Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and composition—Language styles-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第二册（译林版2020）

Period 2　Grammar and composition—Language styles (2022·北京，书面表达) Dear Jim， (1)How’s everything? I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.(2)Our classmates seem to be weak in organisation.(3)Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically，how to develop a paragraph，and how to structure an essay? (4)The talk will be about an hour，and you can decide on a date at your convenience.(5)Please let me know which platform you’ll be using.(6)It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk. (7)Looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua 本文中，句(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)出现了比较复杂的词汇：organisation，logically，convenience，platform，session。 语言文体 英语有许多不同的语体，用何种语体取决于具体语境，如交际目的、交际对象、交际场合等。常见的语言文体分正式和非正式两种。正式语体常用于论文、报告、申请等正式场合，非正式语体常用于短信、私人通信、熟人聊天等非正式场合。 一、正式语体 1．正式语体比平时用语运用更多的复杂词汇，如多音节词。正式用语还常常运用单个动词(如establish)来代替简略的短语动词(如set up)。此外，正式语体的句子结构较复杂，通常使用被动语态或从句。如： Some teachers create an interesting situation in which the newly learnt grammar can be practised. 2．正式语体会使用比较多的抽象名词。如： We should give serious consideration to this matter. 3．正式语体应用于写作中时，语句一般较长，较为复杂，也应严格遵从语法规则。正式用语一般较为客观，常常运用it这样的非人称代词。 I would like you to come to my office to pick up the ticket. It didn’t seem worthwhile writing it all out again. 二、非正式语体 1．非正式语体对词汇的使用不拘一格，运用很多较短的单词(如fire，climb和 ask)，运用很多口语词汇(如stuff，fit，a lot of，thing和 sort of)，还会运用一些短语动词(如运用set up，而不用establish)。如： We exercise to keep fit. Come to my office for a ticket. 2．非正式语体的语言比较口语化和个人化。如： Help yourself. I’m all ears. 3．缩约形式(如常常运用it’s，而不是 it is)常用于非正式语体中。如： We’ve heard lots of reports on cybercrime. I’d like to pay some money into my account. 试比较： FORMAL INFORMAL How do you do？ What’s up？ It is a pleasure to meet you. Nice to meet you. At your earliest convenience. As soon as you can. I was concerned about you. I was worried about you. Firstly... To start with/For a start... Give my regards to... Say hello to... Have you heard from her lately？ Heard from her lately？ Have you seen Tom？ Seen Tom？ I agree with my colleague，Anna，that... Anna’s right. 将下列句子改为正式语体。 1．The interviewer asked me about my future plans. The interviewer enquired me about my future plans. 2．You can ask for a free copy of the leaflet. You can request a free copy of the leaflet. 3．I’d like to book a table for three for eight o’clock. I’d like to reserve a table for three for eight o’clock. 4．I’ll leave you to check whether these claims are true. I’ll leave you to verify whether these claims are true. 5．The hospital has a commitment to give the best possible medical care. The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care. 6．We are looking for people who would be willing to help in the group’s work. We are looking for people who would be willing to assist in the group’s work. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Todd Bol，a retired businessman，could never have expected that a wooden container he built in his front yard one day would have the global impact it does today. Bol built a dollhouse-size structure that looked like a schoolhouse on a post and he put it in his yard as a free community library to remember his mother，who was a book lover and school teacher.Bol’s prototype gave birth to Little Free Library (LFL)，a nonprofit organization that seeks to place small，accessible book exchange boxes in neighborhoods around the world.The concept is simple：Neighbors are invited to share a book，leave a book，or both.Today，there are over 50,000 of these libraries registered in 70 countries. Almost everyone can register with LFL and start a library as long as the person keeps it in good shape and makes sure that book materials are appropriate for his/her neighborhood.Library owners can create their own library boxes; therefore，the libraries are usually unique in appearance，and there seems to be no limit to the possibilities.One library in California was built out of a used wine container; another in Texas had tiny stairs and bright colored walls.Once registered，libraries are assigned a number at LFL’s website.The LFL Index lists the locations of all libraries with GPS coordinates(坐标) and other information.Owners receive a sign saying “Little Free Library”． People say they have been attracted to pick up a book when walking by a Little Free Library，out of curiosity and because it’s convenient.Some sidewalk librarians say they have met more neighbors since having a little library in their front yard.Bol is also most proud of the way Little Free Library is bringing communities together.“It’s started a neighborhood exchange.It gets people talking and more comfortable with their neighbors，” he says.“This leads to them helping each other.” 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Todd Bol退休之后为了纪念自己的母亲在自己家院子建立的供人阅读的木质容器催生了小型免费图书馆——一个非营利组织，旨在在世界各地的社区设置小型、方便的图书交换箱。 1．What does the underlined word “prototype” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．A community center. B．A dollhouse on a post. C．A book exchange box. D．A nonprofit organization. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段首句“Bol在柱子上建造了一个玩偶屋大小的结构，看起来像校舍，他把它放在自己的院子里，作为一个免费的社区图书馆”可知，画线词指的是Bol自制的图书交换箱。