的形式表示虚拟,其中should可以省略。 10.entertainment n.娱乐活动;招待,娱乐→entertain vt.&vi.使欢乐;款待→entertainingadj.愉快的;有趣的 （高考例句）St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre.圣大卫音乐厅是屡获殊荣的威尔士国家音乐厅,位于卡迪夫娱乐中心的心脏地带。 (1)do sth.for entertainment做某事消遣 (2)entertain sb.with sth. 用某物使某人快乐 entertain sb.to sth. 用某物招待某人 11.addict n.对……入迷的人;瘾君子→addictive adj.(药物等)使人上瘾的→addiction n.上瘾;入迷;嗜好→addicted adj.入了迷的;上了瘾的;成瘾的 (教材原句)I was a smartphone addict. 我是个“智能手机控”。 be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉迷/热爱/迷上(做)某事 addiction to... 对……上瘾 addicted, addiction常与介词to连用,后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。addicted常修饰人;addictive意为“使人上瘾的”,常修饰物。 12.quit vt.&vi.停止;戒掉;离开 (教材原句)Sliding into the habit was easy, but it was difficult to quit the habit. 陷入这种习惯很容易,戒掉它却很难。 quit one’s office/post/job 辞职/离职 quit doing sth. 停止做某事 13.appreciate vt.欣赏,赏识;感谢→appreciation n.欣赏;感激;理解→appreciative adj.感激的;欣赏的 (教材原句)Best of all, I began to appreciate the beauty in life with my own eyes, instead of through my smartphone camera.最棒的是,我开始通过自己的双眼,而不是手机的摄像头,来欣赏生活中的美。 (1)appreciate doing...　欣赏/感激做…… I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激。 (2)in appreciation of 欣赏;感激 (3)appreciate后不能用不定式,而要用动名词作宾语。作“感激;感谢”讲时,其宾语不能是人,只能是事或物。appreciate之后不能直接跟if引导的从句,要先接it再跟if从句。like, hate, dislike, love, depend/rely on等动词(词组)之后接if/when从句有类似用法。 14.cut back on削减;减少 (教材原句)I cannot escape from the modern world, but I can cut back on the amount of time I spend on my smartphone every day.我无法逃离现代世界,但我可以减少每天花在智能手机上的时间。 cut away 　　　　切去 cut off 切断;隔绝 cut down 削减;砍伐 cut out 删去;剪出 cut in 插嘴,打断 cut up 切碎 15.be lost in 全神贯注;沉浸于 (教材原句)I finally picked up the classic novel I had always wanted to read and was soon lost in the beautiful language.我终于重拾那本我一直都想读的名著小说,并很快沉浸在它优美的语言中。 lose heart/hope 灰心,失去信心/失去希望 lose one’s way=get lost 迷路 考点句型 1.No wonder … (教材原句)No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn to for information.难怪互联网现在已经成为大多数人查找信息的首选途径。  It is no wonder that...=No wonder that...难怪…… in wonder　　　　　　惊奇地 do/work wonders 创造奇迹,有惊人的效果 It’s a wonder that... 令人惊奇的是…… I wonder if/whether... 我想知道是否…… 2. 独立主格结构 (教材原句)Head down, eyes on my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car shot past, nearly knocking me off my feet! 我低着头,眼睛盯着智能手机,走到马路上,突然一辆车飞驰过来,差点把我撞倒! 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致,它独立存在。其构成形式为:名词/代词+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 独立主格结构在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等。需要注意的是,独立主格结构不是句子。 3. 否定词+形容词/副词的比较级 (教材原句)We had never felt closer to each other. 我们从来没有觉得彼此这么亲密。 英语中比较级结构表达最高级含义的常用句型还有: (1)比较级+than+any other +单数名词 (2)比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词/all the other+复数名词 (3)比较级+than+anything/anybody/anyone else (4)can’t/couldn’t be+ too+形容词/副词 单元语法 动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 考点一、 动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 (1) reading room=a room for reading　 现在分词说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 (2) a sleeping boy=a boy who/that is sleeping正在睡觉的男孩 现在分词表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 There is a path leading /which leads to the top of the hill.有一条通向山顶的小路。 考点二、动词-ing形式作状语 　动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1. Having delivered the milk to the customer’s house, he went home for breakfast.把牛奶送到顾客家后,他就回家吃早餐了。（时间） 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.由于生病,他昨天没有去上学。（原因） 3.He was admitted into a key university, making his parents very proud.他被一所重点大学录取,这使他的父母很自豪。（结果） 4. Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.如果你努力学习,你将会成功。（条件） 5.Surfing the Internet every day, I limit the playing time to 30 minutes.虽然每天都上网,但我把玩的时间限制在30分钟。