Unit 2 Period 4 Extended reading & Other parts-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第三册（译林版2020）

Period 4　Extended reading & Other parts 1．According to the first paragraph，the fifth greatest breakthrough since the invention of the wheel is . A．modern electronics B．electricity C．eyeglasses D．the printing press 答案　C 2．What’s the meaning of the word “tackle” in the third paragraph? A．Get rid of. B．Deal with. C．Meet with. D．Catch up with. 答案　B 3．From the passage we can see that . A．to tackle the vision problem is a piece of cake B．magnifying glasses were made about three thousand years ago C．the inventor of mounting lenses in frames is still a mystery D．corrective lenses first came into being in 1280 答案　C 4．What drove the demand for reading glasses in the 15th century? A．The invention of printing press. B．The popularity of spectacles. C．The eagerness to become fashionable. D．The relatively cheap glasses. 答案　A 5．What’s the writer’s attitude to smart glasses? A．Fearful. B．Disapproving. C．Subjective. D．Objective. 答案　D Following modern electronics，penicillin，electricity and the printing press，eyeglasses have become the 1.greatest(great) breakthrough since the 2.invention(invent) of the wheel.About 2,000 years ago，people began making magnifying glasses,3.which were probably the first simple corrective lenses.Due to 4.various(vary) reasons，spectacles soon became fashionable.Specially in the 15th century，the printing press 5.drove(drive) the demand for reading glasses.To get the lenses to stay comfortably on the face，people made many attempts by trial 6.and error.These days，technology has made spectacles 7.comfortable(comfort).8.Faced(face) with the ethical dilemma 9.posed(pose) by the development of smart glasses，we’ll have to wait and see if smart glasses would follow the same path 10.as regular glasses. catch on受欢迎，流行起来，变得时髦 be/get caught in遇上；被困在 catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 catch sb＋adv./prep.发现某人…… catch up (with)赶上，追上 (1)There are also concerns about whether the switching stations will catch on. 也有人担心这种交换站能否流行开来。 (2)I got caught in the heavy rain on the way to the rehearsal and my suit was ruined. 在去排练的路上，我遇上大雨，整套衣服都被淋得不成样子了。 (3)Having traced the man for three days，the police caught him stealing a car. 在跟踪了那个人三天后，警察撞见他正在偷汽车。 (4)We knew he had been cheating，but we had never caught him at it before. 我们知道他一直在做手脚，但以前从未当场发现过。 (5)I worked hard day and night till I caught up with all the other eager beavers. 我日日夜夜地勤奋工作，直到追上其他所有干活特别卖力的人。 considering that...“考虑到，就……而言，鉴于” 教材原句　Considering that many people in the world suffer from poor vision，you may think that the great minds of history would have quickly come together to tackle the problem. 考虑到世界上许多人都受到视力不佳的困扰，你可能觉得历史上的智者们会迅速联手解决这个问题。(P25) 句中considering that...为独立成分作状语，没有逻辑主语。常见的独立成分作状语的还有： given that考虑到，鉴于 supposing (that)假设；如果 assuming (that)假使 judging by/from...从……来看；依据……来判断 (1)(读后续写之动作描写)Given(give) that there was nobody to help him fight against the fierce wolf，he instantly got off the bike，seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength，trying to frighten it away. (2)如果他没有准时到场，你将怎样应对这个局面？ Assuming (that)/Supposing (that) he doesn’t turn up on time，how will you deal with the situation? Ⅰ.一词多义 remove A.v.删除　B.v.搬家　C.v.开除　D.v.摘掉； 脱掉 1．Because of the serious air pollution，he decided to remove from the city to the countryside. B 2．Realizing her spouse must be very tired after a day’s work，the young wife helped to remove the bag from her husband’s shoulder. D 3．Of the three columns concerning health，entertainment and culture，my suggestion is that the column of entertainment should be removed. A 4．It’s said that three children were removed from school for persistent bad behavior. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．Compared to the entrepreneur，he is clever but he won’t succeed because he lacks drive.干劲，动力 2．To our surprise，the road was blocked by a huge rock.