故选C项。 2．What can we learn about the operation of a Little Free Library? A．There is no limit to the selection of books. B．The library can come in any shape and color. C．The library needs to hire many professional librarians. D．The owner must first be assigned a number from the LFL website. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Library owners can create their own library boxes；therefore，the libraries are usually unique in appearance，and there seems to be no limit to the possibilities.”可知，免费图书馆可以有任何形状和颜色。故选B项。 3．What can be inferred about Little Free Library? A．It helps improve GPS functions. B．It connects libraries around the world. C．It makes reading accessible to the poor. D．It helps restore human connections. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后三句话“It’s started a neighborhood exchange.It gets people talking and more comfortable with their neighbors.This leads to them helping each other.”可推知，小型免费图书馆帮助恢复人际关系。故选D项。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．LFL：A Booster to Shared Reading B．LFL：The Best Place to Meet Neighbors C．Todd Bol：A Successful Book Businessman D．Reading：An Approach to Improving Yourself 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据文章前两段退休商人托德·博尔在自家前院建造的一个木箱催生了免费图书馆Little Free Library可知，文章主要介绍的是它的作用，因为便利，它带动了“共享阅读”。A项“LFL：共享阅读的助推器”可以作为本文标题。 B John，who has ADHD(多动症)，was removed from the classroom after he refused to stop using a pair of safety scissors to cut his fingernails. The practice is known as informal removal，defined by the U．S.Department of Education as an action taken by school staff in response to a child’s behavior that excludes the child for part or all of the school day—or even indefinitely.Informal removals can happen through frequent parent pickups，shortened school days or hours spent in “time-out” rooms. Too much use of informal removals amounts to a form of off-the-books discipline—in fact a denial of education that escapes responsibility，legal experts say.It has special meanings for kids with disabilities：Informally removing these students circumvents(规避) federal law that protects them from being repeatedly disciplined or removed from school for behaviors related to their disability. In the law，if they are suspended(停学) for more than 10 days，families are entitled to a meeting with the school to determine whether the behaviors are a result of the child’s disability.If so，then the school must offer adjustments instead of suspension. The Education Department’s July guidance made it clear that children who are informally removed have the same rights，such as reviews of whether the students’ behavior was a result of their disability，as those who have been officially suspended. The Associated Press interviewed 20 families in 10 states who described being called repeatedly and at all hours of the school day to pick up their children.They had to leave work to get their child so frequently that they lost their jobs.Many felt they had no choice but to change schools，or even districts.It’s common and the reason for it is that most parents don’t know their rights，and the consequence for the school system is not enough to make them not do it.Families often do not know who they have to complain to.Sometimes they aren’t aware their child should not have been suspended in the first place. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。学校采用“非正式开除”的方法应对行为有缺陷的学生，这是一种不负责任的规避法律的行为。大部分家长并没有意识到这一点。 5．What can be known about informal removal? A．It is a right of teachers. B．It only happens to kids with no disabilities. C．It only lasts for several hours. D．It’s equal to shaking off responsibility. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，法律专家认为非正式开除其实是学校逃避责任的行为。故选D项。 6．How should schools legally deal with disabled students who make mistakes? A．Call their parents to pick them up. B．Let them go home ahead of time. C．Keep them in a separate room alone. D．Talk with parents to find a solution. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，如果行为有缺陷的学生被停学超过10天，学校应该与其家长协商以找到变通之策。故选D项。 7．What should parents do to protect their kids with disabilities? A．Change their children’s schools for a better one. B．Educate their children at home by themselves. C．Protect their children’s rights by means of law. D．Complain to schools about their practical difficulty. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知，大多数家长不知道自己的权利也没有意识到他们的孩子不应该被开除，因此作者认为他们应该去了解这些，应该运用法律来保障孩子的正当权益。故选C项。 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The rights of kids with disabilities. B．Informal removal and formal removal. C．Informal removal for disabled children. D．Special regulations for children with ADHD. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，本文以第一段的行为有缺陷的学生为例，引出本文讨论的话题：学校采用“非正式开除”的方法应对行为有缺陷的学生。