（让步） 6. He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time (=and stared at the sky for a long time).他躺在草地上,盯着天空看了很久。（行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明） 考点三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。 2.当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 3.能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类词: (1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)+ sb. + doing sth.。 (2)表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等)+sb./ sth. + doing sth.。 (3)with复合结构 The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce, more commonly known as e-commerce. 互联网也给我们的生活带来了难以想象的便利,电子商务提供了各种商品和服务。 一. 单词拼写 1．The teacher made a c on my essay that it needed more evidence to support the arguments, which was very helpful for my improvement. 2．The local government e a school to get these kids educated. ( 3．The coach told me that I didn’t play well enough. (显然地)，I was unhappy, but I won’t give up. 4．If you d (使与……保持距离) yourself from negative people, positive things start happening. 5．We should be a of the importance of protecting the environment. 6．We promise to d (递送) your order to your door within 48 hours. 7．The young man (创立) an IT company after he graduated from university. 8．They are making a (安排) for their daughter’s wedding. 9．This book gives you some （指导方针）to solve the problem of Internet addiction. 10．Sooner or later you’ll a the beauty of this language. 二. 选词填空  knock sb off one’s feet     bring up     above all else     get in one’s way     at one’s f ingertips take off     be lost in    have access to     to a certain extent     be glued to 1．The magazine after the interview. 2．He the computer screen all day searching for a new job. 3． , we are all responsible for global warming. 4．With access to the Internet, now we have images and important information in real time. 5．He doesn’t let being disabled . Instead, he is even more brave. 6．My mum has always been the person whom I for advice and support. 7．Don’t spend too much money, don’t forget to write, but , have a good time! 8．The blow , but he was up in an instant and came towards me. 9．At the meeting, they many problems and discussed them one by one. 10．Kids shouldn’t violent f ilms because they might imitate (模仿)the things they see. 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．It is not the first time that immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment (deliver) to poor regions. 2． (obvious), when your older brother is doing it, you think it’s a cool thing to do. 3．World Oceans Day is aimed at raising public (aware) of ocean conservation. 4．Many students have difficulty (deliver) a speech in public, but they can overcome it through training. 5．It was not until World War II that the importance of Fleming’s (discover) of penicillin (青霉素) was fully recognized. 6．Here I sincerely express my (appreciate) if you could give me some advice. 7．When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit (scare). 8．To his credit, the editor preferred (quit) to giving way to false news. 9．A jazz band provided the (entertain), while people ate and drank under the stars. 10．Pretty and (comfort) rooms overlook a flower-filled garden. 四. 完成句子 1．危险的条件和受损的道路使得运送食物和其他补给品非常困难。 (make后加宾补结构) 2．该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。（it作形式主语） 3．中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法，屠呦呦入选首批研究人员。（分词作定语） 4．明天做好必要的安排后，他将要动身去杭州。(arrangement,现在进行时表将来) 5．我们期待着这么一天，每个人都可以有受教育的平等机会。(when) 6．我非常感谢你们能够按时提交研究报告，你们的倾力付出对项目的长远发展至关重要。(appreciate) 7．随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉字这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 8．随着一系列优惠政策落地，电动车企业对推动电池技术走向国际市场很乐观。(With) 9．在远处，大象吃着草，耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着。