阻塞，阻挡 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The beautiful island country of Madagascar has a serious school shortage.About a third of Malagasy children have no access to education because the schools are too far away or severely overcrowded.Thinking Huts，a non-profit dedicated to increasing global access to education，plans to tackle the issue with a series of 3D-printed schools，the first of which was completed in April 2022. The 765-square-feet structure，named Bougainvillea，will house 30 students.The construction began with the printer pouring a cement-like(水泥状) mixture in a pattern to create the walls.The entire process took just 18 hours! The roof，doors and windows were locally sourced，and the walls were made of a cement mixture that can resist big environmental pressures in the area.Bougainvillea was 3D-printed by 14 Trees，a company with experience printing buildings throughout Kenya and Malawi. Maggie Grouts，the 22-year-old founder of Thinking Huts，is a senior at the University of Colorado and was just 15 when she started Thinking Huts.Adopted from a rural village when she was 18 months old，Grouts realized that not all kids were as fortunate as her and wanted to help.The idea for the 3D-printed schools came to her after brainstorming with her father on ways to use the technology for the greater good. The 3D-printing approach shrinks the construction turnaround time from months to days，as well as the cost.This allows more schools to be built in less time and reduces the building’s carbon footprints.And these savings in time，cost and materials meet a real need for education infrastructure(基础设施) to help bridge the global opportunity gap. “Thinking Huts hopes to have a Thinking Hut in every community where children do not have a place for education and is fundraising to develop this goal.By using 3D printing，we are combining the potential of technology with architectural solutions that tackle real problems the world faces within education，” says Grouts. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Maggie Grouts在马达加斯加运用3D打印技术建造学校的事迹。 1．What are 3D-printed schools intended for? A．Reducing construction wastes. B．Helping deal with a shortage of schools. C．Providing high-quality education for local students. D．Drawing public attention to 3D-printing technology. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和最后一句可知，3D打印的学校是为了帮助解决学校短缺的问题。故选B。 2．Which of the following statements best describes Bougainvillea? A．It has a complex architectural structure. B．It features strong resistance to bad weather. C．It was built with the help of the local government. D．It can hold more students than traditional schools. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The roof，doors and windows...can resist big environmental pressures in the area.”可知，Bougainvillea的建筑特点是抵抗恶劣天气的能力强。故选B。 3．What can be inferred about Maggie Grouts from the text? A．She is truly creative and warm-hearted. B．She had no access to school as a child. C．She is devoted to designing 3D-printed products. D．She raised money for kids from rural areas. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，Maggie Grouts很有创造力(提出用3D打印技术建造学校)，也很热心(帮助孩子们)。故选A。 4．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4? A．The advantages of 3D-printed schools. B．The wide popularity of 3D-printing technology. C．The significance of narrowing the global opportunity gap. D．The impact of 3D-printed buildings on the environment. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段主要讲了3D打印的学校的优势。故选A。 B Coaches have always taken into account the condition of players when scheduling training sessions.Now with the help of artificial intelligence，they can calculate more precisely the probability that individual athletes will get injured during the next match，the next week or the next month. “We follow a team for an entire season，recording GPS data during training and matches，” Rossi explains.He then uses machine learning to try to detect patterns.