故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 83-year-old João is a great Brazilian classical pianist.At the age of 8，he had already won a contest 1 Bach.He could play 21 notes per second at the 2 of his skills. However，fortune wasn’t 3 to João.At 28 years old，he suffered an accident that 4 the nerves in three of his fingers.And at 55，he was struck in the head，leaving him with brain injuries that completely paralyzed(使瘫痪) his 5 . He had to abandon the piano，since he could 6 use his fingers.But paralyzed hands weren’t enough to make him 7 his musical career.João became a(n) 8 in 2003.He couldn’t turn the pages in the score or even swing the stick，so instead，he just committed every score to 9 ，note by note—almost 5,000 score pages. Luckily，an engineer who saw him playing live decided to 10 something to help him.After a concert，he 11 João with the first model of a pair of special artificial gloves. After 12 several models，the perfect match was created.The gloves provide the necessary 13 for each finger and can even “tune” to what he plays.After more than 20 years，João could finally 14 with his piano. João knows that he might never recover his 15 of the past.But he’s starting over，and he will keep pushing. 1．A.adapting B．reciting C．playing D．writing 答案　C 解析　根据上文“83-year-old João is a great Brazilian classical pianist.”可知，他在8岁时演奏巴赫的音乐获得了奖项，故选C。 2．A.mercy B．option C．drop D．peak 答案　D 解析　根据上文“He could play 21 notes per second”可知，一定是在他的演奏技术达到顶峰的时刻，故选D。 3．A.kind B．equal C．mean D．familiar 答案　A 解析　根据下文“At 28 years old，he suffered an accident”可知，命运对他并不友好，他遭遇了意外事故，损伤了手指，故选A。 4．A.repaired B．damaged C．sustained D．touched 答案　B 解析　根据上文“At 28 years old，he suffered an accident”可知，他遭遇了意外事故，应该是损伤了手指的神经，故选B。 5．A.legs B．arms C．face D．chest 答案　B 解析　根据下文“But paralyzed hands weren’t enough”可知，应是手臂瘫痪了，故选B。 6．A.totally B．simply C．barely D．freely 答案　C 解析　根据上文可知，他手指损伤，加上手臂瘫痪，所以是几乎不能使用手指，故选C。 7．A.pursue B．choose C．start D．quit 答案　D 解析　根据下文“João became a(n) in 2003.”可知，他并没有放弃音乐事业。故选D。 8．A.conductor B．director C．assistant D．operator 答案　A 解析　根据下文“swing the stick”可知，他成了指挥，故选A。 9．A.memory B．display C．paper D．trial 答案　A 解析　根据上文“He couldn’t turn the pages in the score or even swing the stick”可知，他只有依靠大脑，去记忆每个音符，故选A。 10．A.detect B．promote C．purchase D．invent 答案　D 解析　根据下文“After several models，the perfect match was created.”可知，工程师决定发明能够帮助他的东西，故选D。 11．A.restricted B．approached C．directed D．released 答案　B 解析　根据下文“with the first model of a pair of special artificial gloves”可知，要给他发明的手套，应该是走近他，故选B。 12．A.showing off B．giving away C．setting up D．testing out 答案　D 解析　根据下文“the perfect match was created”可知，是经过几次模型的测试，故选D。 13．A.support B．guidance C．attention D．assignment 答案　A 解析　根据下文“for each finger and can even ‘tune’ to what he plays”可知，是给每个手指提供支撑，故选A。 14．A.compare B．age C．reunite D．start 答案　C 解析　根据上文“The gloves provide the necessary for each finger and can even ‘tune’ to what he plays.”可知，他又可以弹钢琴了，所以是与钢琴重聚，故选C。 15．A.health B．speed C．vision D．strength 答案　B 解析　根据第一段的“He could play 21 notes per second at the of his skills.”可知，他无法恢复到过去的弹琴速度，但是他会一直努力，故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空 To deal with the challenges in protecting the Great Wall of the ancient Qi state，the 1._________(old) existing Great Wall in China，the legislature(立法机关) in Shandong Province has passed a new regulation.The Qi state wall,2. stretches across Shandong for 641 kilometers，was built during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. “Historical records say the Qi state built the wall here to defend itself 3. its enemies，as well as to stop flooding，” says An Xingzhu，who once worked at the town’s culture station.In the 1970s，parts of the rammed earth wall(夯土墙) 4. (dig) out and used by farmers for their land,5. since the early 1990s，the local government has started to take measures to protect the wall，says An. Rapid development 6. (bring) many new problems and challenges in protecting the Qi wall so far，according to Qi Yan’an,7. official of the provincial justice department.“It is 8. (absolute) necessary to provide a solid legal guarantee for its 9.___________(conserve)，” he says. The new regulation states that local governments will establish a dynamic protection system 10. (use) remote sensing satellites，drones(无人机) and other technological means to monitor the Great Wall and the surrounding environment. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了应对保护中国现存最古老的古代齐国长城的挑战，山东省立法机构通过了一项新法规。 1．答案　oldest 解析　考查形容词最高级。由in China可知，此处指中国现存最古老的古代齐国长城，应用形容词最高级。故填oldest。 2．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Qi state wall，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．答案　from/against 解析　考查介词。固定搭配defend oneself from/against...意为“防御……的攻击”。故填from/against。 4．答案　were dug 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。dig与主语parts of the rammed earth wall是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；由In the 1970s可知，应用一般过去时；主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were dug。 5．答案　but 解析　考查连词。根据句意可知，前后句意存在转折关系，应用并列连词but表转折。故填but。 6．答案　has brought 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据so far可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语development是不可数名词，助动词使用has。故填has brought。 7．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。此处是Qi Yan’an的同位语，泛指“一位官员”，应用不定冠词，official的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 8．答案　absolutely 解析　考查副词。此处修饰形容词necessary，应用副词，作状语。故填absolutely。 9．答案　conservation 解析　考查名词。根据空前的its可知，此处应用名词形式作介词for的宾语，conservation为不可数名词。故填conservation。 10．答案　using 解析　考查非谓语动词。use与a dynamic protection system是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填using。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$