(独立主格结构) 10．对我来说，没有什么比一次跨文化的下午茶更棒的了。（否定词+比较级） ( 8 / 9 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 The world online 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1.take off 突然大受欢迎,迅速流行;开始成功;(飞机)起飞;脱去(衣服等);(突然且出人意料地)离开;休假 (教材原句)Soon emojis took off throughout the world.很快,表情符号风靡全球。 take away　 拿走;夺走 take in 吸收;理解;欺骗;收留 take on 具有,呈现;担任,承担;雇用 take over 接管;接任;控制 take up 拿起;占据;开始从事 2.access n.机会,权利;入径,通道 vt.到达,进入;使用→accessible adj. 可进入的;可使用的 (教材原句)We can achieve almost anything online—with access to the Internet come some truly life-changing advantages.在网上我们几乎什么都能做到。接入互联网带来了一些实实在在改变我们生活的好处。 (1)access to...接近……的机会;进入……的权利 have/get/gain/obtain access to... 可以接近/会见/进入…… (2) be accessible to 可进入……;可使用……;易接近……;可见到…… 3.bring up 使显示在计算机屏幕上,调出;养育;抚养;教育;提出;呕吐 (教材原句)In the time it takes to find one book in the library, we can use a search engine to bring up millions of results.在图书馆找一本书的时间,我们就可以用搜索引擎让数百万的结果出现(在屏幕上)。 bring about　　 引起;导致(事故、变化等) bring back 使某物恢复;使回忆起某事 bring down 使……降低;使……倒下 bring in 引入;赚得;挣得 bring out 使显现出;公布;出版 4.majority n. 大部分,大多数;多数票→major adj.,n.&v.主要的;专业;主修 (教材原句)No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn to for information.难怪互联网现在已经成为大多数人查找信息的首选途径。 (1)the majority of...大多数…… be in the majority 占大部分/大多数 (2)major in 主修……;以……为专业 5.arrangement n.安排;布置;约定;排列→arrange v. 安排;布置;约定;排列 (教材原句)When you wish to go on holiday, you can make all your travel arrangements just in front of the computer.当你想去度假时,你可以在电脑前安排好你所有的旅行。 (1)make arrangements for　为……做好安排 (2)arrange sth.(for sb.) (为某人)安排某事 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 arrange for...to do sth. 安排……做某事 arrange that... 商定……;安排…… arrange with sb.(about sth.) 与某人商定(某事) 6.instant adj.立刻的;立即的;方便的 n.片刻,瞬间;某一时刻→instantly adv.立刻地conj.一……就…… (教材原句)An instant message, a group chat, a video call, a comment on an update—there are endless ways to share our views or let someone know we care about them.即时消息、群聊、视频通话、对更新的评论——有无数方法来分享我们的观点,或让别人知晓我们对他们的关心。 (1)in an instant　　　立即,马上 for an instant 片刻,一瞬间 the instant+从句(=instantly/as soon as+从句) 一……就…… (2) “一……就……”结构集锦 as soon as+从句 the instant/moment/second/minute+从句 instantly/immediately/directly+从句 hardly/no sooner had sb.done...when/than... on/upon+arrive/return/reach/hear等动词相应的名词形式或动名词形式 7.comment n. 议论,评论;批评,指责 vi.&vt.表达意见 (教材原句)My father has made some helpful comments on my present job.父亲对我目前的工作提出了一些有益的意见。 (1)make comments on/about 对……做出评论 without comment 不予评论 no comment 无可奉告 (2)comment on/upon... 评论……,对……提意见 8.aware adj.知道,意识到;察觉到,发觉;有……意识的→awareness n.认识,意识;了解 (教材原句)As with any great invention, we must be aware of these problems and be careful to use the Internet properly and responsibly.跟对待任何伟大的发明一样,我们必须意识到这些问题,并合理、负责任地谨慎使用互联网。 (1)be aware of　　　　　意识到 be/become aware that... 意识到…… (2)raise/increase the awareness of 增强/提高……的意识 9.request vt.请求;要求 n. 要求,请求;要求的事 (高考例句)My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。 (1)make requests/a request for　 请求;要求…… at sb.’s request=at the request of sb. 应某人的要求 (2)request sb.to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 request that sb.(should) do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 It is requested that...(should) do sth. 要求/请求…… （3）request后跟宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”的形式表示虚拟,其中should可以省略。 10.entertainment n.娱乐活动;招待,娱乐→entertain vt.&vi.使欢乐;款待→entertainingadj.愉快的;有趣的 （高考例句）St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre.圣大卫音乐厅是屡获殊荣的威尔士国家音乐厅,位于卡迪夫娱乐中心的心脏地带。 (1)do sth.for entertainment做某事消遣 (2)entertain sb.with sth. 用某物使某人快乐 entertain sb.to sth. 用某物招待某人 11.addict n.对……入迷的人;瘾君子→addictive adj.(药物等)使人上瘾的→addiction n.上瘾;入迷;嗜好→addicted adj.入了迷的;上了瘾的;成瘾的 (教材原句)I was a smartphone addict. 我是个“智能手机控”。 