“This gives us the probability that a player will get injured in the next days or next weeks.” These data reveal an athlete’s workload—how often they train and how intensely.Just enough training can pave the way to medals，but too much puts pressure on the body and can lead to injuries. Sport is gradually entering a new era，in which artificial intelligence might act as an assistant coach.Algorithms(算法) could enable a teenager to train smarter and avoid a career-ending injury or help a professional athlete to compete for a few years longer.But the technology’s success depends，in part，on the ability of data scientists to convince coaches to include data in their decision process. The teams that McHugh has worked with have seen a reduction in injuries of between 5% and 40%.Yet not every coach is happy to join forces with AI.“Coaches sometimes don’t feel good，because it seems like trying to substitute the human element，” Rossi says.But in reality，data is only a tool.“The interpretation of the results，the change of the training load，is done by coaches，” he says. McHugh agrees that people have to make the final call.“Once the injury probability for an athlete on a given day is output from an injury model，the athlete or coach must then decide whether the predicted risk is acceptable or not，usually depending on the context，” he says.There might be a big game that day，and the player might be especially important to the team.“Even though the predicted injury probability may be as high as 70%，the coach may be willing to take that chance，” he says. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今可以用人工智能计算并预测运动员在比赛中的伤病概率。 5．What can be learned about GPS data? A．GPS data decide athletes’ workload. B．GPS data are collected during the final match. C．GPS data use machine learning to detect patterns. D．GPS data provide useful information for training athletes. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中Rossi说的话以及第三段首句可知，GPS数据能给出运动员的工作量及伤病概率，即为训练运动员提供有用的信息。故选D。 6．What makes the technology’s success possible according to the text? A．Athletes’ training time. B．Coaches’ acceptance. C．Scientists’ judgment. D．Data accuracy. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段末句可知，教练接受将数据纳入训练的决策过程才使得这项技术的成功成为可能。故选B。 7．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us? A．AI in sports has a bright future. B．The coach tends to ignore the risk. C．It is up to people to make the final decision. D．It is always wise to follow the advice of AI. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“McHugh agrees that people have to make the final call.”及后文内容可知，本段想告诉我们必须由人来做最后的决定。故选C。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Replace Coaches with AI B．Predict Injuries with an Algorithm C．Train Athletes Intensely D．Embrace Technology Readily 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了如今可以用人工智能计算并预测运动员在比赛中的伤病概率。B项“用算法预测伤病”能概括文章主旨。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 In 2016，Linda Durrence and her husband suffered the loss of their oldest daughter.Then they 1 to Glennville，Georgia，and attended local charity organizations every Sunday. One Sunday，they met three sisters adopted by a family nearby.The couple became good friends with them 2 ，so when the girls were going to be put in 3 homes a few years later，they turned to Linda Durrence for help. The oldest sister had turned 18 and left the care system，and Linda didn’t 4 to welcome the younger two girls into her home with open arms.“The first thing that broke my heart was that they came with a 5 bag that wasn’t even halfway full of clothes that didn’t 6 them，” Linda recalled.What Linda and her husband did first was to take the girls to go 7 .“We watched them coming from a place of 8 brokenness and they blossomed，” said Linda. The idea of blossoming 9 in her mind，as did the image of the children 10 with just a garbage bag full of too-small clothes.“I couldn’t forget that，” she said. Last December，Linda opened Blossom，a shop giving out free 11 to anyone in need.At Blossom，families can choose seven full sets of clothes and shoes free of charge.They can come back every 12 for size and season changes.She’s relying on 13 from kind-hearted people to keep the shop going. Linda hopes that getting new clothing will 14 adopted children’s confidence.She wants them all to have the same 15 to blossom as her own children. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了琳达在慷慨收养两个女孩之后又开始经营一家慈善性质的商店的故事。 1．A.skipped B．sank C．moved D．