be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉迷/热爱/迷上(做)某事 addiction to... 对……上瘾 addicted, addiction常与介词to连用,后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。addicted常修饰人;addictive意为“使人上瘾的”,常修饰物。 12.quit vt.&vi.停止;戒掉;离开 (教材原句)Sliding into the habit was easy, but it was difficult to quit the habit. 陷入这种习惯很容易,戒掉它却很难。 quit one’s office/post/job 辞职/离职 quit doing sth. 停止做某事 13.appreciate vt.欣赏,赏识;感谢→appreciation n.欣赏;感激;理解→appreciative adj.感激的;欣赏的 (教材原句)Best of all, I began to appreciate the beauty in life with my own eyes, instead of through my smartphone camera.最棒的是,我开始通过自己的双眼,而不是手机的摄像头,来欣赏生活中的美。 (1)appreciate doing...　欣赏/感激做…… I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激。 (2)in appreciation of 欣赏;感激 (3)appreciate后不能用不定式,而要用动名词作宾语。作“感激;感谢”讲时,其宾语不能是人,只能是事或物。appreciate之后不能直接跟if引导的从句,要先接it再跟if从句。like, hate, dislike, love, depend/rely on等动词(词组)之后接if/when从句有类似用法。 14.cut back on削减;减少 (教材原句)I cannot escape from the modern world, but I can cut back on the amount of time I spend on my smartphone every day.我无法逃离现代世界,但我可以减少每天花在智能手机上的时间。 cut away 　　　　切去 cut off 切断;隔绝 cut down 削减;砍伐 cut out 删去;剪出 cut in 插嘴,打断 cut up 切碎 15.be lost in 全神贯注;沉浸于 (教材原句)I finally picked up the classic novel I had always wanted to read and was soon lost in the beautiful language.我终于重拾那本我一直都想读的名著小说,并很快沉浸在它优美的语言中。 lose heart/hope 灰心,失去信心/失去希望 lose one’s way=get lost 迷路 考点句型 1.No wonder … (教材原句)No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn to for information.难怪互联网现在已经成为大多数人查找信息的首选途径。  It is no wonder that...=No wonder that...难怪…… in wonder　　　　　　惊奇地 do/work wonders 创造奇迹,有惊人的效果 It’s a wonder that... 令人惊奇的是…… I wonder if/whether... 我想知道是否…… 2. 独立主格结构 (教材原句)Head down, eyes on my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car shot past, nearly knocking me off my feet! 我低着头,眼睛盯着智能手机,走到马路上,突然一辆车飞驰过来,差点把我撞倒! 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致,它独立存在。其构成形式为:名词/代词+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 独立主格结构在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等。需要注意的是,独立主格结构不是句子。 3. 否定词+形容词/副词的比较级 (教材原句)We had never felt closer to each other. 我们从来没有觉得彼此这么亲密。 英语中比较级结构表达最高级含义的常用句型还有: (1)比较级+than+any other +单数名词 (2)比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词/all the other+复数名词 (3)比较级+than+anything/anybody/anyone else (4)can’t/couldn’t be+ too+形容词/副词 单元语法 动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 考点一、 动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 (1) reading room=a room for reading　 现在分词说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 (2) a sleeping boy=a boy who/that is sleeping正在睡觉的男孩 现在分词表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 There is a path leading /which leads to the top of the hill.有一条通向山顶的小路。 考点二、动词-ing形式作状语 　动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1. Having delivered the milk to the customer’s house, he went home for breakfast.把牛奶送到顾客家后,他就回家吃早餐了。（时间） 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.由于生病,他昨天没有去上学。（原因） 3.He was admitted into a key university, making his parents very proud.他被一所重点大学录取,这使他的父母很自豪。（结果） 4. Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.如果你努力学习,你将会成功。（条件） 5.Surfing the Internet every day, I limit the playing time to 30 minutes.虽然每天都上网,但我把玩的时间限制在30分钟。（让步） 6. He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time (=and stared at the sky for a long time).他躺在草地上,盯着天空看了很久。（行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明） 考点三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。 2.当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 3.能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类词: (1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)+ sb. + doing sth.。 (2)表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等)+sb./ sth. + doing sth.。 (3)with复合结构 The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce, more commonly known as e-commerce. 互联网也给我们的生活带来了难以想象的便利,电子商务提供了各种商品和服务。 一. 单词拼写 1．The teacher made a c on my essay that it needed more evidence to support the arguments, which was very helpful for my improvement. 【答案】comment/omment 【详解】考查名词。句意：老师在我的文章上评论说，它需要更多的证据来支持论点，这对我的提高很有帮助。根据“The teacher”和“on my essay that it needed more evidence...”可推知，老师对文章作出评论，结合首字母提示，用名词comment作宾语，意为“评论”，由空前不定冠词a可知，用单数形式。故填comment。 2．The local government e a school to get these kids educated. ( 【答案】established/stablished 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：当地政府建立了一所学校来教育这些孩子。根据句意和首字母提示，这里指的是“建立”，用动词establish作谓语，结合语境，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填established。 3．The coach told me that I didn’t play well enough. (显然地)，I was unhappy, but I won’t give up. 【答案】Obviously 【详解】考查副词。句意：教练告诉我，我打得不够好。显然，我很不开心，但我不会放弃。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“显然地”应用obviously，为副词，在本句中作状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Obviously。 4．If you d (使与……保持距离) yourself from negative people, positive things start happening. 【答案】distance/istance 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你远离消极的人，积极的事情就会开始发生。根据句意及中英文提示，可知为distance，设空处为句子的谓语，叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，distance... from...使与……保持距离。故填distance。 5．We should be a of the importance of protecting the environment. 【答案】aware/ware 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们应该意识到保护环境的重要性。分析句子结构，空白处位于 be 动词之后，应使用形容词作表语。根据下文“the importance of protecting the environment(保护环境的重要性)”以及首字母提示，以字母 a 开头且能与“be...of”搭配表示“意识到”含义的词为aware 。故填 aware。 6．We promise to d (递送) your order to your door within 48 hours. 【答案】deliver/eliver 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们承诺在48小时内把您的订单送到您家门口。根据中英文提示，表示“递送”用deliver，位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填deliver。 7．The young man (创立) an IT company after he graduated from university. 【答案】established/founded 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个年轻人大学毕业后创办了一家IT公司。“创立”为动词establish或found作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填established/founded。 8．They are making a (安排) for their daughter’s wedding. 【答案】arrangements/rrangements 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们正在筹备女儿的婚礼。空处应用名词，作宾语；由首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词arrangement，为可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式，表泛指，作宾语，动词短语make arrangements for“安排。故填arrangements。 9．This book gives you some （指导方针）to solve the problem of Internet addiction. 【答案】guidelines 【详解】考查名词。句意：这本书给了你一些解决网瘾问题的指导方针。根据汉语提示可知，表示“指导方针”可用名词guideline，又因为guideline是可数名词，再根据空格前的some可知，应该用名词的复数形式。故填guidelines。 10．Sooner or later you’ll a the beauty of this language. 【答案】appreciate/ppreciate 【详解】考查动词。句意：迟早你会意识到这种语言的美。根据句意和首字母提示，这里指的是“意识到”，用动词appreciate作谓语。在助动词will后，动词需用原形构成一般将来时态。故填appreciate。 二. 选词填空  knock sb off one’s feet     bring up     above all else     get in one’s way     at one’s f ingertips take off     be lost in    have access to     to a certain extent     be glued to 1．The magazine after the interview. 2．He the computer screen all day searching for a new job. 3． , we are all responsible for global warming. 4．With access to the Internet, now we have images and important information in real time. 5．He doesn’t let being disabled . Instead, he is even more brave. 6．My mum has always been the person whom I for advice and support. 7．Don’t spend too much money, don’t forget to write, but , have a good time! 8．The blow , but he was up in an instant and came towards me. 9．At the meeting, they many problems and discussed them one by one. 10．Kids shouldn’t violent f ilms because they might imitate (模仿)the things they see. 