revolved 答案　C 解析　根据上文内容以及该句中的“to Glennville，Georgia，and attended local charity organizations every Sunday”可推知，此处指他们搬到了乔治亚州的格伦维尔。故选C。 2．A.immediately B．frequently C．suddenly D．logically 答案　A 解析　根据句意以及下文“so when the girls...for help”可推知，这对夫妇很快就和她们成了好朋友。故选A。 3．A.innocent B．ideal C．influential D．separate 答案　D 解析　根据该句中的“they turned to Linda Durrence for help”及常识可推知，此处为当几年后女孩们将被安置到不同的家庭时，她们向琳达·杜伦斯寻求帮助。故选D。 4．A.hesitate B．expect C．arrange D．struggle 答案　A 解析　根据下文内容以及该句中的“to welcome the younger two girls into her home with open arms”可推知，琳达毫不犹豫地张开双臂欢迎两个小女孩来到她的家。故选A。 5．A.luggage B．garbage C．fabric D．document 答案　B 解析　根据下一段的“the children with just a garbage bag full of too-small clothes”可知，她们来的时候带着一个垃圾袋。故选B。 6．A.fit B．wrap C．stuff D．appeal 答案　A 解析　根据语境及下一段的“the children with just a garbage bag full of too-small clothes”可推知，她们带的衣服都不合身。故选A。 7．A.hiking B．shopping C．diving D．walking 答案　B 解析　根据句意以及上文提到的她们带的衣服都不合身可知，琳达和她丈夫首先做的事是带女孩们去购物。故选B。 8．A.premier B．fair C．mature D．pure 答案　D 解析　根据上文提到的女孩们都在收养家庭中长大以及该句中的“brokenness”可推知，此处为琳达和丈夫看着她们从一个完全破碎的地方冒出来，然后她们“开花”了。故选D。 9．A.shifted B．faded C．stuck D．flashed 答案　C 解析　根据该句中的“The idea of blossoming”以及下文“I couldn’t forget that”可推知，此处为“开花”的想法一直在她的脑海里。stick in one’s mind“铭记于心”。故选C。 10．A.turning down B．turning up C．turning over D．turning out 答案　B 解析　根据上文的“they came with a bag that wasn’t even halfway”可知，此处指孩子们当初只带着一个垃圾袋出现的画面。故选B。 11．A.leaflets B．possessions C．items D．ingredients 答案　C 解析　根据下文“At Blossom，families can choose seven full sets of clothes and shoes free of charge.”可知，Blossom商店向任何有需要的人免费发放物品。故选C。 12．A.year B．month C．hour D．quarter 答案　D 解析　根据该句中的“for size and season changes”可推知，他们每个季度都可以回来换相应尺码和季节的衣服。故选D。 13．A.savings B．donations C．belongings D．earnings 答案　B 解析　根据句意以及该句中的“from kind-hearted people to keep the shop going”可推知，她靠好心人的捐赠来维持商店的运转。故选B。 14．A.represent B．undermine C．distribute D．enhance 答案　D 解析　根据句意以及该句中的“adopted children’s confidence”可知，此处为琳达希望得到新衣服能增强被收养孩子的信心。故选D。 15．A.highlight B．priority C．opportunity D．category 答案　C 解析　根据句意以及该句中的“to blossom as her own children”可知，此处为她希望他们能像自己的孩子一样有机会茁壮成长。故选C。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Thomas Edison was famously opposed to sleeping.In an 1889 interview published in Scientific American，the ever energetic 1. (invent) of the lightbulb claimed he never slept more than four hours a night.Sleep was，he thought，a waste of time. Yet Edison may have relied on sleep 2. (stimulate) his creativity.Edison is said to have napped while 3. (hold) a ball in each hand，thinking that，as he 4.___________ (fall) asleep，the balls would fall to the floor and wake 5. (he)．This way he could remember the sorts of thoughts that come to us as we are nodding off,6.___________ we often do not remember. Sleep researchers now suggest that Edison might have been on to something.Published 7.___________ (recent) in Science Advances，a new study reports that we have a brief period of creativity and insight in the half awake state that occurs just as we begin to fall into sleep,8.____________ sleep stage called N1，or non-rapid-eye-movement sleep stage 1.The 9.______________ (discovery) show that if we can use that liminal haze between sleep and wakefulness—known 10. a hypnagogic(入睡前的) state—we might recall our bright ideas more easily. 1．答案　inventor 解析　考查名词。此处缺少表示人物身份的名词作主语，且为单数意义，故填inventor。 2．答案　to stimulate 解析　考查非谓语动词。rely on sb/sth to do为固定用法，用不定式作目的状语，故填to stimulate。 3．答案　holding 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略，当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含be动词时，可省略主语和be动词，故填holding。 4．答案　fell 解析　考查时态。此处陈述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填fell。 5．答案　him 解析　考查代词。主语和宾语不一致，此处用代词宾格作动词wake的宾语，故填him。 6．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词thoughts并在从句中作remember的宾语，指物，故填which。 7．答案　recently 解析　考查副词。修饰动词Published应用副词作状语，故填recently。 8．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。此处是the half awake state的同位语，泛指“一个阶段”，且sleep的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 9．答案　discoveries 解析　考查名词复数。空后的动词原形show表明此处用复数名词作主语，故填discoveries。 10．答案　as 解析　考查介词。固定短语be known as“被称为……”，此处省略be，用过去分词作后置定语，故填as。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$