【答案】 1．took off 2．was glued to 3．To a certain extent 4．at our fingertips 5．get in his way 6．were lost in 7．above all else 8．knocked him off his feet 9．brought up 10．have access to 【解析】1．考查动词短语及时态。句意：采访结束后，这本杂志迅速走红。分析句子可知，该空为句子的谓语，需要动词短语；采访起到宣传作用，动词短语take off可表示“突然变得成功，开始走红”符合语境；叙述已发生的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填took off。 2．考查动词短语和时态。句意：他整天盯着电脑屏幕寻找新工作。根据句意“粘到……上”可知，此处为动词短语be glued to，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为he，be动词用was。故填was glued to。 3．考查介词短语。句意：在某种程度上，我们都对全球变暖负有责任。分析句子可知，该空为状语部分，短语to a certain extent意为“从某种程度来说”符合语境，注意句首字母大写。故填To a certain extent。 4．考查介词短语。句意：随着互联网的普及，现在我们可以实时地获取图像和重要信息。分析句子可知，该空为状语部分，短语at one’s f ingertips意为“易于获取”，符合语境，网络使获取信息更容易，需要把one’s对应we改为our。故填at our fingertips。 5．考查动词短语。句意：他不会让残疾成为他的障碍。相反，他更加勇敢。分析句子可知，let… do …，该空应该填一个动词短语使用原形作宾语补足语，身体残疾一般会阻碍一个人的发展，动词短语get in one’s way意为“妨碍，阻碍”符合语境，注意物主代词呼应主语he应使用his。故填get in his way。 6．考查动词短语和时态。句意：听到这个消息，在场的人都陷入了沉思。根据句意“陷入”可知，此处为动词短语be lost in，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为the people，be动词用were。故填were lost in。 7．考查介词短语。句意：别花太多钱，别忘了写信，但最重要的是玩得开心！比较三件事情的的重要性，短语above all else意为“首先，最重要的是”符合语境。故填above all else。 8．考查动词短语和时态。句意：这一击把他打倒在地，但他立刻站了起来，向我走来。根据句意“打倒某人”可知，此处为动词短语knock sb off one’s feet，结合“was”可知，此处为一般过去时，主语为he。故填knocked him off his feet。 9．考查动词短语及时态。句意：在会上，他们提出了许多问题并逐一进行了讨论。分析句子可知，该空需要一个动词短语作谓语，根据下文的宾语“many problems”及“discussed them”可知，应该先提出问题再讨论，动词短语bring up可表示“提出”，应使用一般过去时态与discussed并列。故填brought up。 10．考查动词短语。句意：孩子们不应该接触到暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的东西。分析句子可知，该空需要一个动词短语使用动词原形与情态动词shouldn’t一起作谓语，下文表示担心孩子模仿，可知不应该让孩子接触到暴力电影，动词短语have access to“有机会接触到/看到”符合题意。故填have access to。 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．It is not the first time that immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment (deliver) to poor regions. 【答案】have been delivered 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这并不是第一次向贫困地区运送大量最先进的教学设备。此处主语immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment与谓语构成被动关系，此处为句型it is not the first time that+现在完成时，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填have been delivered。 2． (obvious), when your older brother is doing it, you think it’s a cool thing to do. 【答案】Obviously 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，当你哥哥这么做的时候，你会觉得这是一件很酷的事情。空格处作状语，修饰下文的句子，应该用副词形式obviously。故填Obviously。 3．World Oceans Day is aimed at raising public (aware) of ocean conservation. 【答案】awareness 【详解】考查名词。句意：世界海洋日旨在提高公众对海洋保护的认识。分析句子可知，“public”为形容词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“awareness”意为“认识，意识”，为不可数名词。故填awareness。 4．Many students have difficulty (deliver) a speech in public, but they can overcome it through training. 【答案】delivering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学生在公共场合演讲有困难，但他们可以通过训练克服它。have difficulty (in) doing sth为固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，此处使用动名词作宾语，介词in省略。故填delivering。 5．It was not until World War II that the importance of Fleming’s (discover) of penicillin (青霉素) was fully recognized. 【答案】discovery 【详解】考查名词。句意：直到第二次世界大战，人们才充分认识到弗莱明发现青霉素的重要性。作介词的宾语，用名词discovery，此处特指青霉素的发现用单数。故填discovery。 6．Here I sincerely express my (appreciate) if you could give me some advice. 【答案】appreciation 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果您能给我一些建议，在此我会衷心感谢。分析句子可知，“my”为形容词性物主代词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“appreciation”意为“感谢”，为不可数名词。故填appreciation。 7．When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit (scare). 【答案】scary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你打开字典时，你经常会遇到很多不熟悉的单词。你可能会觉得这有点吓人。根据空前is a bit可知，空处需填形容词作表语，描述这种情况是令人害怕的，scare是动词，其形容词形式scary，意为“令人害怕的”。故填scary。 8．To his credit, the editor preferred (quit) to giving way to false news. 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：值得称赞的是，这位编辑宁愿辞职也不愿听信假新闻。分析句子可知，这里考查prefer doing to doing，表“宁愿做……也不愿做……”，为固定短语，所以这里用动名词作宾语。故填quitting。 9．A jazz band provided the (entertain), while people ate and drank under the stars. 【答案】entertainment 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个爵士乐队提供娱乐，而人们在星空下吃喝。根据空格前the可知，此处用提示词的名词形式entertainment作宾语，且为不可数名词。故填entertainment。 10．Pretty and (comfort) rooms overlook a flower-filled garden. 【答案】comfortable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：漂亮舒适的客房俯瞰着鲜花盛开的花园。设空处和pretty并列修饰名词rooms作定语，也用形容词，故填comfortable。 四. 完成句子 1．危险的条件和受损的道路使得运送食物和其他补给品非常困难。 (make后加宾补结构) 【答案】Dangerous conditions and damaged roads made it very hard to deliver food and other supplies. 【详解】考查固定句型和动词时态。表示“危险的条件和受损的道路”应用dangerous conditions and damaged roads；表示“使”应用make，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时；其固定句型是make it adj+ to do...，it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语；表示“非常困难”应用very hard；表示“运送食物和其他补给品”应用deliver food and other supplies。故翻译成：Dangerous conditions and damaged roads made it very hard to deliver food and other supplies. 2．该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。（it作形式主语）（汉译英） 【答案】It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 【详解】考查形式主语、状语从句、动词短语和时态。分析句子可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；“It seemed that…”是固定句型，表示“似乎……”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；“喜欢某物如此之多以至于……”可以翻译为“like sth. so much that…”；“从水泵抽上来的水”翻译为“the water from the pump”；“让别人做某事”可以翻译为“have sth. done”；“让人把水运到家里”翻译为“have it delivered to her house”；“每天”翻译为“every day”。故翻译为It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day。 3．中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法，屠呦呦入选首批研究人员。（分词作定语） 【答案】A team of scientists aiming to discover new therapies for malaria was established by the Chinese government, with Tu Youyou among the first researchers. 【详解】考查分词作定语及with复合结构。分析句子结构，可以将“旨在……”作为“科学家团队”的后置定语，“旨在……”翻译成aim to do，它和逻辑主语科学家团队呈主动关系，所以使用现在分词的形式；“发现新型抗疟疾疗法”可以翻译成discover new therapies for malaria。“成立”翻译成establish，和主语a team of scientists为被动关系，且陈述过去的事情，所以“中国政府成立了一支科学家团队”翻译成A team of scientists was established by the Chinese government。“屠呦呦入选……”这句话可以使用with的复合结构来进行翻译，翻译为with Tu Youyou among the first researchers。故整句可翻译为A team of scientists aiming to discover new therapies for malaria was established by the Chinese government, with Tu Youyou among the first researchers. 4．明天做好必要的安排后，他将要动身去杭州。(arrangement,现在进行时表将来) 【答案】He is leaving for Hangzhou after he makes necessary arrangements tomorrow. 【详解】考查时态、短语和连词。表示“动身去某地”用leave for，此处用现在进行时表将来，表示“动身去杭州”短语为leave for Hangzhou；表示“做好必要的安排”应用动词短语make necessary arrangements，作时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主将从现可知，此处应用一般现在时makes，表示“必要的”用necessary，此处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，表示“明天”用tomorrow；最后，表示“在……后”应用after引导时间状语从句。故翻译为He is leaving for Hangzhou after he makes necessary arrangements tomorrow. 5．我们期待着这么一天，每个人都可以有受教育的平等机会。(when) 【答案】We are looking forward to a day when everyone can have equal access to education. / everyone can have an equal chance to receive education. /can have equal chances to be educated. 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。根据所给中文句子以及题干要求可知，本句可用when引导的定语从句，“我们期待着这么一天”为主句，“我们”作主语，译为“we”，“期待着”用短语：look forward to，描述现在一直持续的动作，用现在进行时，“这么一天”译为“a day”作宾语；“每个人都可以有受教育的平等机会”用when引导的定语从句，修饰day，“每个人”作主语，译为“everyone”，“都可以”用情态动词can，“有受教育的平等机会”既可以用动词短语：have equal access to sth.也可用动词短语have equal chances to do sth，其中用have equal chances to do sth时，“受教育”，既可以用主动形式，译为“have an equal chance to receive education”，也可用被动形式，译为“have equal chances to be educated”。故译为：We are looking forward to a day when everyone can have equal access to education. / everyone can have an equal chance to receive education. /can have equal chances to be educated. 6．我非常感谢你们能够按时提交研究报告，你们的倾力付出对项目的长远发展至关重要。(appreciate) (汉译英) 【答案】I truly appreciate your timely submission of the research report; your dedicated efforts are crucial to the long-term development of the project. 【详解】考查时态、固定短语。本句用两个分句，第一个分句中：表示“我”用I，作主语。表示“非常感谢”用truly appreciate，描述现在的状态，时态用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用动词原形，其中副词truly“真地”作状语，修饰动词appreciate“感谢”；表示“你们及时提交了研究报告”用your timely submission of the research report，作宾语。第二个分句中：表示“你们的倾力付出”用your dedicated efforts，作主语，其中形容词dedicated“献身的，专心致志的”作前置定语，修饰名词effort“努力”的复数efforts；表示“对……至关重要”用be crucial to sth.，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语your dedicated efforts为复数，谓语用are；表示“项目的长远发展”用the long-term development of the project。故翻译为I truly appreciate your timely submission of the research report; your dedicated efforts are crucial to the long-term development of the project. 7．随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉字这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 【答案】As China plays a great role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinese culture and history through the wonderful language of Chinese characters. 【详解】考查时态、时间状语从句和固定短语。根据句意可知，引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，应用as，句首单词首字母大写，从句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，表示“在……中扮演更为重要的角色”短语为play a great role in；表示“全球事务”短语为global affairs；主句中主语表示“越来越多的国际学生”为an increasing number of international students；表示“开始做某事”短语为begin to，此处用现在进行时，表进行；表示“欣赏中国文化和历史”翻译为appreciate Chinese culture and history；表示“通过汉字这一奇妙的语言”为through the wonderful language of Chinese characters。故翻译为As China plays a great role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinese culture and history through the wonderful language of Chinese characters. 8．随着一系列优惠政策落地，电动车企业对推动电池技术走向国际市场很乐观。(With) 【答案】With a series of favorable policies carried out, the electric vehicle company is optimistic about advancing battery technology into international markets. 【详解】考查短语、时态和with的复合结构。“随着”用介词with，“一系列优惠政策”翻译为a series of favorable policies；“落地”用短语carry out，与名词a series of favorable policies之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语；“电动车企业”翻译为 electric vehicle company；“对……很乐观”用短语be optimistic about；“推动”用动词advance；“电池技术”翻译为battery technology；“国际市场”翻译为international markets。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为With a series of favorable policies carried out, the electric vehicle company is optimistic about advancing battery technology into international markets.   9．在远处，大象吃着草，耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着。(独立主格结构) 【答案】In the distance, elephants are eating grass, their ears flapping lazily. 【详解】考查介词短语、时态、非谓语动词和独立主格结构。本句描述的是正在发生的动作，所以应用现在进行时。“在远处”作地点状语，用介词短语in the distance表示；主语“大象”用名词elephant，用复数形式elephants表示多头大象；谓语“吃”用动词eat，描述当前正在发生的事情用现在进行时态are eating，宾语“草”用名词grass，不可数名词；“耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着”作伴随状语，可处理为独立主格结构their ears flapping lazily，其中their ears是逻辑主语，动词flap与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动，副词lazily作状语。综上，全句译为：In the distance, elephants are eating grass, their ears flapping lazily. 10．对我来说，没有什么比一次跨文化的下午茶更棒的了。（否定词+比较级） 【答案】To me, there is nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea. 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“对我来说”应用to me；表示“没有什么比……更好的了”应用固定句型there be nothing better than...，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“一次跨文化的下午茶”应用a cross-cultural afternoon tea。故翻译成：To me, there is nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea.。 ( 14 / 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$